373:
164:
351:
In summary, the article "A Quick Look at
Lesbians by Dilys Rowe" (Winter 1962–1963) was based on an interview with three self-confessed "homosexual women" and a female doctor who specialised in marriage guidance. The article focused on the largely invisible lives of lesbians in society at the time
184:
The
Shakespeare's Head also had another function as the home of the MRG lending library and reading group. Much of the lesbian literature of the time was not available through book stores and public libraries, so the MRG library was an invaluable resource of largely donated books and publications.
147:
Initially, the group had quite an impact on the press and on television which elevated the status of lesbians into something that could be discussed in ordinary society. Many women, including Esme
Langley, volunteered to be interviewed and photographed for this purpose, risking loss of employment,
82:) lives. This research concept continued throughout the existence of the Minorities Research Group, which also provided a central point for formerly disparate individuals and information. Ultimately, the MRG provided education, support and opportunities to socialise for lesbians nationwide.
265:
Esme worked as a secretary and was working in the field of magazine publishing at the time when she started MRG. She raised her eldest son on her own without ever being married, which was an unusual thing to do at the time. In 1958 she wrote a semi-autobiographical book called
352:
and their relationships with their mother and father. It proposed that lesbians reported growing up in families where they had a weak father and a dominant mother and that they had failed to emotionally bond with their fathers during their formative years.
361:, September 1965, pp. 815–21. This included further research into the parental relationship by sampling 37 lesbians from the group and 80 married women. The results also pointed towards lesbians having a poor relationship with their fathers.
54:, one of the group's key founders, was insistent that it should focus on research and be inclusive of heterosexuals and supportive of lesbian individuals. As well as lesbians, its members included social workers, psychiatrists and writers such as
70:. She was the editor, and working with her on the magazine were Diana Chapman, Cynthia Reid, Julie Switsur and Patricia Dunkley. The group was prompted by the article "A quick look at lesbians" by the journalist
49:
The aims of the MRG were quoted as to "collaborate in research into the homosexual condition, especially as it concerns women; and to disseminate information to those genuinely in the quest of enlightenment".
215:, which was Britain's first lesbian and bisexual women's publication. This publication was produced from 1963 to 1972 and at its peak, it was distributed by mail order to approximately 500-600 subscribers.
136:
later that year. This prompted a rush of enquiries and boosted membership from all over the country. Many of the members were married and had to get their husbands' written consent before they could join.
1124:
270:
under the pseudonym of Ann Bruce, which describes her life from being in the A.T.S in occupied
Germany to being a single parent and living in the conservative post Second World War era.
177:. Many of the women had been objecting to some women wearing the 'butch' attire of a suit and tie to meetings. This eventually led to long-term social divisions within the group where
155:. This program also featured eight women from the MRG and was considered important as it was the first time that the women faced the camera without their identities being hidden.
1678:
227:
was largely written by the same group of women and was often accused of being too middle class. It graduated from a type-written newsletter to a full glossy magazine by 1971.
74:
in late 1962. Although it would appear condemning in the present day, it discussed serious issues with interviews and quotations, and it prompted an interest in research into
355:
Following on from this, a research article that was compiled with the help of the
Minorities Research Group was "On the Genesis of Female Homosexuality by E. Bene" for the
1693:
173:
At one of the group debates in August 1964, a record 70 women turned up to discuss 'the freedom of dress'. This took place in a room above the
Shakespeare's Head in
1115:
286:
which focuses on equal rights for all homosexuals. These superseded the objectives of
Minorities Research Group and helped bring about its demise and evolution.
1158:
199:
Some of the MRG members wanted to steer away from research to improve the social aspects of the group. They went on to found the still running Kenric in 1965.
1188:
1688:
239:
describes its contents as including letters from women around the country discussing local dances, events and the gay and lesbian politics of the day.
115:. At first, many newspapers thought that their content was too offensive and refused to publish their adverts. The first to accept their adverts was
106:
publication and the benefits of MRG membership were regularly promoted inside amongst its clientele and group meetings were sometimes held there.
140:
In 1964, Esme
Langley was interviewed by a psychiatrist for a late night Welsh television program. Shortly afterwards a documentary was made for
1703:
250:(1919–1992) was the founder, secretary and driving force of the Minorities Research Group. She was responsible for editing and producing the
1683:
1108:
71:
1698:
144:, the first national British television program on lesbians. This was broadcast on 7 January 1965, which featured several MRG members.
646:
1198:
1101:
906:
879:
1637:
1148:
485:
299:
magazine in the same year. Jackie also went on to become an
Executive member of the Campaign for Homosexual Equality and the
1455:
96:
1093:
1657:
1084:
1065:
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1017:
992:
941:
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777:
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633:
612:
596:
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561:
541:
461:
444:
420:
391:
386:
1601:
283:
1213:
211:
747:
221:
was not available in the shops and was entirely funded by Esme
Langley, some advertising and its subscribers.
109:
Other group members were located through small classified advertisements placed in British newspapers such as
1569:
1441:
1183:
357:
32:. It was founded by four women who got together in response to an article that was published in the magazine
831:
192:
The Minorities Research group had an active relationship with the American equivalent of the time period,
1543:
1299:
436:
958:
1611:
1518:
1708:
1434:
1251:
1203:
793:
500:
279:
236:
693:
1427:
1304:
1261:
1208:
1163:
1143:
1525:
316:
290:
216:
101:
41:
1491:
1462:
1448:
1335:
1642:
1586:
1485:
1271:
1173:
1153:
300:
193:
654:
8:
1616:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1479:
1390:
1123:
293:, which was published in March 1972. Former group member Jackie Forster went on to start
111:
1621:
1606:
1340:
1223:
1178:
338:
Barbara Bell was the South Coast representative for MRG, as described in her biography
910:
883:
278:
After the legalisation of male homosexuality in the UK with the implementation of the
258:
magazines. She also appeared in several early documentaries about lesbians, including
1080:
1061:
1042:
1013:
988:
937:
860:
814:
773:
730:
714:
676:
629:
608:
592:
576:
557:
537:
481:
457:
440:
416:
294:
132:
832:"Arena Three at the Lesbian Archive and Information Centre, Glasgow Women's Library"
151:
In 1971 a third television program about lesbians was made by Brigid Segrave called
1596:
1355:
1284:
117:
1647:
1626:
1531:
1128:
178:
209:
The Minorities Research Group was responsible for producing the monthly journal
1410:
1236:
312:
232:
174:
29:
1385:
1672:
1591:
1537:
1380:
1330:
1289:
1168:
324:
228:
91:
24:) (est. 1963) was the first organisation to openly advocate the interests of
1652:
1561:
1405:
1400:
1360:
1350:
1345:
1256:
1241:
852:
378:
247:
126:
67:
55:
51:
1395:
1375:
1325:
1294:
1370:
864:
1365:
1309:
1246:
1193:
751:
934:
From the Closet to the Screen: Women at the Gateways Club, 1945–1985
534:
From the Closet to the Screen: Women at the Gateways Club, 1945–1985
1279:
1231:
791:
691:
79:
478:
From the closet to the screen: women at the Gateways Club, 1945–85
1058:
From The Closet to the Screen: Women at the Gateways Club 1945–85
75:
25:
501:
http://www.elisarolle.com/queerplaces/ch-d-e/Esme%20Langley.html
235:
became regular contributors. A recent review of the magazine by
46:
that provided a lifeline to remote lesbians around the country.
186:
282:
other more political organisations had appeared, such as the
185:
This library was eventually passed to lesbian social network
303:
along with other former MRG members such as Maureen Duffy.
787:
785:
512:
Dilys Rowe (Winter 1962–63). "A quick look at lesbians".
40:, and went on to publish its own lesbian magazine called
729:
p.118-120 From the Closet to the Screen – Jill Gardiner
713:
p.111-113 From the Closet to the Screen – Jill Gardiner
163:
675:
p.99-101 From the Closet to the Screen – Jill Gardiner
782:
772:
p.96-97 From the Closet to the Screen – Jill Gardiner
591:
p.97-98 From the Closet to the Screen – Jill Gardiner
1679:
LGBTQ political advocacy groups in the United Kingdom
168:
The Shakespeare's Head on Carnaby Street – March 2007
936:. Rivers Oram Press/Pandora List. pp. 102–108.
813:
p.256 From the Closet to the Screen – Jill Gardiner
575:
p.123 From the Closet to the Screen – Jill Gardiner
556:
p.122 From the Closet to the Screen – Jill Gardiner
368:
904:
792:Brighton Ourstory Winter Newsletter (Winter 1997).
692:Brighton Ourstory Winter Newsletter (Winter 2000).
628:p.99 From the Closet to the Screen – Jill Gardiner
607:p.98 From the Closet to the Screen – Jill Gardiner
456:p.95 From the Closet to the Screen – Jill Gardiner
415:p.96 From the Closet to the Screen – Jill Gardiner
644:
315:was a broadcaster, an active member and wrote for
1694:Defunct LGBTQ organisations in the United Kingdom
694:"Brighton Ourstory – The important thing is love"
1670:
121:in May 1964 after it ran an article on the MRG.
1125:Early LGBT rights advocacy in the United States
877:
829:
745:
94:in Chelsea, London, which featured in the film
956:
1109:
531:
511:
475:
925:
723:
707:
439:Lesbian Oral History Group, Routledge 1988,
1036:
1007:
982:
669:
651:– Synopses from the British Film Institute"
624:
622:
620:
571:
569:
527:
525:
523:
1116:
1102:
766:
585:
411:
409:
407:
90:Many MRG members were also members of the
1689:1963 establishments in the United Kingdom
976:
807:
471:
469:
124:A further two articles were published in
1055:
1037:Oram, Alison; Tunbull, AnnMarie (2001).
1008:Oram, Alison; Tunbull, AnnMarie (2001).
1001:
983:Oram, Alison; Tunbull, AnnMarie (2001).
905:The Knitting Circle (29 November 1999).
617:
601:
566:
550:
520:
433:Inventing Ourselves:Lesbian Life Stories
162:
1638:ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives
931:
907:"Jackie Forster at the Knitting Circle"
450:
404:
1671:
1149:Council on Religion and the Homosexual
466:
289:The MRG ended with the final issue of
148:abuse and loss of family connections.
1097:
851:
750:. Gerber/Hart Library. Archived from
346:
1704:Organizations disestablished in 1972
1456:The Phoenix: Midwest Homophile Voice
1074:
898:
878:knitting Circle (29 November 1999).
38:Minorities Research Group Newsletter
1684:LGBTQ history in the United Kingdom
13:
1030:
959:"Barbara Bell – Guardian Obituary"
950:
880:"Knitting Circle – Jackie Forster"
823:
306:
14:
1720:
1699:Organizations established in 1963
1658:LGBTQ rights in the United States
794:"Brighton Ourstory – Arena Three"
392:List of LGBT rights organisations
387:LGBT rights in the United Kingdom
158:
957:Linda Pointing (20 March 2005).
536:. London: Pandora. p. 102.
371:
284:Campaign for Homosexual Equality
61:
1214:Veterans Benevolent Association
871:
845:
739:
685:
638:
242:
85:
1039:The Lesbian History Sourcebook
1010:The Lesbian History Sourcebook
985:The Lesbian History Sourcebook
505:
494:
425:
202:
1:
1442:Focus: A Journal for Lesbians
1184:Metropolitan Community Church
397:
358:British Journal of Psychiatry
97:The Killing of Sister George
7:
1300:Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon
1075:Bell, Barbara (June 1999).
364:
260:The important thing is love
153:The important thing is love
10:
1725:
1012:. Routledge. p. 124.
987:. Routledge. p. 218.
273:
36:. The group published the
1632:Minorities Research Group
1612:Garden of Allah (cabaret)
1579:
1553:
1519:MANual Enterprises v. Day
1472:
1419:
1318:
1270:
1222:
1136:
18:Minorities Research Group
1544:Compton's Cafeteria riot
1209:Student Homophile League
1204:Society for Human Rights
1077:Just take your Frock Off
857:Why should I be dismayed
830:MacDonald Helen (2005).
746:Marcia M. Gallo (2005).
645:British Film Institute.
340:Just Take Your Frock Off
280:Sexual Offences Act 1967
268:Why Should I be Dismayed
1164:Homophile Action League
1144:Columbia Queer Alliance
1056:Gardiner, Jill (2003).
748:"'Daughters of Bilitis"
480:. Pandora. p. 97.
437:Hall–Carpenter Archives
181:women became excluded.
1526:Fun Lounge police raid
932:Gardner, Jill (2003).
532:Jill Gardiner (2003).
476:Jill Gardiner (2003).
170:
1492:Pullman porter affair
166:
1643:Oscar Wilde Bookshop
1587:Athletic Model Guild
1486:Harvard Secret Court
1272:Daughters of Bilitis
1174:Knights of the Clock
1154:Daughters of Bilitis
754:on 27 September 2007
301:Gay Liberation Front
262:, released in 1971.
194:Daughters of Bilitis
1512:Cooper Do-nuts Riot
1505:One, Inc. v. Olesen
1480:Newport sex scandal
1391:Richard L. Schlegel
859:. Faber and Faber.
657:on 12 February 2009
112:The Daily Telegraph
66:MRG was founded by
1622:Henry Gerber House
1607:Homophile movement
1341:Charles Henri Ford
1224:Mattachine Society
1179:Mattachine Society
1079:. Ourstory Books.
347:Reference articles
171:
1666:
1665:
1060:. Pandora Press.
514:Twentieth Century
487:978-0-86358-428-2
237:Brighton Ourstory
133:News of the World
34:Twentieth Century
1716:
1617:Julius (NYC bar)
1597:Black Cat Tavern
1498:Hazel's Inn raid
1356:Aristide Laurent
1285:Barbara Gittings
1118:
1111:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1071:
1052:
1024:
1023:
1005:
999:
998:
980:
974:
973:
971:
969:
954:
948:
947:
929:
923:
922:
920:
918:
913:on 12 March 2007
909:. Archived from
902:
896:
895:
893:
891:
886:on 12 March 2007
882:. Archived from
875:
869:
868:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
827:
821:
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
789:
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764:
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743:
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727:
721:
711:
705:
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689:
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673:
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664:
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653:. Archived from
642:
636:
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589:
583:
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118:The Sunday Times
1724:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1709:Research groups
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1627:LGBTQ movements
1575:
1570:The Homosexuals
1549:
1532:Annual Reminder
1468:
1415:
1314:
1266:
1218:
1132:
1129:Stonewall riots
1122:
1087:
1068:
1049:
1033:
1031:Further reading
1028:
1027:
1020:
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1002:
995:
981:
977:
967:
965:
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944:
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916:
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555:
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467:
455:
451:
431:Beckett, Elsa.
430:
426:
414:
405:
400:
377:
372:
370:
367:
349:
309:
307:Notable members
276:
245:
207:
161:
88:
64:
12:
11:
5:
1722:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
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1467:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1411:H. Lynn Womack
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
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1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1237:Rudi Gernreich
1234:
1228:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
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1176:
1171:
1166:
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1120:
1113:
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1098:
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1091:
1085:
1072:
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975:
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822:
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738:
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684:
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584:
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519:
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486:
465:
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396:
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389:
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366:
363:
348:
345:
344:
343:
336:
322:
313:Jackie Forster
308:
305:
275:
272:
244:
241:
233:Jackie Forster
206:
201:
175:Carnaby Street
160:
159:Group politics
157:
87:
84:
63:
60:
30:United Kingdom
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1721:
1710:
1707:
1705:
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1700:
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1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:DOB Australia
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:Black Cat Bar
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:Julius sip-in
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:
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1424:
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1418:
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1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Craig Rodwell
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1331:Reed Erickson
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:Barbara Grier
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:Dale Jennings
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1215:
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1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Janus Society
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:Organizations
1135:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1088:
1086:0-9535880-0-9
1082:
1078:
1073:
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649:This Week
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