1478:. The town is close to the coast but the distance of 10–15 km means the winters are somewhat colder with especially lower winter minima and higher summer maxima. It has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb) with few extremes. Winters tend to be mild, especially considering the northern latitude, summers are cool and precipitation is spread out evenly over the year. All seasons are warming up by about 0.5 °C/decade due to anthropogenic warming. The extremes measured since 2000, 2 km northeast of the town in the countryside with calibrated equipment have been −17.2 °C on 4 February 2012 and 40.9 °C on 25 July 2019, the latter unofficially being a new Dutch all-time high record, slightly above the 40.7 °C measured at Gilzerijen KNMI and 40.6 °C in Westdorpe. Vlissingen KNMI measured −11.0 °C and 37.5 °C on the same dates, clearly showing how much the influence is diminished just 8 km further inland. The climate is warming due to anthropogenic influences, clearly witnessed by the fact that the previous record of 37.5 °C was measured just a year before. Also, in the past minima have been at and probably below −20 °C in winter months. Snowcover, days with airfrost and icedays (Tx < 0.0 °C) have greatly diminished and with it ice speedskating on the canals, a favourite sport in the winter months, has become very infrequent since 2013 especially.
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1898:'s 1929 novel "The Romantic Prince", set in the late 1460s, Middelburg is the home town of Mister Danvelt and his son Philip. The Danvelt home is a beautiful, gabled house on the Lange Delft, not far from Middelburg's imposing abbey. Philip Danvelt inherits the house and lives there with his wife Johanna when he is arrested by Lord Claude de Rhynsault.
665:
the opening of
England, and its colonies, to the Jews. Middelburg also has an Ashkenazic burial site, which is located at the Walensingel inside the city wall. In 1994 the synagogue was restored, as it was partially destroyed during the Second World War. This synagogue was the third one to be built
1726:
Middelburg has a rugby club, Oemoemenoe, and four football (soccer) clubs: MZVC, Zeelandia
Middelburg, Jong Ambon and FC Dauwendaele. Jong Ambon is translated Young Ambon, and consists of mostly Ambonese players. FC Dauwendaele is the club of the neighborhood of Dauwendaele.
677:
About a third of the old city centre was devastated by bombs and fire in the early phases of World War II, on 17 May 1940. It is still not certain if German bombers or French artillery were responsible. The town was captured and liberated by
British troops during
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was built on the site, which remained an active
Catholic foundation until the Reformation. Foundations for Middelburg's "stately and picturesque" main church were first laid in the 10th century; additional construction continued through the Middle Ages.
682:
on 6 November 1944. After the War, as much of the destroyed part of the old town center was rebuilt and restored along pre-War lines as far as was possible. The city's archives, however, had been incinerated during the German bombardment.
886:, scientist and poet, was born here in 1723. In 1774 she was inducted as an honorary member of the academy Kunstliefde Spaart Geen Vlijt. Also, she presented the academy with poems, translated from French plays. She died in
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in the
Netherlands during the Golden Age. In the hall of the railway station there is a plaque of remembrance for the Jews of Zeeland who started their journey to the death camps from the Middelburg train station.
458:
702:, the Koepoort Gate and the Varkenspoort Gate. Part of the 18th century moat and defence works, however, were demolished in the 19th century to make way for a commercial canal that crosses
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1537:
2012:
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from the
Spanish forces during a long siege (1572–1574). The northern provinces of the Low Countries won their independence from their former Spanish Habsburg rulers and formed the
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Modern
Middelburg has preserved and regained much of its historic and picturesque character. There are lavish 17th and 18th century merchant houses and storehouses standing along
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The city of
Middelburg dates back possibly to the late 8th century or early 9th century. The first mention of Middelburg was as one of three fortified towns (
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decided to found the first university in the
Netherlands in 1575, he initially considered locating it in Middelburg. Ultimately he chose
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is also located in the city, although this institution has its headquarters in the nearby city of
Vlissingen.
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Aside from the town of Middelburg, the municipality also includes several population centres, including:
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of the Seven United Netherlands. As such, Middelburg also played an important role in the 17th century
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714:. The medieval abbey is still in use today, as a museum and as the seat of the provincial government.
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1128:(1592–1663), an Anglo-Dutch courtier, diplomat, art advisor, miniaturist and architectural designer
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1614:, however, and Middelburg—as well as all of Zeeland—remained without a university until 2004 when
1590:
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1373:(1856 –1919), a Dutch horticulturalist and botanist who founded a botanical garden in Middelburg.
1361:
1047:
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593:, it became an important trading centre in the commerce between England and the rising cities of
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on Easter Sunday, 6 April 1722. Further discoveries on the same journey included islands of the
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1905:, c. 1387, the Merchant speaks of the absolute importance of keeping the sea free of pirates
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1165:(1650 — 1716 in London), a Dutch humanist scholar, banished in 1679 and settled in England
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607:. The town continued to gain in power and prestige during the 13th and 14th centuries.
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1354:(1897–1985), a Dutch entrepreneur and physicist, designed and made optical instruments
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1212:(1914 – 1943 in Auschwitz), the Dutch author of confessional letters and diaries
864:, who was born in the city in 1659 and died there in 1729. Roggeveen discovered
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1134:(c. 1598 – 1653 in London), a Dutch politician and diplomat, negotiated with
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1288:(1608–1684), a medallist, perfected the technique of pressing hollow medals
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1237:(born 1963), a Dutch politician, King's Commissioner of Zeeland since 2013
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1434: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1272:(1585 – c. 1632), a Dutch spectacle-maker, lived mostly in Middelburg.
1035:(1851–1925), a Dutch writer, known for his literary regionalistic work
860:
Another well-known citizen of Middelburg was the admiral and explorer
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1109:(1561–1632), a Dutch Calvinist Minister, astronomer and mathematician
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1206:(1899–1985), a Dutch scholar of literature, dialects, and ethnology
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988:(c. 1633 – c. 1687), a Dutch portrait painter, prominent in England
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853:(1769–1819) was born, settled and died here, after traveling over
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From 1559 to 1603, Middelburg was the episcopal see of a Catholic
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1231:(born 1955), a Dutch politician, alderman of Middelburg 2002/2012
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1243:(born 1965), a Dutch politician, Mayor of Middelburg since 2012
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1933:[Members of the board] (in Dutch). Gemeente Middelburg
1909:("between Middelburg and Orwell", the latter referring to the
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who worked most of his life in Middelburg. He had three sons,
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487:. Situated on the central peninsula of the Zeeland province,
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is often credited to Middelburg spectacle-makers (including
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1761:
1386:(born 1955), a retired football defender with 531 club caps
695:
430:
2365:
630:, a Protestant state. Later, during the 17th century (the
1294:(1617–1668), a Dutch naturalist, entomologist and painter
1159:(1647–1715), a controversial Dutch pastor and philosopher
982:(1626/1628 – 1661), the first actress in The Netherlands
506:
In terms of technology, Middelburg played a role in the
1392:(born 1978), a female judoka, bronze medallist at the
1149:(1629–1674), a Dutch military heroine in the siege of
994:(1649–1729), a composer, organist, harpsichordist and
1091:
1788:. Four trains leave every hour in both directions.
918:(? - 1627), a Dutch horticulturalist and noblewoman
673:
Topographic map of Middelburg, as of September 2014
538:) in the late 16th century and early 17th century.
2274:Inwonertallen van Nederlandse steden ca. 1300–1800
1143:(1602–1665), a Dutch theologian and Hebrew scholar
1059:Paul van der Feen (born 1978), a Dutch saxophonist
2255:p166-178 of the House of Stratus edition, ch. 4.
1319:(1808–1871), a Dutch physician and medical editor
1056:(1925–1991), a Dutch painter, sculptor and writer
1050:(1870–1943), a Dutch poet, classicist, and mystic
2960:
2015:[Population growth; regions per month].
2271:
2068:Buffaloes bevrijden Middelburg, 6 november 1944
1989:(in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Archived from
1955:[Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020].
1171:(1673–1743), a Dutch jurist and legal theorist
810:
1121:(1588–1637), a Dutch philosopher and scientist
2950:List of cities in the Netherlands by province
2635:
2500:
2486:
2351:
2070:(Middelburg : Gemeente Middelburg, 1990)
1667:
1313:(1730–1795), a Dutch physician and naturalist
736:
690:, of a similar style as found in cities like
28:City and municipality in Zeeland, Netherlands
1065:(born 1969), a Dutch news anchor and actress
960:(c. 1600 – 1659), a Dutch still life painter
1325:(1820–1872), a Dutch zoologist, researched
1115:(c. 1568–1634) founded a Church of Scotland
924:(c. 1575 – 1625), a Dutch poet and composer
2642:
2628:
2493:
2479:
2358:
2344:
1071:(born 1970), a Dutch writer and journalist
1014:(1803–1862), a Dutch landscape artist and
520:Golden Age of Dutch science and technology
2327:(in Dutch with a limited English section)
2013:"Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand"
1601:
1450:Learn how and when to remove this message
1220:Ambassador of the Netherlands to Suriname
1188:Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
1923:
1734:
1633:
1399:
1278:(1599–1668), the sole proprietor of the
1254:
1246:
1082:
1074:
1041:(1852–1930), a Dutch painter of the 2nd
900:
892:
668:
553:
545:
514:. The town was historically a center of
503:), it has a population of about 48,000.
1263:
1029:(1849–1930), a Dutch still life painter
976:(1616–1683), a Dutch still-life painter
2989:Provincial capitals of the Netherlands
2961:
2366:Places adjacent to Middelburg, Zeeland
1531:View at the Lange Jan from the station
2623:
2474:
2339:
2309:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911.
2272:Lourens, Piet; Lucassen, Jan (1997).
2149:"Drs. Leopold onze man in Paramaribo"
2137:. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). 1911.
1888:
1218:(1918–2008), a Dutch diplomat, first
1100:(1446–1534), a Flemish scientist and
842:the Younger (1612–1643) who were all
450:
314:48.42 km (18.70 sq mi)
306:53.04 km (20.48 sq mi)
2373:
2173:
1953:"Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020"
1756:with intercity train connections to
1432:adding citations to reliable sources
1403:
642:, the most important center for the
1626:, was established. A campus of the
897:Suzanna Nannette Sablairolles, 1847
698:are still there, as are two of the
322:4.62 km (1.78 sq mi)
13:
2128:"Bynkershoek, Cornelius Van"
1975:
1092:Public thinking and public service
1023:(1829–1867), a Dutch stage actress
970:painter, draughtsman and architect
731:
573:(then an island) to guard against
170:
137:
14:
3005:
2291:
1730:
1628:HZ University of Applied Sciences
717:
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1907:bitwixe Middelburgh and Orewelle
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1408:
1300:(1650–1704), a Dutch physician,
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136:
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95:
85:
71:
54:
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1987:Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland
1558:Near towngate, the Kuiperspoort
1419:needs additional citations for
884:Petronella Johanna de Timmerman
150:Location within the Netherlands
2235:nieuws.ns via ns.nl (in Dutch)
2176:"Ongekende hitte in de polder"
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2035:
2005:
1945:
1791:
1694:
491:(consisting of former islands
1:
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1917:
1194:Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel
1039:Herman Johannes van der Weele
905:Pieter Cornelis Boutens, 1905
2423:
2415:
2321:travel guide from Wikivoyage
2300:"Middelburg (Holland)"
2174:Zeel, Meteo (25 July 2019).
2155:(in Dutch). 11 November 1975
1661:University College Roosevelt
1616:University College Roosevelt
822:the Elder (1573–1621) was a
634:), Middelburg became, after
16:City in Zeeland, Netherlands
7:
2984:Populated places in Zeeland
2153:De Telegraaf via Delpher.nl
1689:UCR Stand up comedy theatre
909:
811:Lourens & Lucassen 1997
351:1,011/km (2,620/sq mi)
21:Middelburg (disambiguation)
10:
3010:
2655:Kingdom of the Netherlands
2106:"Paul of Middelburg"
2094:retrieved 30 November 2019
2082:retrieved 30 November 2019
1797:
1748:Middelburg railway station
1745:
1740:Middelburg railway station
1668:Theaters and concert halls
1481:
1251:Cecil Arthur Hoare c. 1930
1224:Honorary Order of the Palm
938:Christoffel van den Berghe
657:Samuel Ben Israel, son of
541:
18:
2979:Municipalities of Zeeland
2974:Cities in the Netherlands
2946:
2694:
2686:
2661:
2591:
2580:
2509:
2371:
1983:"Postcodetool for 4331BK"
1721:
1169:Cornelius van Bynkershoek
808:
749:—
597:, a fact commented on by
425:
415:
403:
382:
365:
355:
347:
339:
334:
326:
318:
310:
302:
297:
279:
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195:
123:
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67:
53:
40:
33:
1686:Filmtheater Schuttershof
1648:Sjakie's Chocolademuseum
1495:Dam and Prins Hendrikdok
1377:
1317:Franz Zacharias Ermerins
1179:Governor of Dutch Ceylon
1012:Barend Cornelis Koekkoek
644:Dutch East India Company
624:captured by Dutch rebels
2306:Encyclopædia Britannica
2259:, Rafael Sabatini, 2001
2134:Encyclopædia Britannica
1657:Centrum Beeldende Kunst
1472:Nieuw- en Sint Joosland
1362:chief financial officer
1341:(1892–1984), a British
1079:Balthasar Gerbier, 1662
1048:Pieter Cornelis Boutens
1004:(c. 1665 – c. 1707), a
940:(c. 1590 – c. 1645), a
836:Ambrosius Bosschaert II
585:Middelburg was granted
522:. The invention of the
452:[ˈmɪdəlbʏr(ə)x]
153:Show map of Netherlands
1743:
1602:Culture and recreation
1390:Elisabeth Willeboordse
1260:
1252:
1177:(1694–1736), the 21st
1107:Philippe van Lansberge
1088:
1080:
1027:Anna Adelaïde Abrahams
1008:painter of still-lifes
906:
898:
674:
562:
559:Middelburg's city hall
551:
183:Location within Europe
2692:Constituent countries
2325:Official city website
2115:. Vol. 11. 1911.
2112:Catholic Encyclopedia
1903:The Canterbury Tales
1738:
1634:Cultural institutions
1400:Geography and climate
1323:Jan Adrianus Herklots
1258:
1250:
1102:Bishop of Fossombrone
1087:Harald Bergmann, 2010
1086:
1078:
948:Balthasar van der Ast
944:painter of landscapes
904:
896:
723:Historical population
672:
557:
549:
508:Scientific Revolution
471:in the south-western
384: • Summer (
330:3 m (10 ft)
1993:on 21 September 2013
1428:improve this article
1394:2008 Summer Olympics
1360:(born 1947), former
1282:, Cornwall 1630/1668
1264:Science and business
1259:Jan Poortvliet, 1978
1157:Frederik van Leenhof
1021:Suzanna Sablairolles
966:(c. 1610 – 1673), a
950:(1593/94 – 1657), a
930:(c. 1585 – 1648), a
834:(1606/08– 1628/29),
820:Ambrosius Bosschaert
604:The Canterbury Tales
589:in 1217. During the
348: • Density
259:Middelburg City Hall
19:For other uses, see
2969:Middelburg, Zeeland
2276:. Amsterdam: NEHA.
2257:The Romantic Prince
1677:Concertzaal Zeeland
1654:Zeeuwse Bibliotheek
1622:), affiliated with
1618:(formerly known as
1132:Paulus van de Perre
1033:Henri Eduard Beunke
916:Hortensia del Prado
876:group, now part of
870:South Pacific Ocean
832:Johannes Bosschaert
724:
680:Operation Infatuate
659:Menasseh Ben Israel
512:early modern period
211: /
118:Location in Zeeland
61:Middelburg Stadhuis
2675:Seat of government
2549:Schouwen-Duiveland
2501:Municipalities of
2331:Tourism Middelburg
2231:"NS Nieuwsarchief"
2206:chocolademuseum.nl
1889:In popular culture
1744:
1624:Utrecht University
1261:
1253:
1175:Stephanus Versluys
1098:Paul of Middelburg
1089:
1081:
907:
899:
868:(Rapa Nui) in the
840:Abraham Bosschaert
722:
675:
563:
552:
550:Middelburg in 1652
340: • Total
319: • Water
303: • Total
186:Show map of Europe
2956:
2955:
2941:
2940:
2617:
2616:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2462:
1886:
1885:
1752:Middelburg has a
1620:Roosevelt Academy
1608:William of Orange
1460:
1459:
1452:
1286:Pieter van Abeele
1280:Manor of Alverton
1276:Alexander Daniell
1270:Zacharias Janssen
1222:Recipient of The
1216:Hendricus Leopold
1184:Reynier de Klerck
1147:Margaretha Sandra
1126:Balthazar Gerbier
922:Adrianus Valerius
817:
816:
620:Eighty Years' War
532:Zacharias Janssen
441:
440:
311: • Land
274:Municipal council
270: • Body
3001:
2834:'s-Hertogenbosch
2689:
2688:
2665:National capital
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2066:J.N. Houterman,
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2057:
2055:
2053:
2047:War over Holland
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
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2023:. 1 January 2021
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968:Dutch Golden Age
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952:Dutch Golden Age
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838:(1609–1645) and
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813:, pp. 93–94
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1210:Etty Hillesum
1208:
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1204:Piet Meertens
1202:
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614:covering all
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569:) erected on
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516:lens crafting
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501:Zuid-Beveland
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2419:
2382:
2304:
2273:
2256:
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2234:
2225:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2186:19 September
2184:. Retrieved
2179:
2169:
2157:. Retrieved
2152:
2143:
2132:
2121:
2110:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2067:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:
2043:"Middelburg"
2037:
2025:. Retrieved
2019:(in Dutch).
2017:CBS Statline
2016:
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1991:the original
1986:
1977:
1967:19 September
1965:. Retrieved
1959:(in Dutch).
1956:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1925:
1913:in England).
1911:River Orwell
1906:
1902:
1751:
1725:
1704:Kuiperspoort
1605:
1570:
1544:
1476:Sint Laurens
1468:Kleverskerke
1461:
1446:
1440:October 2021
1437:
1426:Please help
1421:verification
1418:
1352:Lili Bleeker
1306:entomologist
1302:iatrochemist
1054:Joost Baljeu
1043:Hague School
1016:lithographer
882:
859:
849:The painter
848:
818:
685:
676:
656:
609:
602:
584:
566:
564:
505:
488:
469:municipality
443:
442:
361:Middelburger
91:Coat of arms
47:municipality
25:
2745:Philipsburg
2739:Netherlands
2599:Netherlands
2544:Reimerswaal
2384:Veerse Meer
2159:26 December
1792:Twin cities
1695:Sightseeing
1683:Minitheater
1596:Herengracht
1584:Herengracht
1336:Cecil Hoare
1331:echinoderms
1327:carcinology
1292:Jan Goedart
1141:Adam Boreel
1113:John Forbes
851:Pieter Gaal
846:painters.
652:slave trade
591:Middle Ages
587:city rights
561:around 1910
473:Netherlands
433:.middelburg
235:Netherlands
218: /
2963:Categories
2948:See also:
2928:Oranjestad
2917:The Bottom
2906:Kralendijk
2889:Middelburg
2861:Overijssel
2817:Maastricht
2800:Gelderland
2784:Leeuwarden
2723:Willemstad
2712:Oranjestad
2574:Vlissingen
2534:Middelburg
2453:Vlissingen
2420:Middelburg
2319:Middelburg
2283:9057420082
2266:Literature
2241:3 February
2182:(in Dutch)
1997:4 December
1937:4 December
1918:References
1809:Folkestone
1766:Roosendaal
1758:Vlissingen
1746:See also:
1674:Schouwburg
1464:Arnemuiden
1235:Han Polman
1200:of Zeeland
1151:Aardenburg
857:to paint.
824:still life
708:Vlissingen
700:city gates
524:microscope
444:Middelburg
335:Population
265:Government
177:Middelburg
144:Middelburg
35:Middelburg
2994:Walcheren
2867:The Hague
2811:Groningen
2806:Groningen
2789:Friesland
2778:Flevoland
2734:Amsterdam
2696:Provinces
2680:The Hague
2670:Amsterdam
2604:Provinces
2559:Terneuzen
2027:2 January
1880:, Belgium
1878:Vilvoorde
1867:, Romania
1854:, Romania
1786:Amsterdam
1774:The Hague
1770:Rotterdam
1710:City Hall
1701:The Abbey
1366:ING Group
1358:Cees Maas
1190:1778/1780
890:in 1786.
704:Walcheren
692:Amsterdam
640:Amsterdam
618:. In the
612:bishopric
579:monastery
571:Walcheren
528:telescope
493:Walcheren
417:Area code
410:4330–4341
367:Time zone
327:Elevation
254:City Hall
102:Brandmark
2773:Lelystad
2595:See also
2052:30 April
1957:StatLine
1835:Nagasaki
1824:, Poland
1716:Damplein
1713:Oostkerk
1644:Vleeshal
1329:and the
996:carillon
934:painter.
910:The arts
809:Source:
663:Cromwell
648:Republic
595:Flanders
481:province
405:Postcode
242:Province
2911:Bonaire
2894:Zeeland
2883:Utrecht
2878:Utrecht
2845:Haarlem
2822:Limburg
2767:Drenthe
2728:Curaçao
2653:of the
2529:Kapelle
2514:Borsele
2503:Zeeland
2458:Borsele
2237:. ns.nl
1852:Simeria
1837:, Japan
1782:Haarlem
1482:Gallery
1364:of the
1153:in 1672
954:painter
888:Utrecht
874:Tuamotu
737:±% p.a.
636:Holland
616:Zeeland
542:History
518:in the
510:at the
485:Zeeland
479:of the
477:capital
463:) is a
426:Website
357:Demonym
247:Zeeland
231:Country
203:51°30′N
2856:Zwolle
2795:Arnhem
2564:Tholen
2280:
2202:"Home"
1822:Głogów
1784:, and
1778:Leiden
1722:Sports
1612:Leiden
1304:, and
998:player
855:Europe
804:−0.62%
801:17,687
793:−0.12%
790:25,000
782:+0.40%
779:27,000
771:+4.47%
768:20,000
760:+0.06%
688:canals
575:Viking
448:Dutch:
343:48,964
206:3°37′E
2762:Assen
2717:Aruba
2569:Veere
2554:Sluis
2524:Hulst
2409:Veere
1865:Teiuș
1606:When
1378:Sport
757:7,000
746:6,300
712:Veere
706:from
696:moats
567:borgs
393:UTC+2
372:UTC+1
282:Mayor
2922:Saba
2519:Goes
2431:Goes
2278:ISBN
2243:2022
2188:2020
2161:2021
2054:2016
2029:2022
1999:2013
1969:2020
1939:2013
1762:Goes
1543:The
1474:and
1345:and
1124:Sir
798:1795
787:1739
776:1675
765:1600
754:1576
743:1398
732:Pop.
728:Year
534:and
526:and
499:and
467:and
465:city
421:0118
397:CEST
298:Area
77:Flag
45:and
43:City
2021:CBS
1961:CBS
1901:In
1894:In
1430:by
1339:FRS
710:to
601:in
483:of
435:.nl
431:www
386:DST
376:CET
291:VVD
2965::
2931:,
2920:,
2909:,
2892:,
2881:,
2870:,
2859:,
2848:,
2837:,
2820:,
2809:,
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654:.
495:,
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