Moksha - Knowledge

4716:, begins with questions such as why is man born? what is the primal cause behind the universe? what causes joy and sorrow in life? It then examines the various theories, that were then existing, about saṃsāra and release from bondage. Svetasvatara claims that bondage results from ignorance, illusion or delusion; deliverance comes from knowledge. The Supreme Being dwells in every being, he is the primal cause, he is the eternal law, he is the essence of everything, he is nature, he is not a separate entity. Liberation comes to those who know Supreme Being is present as the Universal Spirit and Principle, just as they know butter is present in milk. Such realization, claims Svetasvatara, come from self-knowledge and self-discipline; and this knowledge and realization is liberation from transmigration, the final goal of the Upanishad. 5326: 13465: 5314: 5190:. These discussions show the differences between the schools of Hinduism, a lack of consensus, with a few attempting to conflate the contrasting perspectives between various schools. For example, freedom and deliverance from birth-rebirth, argues Maitrayana Upanishad, comes neither from the Vedanta school's doctrine (the knowledge of one's own Self as the Supreme Soul) nor from the Samkhya school's doctrine (distinction of the Purusha from what one is not), but from Vedic studies, observance of the 5338: 4725: 8230:* Spiro: "The Buddhist message then, as I have said, is not simply a psychological message, i.e. that desire is the cause of suffering because unsatisfied desire produces frustration. It does contain such a message to be sure; but more importantly it is an eschatological message. Desire is the cause of suffering because desire is the cause of rebirth; and the extinction of desire leads to deliverance from suffering because it signals release from the Wheel of Rebirth." 5796: 6524: 8236:) or nirvana, represented the ultimate aim of Buddhist practice in the Abhidharma traditions: the state free from the conditions that created samsara. Nirvana was the ultimate and final state attained when the supramundane yogic path had been completed. It represented salvation from samsara precisely because it was understood to comprise a state of complete freedom from the chain of samsaric causes and conditions, i.e., precisely because it was unconditioned ( 4360: 14771: 11344: 7961: 7063: 14781: 14760: 11651: 4901: 6377: 13211: 14791: 5242:, they are systems of salvific liberation and release. Sāmkhya is a system of interpretation, primarily a theory about the world. Yoga is both a theory and a practice. Yoga gained wide acceptance in ancient India, its ideas and practices became part of many religious schools in Hinduism, including those that were very different from Sāmkhya. The eight limbs of yoga can be interpreted as a way to liberation ( 3858: 13203: 7298: 8109: 11493: 11456: 545: 8242:* Walpola Rahula: "Let us consider a few definitions and descriptions of Nirvana as found in the original Pali texts 'It is the complete cessation of that very thirst (tanha), giving it up, renouncing it, emancipation from it, detachment from it.' 'The abandoning and destruction of craving for these Five Aggregates of Attachment: that is the cessation of 10699:"This general scheme remained basic to later Hinduism, to Jainism, and to Buddhism. Eternal salvation, to use the Christian term, is not conceived of as world without end; we have already got that, called samsara, the world of rebirth and redeath: that is the problem, not the solution. The ultimate aim is the timeless state of 4267:(demerit, sin) as human beings affected their afterlife. This question led to the conception of an afterlife where the person stayed in heaven or hell, in proportion to their merit or demerit, then returned to earth and were reborn, the cycle continuing indefinitely. The rebirth idea ultimately flowered into the ideas of 5468:(critical thinking). This is because a guru can help one develop knowledge of maya (the illusionary nature of the world), a critical step on the path to moksha. Shankara cautions that the guru and historic knowledge may be distorted, so traditions and historical assumptions must be questioned by the individual seeking 5007:

created the third historical path, where neither rituals nor meditative self-development were the way, rather it was inspired by constant love and contemplation of God, which over time results in a perfect union with God. Some Bhakti schools evolved their ideas where God became the means and the end,

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is unworldly understanding, a state of bliss. "How can the worldly thought-process lead to unworldly understanding?", asked Nagarjuna. Karl Potter explains the answer to this challenge as one of context and framework, the emergence of broader general principles of understanding from thought processes

10319: 4516:, suggests Shankara, is a final perfect, blissful state where there can be no change, where there can be no plurality of states. It has to be a state of thought and consciousness that excludes action. He questioned: "How can action-oriented techniques by which we attain the first three goals of man ( 4238:

and other terms in various Indian religious traditions. A desire for the release from pain and suffering seems to lie at the root of striving for moksha, and it is commonly believed that moksha is an otherwordly reality, only achievable at the end of life, not during. However there is also a notion

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originated with religious movements in the first millennium BCE. These movements such as Buddhism, Jainism and new schools within Hinduism, saw human life as bondage to a repeated process of rebirth. This bondage to repeated rebirth and life, each life subject to injury, disease and aging, was seen

4323:, implies a setting-free of hitherto fettered faculties, a removing of obstacles to an unrestricted life, permitting a person to be more truly a person in the full sense; the concept presumes an unused human potential of creativity, compassion and understanding which had been blocked and shut out. 10591:

see also Sandilya Upanishad for ahimsa and other virtues; Quote: "तत्र हिंसा नाम मनोवाक्कायकर्मभिः सर्वभूतेषु सर्वदा क्लेशजननम्"; Aiyar translates this as: He practices Ahimsa – no injury or harm to any living being at any time through actions of his body, his speech or in his mind; K.N. Aiyar

6495:. Such descriptions, states Peter Harvey, are contested by scholars because nirvana in Buddhism is ultimately described as a state of "stopped consciousness (blown out), but one that is not non-existent", and "it seems impossible to imagine what awareness devoid of any object would be like". 5036:

are sometimes used synonymously, because they all refer to the state that liberates a person from all causes of sorrow and suffering. However, in modern era literature, these concepts have different premises in different religions. Nirvana, a concept common in Buddhism, is accompanied by the

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differently from the Advaita tradition. To Ramanuja, avidya is a focus on the self, and vidya is a focus on a loving god. The Vishistadvaita school argues that other schools of Hinduism create a false sense of agency in individuals, which makes the individual think oneself as potential or

4604:, so constantly that one comes to feel one cannot live without God's loving presence. This school emphasized love and adoration of God as the path to "moksha" (salvation and release), rather than works and knowledge. Their focus became divine virtues, rather than anthropocentric virtues. 5719:

He doesn't care about or wear ṣikha (tuft of hair on the back of head for religious reasons), nor the holy thread across his body. To him, knowledge is sikha, knowledge is the holy thread, knowledge alone is supreme. Outer appearances and rituals do not matter to him, only knowledge

4370:. The elephant Gajendra enters a lake where a crocodile (Huhu) clutches his leg and becomes his suffering. Despite his pain, Gajendra constantly remembers Vishnu, who then liberates him. Gajendra symbolically represents human beings, Huhu represents sins, and the lake is saṃsāra. 5045:, a concept common in many schools of Hinduism, is acceptance of Self (soul), realization of liberating knowledge, the consciousness of Oneness with Brahman, all existence and understanding the whole universe as the Self. Nirvana starts with the premise that there is no Self, 5693:

from samsara after death). Jivanmukti is a state that transforms the nature, attributes and behaviors of an individual, claim these ancient texts of Hindu philosophy. For example, according to Naradaparivrajaka Upanishad, the liberated individual shows attributes such as:

8486:

means release from the bonds of earthly desires, delusion, suffering, and transmigration. While Buddhism sets forth various kinds and stages of emancipation, or enlightenment, the supreme emancipation is nirvana, a state of perfect quietude, freedom, and deliverance. See

9109:"Atman as the innermost essence or soul of man, and Brahman as the innermost essence and support of the universe. (...) Thus we can see in the Upanishads, a tendency towards a convergence of microcosm and macrocosm, culminating in the equating of atman with Brahman". 8228:* Graham Harvey: "The Third Noble Truth is nirvana. The Buddha tells us that an end to suffering is possible, and it is nirvana. Nirvana is a "blowing out," just as a candle flame is wxtinguished in the wind, from our lives in samsara. It connotes an end to rebirth" 8984:

Roeser, R.W. (2005), An introduction to Hindu Indiaís contemplative psychological perspectives on motivation, self, and development, in M.L. Maehr & S. Karabenick (Eds.), Advances in Motivation and Achievement, Volume 14: Religion and Motivation. Elsevier, pp.

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Yoga Sutra of Patanjali; For secondary peer reviewed source, see: Jeffrey Gold, Plato in the Light of Yoga, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Jan., 1996), pp. 17–32; A. Sharma, The Realization of Kaivalya, in Explorations in Australian Literature,

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slough off, one's illusions decay, and truth is lived. Both the worshiped and worshiper gradually lose their illusory sense of separation and only One beyond all names remains. This is salvation to dualist schools of Hinduism. Dvaita Vedanta emphasizes

8012:: ਮੁਕਤੀ) is similar to other Indian religions, and refers to spiritual liberation. It is described in Sikhism as the state that breaks the cycle of rebirths. Mukti is obtained according to Sikhism, states Singha, through "God's grace". According to the 5060:, rather than nirvana, is found in some schools of Hinduism such as the Yoga school. Kaivalya is the realization of aloofness with liberating knowledge of one's self and disentanglement from the muddled mind and cognitive apparatus. For example, 5301:). Detachment means withdrawal from outer world and calming of mind, while practice means the application of effort over time. Such steps are claimed by Yoga school as leading to samādhi, a state of deep awareness, release and bliss called 9089:: "Advaita and nirguni movements, on the other hand, stress an interior mysticism in which the devotee seeks to discover the identity of individual soul (atman) with the universal ground of being (brahman) or to find god within himself".; 5221:

is a continuous event, one assisted by loving devotion to God, that extends from this life to post-mortem. Beyond these six orthodox schools, some heterodox schools of Hindu tradition, such as Carvaka, deny there is a soul or after life

4893:, seem traceable to yogis in Hinduism, with long hair, who chose to live on the fringes of society, given to self-induced states of intoxication and ecstasy, possibly accepted as medicine-men and "sadhus" by ancient Indian society. 4508:, a state of freedom and release one hopes for. Unlike Nagarjuna, Shankara considers the characteristics between the two. The world one lives in requires action as well as thought; our world, he suggests, is impossible without 4145:). Some Indian traditions have emphasized liberation on concrete, ethical action within the world. This liberation is an epistemological transformation that permits one to see the truth and reality behind the fog of ignorance. 5730:

When a Jivanmukta dies he achieves Paramukti and becomes a Paramukta. Jivanmukta experience liberation while alive and also after death i.e., after becoming paramukta, while Videhmukta experiences liberation only after death.

5456:, that is desire of liberation. This takes the form of questions about self, what is true, why do things or events make us happy or cause suffering, and so on. This longing for liberating knowledge is assisted by, claims 6489:, highest happiness, bliss, fearless, freedom, dukkha-less, permanence, non-dependent origination, unfathomable, indescribable. It has also been described as a state of release marked by "emptiness" and realization of 8380:

John Tomer (2002), Human well-being: a new approach based on overall and ordinary functionings, Review of Social Economy, 60(1), pp 23–45; Quote – "The ultimate aim of Hindus is self-liberation or self-realization

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One of three qualities or habits of an individual; sattvam represents spiritual purity; sattvic people, claims Samkhya school, are those who see world's welfare as a spiritual principle. See cited Ingalls

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doctrine of Buddhism, which plays an essential role in Theravada Buddhism. Nirvana has been described in Buddhist texts in a manner similar to other Indian religions, as the state of complete liberation,

8529:, pp 89; Quote – "In different philosophical systems moksa appears in different names, such as apavarga, nihsreyasa, nirvana, kaivalya, mukti, etc. These concepts differ from one another in detail." 6461:

With release comes Nirvana (Pali: Nibbana), "blowing out", "quenching", or "becoming extinguished" of the fires of the passions and of self-view. It is a "timeless state" in which there is no more

10387: 4870:, the Mimamsa school of Hinduism considered the concept of heaven as sufficient to answer the question: what lay beyond this world after death. Other schools of Hinduism, over time, accepted the 10350: 4737:, is sometimes depicted alongside a swan, which is a symbol of spiritual perfection, liberation and moksha. The symbolism of Sarasvati and the swan is that knowledge and moksha go together. 5610:

as the loving, eternal union with God and considered the highest perfection of existence. Dvaita schools suggest every soul encounters liberation differently. Dualist traditions (e.g.

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on the other hand, starts with the premise that everything is the Self; there is no consciousness in the state of nirvana, but everything is One unified consciousness in the state of

4927:– the fire deity. The significance of these rituals was to reproduce and recite the cosmic-creation event described in the Vedas; the description of knowledge on different levels – 5723:

For him there is no invocation nor dismissal of deities, no mantra nor non-mantra, no prostrations nor worship of gods, goddess or ancestors, nothing other than knowledge of Self;

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curiosities. Over time, the ancient scholars observed that people vary in the quality of virtuous or sinful life they lead, and began questioning how differences in each person's

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to these early concept-developers, was the abandonment of the established order, not in favor of anarchy, but in favor of self-realization, to achieve release from this world.

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is related to the development of insight. According to Gombrich, the distinction may be a later development, which resulted in a change of doctrine, regarding the practice of

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results from a life that is lived absent-mindedly, with impurity, with neither the use of intelligence nor self-examination, where neither mind nor senses are guided by one's

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schools of Hinduism, is devoted to the worship of God, sings his name, anoints his image or idol, and has many sub-schools. Vaishnavas (followers of Vaishnavism) suggest that

5716:

He is as comfortable with a bowl, at the foot of a tree in tattered robe without help, as when he is in a mithuna (union of mendicants), grama (village) and nagara (city);

4701:) who dwells in all beings. Kathaka Upanishad asserts knowledge liberates, knowledge is freedom. Kathaka Upanishad also explains the role of yoga in personal liberation, 7220:

tradition of Jainism, women must live an ethical life and gain karmic merit to be reborn as a man, because only males can achieve spiritual liberation. In contrast, the

8951:

R.K. Tripathi (1982), Advaita Vedanta and Neoplatonism, in "Neoplatonism and Indian thought", Ed: R.B. Harris, Albany, NY, pp 237; also see pp 294–297 by Albert Wolters

4771:, meaning "essence of self". After the prayer verses, the Upanishad inquires about the secret to freedom and liberation (mukti). Sarasvati's reply in the Upanishad is: 10263:

D. Datta (1888), Moksha, or the Vedántic Release, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, New Series, Vol. 20, No. 4 (Oct., 1888), pp. 516

5486:, which literally means "Crown Jewel of Discriminatory Reasoning", is a book devoted to moksa in Vedanta philosophy. It explains what behaviors and pursuits lead to 10442:

Betty, Stafford. "Dvaita, Advaita, And Viśiṣṭadvaita: Contrasting Views Of Mokṣa." Asian Philosophy 20.2 (2010): 215–224. Academic Search Elite. Web. 24 Sept. 2012.

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R Sinari (1982), The concept of human estrangement in plotinism and Shankara Vedanta, in "Neoplatonism and Indian thought", Ed: R.B. Harris, Albany, NY, pp 243–255

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Balinese Hindus spell words slightly differently from Indian Hindus; tattva in India is spelled tattwa in Bali, nirvana in India is spelled nirwana in Bali, etc.

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or Atman, or pointed at as Nirvana, but described in a very different way. Some scholars, states Jayatilleke, assert that the Nirvana of Buddhism is same as the

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in the 2nd century, cannot be goals on the same journey. He pointed to the differences between the world we live in, and the freedom implied in the concept of

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developed in ancient India. Patrick Olivelle suggests these ideas likely originated with new religious movements in the first millennium BCE. The concepts of

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of Hinduism, starts out with prayers to Goddess Sarasvati. She is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, learning and creative arts; her name is a compound word of

8518:

Loy, David (1982), Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta: Are Nirvana and Moksha the Same?, International Philosophical Quarterly, 23 (1), pp 65–74;

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He is humble, high-spirited, of clear and steady mind, straightforward, compassionate, patient, indifferent, courageous, speaks firmly and with sweet words.

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N.S.S. Raman (2009), Ethics in Bhakti Philosophical Literature, in R. Prasad – A Historical-developmental Study of Classical Indian Philosophy of Morals,

9628:

David Loy (1982), Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta: Are Nirvana and Moksha the Same?, International Philosophical Quarterly, 23(1), pp 65–74

4512:(action and plurality). The world is interconnected, one object works on another, input is transformed into output, change is continuous and everywhere. 10395: 8776:

Simon Brodbeck (2011), Sanskrit Epics: The Ramayana, Mahabharata and Harivamsa, in Jessica Frazier (Editor) – The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies,

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Karl Potter (2008), The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Advaita Vedānta Up to Śaṃkara and His Pupils, Volume 3, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, pp 213

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D. Bhawuk (2011), Spirituality and Cultural Psychology, in Anthony Marsella (Series Editor), International and Cultural Psychology, Springer New York,

58: 10358: 10042:, Transl: M.L. Sandal (1923), Chapter II, Pada I and Chapter VI, Pada I through VIII; Also see Klaus Klostermaier, A Survey of Hinduism, 3rd Edition, 5480:, are quintessentially free individuals, without craving for anything in the worldly life, thus are neither dominated by, nor dominating anyone else. 4596:

cannot be two different or sequential goals or states of life. Instead, they suggest God should be kept in mind constantly to simultaneously achieve

10062:

Miller, A. T. (2013), A review of "An Introduction to Indian Philosophy: Perspectives on Reality, Knowledge, and Freedom", Religion, 43(1), 119–123.

9027: 5583:. True knowledge is a direct, permanent realization that the Atman and Brahman are one. This realization instantly removes ignorance and leads to 4946:

By the middle to late Upanishadic period, the emphasis shifted to knowledge, and ritual activities were considered irrelevant to the attainment of

9344: 7255:(Correct Asceticism) as a fourth jewel, emphasizing belief in ascetic practices as the means to liberation (moksha). The four jewels are called 4313:

as transcendental consciousness, the perfect state of being, of self-realization, of freedom and of "realizing the whole universe as the Self".

5858: 11366: 4823:. In Vedic literature, there are three modes of experience: waking, dream and deep sleep. The Upanishadic era expanded these modes to include 9291: 10418: 9303: 8919:

Karl Potter, Dharma and Mokṣa from a Conversational Point of View, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 8, No. 1/2 (Apr. – Jul., 1958), pp. 49–63

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Karl Potter, Dharma and Mokṣa from a Conversational Point of View, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 8, No. 1/2 (Apr. – Jul., 1958), pp. 49–63

5677:(self-realized person). Dozens of Upanishads, including those from middle Upanishadic period, mention or describe the state of liberation, 8671:

S. R. Bhatt (1976), The Concept of Moksha—An Analysis, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 36, No. 4 (Jun., 1976), pp. 564–570;

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of life: studentship, householdship and retirement. During the Upanishadic era, Hinduism expanded this to include a fourth stage of life:

12799: 11952: 11682: 5379:, the way of contemplation and meditation. These mārgas are part of different schools in Hinduism, and their definition and methods to 488: 5277:– that is, ignorance or misleading/incorrect knowledge about one self and the universe. It seeks to end ordinary reflexive awareness ( 7991: 593: 12894: 9571:

A. Sharma, The realization of Kaivalya in the Poetry of Les A Murray: An Indian Perspective, Explorations in Australian Literature,

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Many verses from Vivekachudamani expound on “Tat tvam asi” phrase such as the verse above. For other verses, and translation, see:

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David White (1960), Moksa as value and experience, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 9, No. 3/4 (Oct., 1959 – Jan., 1960), pp. 145–161

8361:

Jorge Ferrer, Transpersonal knowledge, in Transpersonal Knowing: Exploring the Horizon of Consciousness (editors: Hart et al.),

4667:, a middle Upanishadic-era script dated to the second half of the first millennium BCE, is among the earliest expositions about 2765: 1356: 8497: 8269: 10495:

Norman E. Thomas (April 1988), Liberation for Life: A Hindu Liberation Philosophy, Missiology, Volume 16, Number 2, pp 149–160

15829: 15349: 13192: 13159: 11871: 11540: 11517: 11484: 11416: 11397: 11288: 11173: 11121: 11091: 10955: 10928: 10901: 10874: 10847: 10820: 10733: 10688: 10652: 10544: 10489: 10282: 10181: 10107: 10088: 10047: 10010: 9994: 9949: 9922: 9895: 9868: 9838: 9805: 9778: 9751: 9698: 9676: 9654: 9479: 9458: 8781: 8562: 5667:

Among the Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta schools of Hinduism, liberation and freedom reached within one's life is referred to as

15834: 8726: 2644: 15859: 14827: 11813: 5698:

He is not bothered by disrespect and endures cruel words, treats others with respect regardless of how others treat him;

4815:, represented one of the many expansions in Hindu Vedic ideas of life and the afterlife. In the Vedas, there were three 11598: 11579: 11354: 11312: 11148: 11028: 10567: 10456: 10214: 10065:

Snell, M. M. (1894). Hinduism's Points of Contact with Christianity. IV. Salvation. The Biblical World, 4(2), pp 98–113

9974: 9727: 9576: 9529: 9499: 9416: 9359: 9324: 9277: 9262: 9235: 9214: 9193: 9172: 9151: 9122: 9102: 9059: 9043: 9013: 8704: 8679: 8604: 8545: 8526: 8460: 8449: 8366: 8355: 8307: 7183:, because they can perform physical and mental activities such as teach, without accruing karma that leads to rebirth. 6407: 5853: 5810: 5659:(God). Mukti, to Vishistadvaita school, is release from such avidya, towards the intuition and eternal union with God. 4571:) with a blissful state that has no need for values. Shankara goes on to suggest that anthropocentric virtues suffice. 3888: 13856: 4390:, in the epics and ancient literature of Hinduism, is seen as achievable by the same techniques necessary to practice 3521: 10578: 10170: 10156: 10136: 9603: 9431: 9389: 8821: 8761: 8416: 8398: 8344: 8148: 7093: 7047: 6548: 5012:; the fruit of bhakti is bhakti itself. In the history of Indian religious traditions, additional ideas and paths to 14688: 5655:

self-realized god. Such ideas, claims Ramanuja, decay to materialism, hedonism and self worship. Individuals forget

15037: 9520:

Klaus Klostermaier (1986), "Contemporary conceptions among North Indian Vaishnavas", in Ronald Neufeldt (Editor) –

5217:

is possible in this life, while Dvaita, Visistadvaita, Shuddhadvait sub-schools of Vedanta tradition believes that

12360: 8119: 6874: 5105:, and the metaphysical ideas about soul (atman) are also rejected by Buddhism, while those ideas are essential to 4989:

Not by ablutions, not by making donations, nor by performing hundreds of breath control exercises. || Verse 13 ||

14676: 14207: 11945: 11675: 9082: 8898:

Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Dharma and Moksha, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. – Jul., 1957), pp. 45–46

8874:

Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Dharma and Moksha, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. – Jul., 1957), pp. 41–48

8807:

J. A. B. Van Buitenen, Dharma and Moksa, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. – Jul., 1957), pp. 33–40

8787:

J. A. B. Van Buitenen, Dharma and Moksa, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. – Jul., 1957), pp. 33–40

8358:, pp 89–102; Quote – "Moksa means freedom"; "Moksa is founded on atmajnana, which is the knowledge of the self."; 5767:, in Balinese Hindu belief, is the possibility of unity with the divine; it is sometimes referred to as nirwana. 2674: 1510: 12000: 10593: 10556: 10511: 9559: 9506: 8945:

Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Dharma and Moksha, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. – Jul., 1957), pp 41–48

8711: 7198:

state of soul is entered after an intentional and shockingly evil act, but Jaina texts also polemically applied

15849: 15723: 14794: 14505: 12292: 11634: 10991: 8857:

Klaus Klostermaier, Mokṣa and Critical Theory, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Jan., 1985), pp. 61–71

8842:

Klaus Klostermaier, Mokṣa and Critical Theory, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Jan., 1985), pp. 61–71

5363:(meaning "way" or "path"), in Hinduism is widely classified into four spiritual approaches. The first mārga is 5186:

can be achieved in this life, or only after this life. Many of the 108 Upanishads discuss amongst other things

5175:

of Hinduism. There is difference between these ideas, as explained elsewhere in this article, but they are all

630: 440: 15337: 10527: 8933:

Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Dharma and Moksha, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. – Jul., 1957), pp. 47

8910:

Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Dharma and Moksha, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. – Jul., 1957), pp. 46

5261:. Like many schools of Hinduism, in Sāmkhya and Yoga schools, the emphasis is on the attainment of knowledge, 15447: 15060: 14634: 12994: 7984: 6336: 6031: 2103: 15442: 8816:

E. Deutsch, The self in Advaita Vedanta, in Roy Perrett (Editor), Indian philosophy: metaphysics, Volume 3,

8339:

E. Deutsch, The self in Advaita Vedanta, in Roy Perrett (Editor), Indian philosophy: metaphysics, Volume 3,

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According to Jainism, purification of soul and liberation can be achieved through the path of three jewels:

7212:, with the potential to achieve liberation, particularly through asceticism. The ability of women to attain 4858:

for centuries, considering it irrelevant. The Mimamsa school, for example, denied the goal and relevance of

14683: 13094: 12693: 6281: 6056: 6016: 2654: 2594: 579: 11655: 10122:

Jeffrey Gold, Plato in the Light of Yoga, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Jan., 1996), pp. 20–27

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M. von Brück (1986), Imitation or Identification?, Indian Theological Studies, Vol. 23, Issue 2, pp 95–105

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in the 8th century AD, like Nagarjuna earlier, examined the difference between the world one lives in and

1202: 15778: 14926: 14698: 10304: 7870: 7157:. Jaina believe that this soul is what transmigrates from one being to another at the time of death. The 4624:

dominated the initial impressions and colonial-era literature on Hinduism, through the works of Thibaut,

3824: 3715: 2325: 15839: 12573: 10039: 9718: 8423: 15703: 15027: 14725: 14217: 13794: 13250: 13223: 12663: 12558: 11938: 11856: 11769: 11668: 3843: 3514: 3418: 2365: 2039: 1724: 1036: 358: 12518: 10615: 5701:

When confronted by an angry person he does not return anger, instead replies with soft and kind words;

5494:. The four essential conditions, according to Vivekachudamani, before one can commence on the path of 4683:

and what leads to liberation. Naciketa inquires: what causes sorrow? Yama explains that suffering and

4247:, although this is still reliant on personal and spiritual endeavours attributed to attaining moksha. 4062:

differ and mean different states between various schools of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. The term

2360: 15032: 15022: 14745: 13671: 13185: 12839: 12425: 11995: 11792: 8209:): "consciousness", "true consciousness", "to be consciousness of", "to understand", "to comprehend". 7572: 6909: 6827: 6799: 6156: 4812: 4605: 4375: 3820: 3466: 2584: 2320: 613: 598: 13324: 6475: 5966: 1266: 15685: 15315: 14956: 14539: 14197: 14121: 13827: 13609: 13584: 12479: 12462: 12059: 8126: 7977: 7880: 7813: 7042: 6161: 6111: 5079: 4649: 3376: 3369: 3348: 3057: 2947: 2919: 2649: 1544: 1331: 13359: 12523: 7169: 6628: 4969:

principles were accepted in many other schools of Hinduism, albeit with differences. For example,

4943:– helped the individual transcend to moksa. Knowledge was the means, the ritual its application. 4923:

was ritualistic. Mokṣa was claimed to result from properly completed rituals such as those before

1306: 1222: 15864: 14820: 14375: 14235: 13906: 13446: 13389: 12739: 12719: 12409: 12101: 8049:

I have come, helpless, to Your Door, O Lord Master; I am exhausted – I seek the Sanctuary of the

7818: 7738: 7689: 7654: 7640: 6321: 5182:

The six major orthodox schools of Hinduism have had a historic debate, and disagree over whether

3591: 2804: 2709: 2634: 1820: 1742: 635: 603: 20: 14270: 8981:

Klaus Klostermaier (1985), Mokṣa and Critical Theory, Philosophy East and West, 35 (1), pp 61–71

8190: 5710:

He never injures or harms any life or being (ahimsa), he is intent in the welfare of all beings;

5391:

s need not lead to all forms of moksha, according to some schools of Hinduism. For example, the

4612:

as similar to the Christian position on salvation, and Vaishnavism as the school whose views on

1782: 15596: 14892: 14718: 14671: 13881: 13604: 13019: 12984: 12420: 12145: 11902: 9038:

John Bowker (2000), The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Oxford University Press,

7905: 6949: 6400: 6136: 6121: 6101: 6026: 6021: 5936: 5843: 4709: 4653: 3881: 3790: 3720: 3556: 3185: 2954: 2614: 1520: 1197: 13170: 12436: 11111: 10562:

S. Nikhilananda (1958), Hinduism : Its meaning for the liberation of the spirit, Harper,

10131:

R. Sinari, The way toward Moksa, in Murty et al. (Editors) – Freedom, Progress & Society,

10102:

Knut Jacobsen (2011), in Jessica Frazier (Editor), The Bloomsbury companion to Hindu studies,

9825:

Buddhism in Life: The Anthropological Study of Religion and the Sinhalese Practice of Buddhism

5325: 4644:. The proto-concept that first appears in the ancient Sanskrit verses and early Upanishads is 15419: 15257: 14740: 14693: 14666: 14629: 13886: 12197: 11861: 11081: 10725: 10506:

See for example Muktika Upanishad, Varaha Upanishad, Adhyatma Upanishad, Sandilya Upanishad,

10151:

John Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Rosen Publishing New York,

9830: 8059:, I have met my Enticing Lord God; my mind is cooled and soothed – it blossoms forth in joy. 7828: 7823: 7086: 6341: 6331: 6286: 4890: 4294: 3830: 3808: 3698: 3563: 3136: 2744: 2624: 2032: 2018: 1186: 14202: 10209:

Eliot Deutsch, Advaita Vedanta: A philosophical reconstruction, University of Hawaii Press,

5502:(discrimination, critical reasoning) between everlasting principles and fleeting world; (2) 5205:, each for their own reasons: the Nyaya, Vaisesika and Mimamsa schools of Hinduism consider 4961:

and meditation, with hierarchical creation of the ultimate knowledge in self as the path to

1181: 15651: 14864: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14624: 14101: 13594: 13579: 13231: 13178: 12583: 8657: 7935: 7910: 7900: 7875: 7783: 6351: 6311: 6306: 6271: 6116: 5996: 5904: 5889: 5833: 5805: 4958: 3816: 3812: 3804: 3693: 3355: 2933: 2903: 2734: 2639: 2535: 2270: 2164: 516: 15342: 12239: 9714: 9133:(soul) and Brahman, Hinduism treats Sakyamuni Buddha as one of the ten avatars of Vishnu." 8575: 8: 15758: 15310: 14845: 14763: 14730: 14609: 14500: 14435: 14285: 14144: 14024: 13896: 13724: 13661: 13614: 12929: 12869: 12643: 12217: 12141: 11975: 11892: 11887: 11532: 10507: 8393:

A. Sharma (1982), The Puruṣārthas: a study in Hindu axiology, Michigan State University,

8201: 7945: 7895: 7885: 7327: 7216:

has been historically debated, and the subtraditions with Jainism have disagreed. In the

6992: 6543: 6361: 6316: 6254: 6194: 6131: 6076: 6071: 5826: 5815: 5515: 5239: 3848: 3741: 3577: 3108: 2970: 2714: 2604: 2589: 2495: 2435: 2400: 1885: 1797: 1416: 1075: 686: 588: 559: 502: 13413: 13273: 12804: 12538: 12064: 10165:

Feuerstein, Georg (2003), The deeper dimension of yoga: Theory and practice, Shambhala,

7251:(Correct Conduct), meaning behavior consistent with the Five vows. Jain texts often add 5133:

Ancient literature of different schools of Hinduism sometimes use different phrases for

4689: 4013:(pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment). Together, these four concepts are called 1986: 1176: 15854: 15528: 15143: 15125: 15074: 14813: 14565: 14524: 13816: 13629: 13574: 12443: 12254: 12084: 7649: 7616: 7322: 7317: 6538: 6455: 6425: 6346: 6326: 6266: 6261: 6149: 6051: 6044: 5971: 5961: 5868: 5614:) see God as the object of love, for example, a personified monotheistic conception of 5477: 5349:

Three of four paths of spirituality in Hinduism. Each path suggests a different way to

5257:, the principle of consciousness, as independent from mind and body, as different from 4693:(soul, self). Liberation comes from a life lived with inner purity, alert mind, led by 4320: 3770: 3756: 3475: 3000: 2896: 2724: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2300: 2066: 1937: 1549: 1435: 13789: 13764: 12784: 12454: 12287: 10573:

Andrew Fort (1998), Jivanmukti in Transformation, State University of New York Press,

8557:

Knut Jacobsen, in The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies (Editor: Jessica Frazier),

8401:, pp 9–12; See review by Frank Whaling in Numen, Vol. 31, 1 (Jul., 1984), pp. 140–142; 7221: 7163: 5101:

in Hinduism, a view other scholars and he disagree with. Buddhism rejects the idea of

4782:

Seeing that reflection I wish myself you, an individual soul, as if I could be finite!

15788: 15500: 15399: 15300: 15276: 15093: 15004: 14780: 14774: 14654: 14644: 14510: 14445: 13838: 13779: 13634: 13624: 12834: 12814: 12769: 12638: 12415: 12391: 12384: 11961: 11841: 11630: 11627:

Moksha: Aldous Huxley's Classic Writings on Psychedelics and the Visionary Experience

11594: 11575: 11536: 11513: 11480: 11412: 11393: 11308: 11284: 11169: 11144: 11117: 11087: 11024: 10987: 10951: 10924: 10897: 10870: 10843: 10816: 10729: 10718: 10684: 10648: 10574: 10563: 10540: 10485: 10452: 10278: 10210: 10177: 10166: 10152: 10132: 10103: 10084: 10043: 10006: 9990: 9970: 9969:

A. Sharma (2000), Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction, Oxford University Press,

9945: 9918: 9891: 9864: 9834: 9801: 9774: 9747: 9723: 9694: 9672: 9650: 9599: 9572: 9525: 9495: 9475: 9454: 9427: 9412: 9385: 9355: 9320: 9273: 9258: 9231: 9210: 9189: 9168: 9147: 9118: 9098: 9078: 9055: 9039: 9009: 8817: 8777: 8757: 8700: 8675: 8674:

S.M.S. Chari (1994), Vaiṣṇavism: Its Philosophy, Theology, and Religious Discipline,

8600: 8558: 8541: 8522: 8456: 8455:

Karl H. Potter (2002), Presuppositions of India's Philosophies, Motilal Banarsidass,

8445: 8412: 8394: 8362: 8351: 8340: 8303: 8065: 8013: 7940: 7748: 7397: 7392: 7387: 6778: 6722: 6717: 6658: 6646: 6578: 6479: 6393: 6291: 6276: 6081: 5956: 5899: 5863: 5848: 5779: 5552: 5171:. Modern literature additionally uses the Buddhist term nirvana interchangeably with 4780:

My perfect consciousness shines your world, like a beautiful face in a soiled mirror,

4648:, which means "freed" or "released". In the middle and later Upanishads, such as the 3907: 3874: 3780: 3749: 3705: 3362: 3313: 3248: 3007: 2993: 2739: 2664: 2485: 2445: 2440: 2430: 2275: 1971: 1905: 1500: 1237: 528: 402: 336: 138: 72: 14245: 13295: 13099: 12134: 9823: 8540:

Peter Harvey (2013), An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices,

8488: 8281: 8025:

I desire neither worldly power nor liberation. I desire nothing but seeing the Lord.

7153: 6673: 4014: 3988:

is freedom from ignorance: self-realization, self-actualization and self-knowledge.

2345: 1757: 1044: 15623: 15452: 15437: 15320: 15214: 15194: 15085: 14515: 14425: 14316: 13916: 13911: 13876: 13851: 13737: 13694: 13381: 13241: 13039: 12673: 12608: 12396: 12330: 12259: 12040: 12032: 11919: 11909: 11818: 11755: 8649: 7915: 7842: 7684: 7489: 7459: 7382: 7281: 7107: 7079: 7002: 6987: 6977: 6881: 6608: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6507: 6356: 6301: 6231: 6221: 6086: 5392: 5383:. For example, the Advaita Vedanta school relies on Jñāna Yoga in its teachings of 4851: 4548: 4259: 3656: 3618: 3598: 3549: 3498: 3397: 3192: 3178: 3129: 3072: 2619: 2280: 2199: 1950: 1870: 1495: 921: 775: 672: 454: 376: 270: 204: 94: 15628: 13699: 12618: 11507: 10616:

Tattwa are the words of the world: Balinese narratives and creative transformation

10083:

Knut Jacobson, in Jessica Frazier (Editor), Continuum companion to Hindu studies,

5452:

The Vedantic school of Hinduism suggests the first step towards mokṣa begins with

5313: 5213:

as possible in this life. In the Vedanta school, the Advaita sub-school concludes

4778:

I am being, consciousness, bliss, eternal freedom: unsullied, unlimited, unending.

4402:

is self-discipline that is so perfect that it becomes unconscious, second nature.

4293:

release in eschatological sense in these ancient literature of Hinduism, suggests

4253:

ideas evolved in Hinduism. In earliest Vedic literature, heaven and hell sufficed

3034: 15844: 15824: 15376: 15325: 15244: 15234: 15186: 15103: 14784: 14649: 14602: 14584: 14534: 14468: 14450: 14393: 14343: 14162: 14066: 13939: 13901: 13871: 13709: 13599: 13438: 13431: 13278: 12989: 12859: 12734: 12633: 12309: 12227: 12202: 12124: 11470: 11138: 11018: 10945: 10918: 10891: 10864: 10837: 10810: 10678: 10642: 9939: 9912: 9885: 9858: 9795: 9768: 9741: 9688: 9666: 9644: 9446: 8501: 8215:आनन्द (noun): "bliss", "true bliss", "happiness", "joy", "delight", "pleasure" 8050: 7965: 7803: 7434: 7067: 6982: 6851: 6837: 6560: 6381: 6296: 6096: 6006: 5951: 5599:. Bliss, claims this school, is the fruit of knowledge (vidya) and work (karma). 5544: 5483: 5434: 5364: 5109:

in Hinduism. In Buddhism, nirvana is 'blowing out' or 'extinction'. In Hinduism,

4995: 4816: 4676: 4664: 4363: 4164: 4155:

Various schools of Hinduism also explain the concept as presence of the state of

3862: 3785: 3733: 3542: 3446: 3390: 3327: 3143: 3044: 2940: 2689: 2669: 2540: 2415: 2395: 2315: 2011: 1997: 1895: 1875: 1838: 1430: 1425: 1152: 1031: 995: 940: 935: 762: 428: 314: 226: 13364: 13079: 12150: 11362: 10468:

Abha Singh (October 2001), Social Philosophy of Ramanuja: its modern relevance,

9328: 8478:). Emancipation, release, or liberation. The Sanskrit words vimukti, mukti, and 8411:

Chris Bartley (2001), Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy, Editor: Oliver Learman,

8302:

John Bowker, The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Oxford University Press,

8125:

The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

5946: 5201:

The six major orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy offer the following views on

4547:, with one important difference: Plotinus accused the Gnostics of exchanging an 4151:

has been defined not merely as absence of suffering and release from bondage to

3995:

is a central concept and the utmost aim of human life; the other three aims are

1559: 1311: 1012: 15643: 15554: 15546: 15490: 15429: 15176: 15055: 14931: 14619: 14555: 14398: 13742: 13619: 13589: 13424: 13064: 13014: 13004: 12653: 12548: 12430: 12373: 12343: 12212: 11985: 9554:

For example, the Adhyatma Upanishad uses all three words nirvana, kaivalya and

9350:

John Taber, "The significance of Kumarila's Philosophy", in Roy Perrett (Ed) –

8185: 8130: 7762: 7454: 7449: 7424: 7372: 7312: 7202:

condition to those who belonged to a competing ancient Indian tradition called

6916: 6902: 6888: 6867: 6732: 6678: 6618: 6573: 6241: 6171: 6126: 5984: 5643: 5438: 4556: 3775: 3584: 3432: 3083: 2977: 2926: 2729: 2555: 2475: 2425: 2410: 2375: 2330: 2232: 2004: 1865: 1747: 1696: 1681: 1661: 1625: 1554: 1336: 1291: 1242: 1000: 625: 292: 13288: 13049: 12234: 12165: 8408:, The Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 27, No. 2 (Summer, 1999), pp. 223–256; 6895: 4127: 4121:

means freedom, liberation, but from what and how is where the schools differ.

4024:

is considered equivalent to and used interchangeably with other terms such as

3972: 1382: 1162: 1093: 608: 15818: 15803: 15773: 15409: 14946: 14907: 14897: 14735: 14639: 14418: 14192: 13930: 13821: 13732: 13666: 12513: 12486: 12349: 12336: 12323: 12277: 12222: 11851: 11836: 11784: 11497: 11460: 9404: 8441: 7725: 7715: 7534: 7519: 7494: 7469: 7357: 7297: 7179:. In Jainism, it is believed to be a stage beyond ethical perfection, states 7173:), is at the apex, is omniscient, remains there eternally, and is known as a 6762: 6727: 6692: 6533: 6066: 6061: 6001: 4759:. For example, Sarasvati Rahasya Upanishad, one of several Upanishads of the 4163:, the One Supreme Self), a state of knowledge, peace and bliss. For example, 3977: 3439: 3404: 3341: 3287: 3280: 3241: 3234: 3171: 3164: 3157: 3150: 3122: 3066: 2684: 2629: 2609: 2599: 2579: 2550: 2460: 2255: 2250: 2240: 2189: 2111: 2025: 1858: 1807: 1706: 1641: 1480: 1247: 701: 476: 248: 12091: 7669: 6860: 6206: 6011: 4625: 2420: 2184: 1392: 1387: 15295: 14974: 14951: 14902: 14884: 14290: 14255: 14152: 13769: 13059: 12959: 12944: 12678: 12508: 12316: 12249: 12129: 12109: 11990: 11808: 11803: 10866:

The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism

10523: 10484:

Andrew Fort and Patricia Mumme (1996), Living Liberation in Hindu Thought,

9986: 9005: 8996:

Sometimes called Katha Upanishad – for example, by Max Muller, Nakhilananda

8040: 7755: 7627: 7622: 7606: 7514: 7429: 7377: 7362: 7204: 7037: 6767: 6737: 6598: 6568: 6106: 5991: 5909: 5795: 5564: 5457: 4970: 4862:

well into the 8th century AD, until the arrival of a Mimamsa scholar named

4501: 4435:

becomes one's instinctive nature. Many schools of Hinduism thus understood

4243:

can be achieved during life in the form of a state of liberation, known as

4141: 3981: 3411: 3320: 3227: 3220: 3213: 3199: 2857: 2679: 2515: 2510: 2470: 2380: 2370: 2340: 2310: 2245: 2149: 2071: 1802: 1767: 1691: 1666: 1595: 1445: 1296: 1088: 1083: 982: 969: 964: 15156: 12079: 11745: 11447: 11428:

Religions in Focus: New Approaches to Tradition and Contemporary Practices

11113:

Religions in Focus: New Approaches to Tradition and Contemporary Practices

9317:

The Living Goddess: Reclaiming the Tradition of the Mother of the Universe

7607: 7598: 7589: 7147:

non-theistic philosophy that believes in a metaphysical permanent self or

5376: 4987:

By reflection, reasoning and instructions of teachers, the truth is known,

4908:, where it is a state of "awakening", liberation and freedom in this life. 4297:, comes from self-knowledge and consciousness of oneness of supreme soul. 4087: 3916: 1620: 15661: 15605: 15166: 14597: 14430: 14358: 14348: 14260: 14250: 14225: 13866: 13861: 13752: 13546: 13530: 13473: 13408: 13344: 13139: 13029: 13009: 12779: 12603: 12563: 12553: 12355: 12170: 12054: 11914: 11779: 11476: 11324: 7720: 7679: 7597: 7559: 7549: 7529: 7524: 7509: 7504: 7474: 7464: 7439: 7265: 7180: 7027: 6923: 6809: 6757: 6613: 6176: 5632: 5368: 5337: 5176: 4760: 4724: 4584: 4579: 4367: 4254: 4250: 3967: 3963: 3482: 3206: 3099: 3029: 2842: 2796: 2757: 2659: 2500: 2490: 2355: 2224: 2214: 2083: 2078: 1981: 1880: 1772: 1762: 1732: 1701: 1610: 1377: 1191: 1114: 1106: 908: 677: 14979: 12974: 11449:

Reality: English Translation of Srimat Pujyapadacharya's Sarvarthasiddhi

10647:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 63–64, 33–34, 47–50, 74–75, 106. 10320:"Sat-Cit-Ananda Eternity Knowledged and Bliss, Kala Material Time, Form" 8405: 5587:, and is considered timeless, eliminating the cycle of birth and death ( 4382:

as a state of perfection. The concept was seen as a natural goal beyond

4359: 4309:

in epistemological and psychological senses. For example, Deutsche sees

4186:

You are that, God himself; Meditate this within yourself. ||Verse 254||

15798: 15793: 15783: 15618: 15559: 15472: 15219: 14495: 14463: 14408: 14265: 13974: 13811: 13784: 13566: 13339: 13089: 13069: 12979: 12934: 12909: 12849: 12844: 12794: 12714: 12688: 12623: 12449: 12402: 12207: 12155: 11897: 10703:, or as the Buddhists seem to have been the first to call it, nirvana." 8056: 7890: 7865: 7808: 7789: 7769: 7710: 7588: 7554: 7544: 7539: 7499: 7367: 7352: 7347: 7338: 6959: 6954: 6804: 6794: 6789: 6697: 6668: 6623: 6181: 5941: 5838: 5673: 5592: 5579: 5412: 5372: 4544: 4244: 3528: 3489: 3453: 3334: 3273: 2880: 2872: 2783: 2560: 2335: 2290: 2144: 2134: 1900: 1848: 1777: 1686: 1615: 1605: 1600: 1372: 1147: 1124: 1119: 848: 648: 15613: 14805: 12379: 10034:(heaven), it does not recognize samsara; while Nyaya school considers 8016:, the devotion to God is viewed as more important than the desire for 6523: 6438:, "release". In the suttas two forms of release are mentioned, namely 444: 15695: 15404: 15364: 15359: 15047: 15014: 14941: 14836: 14614: 14403: 14353: 14326: 14275: 14240: 14230: 14182: 14081: 14049: 13994: 13891: 13846: 13520: 13114: 12949: 12774: 12749: 12668: 12628: 12613: 12568: 12366: 12160: 11736: 11343: 9365:

Okita, K. (2008), "Mīmāṃsā and Vedānta: Interaction and Continuity",

8074: 7582: 7217: 7032: 7022: 6997: 6832: 6784: 6663: 6226: 6201: 5623: 5611: 5536: 5408: 5061: 4827:– the stage beyond deep sleep. The Vedas suggest three goals of man: 4756: 4734: 4560: 4469: 4215: 3638: 3570: 3507: 3425: 3257: 2828: 2788: 2719: 2565: 2530: 2480: 2450: 2385: 2305: 2209: 2179: 2159: 1843: 1787: 1752: 1737: 1656: 1651: 1633: 959: 873: 804: 743: 182: 12114: 11930: 11660: 11610:

Buddhism and Society: A Great Tradition and Its Burmese Vicissitudes

10559:, University of Toronto Robart Library Archives, Canada, pp 140–147 5091:, in all traditions, represent resting in one's true essence, named 4640:

appears much later in ancient Indian literature than the concept of

1440: 414: 15708: 15569: 15287: 15229: 15224: 15161: 15108: 14989: 14936: 14869: 14659: 14478: 14473: 14363: 14300: 14280: 14111: 13947: 13774: 13747: 13714: 13656: 13556: 13551: 13525: 13450: 13334: 13206: 13109: 12999: 12939: 12889: 12884: 12729: 12724: 12683: 12648: 12598: 12533: 12528: 12282: 12119: 11788: 11763: 11730: 11695: 11307:

HS Singha (2009), Sikhism: A Complete Introduction, Hemkunt Press,

10596:, University of Toronto Robart Library Archives, Canada, pp 173–174 8440:

Gavin Flood (1996), The meaning and context of the Purusarthas, in

8197:

describes an essence that is pure and timeless, that never changes.

8174: 8009: 7960: 7860: 7850: 7798: 7484: 7062: 6772: 6431: 6236: 6216: 6211: 6091: 5787: 5647: 5143: 5033: 4863: 4820: 4540: 4445: 4443:

as two points of a single journey of life, a journey for which the

4417:

school of Hinduism, for example, suggests that one of the paths to

4230: 4071: 4034: 3945: 3941: 3710: 3266: 3092: 3049: 3016: 2867: 2862: 2835: 2545: 2525: 2455: 2405: 2285: 2174: 2090: 2061: 2056: 1925: 1915: 1812: 1792: 1716: 1711: 1676: 1346: 1326: 1286: 1252: 1232: 1212: 1098: 974: 709: 667: 662: 536: 46: 15577: 15171: 13488: 13119: 8521:

T. Chatterjea (2003), Knowledge and Freedom in Indian Philosophy,

8350:

T. Chatterjee (2003), Knowledge and Freedom in Indian Philosophy,

7659: 4900: 4789:

No space, my loving devotee, exists between your self and my self,

4776:

It was through me the Creator himself gained liberating knowledge,

2773: 492: 15713: 15633: 15464: 15354: 15199: 15133: 14999: 14984: 14856: 14560: 14413: 14331: 14321: 14096: 14086: 14059: 14054: 14044: 13999: 13984: 13979: 13759: 13704: 13689: 13681: 13648: 13515: 13418: 13393: 13369: 13268: 13258: 13129: 13124: 13104: 13044: 13034: 13024: 12964: 12914: 12904: 12829: 12819: 12809: 12754: 12588: 12468: 12192: 12069: 12044: 11980: 11774: 11650: 11496:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

11459:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

9562:, University of Toronto Robart Library Archives, Canada, pp 55–60 9543:

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

8092: 8005: 7674: 7289: 7144: 7113: 6515: 6485: 6462: 6421: 5916: 5573: 5559:

is seen as a final release from illusion, and through knowledge (

5428: 5102: 5098: 5093: 4414: 4224: 4160: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3643: 3633: 3383: 3304: 3296: 3113: 3039: 3024: 2821: 2520: 2465: 2204: 2154: 2124: 2119: 1991: 1966: 1853: 1485: 1364: 1341: 1316: 1227: 1217: 1026: 990: 878: 863: 858: 794: 789: 753: 748: 735: 160: 15330: 13354: 13210: 12854: 11625:

Huxley, Aldous (1999), Michael Horowitz; Cynthia Palmer (eds.),

11390:

Jains in the World : Religious Values and Ideology in India

10808: 10195:

H. Negendra (2008), Int Journal of Yoga, Jul–Dec, 1(2), pp 43–44

10162:

Bhagwad Gita (The Celestial Song), Chapters 2:56–57, 12, 13:1–28

8474:

The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism: "Vimoksha " (Skt.; Jpn.

8078: 7235:(Correct View), meaning faith, acceptance of the truth of soul ( 5567:. Advaita holds there is no being/non-being distinction between 5209:

as possible only after death. Samkhya and Yoga schools consider

4327:

is more than liberation from a life-rebirth cycle of suffering (

3679: 1530: 1525: 1351: 15768: 15753: 15482: 15414: 15394: 15389: 15204: 15151: 14994: 14592: 14570: 14383: 14336: 14295: 14177: 14167: 14106: 14014: 13957: 13952: 13806: 13493: 13329: 13300: 13200: 13134: 13084: 13074: 12969: 12874: 12864: 12824: 12764: 12759: 12744: 12709: 12658: 12578: 12244: 12074: 11750: 11714: 9129:: "Even though Buddhism explicitly rejected the Hindu ideas of 8036: 8028: 7855: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7664: 7479: 7444: 7410: 7175: 6944: 6603: 6491: 6470: 6376: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5884: 5744: 5619: 5603: 5465: 5442: 5038: 4836: 4552: 4449:

was discipline and self-training. Over time, these ideas about

4423: 4093:, which means to free, let go, release, liberate. According to 3997: 3648: 3462: 2778: 2505: 2390: 2295: 2265: 2260: 2194: 2169: 1958: 1828: 1671: 1646: 1585: 1470: 1465: 1455: 1397: 1321: 1281: 1276: 1207: 1052: 954: 898: 883: 829: 809: 722: 717: 554: 388: 16:

Spiritual liberation in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism

11572:

The Neo-Vaisnavite Movement and the Satra Institution of Assam

11552:

Buddhahood Embodied: Sources of Controversy in India and Tibet

5713:

He is as comfortable being alone as in the presence of others;

5671:, and the individual who has experienced this state is called 4785:

A finite soul, an infinite Goddess – these are false concepts,

4182:

That which is without name and form, beyond merit and demerit,

15677: 15582: 15518: 15305: 15262: 15209: 15098: 14966: 14919: 14874: 14488: 14483: 14187: 14157: 14091: 14071: 14009: 13989: 13962: 13801: 13503: 13403: 13349: 13305: 13283: 13149: 13144: 13054: 12924: 12879: 12789: 12593: 12543: 12492: 12473: 12049: 12010: 11798: 11691: 11238: 11236: 8044: 8032: 7419: 7307: 6166: 5756: 5751:(the one supreme god head, not to be confused with Brahmin), 5707:

He does not crave for blessings or expect praise from others;

5627: 5615: 5399:

form of mukti, where the complete absorption in God deprives

5249:

In Sāmkhya literature, liberation is commonly referred to as

4832: 4675:. In Book I, Section III, the legend of boy Naciketa queries 4273: 4003: 3665: 3535: 3300: 2812: 2350: 2219: 2129: 1976: 1930: 1910: 1590: 1575: 1515: 1505: 1490: 1475: 1450: 1301: 1271: 1157: 1057: 888: 853: 824: 819: 814: 799: 727: 116: 9910: 8047:– I seek only the Blessed Vision of my Lord Master's vision. 4733:

The Hindu goddess of knowledge, learning and creative arts,

238: 231: 15736: 15731: 15536: 15513: 15508: 15384: 15252: 15113: 14914: 14529: 14458: 14440: 14388: 14172: 14116: 14076: 14036: 14019: 14004: 13969: 13398: 13310: 13154: 12919: 12899: 12005: 11866: 11846: 11740: 10766: 10539:

Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Vol 1 & 2,

10530:, Translated by A.S. Geden (1906), T&T Clark, Edinburgh 9937: 9860:

Early Buddhism: A New Approach : the I of the Beholder

9690:

Anthropology, Ecology, and Anarchism: A Brian Morris Reader

8206: 8077:

as the way to mukti, which is meditating and repeating the

7148: 5461: 5433:

The three main sub-schools in Vedanta school of Hinduism –

5415:

by declaring his admiration for devotees who do not prefer

5117:(anatman) is essential to Buddhist nirvana. Realization of 4951: 4905: 4828: 4300: 4218:

involved in this cycle also ended. This release was called

4094: 4009: 4007:(material prosperity, income security, means of life), and 2139: 1920: 1890: 1833: 1580: 1567: 1460: 1062: 903: 893: 868: 834: 784: 766: 11233: 8599:

M. Hiriyanna (2000), The essentials of Indian philosophy,

7208:. A male human being is considered closest to the apex of 5506:(indifference, lack of craving) for material rewards; (3) 15763: 13202: 11221: 11209: 11037: 9668:

Madhyamika and Yogacara: A Study of Mahayana Philosophies

8576:"Moksha | Derived from the Sanskrit word muc ("to free")" 7243:(Correct Knowledge), meaning undoubting knowledge of the 7124:

are one and the same. Jaina texts sometimes use the term

6434:

the term "moksha" is uncommon, but an equivalent term is

4697:(reason, intelligence), realization of the Supreme Self ( 4214:

as a cycle of suffering. By release from this cycle, the

4131:. This liberation can be attained while one is on earth ( 11260: 11199: 11197: 10964: 10920:

The Awakened Ones: Phenomenology of Visionary Experience

10790: 10618:, Ph.D. Thesis, University of New South Wales, Australia 9671:. State University of New York Press. pp. 177–180. 8232:* John J. Makransky: "The third noble truth, cessation ( 5371:, the way of loving devotion to God. The third mārga is 4797:

Sarasvati Rahasya Upanishad, Translated by Linda Johnsen

4535:

Scholars suggest Shankara's challenge to the concept of

4305:

Scholars provide various explanations of the meaning of

4125:

is also a concept that means liberation from rebirth or

13263: 10514:, University of Toronto Robart Library Archives, Canada 9034:: "1. real self of the individual; 2. a person's soul"; 9030:, Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press (2012), 8756:

N. Ross Reat (1990), The Origins of Indian Psychology,

8406:

The Puruṣārthas: An Axiological Exploration of Hinduism

8320: 8318: 8316: 7190:(incapable), or a class of souls that can never attain 7167:) is liberated from the cycles of deaths and rebirths ( 5273:. Yoga's purpose is then seen as a means to remove the 5234:

Both Sāmkhya and Yoga systems of religious thought are

4791:

Know this and you are free. This is the secret wisdom.

4567:

implied an exchange of anthropocentric set of virtues (

4171:, explains one of many meditative steps on the path to 4097:

scriptures, it is a combination of two Sanskrit words,

1007: 544: 10159:, see articles on bhaktimārga, jnanamārga, karmamārga; 9545:, New Series, Vol. 20, No. 4 (Oct., 1888), pp. 513–539 9077:(Editors: Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby), Routledge, 8746:. New Delhi, India: SAGE Publications. pp. 21–42. 7136:

is the ultimate spiritual goal in Jainism. It defines

5113:

is 'identity or oneness with Brahman'. Realization of

11194: 11061: 11049: 9938:

Yong Zhao; Jing Lei; Guofang Li; et al. (2010).

9713:

For Sanskrit version: Sadasivendra Sarasvati (1912),

466: 11012: 11010: 11008: 11006: 11004: 10996:"Nirvana: A synonym for liberation, release, moksa." 10916: 10754: 10307:

Meaning of the word "Satcitananda" (Sat Chit Ananda)

9558:(Verses 12, 16, 69, 70); K.N. Aiyar (Transl. 1914), 9541:

D. Datta (1888), "Moksha, or the Vedántic Release",

8313: 7259:. According to Jain texts, the liberated pure soul ( 5522:

adds to the above four requirements, the following:

5253:. In this school, kaivalya means the realization of 4351:(ignorance or anything that is not true knowledge). 4343:

in this life includes psychological liberation from

4117:

varies between various schools of Indian religions.

13464: 11248: 10778: 10742: 10631:, chapter four: "How Insight Worsted Concentration" 10005:Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Vol 1, 9941:

Handbook of Asian Education: A Cultural Perspective

4271:, or transmigration – where one's balance sheet of 4184:

That which is beyond space, time and sense-objects,

11182: 10717: 10253:. New Delhi, India: SAGE Publications. p. 27. 9822: 9646:Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction 4916:appears in three forms: Vedic, yogic and bhakti. 4660:appears and begins becoming an important concept. 4277:determined one's rebirth. Along with this idea of 11001: 10711: 10709: 10038:as linked to samsara and a release from it; See: 9257:, Series Editor: Jean Holm, Bloomsbury Academic, 7224:tradition has believed that women too can attain 5704:Even if tortured, he speaks and trusts the truth; 5626:. By immersing oneself in the love of God, one's 5179:concepts of various Indian religious traditions. 4877:It is unclear when the core ideas of samsara and 15816: 11509:Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions 11283:Geoff Teece (2004), Sikhism: Religion in focus, 10842:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 191–233. 9852: 9850: 9820: 9793: 9773:. Buddhist Publication Society. pp. 96–97. 9766: 9739: 9717:; For English version: Charles Johnston (1912), 8635:, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. – Jul., 1957), pp. 41–48 8627: 8625: 8623: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8615: 8613: 8369:, State University of New York Press, Chapter 10 5297:), which over time leads to deep concentration ( 4331:); the Vedantic school separates this into two: 4281:, the ancient scholars developed the concept of 507: 10923:. Columbia University Press. pp. 145–146. 10889: 10634: 9884:Peter Harvey (2015). Steven M. Emmanuel (ed.). 9664: 9636: 9634: 9532:, State University of New York Press, Chapter 5 5071:comes removal of communion with material world, 5037:realization that all experienced phenomena are 3956:for various forms of emancipation, liberation, 194: 187: 11506:Jaini, Padmanabh (1980), Wendy Doniger (ed.), 11303: 11301: 11299: 11297: 11105: 11103: 11079: 10835: 10706: 10676: 10640: 10022:Note: Each school has a different meaning for 9612:"Moksa and Nirvana are synonymous in Jainism". 9380:J.A.B. van Buitenen, in Roy Perrett (Editor) – 9019: 8682:, 2nd Edition, Motilal Banarsidass, pp 122–123 8246:. 'The Cessation of Continuity and becoming ( 5490:, as well what actions and assumptions hinder 4912:In its historical development, the concept of 4787:in the minds of those unacquainted with truth, 418: 407: 348: 341: 150: 143: 84: 77: 62: 51: 14821: 13186: 11946: 11676: 11109: 10982:Michael Carrithers, Caroline Humphrey (1991) 10815:. Oxford University Press. pp. 206–208. 10715: 10239:Shankara, Sarva vedanta siddhantasara 230–239 9847: 9522:Karma and Rebirth Post Classical Developments 9494:John Richards (Translator), Vivekachudamani, 8969:, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. – Jul., 1957), pp. 48 8838: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8725:R.C. Mishra, Moksha and the Hindu Worldview, 8699:John Richards (Translator), Vivekachudamani, 8645: 8643: 8641: 8610: 7985: 7087: 6401: 5734: 5464:(teacher), study of historical knowledge and 5281:) with deeper, purer and holistic awareness ( 4712:, another middle-era Upanishad written after 4285:, as a state that released a person from the 3882: 459: 392: 381: 282: 275: 216: 209: 172: 165: 106: 99: 10943: 10862: 10300: 10298: 10296: 10294: 10079: 10077: 10075: 10073: 9883: 9856: 9800:. Buddhist Publication Society. p. 90. 9797:Facets of Buddhist Thought: Collected Essays 9770:Facets of Buddhist Thought: Collected Essays 9746:. Buddhist Publication Society. p. 96. 9743:Facets of Buddhist Thought: Collected Essays 9686: 9642: 9631: 9470:Knut Jacobson, in Jessica Frazier (Editor), 8419:, Routledge, Article on Purushartha, pp 443; 6450:is related to the practice of dhyana, while 5563:) of one's own fundamental nature, which is 5367:, the way of knowledge. The second mārga is 5069:After the dissolution of avidya (ignorance), 4528:) be useful to attain the last goal, namely 433: 326: 319: 11294: 11279: 11277: 11275: 11136: 11100: 11016: 10984:The Assembly of listeners: Jains in society 10809:Jay L. Garfield; William Edelglass (2011). 10382: 10380: 10378: 10376: 9624: 9622: 9620: 8965:Daniel H. H. Ingalls, "Dharma and Moksha", 8631:Daniel H. H. Ingalls, "Dharma and Moksha", 5403:of the sweetness and bliss associated with 5229: 4982:अर्थस्य निश्चयो दृष्टो विचारेण हितोक्तितः | 4802: 4679:, the lord of death to explain what causes 4574: 4496: 4354: 304: 297: 128: 121: 14828: 14814: 13193: 13179: 11953: 11939: 11683: 11669: 10683:. Cambridge University Press. p. 31. 10608: 10388:"Sanskrit dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit, 9965: 9963: 9961: 9649:. Cambridge University Press. p. 51. 9115:The Oxford Handbook of Religious Diversity 9065: 8827: 8638: 7992: 7978: 7186:Jaina traditions believe that there exist 7094: 7080: 6446:, "deliverance through wisdom" (insight). 6408: 6394: 4984:न स्नानेन न दानेन प्राणायमशतेन वा || १३ || 4563:; Shankara challenged that the concept of 4108: 3889: 3875: 481: 260: 253: 11549: 10893:The Notion of Emptiness in Early Buddhism 10772: 10345: 10343: 10341: 10291: 10070: 9589: 9587: 9585: 9451:The Bloomsbury companion to Hindu studies 8961: 8959: 8929: 8927: 8925: 8906: 8904: 8894: 8892: 8149:Learn how and when to remove this message 7140:as the spiritual release from all karma. 6458:to be insufficient for final liberation. 11591:Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction 11272: 10373: 10118: 10116: 10026:. For example, Mimamsa school considers 9829:. Manchester University Press. pp. 9617: 9439: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8220: 5375:, the way of works. The fourth mārga is 5269:, as necessary for salvific liberation, 5016:beyond these three, appeared over time. 4899: 4743:Starting with the middle Upanishad era, 4456: 4358: 4301:Epistemological and psychological senses 4085:is derived from the Sanskrit root word, 14835: 10896:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 21–22. 10812:The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy 10205: 10203: 10201: 10098: 10096: 9989:, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Vol 1, 9958: 9911:Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). 9509:published in 1921, Himalayan Series 43; 9327:, pp 51–52; for Sanskrit original see: 9246: 9244: 9008:, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Vol 1, 8714:published in 1921, Himalayan Series 43; 8444:(Editor) – The Fruits of Our Desiring, 8426:, University of Toronto Archives, pp. 8 8422:The Hindu Kama Shastra Society (1925), 5763:(principle of rebirth, reincarnation). 4431:, one must develop oneself where one's 4197: 4180:Beyond caste, creed, family or lineage, 2766:Sources and classification of scripture 15817: 11624: 11588: 11559: 11452:(Second ed.), Jwalamalini Trust, 11435: 11425: 10970: 10796: 10784: 10748: 10510:, etc.; in K.N. Aiyar (Transl. 1914), 10338: 10248: 9582: 9097:, State University of New York Press, 8956: 8922: 8901: 8889: 8741: 8511: 8509: 8490:The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism 8324: 8272:The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism 5759:(actions and reciprocity, causality), 5662: 4839:. To these, the Upanishadic era added 4374:Many schools of Hinduism according to 14809: 13174: 11960: 11934: 11690: 11664: 11607: 11569: 11526: 11505: 11387: 11254: 11242: 11227: 11203: 11163: 11067: 11055: 11043: 10947:Buddhism: Its Essence and Development 10839:Nirvana and Other Buddhist Felicities 10760: 10272: 10227: 10113: 9890:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 36. 9593: 8792: 8737: 8735: 8727:Psychology & Developing Societies 7269:) and dwells there in eternal bliss. 7263:) goes up to the summit of universe ( 5422: 4854:was slow. These refused to recognize 4484:could not be intellectually related. 4020:In some schools of Indian religions, 1393:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation) 1388:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption) 11468: 11445: 11406: 11337: 11266: 11215: 11188: 11168:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 169. 10724:. Oxford University Press. pp. 10680:Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative 10644:Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative 10198: 10093: 9472:Continuum companion to Hindu studies 9306:Sanskrit English Dictionary, Germany 9294:Sanskrit English Dictionary, Germany 9241: 8173:The description comprises the three 8102: 14790: 10667:Gombrich, "What the Buddha thought" 10629:The Conditioned genesis of Buddhism 10420:Indian Philosophy A Critical Survey 9598:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 8764:, Asian Humanities Press, Chapter 2 8506: 4493:that are limited in one framework. 13: 11618: 11512:, University of California Press, 11409:Jainism: A Guide for the Perplexed 10416: 10277:. Winona, MN: Saint Mary's Press. 10040:The Purva-Mimamsa Sutra of Jaimini 9887:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy 9095:Early Advaita Vedanta and Buddhism 8732: 5859:Decline in the Indian subcontinent 5854:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 5445:– each have their own views about 4874:concept and refined it over time. 4066:is more common in Buddhism, while 3970:senses, it refers to freedom from 14: 15876: 11644: 11472:Acharya Umasvami's Tattvarthsūtra 11166:Collected Papers on Jaina Studies 9596:Collected Papers on Jaina Studies 8347:, Taylor and Francis, pp 343–360; 7128:, and call the liberated soul as 6474:and rebirth in the six realms of 5472:. Those who are on their path to 4846:The acceptance of the concept of 4394:. Self-discipline is the path to 4366:(pictured) is a symbolic tale in 4347:(fears besetting one's life) and 41:Emancipation, liberation, release 14789: 14779: 14770: 14769: 14758: 13463: 13209: 13201: 11649: 11612:, University of California Press 11491: 11454: 11342: 11318: 11157: 11130: 11073: 10976: 10937: 10910: 10883: 10856: 10829: 10802: 10670: 10661: 10621: 10599: 10585: 10555:see: K.N. Aiyar (Transl. 1914), 10549: 10533: 10528:The philosophy of the Upanishads 9665:Gadjin M. Nagao (January 1991). 9392:, Taylor & Francis, pp 25–32 9347:, Kavyalaya Publishers, pp 23–33 8824:, Taylor and Francis, pp 343–360 8193:); : "Truth", "Absolute Being", 8107: 7959: 7296: 7132:. As with all Indian religions, 7061: 6522: 6375: 5794: 5336: 5324: 5312: 4723: 4608:regards Vaishnavas' position on 4159:(the experience of oneness with 4001:(virtuous, proper, moral life), 3856: 543: 14759: 11116:. Routledge. pp. 182–183. 11023:. Routledge. pp. 104–105. 10869:. Routledge. pp. 198–226. 10517: 10500: 10475: 10462: 10445: 10436: 10427: 10410: 10312: 10266: 10257: 10242: 10233: 10220: 10189: 10142: 10125: 10053: 10016: 9999: 9980: 9931: 9917:. Infobase. pp. 392, 292. 9904: 9877: 9814: 9787: 9760: 9733: 9707: 9565: 9548: 9535: 9514: 9485: 9464: 9395: 9374: 9334: 9309: 9297: 9285: 9220: 9199: 9178: 9157: 9136: 8999: 8990: 8972: 8936: 8913: 8879: 8862: 8845: 8810: 8767: 8750: 8744:Moksha and the Hindu World View 8719: 8690: 8662: 8593: 8568: 8551: 8534: 8167: 7161:state is attained when a soul ( 5739:Balinese Hinduism incorporates 5285:). Yoga, during the pursuit of 5194:(personal duties), sticking to 5073:this is the path to Kaivalyam. 4192:Vivekachudamani, 8th Century CE 14684:Relations with other religions 12293:Progressive utilization theory 11529:The Jaina Path of Purification 11333: 11086:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 36–37. 10470:Indian Philosophical Quarterly 10251:Moksha and the Hindu Worldview 9507:translation of Vivekachudamani 9411:, Princeton University Press, 8712:translation of Vivekachudamani 8468: 8431: 8384: 8374: 8330: 8296: 8262: 5591:). Advaita Vedanta emphasizes 4747:– or equivalent terms such as 4335:(liberation in this life) and 4113:The definition and meaning of 631:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies 1: 11527:Jaini, Padmanabh S. (1998) , 11143:. Routledge. pp. 55–59. 10950:. Courier. pp. 125–137. 10917:Gananath Obeyesekere (2012). 9863:. Routledge. pp. 19–20. 9426:, Berg/Oxford International, 9409:Yoga: Immortality and Freedom 9062:, See entry for Atman (self). 8729:, Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp 23, 27 8098: 6442:, "deliverance of mind," and 5121:(atta) is essential to Hindu 4476:. They are so different that 4205:is a concept associated with 3687:Other society-related topics: 1383:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy) 15830:Hindu philosophical concepts 11440:, Cambridge University Press 11164:Jaini, Padmanabh S. (2000). 10986:Cambridge University Press. 10472:, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp 491–498 9445:Angelika Malinar (2011), in 9367:The Journal of Hindu Studies 9228:Sixty Upanishads of the Veda 9207:Sixty Upanishads of the Veda 9186:Sixty Upanishads of the Veda 9144:Sixty Upanishads of the Veda 8548:, Cambridge University Press 8482:also have the same meaning. 8424:The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana 8256: 6057:Buddhist Paths to liberation 5606:(dualism) traditions define 5526:(lack of bias, dispassion), 5510:(calmness of mind), and (4) 5056:Kaivalya, a concept akin to 4957:replaced Vedic rituals with 4077: 3798:Hinduism and other religions 2595:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati 7: 15835:Jain philosophical concepts 11593:, Oxford University Press, 11550:Makransky, John J. (1997), 11438:An Introduction to Buddhism 11392:, Oxford University Press, 10720:The Foundations of Buddhism 9117:, Oxford University Press, 9054:, Oxford University Press, 8658:"Moksha (Indian religions)" 8086: 7929:Sikhism and other religions 7608: 7599: 7590: 6903:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara) 6679:Aparigraha (non-possession) 5770: 5128: 5019: 4904:Mokṣha is a key concept in 4755:– is a major theme in many 4088: 3917: 3543:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram 3515:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 1248:Arishadvargas (six enemies) 1192:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs) 1187:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body) 493: 467: 445: 419: 393: 349: 327: 305: 283: 261: 239: 217: 195: 173: 151: 129: 107: 85: 63: 10: 15881: 15860:Sanskrit words and phrases 11608:Spiro, Melford E. (1982), 9944:. Routledge. p. 466. 9345:The Quest After Perfection 7272: 7105: 6889:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara) 6868:Pravachanasara (Digambara) 6498: 6468:Nirvana ends the cycle of 6419: 5735:Mokṣa in Balinese Hinduism 5635:as the means of achieving 5595:as the means of achieving 5555:(ignorance) by knowledge. 5540:(intentness, commitment). 5426: 4631: 4488:requires worldly thought, 4339:(liberation after death). 3984:and psychological senses, 3419:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 2104:Gurus, sants, philosophers 2040:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 1228:Uparati (self-settledness) 359:Glossary of Hinduism terms 18: 15749: 15722: 15694: 15676: 15660: 15642: 15604: 15595: 15568: 15545: 15527: 15499: 15481: 15463: 15428: 15375: 15286: 15275: 15243: 15185: 15142: 15124: 15084: 15073: 15046: 15013: 14965: 14883: 14855: 14844: 14756: 14583: 14548: 14374: 14309: 14216: 14143: 14136: 14035: 13938: 13929: 13837: 13723: 13680: 13647: 13565: 13539: 13511: 13502: 13481: 13472: 13461: 13380: 13249: 13240: 13219: 12702: 12501: 12301: 12270: 12185: 12100: 12031: 12024: 11968: 11880: 11872:Hindu genealogy registers 11829: 11723: 11702: 11411:, Bloomsbury Publishing, 9821:Martin Southwold (1983). 9794:K.N. Jayatilleke (2009). 9767:K.N. Jayatilleke (2009). 9740:K.N. Jayatilleke (2009). 9594:Jaini, Padmanabh (2000). 9407:(1958, Reprinted: 2009), 4054:. However, terms such as 3976:, the cycle of death and 3911: 2585:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 1243:Samadhana (concentration) 1107:Three paths to liberation 614:Tribal religions in India 599:Historical Vedic religion 594:Indus Valley Civilisation 515: 501: 482: 475: 460: 453: 434: 427: 408: 401: 382: 375: 368: 357: 342: 335: 320: 313: 298: 291: 276: 269: 254: 247: 232: 225: 210: 203: 188: 181: 166: 159: 144: 137: 122: 115: 100: 93: 78: 71: 52: 45: 37: 30: 13828:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 12480:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 11560:Rahula, Walpola (2007), 11083:Jainism: An Introduction 10890:Mun-Keat Choong (1999). 10324:ISKCON Desire Tree | IDT 9914:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 9693:. PM Press. p. 74. 9268:Richard Leviton (2011), 9165:The Principal Upanishads 9052:A Dictionary of Hinduism 8967:Philosophy East and West 8633:Philosophy East and West 8500:22 February 2014 at the 8161: 7043:Parasparopagraho Jivanam 6896:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara) 6686:Anuvratas (further vows) 5230:Sāmkhya, Yoga and mokṣha 5064:'s Yoga Sutra suggests: 4803:Evolution of the concept 4575:The Vaisnavas' challenge 4497:Adi Shankara's challenge 4355:As a state of perfection 4135:), or eschatologically ( 1419:, sacrifice, and charity 13907:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 12410:Samkhyapravachana Sutra 11589:Sharma, Arvind (2000), 11469:Jain, Vijay K. (2011), 11426:Harvey, Graham (2016), 11388:Cort, John E. (2001a), 11080:Jeffery D Long (2013). 10836:Steven Collins (1998). 10677:Steven Collins (2010). 10641:Steven Collins (2010). 10594:Thirty Minor Upanishads 10557:Thirty Minor Upanishads 10512:Thirty Minor Upanishads 10273:Brodd, Jeffrey (2003). 9560:Thirty Minor Upanishads 9270:Hierophantic Landscapes 9073:David Lorenzen (2004), 8654:Encyclopædia Britannica 8580:Encyclopedia Britannica 7412:Selected revered saints 6652:Mahavratas (major vows) 6077:Philosophical reasoning 5551:achievable by removing 5530:(endurance, patience), 5289:, encourages practice ( 5147:("state of Absolute"), 5082:(Sadhana Pada), 2:24–25 4263:(merit, good deeds) or 4209:(birth-rebirth cycle). 4157:paripurna-brahmanubhava 4109:Definition and meanings 3592:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 2805:Timeline of Hindu texts 2710:Siddharameshwar Maharaj 1743:Pumsavana Simantonayana 1398:Śabda (word, testimony) 636:Epic-Puranic chronology 604:Dravidian folk religion 21:Moksha (disambiguation) 13882:Eighteen Greater Texts 12146:Early Buddhist schools 11654:Quotations related to 11629:, Simon and Schuster, 11574:, Gauhati University, 11562:What the Buddha Taught 11436:Harvey, Peter (2013), 11110:Graham Harvey (2016). 10716:Rupert Gethin (1998). 10614:Anna Nettheim (2011), 10351:"Sanskrit Dictionary, 10305:Maharishi's Teaching, 9719:yogasutrasofpata00pata 9422:Sarah Strauss (2005), 9315:Linda Johnsen (2002), 9167:, Dover Publications, 9046:, See entry for Atman; 8071: 7906:Jathedar of Akal Takht 6950:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak 6861:Samayasāra (Digambara) 6674:Brahmacarya (chastity) 5844:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 5747:. The other four are: 5476:(samnyasin), suggests 5460:of Advaita Vedanta, a 5085: 5001: 4909: 4800: 4710:Svetasvatara Upanishad 4371: 4319:in Hinduism, suggests 4195: 3557:Eighteen Greater Texts 3186:Brahma Vaivarta Purana 2615:Krishnananda Saraswati 1859:Vijayadashami-Dussehra 1373:Pratyakṣa (perception) 1233:Titiksha (forbearance) 508: 15850:Religious terminology 14635:Hindu gurus and sants 13887:Eighteen Lesser Texts 11446:Jain, S. A. (1992) , 11407:Fohr, Sherry (2015), 10944:Edward Conze (2012). 10863:Peter Harvey (2013). 10417:Sharma, Chandradhar. 9857:Sue Hamilton (2000). 9687:Brian Morris (2015). 9643:Brian Morris (2006). 9343:M. Hiriyanna (1952), 9238:, pp 305–306, 322–325 9113:Chad Meister (2010), 9093:Richard King (1995), 8022: 6669:Asteya (non-stealing) 6659:Ahiṃsā (non-violence) 6478:. It is part of the 6112:Aids to Enlightenment 5937:Dependent Origination 5650:, defines avidya and 5066: 4979: 4919:In the Vedic period, 4903: 4891:J. A. B. van Buitenen 4773: 4457:Nagarjuna's challenge 4362: 4177: 4167:– an ancient book on 4070:is more prevalent in 3991:In Hindu traditions, 3962:, or release. In its 3673:Varna-related topics: 3564:Eighteen Lesser Texts 3137:Devi Bhagavata Purana 2033:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 2019:Achintya Bheda Abheda 1951:Philosophical schools 1253:Ahamkara (attachment) 1213:Vairagya (dispassion) 1141:Mokṣa-related topics: 15652:Happy hunting ground 15385:14 planetary systems 14625:Anti-Hindu sentiment 12584:Brihadratha Ikshvaku 12421:Sarvadarsanasangraha 12198:Acintya bheda abheda 11357:for the books listed 11245:, pp. 148, 200. 11218:, pp. 9–10, 37. 11137:Paul Dundas (2003). 11017:Paul Dundas (2003). 10249:Mishra, R.C (2013). 9579:, Chapter 18, pp 187 9369:, 1(1–2), pp 155–156 9253:John Bowker (1998), 8742:Mishra, R.C (2013). 7936:Sikhism and Hinduism 6828:Schools and Branches 6082:Devotional practices 5905:Noble Eightfold Path 5547:tradition considers 5283:asamprājñāta samādhi 4959:personal development 4821:complete abandonment 4421:is to magnify one's 4198:Eschatological sense 3805:Hinduism and Jainism 2735:Vethathiri Maharishi 2640:Nisargadatta Maharaj 1208:Viveka (discernment) 583:(500/200 BCE–300 CE) 517:Glossary of Buddhism 19:For other uses, see 15779:Mythological places 15028:Terrestrial Kingdom 14731:Hinduism by country 13897:Iraiyanar Akapporul 13857:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 12644:Dayananda Saraswati 12218:Nimbarka Sampradaya 12142:Buddhist philosophy 11570:Sarma, S N (1966), 11533:Motilal Banarsidass 11479:: Vikalp Printers, 11230:, pp. 141–147. 11046:, pp. 222–223. 10508:Tejobindu Upanishad 10423:. pp. 274–275. 9329:सरस्वतीरहस्योपनिषत् 9050:WJ Johnson (2009), 8284:on 22 February 2014 8073:Sikhism recommends 7966:Religion portal 7946:Sikhism and Jainism 7896:Nanakshahi calendar 7068:Religion portal 6758:The 24 Tirthankaras 6382:Buddhism portal 6255:Buddhism by country 6017:Sanskrit literature 5663:Mokṣha in this life 5293:) with detachment ( 5279:cittavrtti nirodhah 4850:in some schools of 4539:parallels those of 4427:. To magnify one's 4406:is thus a means to 3863:Hinduism portal 3742:Hinduism by country 3578:Iraiyanar Akapporul 3522:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 2605:Dayananda Saraswati 2590:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 2496:Sripada Srivallabha 2436:Raghunatha Siromani 2401:Narasimha Saraswati 1378:Anumāṇa (inference) 15759:Existential planes 12255:Pashupata Shaivism 12085:Pashupata Shaivism 11746:Burial in Hinduism 11269:, p. 282–283. 8404:A. Sharma (1999), 8191:present participle 8008:concept of mukti ( 7650:Sikh Rehat Maryada 7617:Guru Maneyo Granth 7194:(liberation). The 6875:Agama (Śvetāmbara) 6476:Saṃsāra (Buddhism) 6426:Rebirth (Buddhism) 5869:Buddhist modernism 5755:(soul or spirit), 5646:tradition, led by 5478:Klaus Klostermaier 5423:Vedanta and mokṣha 5198:(stages of life). 4910: 4559:set in pursuit of 4372: 4321:Klaus Klostermaier 4105:(its destruction) 3757:Caribbean Shaktism 3476:Kanakadhara Stotra 2725:U. G. Krishnamurti 2705:Satyadhyana Tirtha 2301:Gangesha Upadhyaya 1959:Six Astika schools 1203:Ānanda (happiness) 1182:Anātman (non-self) 15812: 15811: 15789:Spirits in prison 15745: 15744: 15669:Land without evil 15591: 15590: 15271: 15270: 15069: 15068: 15061:World of Darkness 15033:Telestial Kingdom 15023:Celestial Kingdom 15005:Sidrat al-Muntaha 14803: 14802: 14579: 14578: 14132: 14131: 13925: 13924: 13839:Sangam literature 13795:Yājñavalkya Smṛti 13643: 13642: 13459: 13458: 13168: 13167: 13020:Pratītyasamutpāda 12181: 12180: 11962:Indian philosophy 11928: 11927: 11920:Dharmic religions 11542:978-81-208-1578-0 11519:978-0-520-03923-0 11486:978-81-903639-2-1 11418:978-1-4742-2756-8 11399:978-0-19-513234-2 11384: 11383: 11325:Guru Granth Sahib 11289:978-1-58340-469-0 11175:978-81-208-1691-6 11123:978-1-134-93690-8 11093:978-0-85773-656-7 10973:, pp. 75–76. 10957:978-0-486-17023-7 10930:978-0-231-15362-1 10903:978-81-208-1649-7 10876:978-1-136-78336-4 10849:978-0-521-57054-1 10822:978-0-19-532899-8 10799:, pp. 73–76. 10735:978-0-19-160671-7 10690:978-0-521-88198-2 10654:978-0-521-88198-2 10545:978-81-208-1467-7 10490:978-0-7914-2706-4 10284:978-0-88489-725-5 10230:, pp. 41–42) 10182:978-1-4419-8109-7 10108:978-1-4725-1151-5 10089:978-0-8264-9966-0 10048:978-0-7914-7082-4 10011:978-81-208-1468-4 9995:978-81-208-1468-4 9951:978-1-136-72129-8 9924:978-0-8160-7564-5 9897:978-1-119-14466-3 9870:978-0-7007-1280-9 9840:978-0-7190-0971-6 9807:978-955-24-0335-4 9780:978-955-24-0335-4 9753:978-955-24-0335-4 9700:978-1-60486-093-1 9678:978-1-4384-1406-5 9656:978-0-521-85241-8 9480:978-0-8264-9966-0 9459:978-1-4725-1151-5 9217:, pp 316, 319–325 9163:S. Nikhilananda, 9085:, pages 208–209, 8782:978-0-8264-9966-0 8563:978-0-8264-9966-0 8159: 8158: 8151: 8066:Guru Granth Sahib 8027:I desire neither 8014:Guru Granth Sahib 8002: 8001: 7941:Sikhism and Islam 7871:Nirgun and Sargun 7749:Guru Granth Sahib 7398:Guru Granth Sahib 7393:Guru Gobind Singh 7388:Guru Tegh Bahadur 7104: 7103: 6723:Micchami Dukkadam 6718:Bhaktamara Stotra 6647:Ethics of Jainism 6480:Four Noble Truths 6418: 6417: 5900:Four Noble Truths 5520:Brahmasutrabhasya 5514:(self restraint, 4714:Kathaka Upanishad 4453:were challenged. 4101:(attachment) and 3899: 3898: 3750:Balinese Hinduism 3249:Markandeya Purana 2486:Satyanatha Tirtha 2441:Raghuttama Tirtha 2431:Raghavendra Swami 2276:Ramdas Kathiababa 1357:Sources of dharma 1223:Dama (temperance) 1218:Sama (equanimity) 584: 522: 521: 364: 363: 15872: 15724:Ancient Egyptian 15624:Thirteen Heavens 15602: 15601: 15284: 15283: 15215:Asphodel Meadows 15082: 15081: 14853: 14852: 14830: 14823: 14816: 14807: 14806: 14793: 14792: 14783: 14773: 14772: 14762: 14761: 14672:Pilgrimage sites 14426:Ganesh Chaturthi 14141: 14140: 13936: 13935: 13917:Vedarthasamgraha 13912:Vinayagar Agaval 13877:Five Great Epics 13852:Divya Prabandham 13765:Minor Upanishads 13509: 13508: 13479: 13478: 13467: 13466: 13247: 13246: 13213: 13205: 13195: 13188: 13181: 13172: 13171: 12674:Satyakama Jabala 12609:Akshapada Gotama 12559:Gārgī Vāchaknavī 12539:Vāchaspati Misra 12397:Nyayakusumanjali 12331:Bhagavata Purana 12288:Radical Humanism 12260:Shaiva Siddhanta 12029: 12028: 12001:Vedic philosophy 11955: 11948: 11941: 11932: 11931: 11793:Ancestor worship 11685: 11678: 11671: 11662: 11661: 11653: 11639: 11613: 11603: 11584: 11565: 11555: 11545: 11522: 11502: 11495: 11494: 11475:(1st ed.), 11465: 11458: 11457: 11441: 11431: 11421: 11402: 11379: 11376: 11370: 11346: 11338: 11328: 11322: 11316: 11305: 11292: 11281: 11270: 11264: 11258: 11252: 11246: 11240: 11231: 11225: 11219: 11213: 11207: 11201: 11192: 11186: 11180: 11179: 11161: 11155: 11154: 11134: 11128: 11127: 11107: 11098: 11097: 11077: 11071: 11065: 11059: 11053: 11047: 11041: 11035: 11034: 11014: 10999: 10980: 10974: 10968: 10962: 10961: 10941: 10935: 10934: 10914: 10908: 10907: 10887: 10881: 10880: 10860: 10854: 10853: 10833: 10827: 10826: 10806: 10800: 10794: 10788: 10782: 10776: 10775:, p. 27-28. 10770: 10764: 10758: 10752: 10746: 10740: 10739: 10723: 10713: 10704: 10694: 10674: 10668: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10638: 10632: 10625: 10619: 10612: 10606: 10603: 10597: 10592:(Transl. 1914), 10589: 10583: 10553: 10547: 10537: 10531: 10521: 10515: 10504: 10498: 10479: 10473: 10466: 10460: 10449: 10443: 10440: 10434: 10431: 10425: 10424: 10414: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10403: 10394:. 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Archived from 10347: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10331: 10316: 10310: 10302: 10289: 10288: 10270: 10264: 10261: 10255: 10254: 10246: 10240: 10237: 10231: 10224: 10218: 10207: 10196: 10193: 10187: 10146: 10140: 10129: 10123: 10120: 10111: 10100: 10091: 10081: 10068: 10057: 10051: 10030:as release into 10020: 10014: 10003: 9997: 9984: 9978: 9967: 9956: 9955: 9935: 9929: 9928: 9908: 9902: 9901: 9881: 9875: 9874: 9854: 9845: 9844: 9828: 9818: 9812: 9811: 9791: 9785: 9784: 9764: 9758: 9757: 9737: 9731: 9711: 9705: 9704: 9682: 9660: 9638: 9629: 9626: 9615: 9609: 9591: 9580: 9569: 9563: 9552: 9546: 9539: 9533: 9518: 9512: 9489: 9483: 9468: 9462: 9443: 9437: 9424:Positioning Yoga 9399: 9393: 9378: 9372: 9338: 9332: 9331:sarasvatIrahasya 9313: 9307: 9301: 9295: 9289: 9283: 9248: 9239: 9224: 9218: 9203: 9197: 9182: 9176: 9161: 9155: 9140: 9134: 9069: 9063: 9023: 9017: 9003: 8997: 8994: 8988: 8976: 8970: 8963: 8954: 8940: 8934: 8931: 8920: 8917: 8911: 8908: 8899: 8896: 8887: 8883: 8877: 8866: 8860: 8849: 8843: 8840: 8825: 8814: 8808: 8805: 8790: 8771: 8765: 8754: 8748: 8747: 8739: 8730: 8723: 8717: 8694: 8688: 8666: 8660: 8650:Patrick Olivelle 8647: 8636: 8629: 8608: 8597: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8572: 8566: 8555: 8549: 8538: 8532: 8513: 8504: 8472: 8466: 8435: 8429: 8388: 8382: 8378: 8372: 8334: 8328: 8322: 8311: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8280:. 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Some contrast 5393:Ekasarana dharma 5340: 5328: 5316: 5083: 4999: 4998:, 8th Century AD 4852:Hindu philosophy 4798: 4727: 4193: 4091: 3920: 3913: 3891: 3884: 3877: 3861: 3860: 3859: 3821:and Christianity 3791:Pilgrimage sites 3721:Reform movements 3599:Vinayagar Agaval 3550:Five Great Epics 3499:Tamil literature 3398:Sushruta Samhita 3193:Bhavishya Purana 3179:Brahmanda Purana 3130:Bhagavata Purana 3058:Other scriptures 2620:Mahavatar Babaji 2200:Satyakama Jabala 1871:Ganesh Chaturthi 1725:Rites of passage 1238:Shraddha (faith) 656:Major traditions 582: 547: 524: 523: 511: 496: 485: 484: 470: 463: 462: 448: 437: 436: 422: 411: 410: 396: 385: 384: 366: 365: 352: 345: 344: 330: 323: 322: 308: 301: 300: 286: 279: 278: 264: 257: 256: 242: 235: 234: 220: 213: 212: 198: 191: 190: 176: 169: 168: 154: 147: 146: 132: 125: 124: 110: 103: 102: 88: 81: 80: 66: 55: 54: 28: 27: 15880: 15879: 15875: 15874: 15873: 15871: 15870: 15869: 15815: 15814: 15813: 15808: 15741: 15718: 15690: 15672: 15656: 15638: 15587: 15564: 15541: 15523: 15495: 15477: 15459: 15424: 15371: 15278: 15267: 15239: 15235:Fortunate Isles 15181: 15138: 15120: 15076: 15065: 15042: 15009: 14961: 14879: 14847: 14840: 14834: 14804: 14799: 14766: 14752: 14575: 14544: 14535:Vasant Panchami 14469:Pahela Baishakh 14451:Makar Sankranti 14370: 14305: 14212: 14128: 14031: 13921: 13902:Abhirami Antati 13872:Kamba Ramayanam 13833: 13719: 13676: 13639: 13561: 13535: 13498: 13468: 13455: 13439:Vishishtadvaita 13376: 13236: 13215: 13199: 13169: 13164: 12990:Parameshashakti 12698: 12634:Ramana Maharshi 12519:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 12497: 12463:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 12437:Tattvacintāmaṇi 12310:Abhinavabharati 12297: 12266: 12240:Sikh Philosophy 12228:Vishishtadvaita 12177: 12096: 12020: 11964: 11959: 11929: 11924: 11876: 11825: 11814:Jathera or Dhok 11741:Cremation ghats 11719: 11698: 11689: 11647: 11637: 11621: 11619:Further reading 11601: 11582: 11543: 11520: 11492: 11487: 11455: 11419: 11400: 11380: 11374: 11371: 11360: 11347: 11336: 11331: 11323: 11319: 11306: 11295: 11282: 11273: 11265: 11261: 11253: 11249: 11241: 11234: 11226: 11222: 11214: 11210: 11206:, pp. 6–7. 11202: 11195: 11187: 11183: 11176: 11162: 11158: 11151: 11135: 11131: 11124: 11108: 11101: 11094: 11078: 11074: 11066: 11062: 11054: 11050: 11042: 11038: 11031: 11015: 11002: 10981: 10977: 10969: 10965: 10958: 10942: 10938: 10931: 10915: 10911: 10904: 10888: 10884: 10877: 10861: 10857: 10850: 10834: 10830: 10823: 10807: 10803: 10795: 10791: 10783: 10779: 10771: 10767: 10759: 10755: 10747: 10743: 10736: 10714: 10707: 10691: 10675: 10671: 10666: 10662: 10655: 10639: 10635: 10626: 10622: 10613: 10609: 10604: 10600: 10590: 10586: 10554: 10550: 10538: 10534: 10522: 10518: 10505: 10501: 10480: 10476: 10467: 10463: 10450: 10446: 10441: 10437: 10432: 10428: 10415: 10411: 10401: 10399: 10386: 10385: 10374: 10364: 10362: 10349: 10348: 10339: 10329: 10327: 10318: 10317: 10313: 10303: 10292: 10285: 10275:World Religions 10271: 10267: 10262: 10258: 10247: 10243: 10238: 10234: 10225: 10221: 10208: 10199: 10194: 10190: 10147: 10143: 10130: 10126: 10121: 10114: 10101: 10094: 10082: 10071: 10058: 10054: 10021: 10017: 10004: 10000: 9985: 9981: 9968: 9959: 9952: 9936: 9932: 9925: 9909: 9905: 9898: 9882: 9878: 9871: 9855: 9848: 9841: 9819: 9815: 9808: 9792: 9788: 9781: 9765: 9761: 9754: 9738: 9734: 9712: 9708: 9701: 9683: 9679: 9661: 9657: 9639: 9632: 9627: 9618: 9606: 9592: 9583: 9570: 9566: 9553: 9549: 9540: 9536: 9519: 9515: 9505:Madhavananda's 9502:(2011 Edition); 9490: 9486: 9469: 9465: 9447:Jessica Frazier 9444: 9440: 9400: 9396: 9382:Theory of Value 9379: 9375: 9352:Theory of Value 9339: 9335: 9314: 9310: 9302: 9298: 9290: 9286: 9249: 9242: 9225: 9221: 9204: 9200: 9183: 9179: 9162: 9158: 9141: 9137: 9110: 9090: 9075:The Hindu World 9070: 9066: 9047: 9035: 9024: 9020: 9004: 9000: 8995: 8991: 8977: 8973: 8964: 8957: 8941: 8937: 8932: 8923: 8918: 8914: 8909: 8902: 8897: 8890: 8884: 8880: 8867: 8863: 8850: 8846: 8841: 8828: 8815: 8811: 8806: 8793: 8772: 8768: 8755: 8751: 8740: 8733: 8724: 8720: 8710:Madhavananda's 8707:(2011 Edition); 8695: 8691: 8667: 8663: 8648: 8639: 8630: 8611: 8598: 8594: 8584: 8582: 8574: 8573: 8569: 8556: 8552: 8539: 8535: 8514: 8507: 8502:Wayback Machine 8473: 8469: 8436: 8432: 8389: 8385: 8379: 8375: 8335: 8331: 8323: 8314: 8301: 8297: 8287: 8285: 8268: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8254: 8250:) is Nibbana.'" 8241: 8231: 8229: 8227: 8226:Ending rebirth: 8225: 8221: 8179:sat-chit-ananda 8172: 8168: 8164: 8155: 8144: 8138: 8135: 8124: 8118:has an unclear 8112: 8108: 8101: 8089: 8083:(Name of God). 8070: 8064: 8061: 8054: 8048: 8026: 7998: 7958: 7951: 7950: 7931: 7928: 7921: 7920: 7846: 7841: 7834: 7833: 7804:Harmandir Sahib 7794: 7790: 7784: 7776: 7775: 7743: 7739: 7731: 7730: 7645: 7641: 7633: 7632: 7577: 7573: 7565: 7564: 7435:Bhagat Ramanand 7415: 7411: 7403: 7402: 7343: 7339: 7275: 7249:Samyak charitra 7228:just like men. 7110: 7100: 7060: 7053: 7052: 7018: 7017: 7008: 7007: 6975: 6974: 6965: 6964: 6940: 6939: 6930: 6929: 6855: 6854: 6852:Jain literature 6843: 6842: 6825: 6824: 6815: 6814: 6753: 6752: 6743: 6742: 6733:Ṇamōkāra mantra 6713: 6712: 6703: 6702: 6644: 6643: 6634: 6633: 6564: 6563: 6501: 6428: 6420:Main articles: 6414: 6374: 6367: 6366: 6257: 6247: 6246: 6197: 6187: 6186: 6152: 6142: 6141: 6047: 6037: 6036: 6007:Mahayana Sutras 5987: 5977: 5976: 5917:Five Aggregates 5895: 5894: 5874: 5873: 5864:Later Buddhists 5829: 5773: 5743:as one of five 5737: 5665: 5484:Vivekachudamani 5435:Advaita Vedanta 5431: 5425: 5357: 5356: 5355: 5354: 5346: 5345: 5344: 5341: 5333: 5332: 5329: 5321: 5320: 5317: 5232: 5137:. For example, 5131: 5084: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5022: 5000: 4996:Vivekachudamani 4994: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4973:in his book on 4811:, according to 4807:The concept of 4805: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4741: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4730: 4729: 4728: 4665:Katha Upanishad 4636:The concept of 4634: 4577: 4549:anthropocentric 4499: 4459: 4364:Gajendra Moksha 4357: 4303: 4200: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4165:Vivekachudamani 4111: 4080: 3982:epistemological 3940:, is a term in 3922:), also called 3895: 3857: 3855: 3836: 3835: 3829: 3799: 3765: 3744: 3736: 3726: 3725: 3688: 3621: 3613: 3605: 3604: 3501: 3469: 3391:Charaka Samhita 3370:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 3328:Shilpa Shastras 3307: 3260: 3144:Naradiya Purana 3116: 3111: 3086: 3060: 3019: 2883: 2815: 2799: 2768: 2760: 2750: 2749: 2695:Shirdi Sai Baba 2690:Sathya Sai Baba 2670:Ramana Maharshi 2574: 2541:Vadiraja Tirtha 2536:Vācaspati Miśra 2416:Srinivasacharya 2396:Narahari Tirtha 2376:Matsyendranatha 2361:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 2326:Jagannatha Dasa 2316:Haridasa Thakur 2235: 2114: 2106: 2096: 2095: 2051: 2012:Vishishtadvaita 1961: 1953: 1943: 1942: 1896:Makar Sankranti 1876:Vasant Panchami 1839:Maha Shivaratri 1823: 1727: 1636: 1570: 1539: 1420: 1411: 1403: 1402: 1367: 1261: 1198:Prajña (wisdom) 1194: 1171: 1135: 1109: 1078: 1047: 1045:Meaning of life 1032:God in Hinduism 1021: 985: 983:Supreme reality 960:Subtle elements 949: 930: 924: 914: 913: 769: 738: 712: 704: 694: 693: 690: 657: 651: 641: 640: 585: 580:Hindu synthesis 576: 571: 486: 464: 438: 412: 386: 370: 369:Translations of 346: 324: 302: 280: 258: 236: 214: 192: 170: 148: 126: 104: 82: 56: 32: 31:Translations of 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 15878: 15868: 15867: 15865:Mystical union 15862: 15857: 15852: 15847: 15842: 15837: 15832: 15827: 15810: 15809: 15807: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15781: 15776: 15771: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15750: 15747: 15746: 15743: 15742: 15740: 15739: 15734: 15728: 15726: 15720: 15719: 15717: 15716: 15711: 15706: 15700: 15698: 15692: 15691: 15689: 15688: 15686:The Summerland 15682: 15680: 15674: 15673: 15671: 15670: 15666: 15664: 15658: 15657: 15655: 15654: 15648: 15646: 15644:Plains Indians 15640: 15639: 15637: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15610: 15608: 15599: 15593: 15592: 15589: 15588: 15586: 15585: 15580: 15574: 15572: 15566: 15565: 15563: 15562: 15557: 15555:Chinvat Bridge 15551: 15549: 15547:Zoroastrianism 15543: 15542: 15540: 15539: 15533: 15531: 15525: 15524: 15522: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15505: 15503: 15497: 15496: 15494: 15493: 15491:Grotto-heavens 15487: 15485: 15479: 15478: 15476: 15475: 15469: 15467: 15461: 15460: 15458: 15457: 15456: 15455: 15450: 15445: 15434: 15432: 15426: 15425: 15423: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15387: 15381: 15379: 15373: 15372: 15370: 15369: 15368: 15367: 15357: 15352: 15350:Formless Realm 15347: 15346: 15345: 15335: 15334: 15333: 15328: 15323: 15318: 15313: 15308: 15303: 15292: 15290: 15281: 15273: 15272: 15269: 15268: 15266: 15265: 15260: 15255: 15249: 15247: 15241: 15240: 15238: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15217: 15212: 15207: 15202: 15197: 15191: 15189: 15183: 15182: 15180: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15148: 15146: 15140: 15139: 15137: 15136: 15130: 15128: 15122: 15121: 15119: 15118: 15117: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15090: 15088: 15079: 15071: 15070: 15067: 15066: 15064: 15063: 15058: 15056:World of Light 15052: 15050: 15044: 15043: 15041: 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15019: 15017: 15011: 15010: 15008: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14971: 14969: 14963: 14962: 14960: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14932:Garden of Eden 14929: 14927:Kingdom of God 14924: 14923: 14922: 14912: 14911: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14889: 14887: 14881: 14880: 14878: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14861: 14859: 14850: 14842: 14841: 14833: 14832: 14825: 14818: 14810: 14801: 14800: 14798: 14797: 14787: 14777: 14757: 14754: 14753: 14751: 14750: 14749: 14748: 14743: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14722: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14681: 14680: 14679: 14669: 14664: 14663: 14662: 14652: 14647: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14606: 14605: 14600: 14589: 14587: 14581: 14580: 14577: 14576: 14574: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14552: 14550: 14546: 14545: 14543: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14527: 14521: 14520: 14519: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14493: 14492: 14491: 14486: 14481: 14476: 14471: 14466: 14461: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14422: 14421: 14416: 14411: 14401: 14399:Raksha Bandhan 14396: 14391: 14386: 14380: 14378: 14372: 14371: 14369: 14368: 14367: 14366: 14361: 14356: 14351: 14341: 14340: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14313: 14311: 14307: 14306: 14304: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14288: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14268: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14248: 14243: 14238: 14233: 14228: 14222: 14220: 14214: 14213: 14211: 14210: 14205: 14200: 14195: 14190: 14185: 14180: 14175: 14170: 14165: 14160: 14155: 14149: 14147: 14138: 14134: 14133: 14130: 14129: 14127: 14126: 14119: 14114: 14109: 14104: 14099: 14094: 14089: 14084: 14079: 14074: 14069: 14064: 14063: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14041: 14039: 14033: 14032: 14030: 14029: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13966: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13944: 13942: 13933: 13927: 13926: 13923: 13922: 13920: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13894: 13889: 13884: 13879: 13874: 13869: 13864: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13843: 13841: 13835: 13834: 13832: 13831: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13798: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13756: 13755: 13750: 13740: 13735: 13729: 13727: 13721: 13720: 13718: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13686: 13684: 13678: 13677: 13675: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13653: 13651: 13645: 13644: 13641: 13640: 13638: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13610:Shvetashvatara 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13585:Brihadaranyaka 13582: 13577: 13571: 13569: 13563: 13562: 13560: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13543: 13541: 13537: 13536: 13534: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13512: 13506: 13500: 13499: 13497: 13496: 13491: 13485: 13483: 13482:Classification 13476: 13470: 13469: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13456: 13454: 13453: 13444: 13443: 13442: 13435: 13428: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13386: 13384: 13378: 13377: 13375: 13374: 13373: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13321: 13320: 13319: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13292: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13255: 13253: 13244: 13238: 13237: 13235: 13234: 13229: 13226: 13220: 13217: 13216: 13198: 13197: 13190: 13183: 13175: 13166: 13165: 13163: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13127: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13065:Shabda Brahman 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13015:Pratibimbavada 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12706: 12704: 12700: 12699: 12697: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12654:Vedanta Desika 12651: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12549:Gautama Buddha 12546: 12544:Uddalaka Aruni 12541: 12536: 12531: 12526: 12521: 12516: 12511: 12505: 12503: 12499: 12498: 12496: 12495: 12490: 12483: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12459: 12458: 12457: 12447: 12440: 12433: 12431:Tarka-Sangraha 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12406: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12388: 12387: 12382: 12374:Mimamsa Sutras 12370: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12346: 12344:Buddhist texts 12341: 12334: 12327: 12320: 12313: 12305: 12303: 12299: 12298: 12296: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12274: 12272: 12268: 12267: 12265: 12264: 12263: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12231: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12189: 12187: 12183: 12182: 12179: 12178: 12176: 12175: 12174: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12139: 12138: 12137: 12132: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12106: 12104: 12098: 12097: 12095: 12094: 12089: 12088: 12087: 12082: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12047: 12037: 12035: 12026: 12022: 12021: 12019: 12018: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11972: 11970: 11966: 11965: 11958: 11957: 11950: 11943: 11935: 11926: 11925: 11923: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11906: 11905: 11900: 11890: 11884: 11882: 11878: 11877: 11875: 11874: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11833: 11831: 11827: 11826: 11824: 11823: 11822: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11760: 11759: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11727: 11725: 11721: 11720: 11718: 11717: 11712: 11706: 11704: 11700: 11699: 11688: 11687: 11680: 11673: 11665: 11646: 11645:External links 11643: 11642: 11641: 11635: 11620: 11617: 11616: 11615: 11605: 11600:978-0195644418 11599: 11586: 11581:978-8173310263 11580: 11567: 11557: 11547: 11541: 11524: 11518: 11503: 11485: 11466: 11443: 11433: 11423: 11417: 11404: 11398: 11382: 11381: 11350: 11348: 11341: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11329: 11317: 11313:978-8170102458 11293: 11271: 11259: 11247: 11232: 11220: 11208: 11193: 11181: 11174: 11156: 11150:978-0415266055 11149: 11129: 11122: 11099: 11092: 11072: 11070:, p. 225. 11060: 11058:, p. 226. 11048: 11036: 11030:978-0415266055 11029: 11000: 10975: 10963: 10956: 10936: 10929: 10909: 10902: 10882: 10875: 10855: 10848: 10828: 10821: 10801: 10789: 10777: 10773:Makransky 1997 10765: 10753: 10741: 10734: 10705: 10689: 10669: 10660: 10653: 10633: 10620: 10607: 10598: 10584: 10582: 10581: 10571: 10568:978-0911206265 10548: 10532: 10516: 10499: 10497: 10496: 10493: 10474: 10461: 10457:978-8180695957 10444: 10435: 10426: 10409: 10398:on 1 July 2017 10372: 10361:on 10 May 2013 10337: 10326:. 8 March 2010 10311: 10290: 10283: 10265: 10256: 10241: 10232: 10219: 10215:978-0824802714 10197: 10188: 10186: 10185: 10174: 10163: 10160: 10141: 10124: 10112: 10092: 10069: 10067: 10066: 10063: 10052: 10015: 9998: 9979: 9975:978-0195644418 9957: 9950: 9930: 9923: 9903: 9896: 9876: 9869: 9846: 9839: 9813: 9806: 9786: 9779: 9759: 9752: 9732: 9728:978-8176257091 9706: 9699: 9677: 9655: 9630: 9616: 9604: 9581: 9577:978-8176257091 9564: 9547: 9534: 9530:978-0873959902 9513: 9511: 9510: 9503: 9500:978-0979726743 9484: 9463: 9438: 9436: 9435: 9420: 9417:978-0691142036 9394: 9373: 9371: 9370: 9363: 9360:978-0815336129 9348: 9333: 9325:978-0936663289 9308: 9296: 9284: 9282: 9281: 9278:978-1462054145 9266: 9263:978-1855671010 9240: 9236:978-0842616454 9226:Paul Deussen, 9219: 9215:978-0842616454 9205:Paul Deussen, 9198: 9194:978-0842616454 9184:Paul Deussen, 9177: 9173:978-0486427171 9156: 9152:978-0842616454 9142:Paul Deussen, 9135: 9123:978-0195340136 9103:978-0791425138 9064: 9060:978-0198610250 9044:978-0192800947 9018: 9014:978-0842616454 8998: 8989: 8987: 8986: 8982: 8971: 8955: 8953: 8952: 8949: 8946: 8935: 8921: 8912: 8900: 8888: 8878: 8876: 8875: 8872: 8861: 8859: 8858: 8855: 8844: 8826: 8809: 8791: 8789: 8788: 8785: 8766: 8749: 8731: 8718: 8716: 8715: 8708: 8705:978-0979726743 8689: 8687: 8686: 8683: 8680:978-8120810983 8672: 8661: 8637: 8609: 8605:978-8120813304 8592: 8567: 8550: 8546:978-0521859424 8533: 8531: 8530: 8527:978-0739106921 8519: 8505: 8467: 8465: 8464: 8461:978-8120807792 8453: 8450:978-1896209302 8430: 8428: 8427: 8420: 8409: 8402: 8383: 8373: 8371: 8370: 8367:978-0791446157 8359: 8356:978-0739106921 8348: 8329: 8327:, p. 113. 8312: 8308:978-0192139658 8295: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8252: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8210: 8198: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8120:citation style 8115: 8113: 8106: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8095: 8088: 8085: 8062: 8023: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7996: 7989: 7982: 7974: 7971: 7970: 7969: 7968: 7953: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7932: 7927: 7926: 7923: 7922: 7919: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7847: 7843:General topics 7840: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7832: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7814:Keshgarh Sahib 7811: 7806: 7801: 7795: 7782: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7774: 7773: 7766: 7763:Sarbloh Granth 7759: 7752: 7744: 7737: 7736: 7733: 7732: 7729: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7646: 7639: 7638: 7635: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7613: 7604: 7595: 7586: 7578: 7571: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7563: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7455:Bhagat Bhikhan 7452: 7450:Bhagat Sadhana 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7425:Bhagat Ravidas 7422: 7416: 7409: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7373:Guru Hargobind 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7344: 7337: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7331: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7302: 7301: 7293: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7274: 7271: 7233:Samyak darśana 7106:Main article: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7091: 7084: 7076: 7073: 7072: 7071: 7070: 7055: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7019: 7015: 7014: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7006: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6976: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6941: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6920: 6917:Silappatikaram 6913: 6906: 6899: 6892: 6885: 6878: 6871: 6864: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6826: 6822: 6821: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6813: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6754: 6750: 6749: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6714: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6645: 6641: 6640: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6632: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6528: 6527: 6519: 6518: 6512: 6511: 6500: 6497: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6405: 6398: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6258: 6253: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6198: 6193: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6185: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6172:Pratyekabuddha 6169: 6164: 6159: 6153: 6148: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6127:Buddhist chant 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6048: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5988: 5985:Buddhist texts 5983: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5913: 5912: 5902: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5830: 5825: 5824: 5821: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5800: 5799: 5791: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5772: 5769: 5736: 5733: 5728: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5664: 5661: 5644:Vishistadvaita 5439:Vishistadvaita 5427:Main article: 5424: 5421: 5348: 5347: 5342: 5335: 5334: 5330: 5323: 5322: 5318: 5311: 5310: 5309: 5308: 5307: 5231: 5228: 5177:soteriological 5130: 5127: 5076: 5067: 5021: 5018: 4992: 4980: 4813:Daniel Ingalls 4804: 4801: 4794: 4774: 4732: 4731: 4722: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4633: 4630: 4606:Daniel Ingalls 4576: 4573: 4498: 4495: 4458: 4455: 4376:Daniel Ingalls 4356: 4353: 4302: 4299: 4255:soteriological 4251:Eschatological 4199: 4196: 4189: 4178: 4110: 4107: 4079: 4076: 3968:eschatological 3964:soteriological 3897: 3896: 3894: 3893: 3886: 3879: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3838: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3827: 3801: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3740: 3737: 3732: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3702: 3701: 3694:Discrimination 3690: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3652: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3610: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3595: 3588: 3585:Abirami Antati 3581: 3574: 3567: 3560: 3553: 3546: 3539: 3532: 3525: 3518: 3511: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3486: 3479: 3471: 3470: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3450: 3443: 3436: 3433:Ramcharitmanas 3429: 3422: 3415: 3408: 3401: 3394: 3387: 3384:Pramana Sutras 3380: 3373: 3366: 3359: 3356:Mimamsa Sutras 3352: 3349:Samkhya Sutras 3345: 3338: 3331: 3324: 3317: 3314:Dharma Shastra 3309: 3308: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3284: 3277: 3270: 3262: 3261: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3245: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3217: 3210: 3203: 3196: 3189: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3161: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3133: 3126: 3118: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3096: 3088: 3087: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3070: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3004: 2997: 2989: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2974: 2966: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2951: 2948:Shvetashvatara 2944: 2937: 2930: 2923: 2920:Brihadaranyaka 2915: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2900: 2892: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2839: 2832: 2825: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2761: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2730:Upasni Maharaj 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2556:Vedanta Desika 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2476:Samarth Ramdas 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2426:Purandara Dasa 2423: 2418: 2413: 2411:Nimbarkacharya 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2331:Jayanta Bhatta 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2110: 2107: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2053: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2036: 2029: 2022: 2015: 2008: 2001: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1954: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1934: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1866:Raksha Bandhan 1863: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1748:Simantonnayana 1745: 1740: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1697:Carnatic music 1694: 1689: 1684: 1682:Bhagavata Mela 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1626:Kundalini yoga 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1144: 1143: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1080: 1079: 1076:Stages of life 1074: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1037:God and gender 1034: 1029: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1004: 1003: 998: 987: 986: 981: 978: 977: 972: 970:Gross elements 967: 962: 957: 951: 950: 947: 944: 943: 938: 932: 931: 928: 925: 920: 919: 916: 915: 912: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 845: 844: 838: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 781: 780: 771: 770: 760: 757: 756: 751: 746: 740: 739: 734: 731: 730: 725: 720: 714: 713: 708: 705: 700: 699: 696: 695: 692: 691: 684: 681: 680: 675: 670: 665: 659: 658: 655: 652: 647: 646: 643: 642: 639: 638: 633: 628: 626:Itihasa-Purana 617: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 572: 569: 568: 565: 564: 563: 562: 557: 549: 548: 540: 539: 533: 532: 520: 519: 513: 512: 505: 499: 498: 479: 473: 472: 457: 451: 450: 431: 425: 424: 405: 399: 398: 379: 373: 372: 362: 361: 355: 354: 339: 333: 332: 317: 311: 310: 295: 289: 288: 273: 267: 266: 251: 245: 244: 229: 223: 222: 207: 201: 200: 185: 179: 178: 163: 157: 156: 141: 135: 134: 119: 113: 112: 97: 91: 90: 75: 69: 68: 49: 43: 42: 39: 35: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15877: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15841: 15838: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15822: 15820: 15805: 15804:Well of Souls 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15774:Millennialism 15772: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15751: 15748: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15729: 15727: 15725: 15721: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15701: 15699: 15697: 15693: 15687: 15684: 15683: 15681: 15679: 15675: 15668: 15667: 15665: 15663: 15659: 15653: 15650: 15649: 15647: 15645: 15641: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15611: 15609: 15607: 15603: 15600: 15598: 15594: 15584: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15575: 15573: 15571: 15567: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15552: 15550: 15548: 15544: 15538: 15535: 15534: 15532: 15530: 15526: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15506: 15504: 15502: 15498: 15492: 15489: 15488: 15486: 15484: 15480: 15474: 15471: 15470: 15468: 15466: 15462: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15440: 15439: 15436: 15435: 15433: 15431: 15427: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15382: 15380: 15378: 15374: 15366: 15363: 15362: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15344: 15343:Brahmā worlds 15341: 15340: 15339: 15336: 15332: 15329: 15327: 15324: 15322: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15298: 15297: 15294: 15293: 15291: 15289: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277:Eastern/Asian 15274: 15264: 15261: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15250: 15248: 15246: 15242: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15192: 15190: 15188: 15184: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15149: 15147: 15145: 15141: 15135: 15132: 15131: 15129: 15127: 15123: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15096: 15095: 15092: 15091: 15089: 15087: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15072: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15053: 15051: 15049: 15045: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15021: 15020: 15018: 15016: 15012: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14972: 14970: 14968: 14964: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14947:New Jerusalem 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14921: 14918: 14917: 14916: 14913: 14909: 14908:Throne of God 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14898:Seven heavens 14896: 14895: 14894: 14891: 14890: 14888: 14886: 14882: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14862: 14860: 14858: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14843: 14838: 14831: 14826: 14824: 14819: 14817: 14812: 14811: 14808: 14796: 14788: 14786: 14782: 14778: 14776: 14768: 14767: 14765: 14755: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14739: 14738: 14737: 14736:Hindu temples 14734: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14720: 14717: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14686: 14685: 14682: 14678: 14675: 14674: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14661: 14658: 14657: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14640:Hindu studies 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14610:Denominations 14608: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14596: 14595: 14594: 14591: 14590: 14588: 14586: 14582: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14553: 14551: 14547: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14522: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14498: 14497: 14494: 14490: 14487: 14485: 14482: 14480: 14477: 14475: 14472: 14470: 14467: 14465: 14462: 14460: 14457: 14456: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14420: 14419:Vijayadashami 14417: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14406: 14405: 14402: 14400: 14397: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14381: 14379: 14377: 14373: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14346: 14345: 14342: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14319: 14318: 14315: 14314: 14312: 14308: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14242: 14239: 14237: 14236:Simantonayana 14234: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14223: 14221: 14219: 14215: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14194: 14191: 14189: 14186: 14184: 14181: 14179: 14176: 14174: 14171: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14159: 14156: 14154: 14151: 14150: 14148: 14146: 14142: 14139: 14135: 14125: 14124: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14113: 14110: 14108: 14105: 14103: 14100: 14098: 14095: 14093: 14090: 14088: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14073: 14070: 14068: 14065: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14047: 14046: 14043: 14042: 14040: 14038: 14034: 14028: 14027: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13950: 13949: 13946: 13945: 13943: 13941: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13928: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13875: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13844: 13842: 13840: 13836: 13830: 13829: 13825: 13823: 13822:Yoga Vasistha 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13782: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13745: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13733:Bhagavad Gita 13731: 13730: 13728: 13726: 13722: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13687: 13685: 13683: 13679: 13673: 13672:Sthapatyaveda 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13654: 13652: 13650: 13646: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13572: 13570: 13568: 13564: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13544: 13542: 13538: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13513: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13501: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13486: 13484: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13471: 13452: 13448: 13445: 13441: 13440: 13436: 13434: 13433: 13429: 13427: 13426: 13422: 13421: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13391: 13388: 13387: 13385: 13383: 13379: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13327: 13326: 13323: 13322: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13298: 13297: 13294: 13293: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13256: 13254: 13252: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13239: 13233: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13221: 13218: 13212: 13208: 13204: 13196: 13191: 13189: 13184: 13182: 13177: 13176: 13173: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12995:Parinama-vada 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12707: 12705: 12701: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12619:Padmasambhāva 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12524:Maṇḍana Miśra 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12514:Abhinavagupta 12512: 12510: 12507: 12506: 12504: 12500: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12488: 12487:Yoga Vasistha 12484: 12482: 12481: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12464: 12460: 12456: 12453: 12452: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12445: 12441: 12439: 12438: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12411: 12407: 12405: 12404: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12380:All 108 texts 12378: 12377: 12376: 12375: 12371: 12369: 12368: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12351: 12350:Dharmashastra 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12339: 12335: 12333: 12332: 12328: 12326: 12325: 12324:Bhagavad Gita 12321: 12319: 12318: 12314: 12312: 12311: 12307: 12306: 12304: 12300: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12278:Integral yoga 12276: 12275: 12273: 12269: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12247: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12223:Shuddhadvaita 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12195: 12194: 12191: 12190: 12188: 12184: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12148: 12147: 12143: 12140: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12127: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12107: 12105: 12103: 12099: 12093: 12090: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12077: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12042: 12039: 12038: 12036: 12034: 12030: 12027: 12023: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11973: 11971: 11967: 11963: 11956: 11951: 11949: 11944: 11942: 11937: 11936: 11933: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11895: 11894: 11893:Denominations 11891: 11889: 11886: 11885: 11883: 11879: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11852:Reincarnation 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11834: 11832: 11830:Other related 11828: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11794: 11790: 11786: 11785:Pind Sammelan 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11770:Niravapanjali 11768: 11767: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11738: 11735: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11728: 11726: 11722: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11707: 11705: 11701: 11697: 11693: 11686: 11681: 11679: 11674: 11672: 11667: 11666: 11663: 11659: 11658:at Wikiquote 11657: 11652: 11638: 11632: 11628: 11623: 11622: 11611: 11606: 11602: 11596: 11592: 11587: 11583: 11577: 11573: 11568: 11564:, Grove Press 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11544: 11538: 11534: 11530: 11525: 11521: 11515: 11511: 11510: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11498:public domain 11488: 11482: 11478: 11474: 11473: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11461:public domain 11451: 11450: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11420: 11414: 11410: 11405: 11401: 11395: 11391: 11386: 11385: 11378: 11375:December 2023 11368: 11364: 11363:add the ISBNs 11358: 11356: 11351:This section 11349: 11345: 11340: 11339: 11326: 11321: 11315:, pages 53–54 11314: 11310: 11304: 11302: 11300: 11298: 11290: 11286: 11280: 11278: 11276: 11268: 11263: 11256: 11251: 11244: 11239: 11237: 11229: 11224: 11217: 11212: 11205: 11200: 11198: 11190: 11185: 11177: 11171: 11167: 11160: 11152: 11146: 11142: 11141: 11133: 11125: 11119: 11115: 11114: 11106: 11104: 11095: 11089: 11085: 11084: 11076: 11069: 11064: 11057: 11052: 11045: 11040: 11032: 11026: 11022: 11021: 11013: 11011: 11009: 11007: 11005: 10997: 10993: 10989: 10985: 10979: 10972: 10967: 10959: 10953: 10949: 10948: 10940: 10932: 10926: 10922: 10921: 10913: 10905: 10899: 10895: 10894: 10886: 10878: 10872: 10868: 10867: 10859: 10851: 10845: 10841: 10840: 10832: 10824: 10818: 10814: 10813: 10805: 10798: 10793: 10786: 10781: 10774: 10769: 10763:, p. 42. 10762: 10757: 10750: 10745: 10737: 10731: 10727: 10722: 10721: 10712: 10710: 10702: 10698: 10692: 10686: 10682: 10681: 10673: 10664: 10656: 10650: 10646: 10645: 10637: 10630: 10624: 10617: 10611: 10602: 10595: 10588: 10580: 10579:0-7914-3904-6 10576: 10572: 10569: 10565: 10561: 10560: 10558: 10552: 10546: 10542: 10536: 10529: 10525: 10520: 10513: 10509: 10503: 10494: 10491: 10487: 10483: 10482: 10478: 10471: 10465: 10458: 10454: 10448: 10439: 10430: 10422: 10421: 10413: 10397: 10393: 10391: 10383: 10381: 10379: 10377: 10360: 10356: 10354: 10346: 10344: 10342: 10325: 10321: 10315: 10309: 10308: 10301: 10299: 10297: 10295: 10286: 10280: 10276: 10269: 10260: 10252: 10245: 10236: 10229: 10223: 10216: 10212: 10206: 10204: 10202: 10192: 10183: 10179: 10175: 10172: 10171:1-57062-935-8 10168: 10164: 10161: 10158: 10157:0-8239-2287-1 10154: 10150: 10149: 10145: 10138: 10137:81-208-0262-4 10134: 10128: 10119: 10117: 10109: 10105: 10099: 10097: 10090: 10086: 10080: 10078: 10076: 10074: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10056: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10029: 10025: 10019: 10012: 10008: 10002: 9996: 9992: 9988: 9983: 9976: 9972: 9966: 9964: 9962: 9953: 9947: 9943: 9942: 9934: 9926: 9920: 9916: 9915: 9907: 9899: 9893: 9889: 9888: 9880: 9872: 9866: 9862: 9861: 9853: 9851: 9842: 9836: 9832: 9827: 9826: 9817: 9809: 9803: 9799: 9798: 9790: 9782: 9776: 9772: 9771: 9763: 9755: 9749: 9745: 9744: 9736: 9729: 9725: 9720: 9716: 9710: 9702: 9696: 9692: 9691: 9685: 9680: 9674: 9670: 9669: 9663: 9658: 9652: 9648: 9647: 9641: 9637: 9635: 9625: 9623: 9621: 9613: 9607: 9605:81-208-1691-9 9601: 9597: 9590: 9588: 9586: 9578: 9574: 9568: 9561: 9557: 9551: 9544: 9538: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9517: 9508: 9504: 9501: 9497: 9493: 9492: 9488: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9467: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9448: 9442: 9433: 9432:1-85973-739-0 9429: 9425: 9421: 9418: 9414: 9410: 9406: 9405:Mircea Eliade 9403: 9402: 9398: 9391: 9390:0-8153-3612-8 9387: 9383: 9377: 9368: 9364: 9361: 9357: 9353: 9349: 9346: 9342: 9341: 9337: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9312: 9305: 9300: 9293: 9288: 9279: 9275: 9271: 9267: 9264: 9260: 9256: 9255:Picturing God 9252: 9251: 9247: 9245: 9237: 9233: 9229: 9223: 9216: 9212: 9208: 9202: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9181: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9160: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9139: 9132: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9068: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9026: 9022: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9002: 8993: 8983: 8980: 8979: 8975: 8968: 8962: 8960: 8950: 8947: 8944: 8943: 8939: 8930: 8928: 8926: 8916: 8907: 8905: 8895: 8893: 8882: 8873: 8870: 8869: 8865: 8856: 8853: 8852: 8848: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8823: 8822:0-8153-3608-X 8819: 8813: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8786: 8783: 8779: 8775: 8774: 8770: 8763: 8762:0-89581-924-4 8759: 8753: 8745: 8738: 8736: 8728: 8722: 8713: 8709: 8706: 8702: 8698: 8697: 8693: 8684: 8681: 8677: 8673: 8670: 8669: 8665: 8659: 8655: 8651: 8646: 8644: 8642: 8634: 8628: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8606: 8602: 8596: 8581: 8577: 8571: 8564: 8560: 8554: 8547: 8543: 8537: 8528: 8524: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8512: 8510: 8503: 8499: 8496: 8495: 8491: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8471: 8462: 8458: 8454: 8451: 8447: 8443: 8442:Julius Lipner 8439: 8438: 8434: 8425: 8421: 8418: 8417:0-415-17281-0 8414: 8410: 8407: 8403: 8400: 8399:9789993624318 8396: 8392: 8391: 8387: 8377: 8368: 8364: 8360: 8357: 8353: 8349: 8346: 8345:0-8153-3608-X 8342: 8338: 8337: 8333: 8326: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8309: 8305: 8299: 8283: 8279: 8277: 8273: 8265: 8261: 8249: 8245: 8239: 8235: 8223: 8214: 8211: 8208: 8204: 8203: 8199: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8187: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8176: 8170: 8166: 8153: 8150: 8142: 8139:December 2023 8132: 8128: 8122: 8121: 8116:This article 8114: 8105: 8104: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8084: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8067: 8060: 8058: 8052: 8046: 8042: 8038: 8034: 8030: 8021: 8019: 8015: 8011: 8007: 7995: 7990: 7988: 7983: 7981: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7956: 7955: 7954: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7925: 7924: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7848: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7819:Damdama Sahib 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7796: 7793: 7787: 7780: 7779: 7772: 7771: 7767: 7765: 7764: 7760: 7758: 7757: 7753: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7745: 7742: 7735: 7734: 7727: 7726:Antam Sanskar 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7716:Amrit Sanskar 7714: 7712: 7709: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7647: 7644: 7637: 7636: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7587: 7585: 7584: 7580: 7579: 7576: 7569: 7568: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7535:Bhatt Mathura 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7520:Bhatt Harbans 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7495:Bhatt Kalshar 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7485:Bhagat Jaidev 7483: 7481: 7480:Bhagat Surdas 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7470:Bhagat Dhanna 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7445:Bhagat Namdev 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7417: 7414: 7407: 7406: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7358:Guru Amar Das 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7345: 7342: 7335: 7334: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7305: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7294: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7278: 7270: 7268: 7267: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7229: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7184: 7182: 7178: 7177: 7172: 7171: 7166: 7165: 7160: 7156: 7155: 7151:often termed 7150: 7146: 7143:Jainism is a 7141: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7109: 7097: 7092: 7090: 7085: 7083: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7058: 7057: 7056: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7020: 7012: 7011: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6979: 6969: 6968: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6934: 6933: 6926: 6925: 6921: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6912: 6911: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6900: 6898: 6897: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6886: 6884: 6883: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6872: 6870: 6869: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6819: 6818: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6800:Samantabhadra 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6780: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6751:Major figures 6747: 6746: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6728:Navkar Mantra 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6707: 6706: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6664:Satya (truth) 6662: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6638: 6637: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6496: 6494: 6493: 6488: 6487: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6472: 6466: 6464: 6459: 6457: 6453: 6452:panna-vimutti 6449: 6445: 6444:panna-vimutti 6441: 6437: 6433: 6427: 6423: 6411: 6406: 6404: 6399: 6397: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6372: 6371: 6370: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6256: 6251: 6250: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6196: 6191: 6190: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6151: 6146: 6145: 6138: 6137:Vegetarianism 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6092:Recollections 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6062:Five precepts 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6046: 6041: 6040: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6027:Chinese canon 6025: 6023: 6022:Tibetan canon 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5981: 5980: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5877: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5828: 5823: 5822: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5776: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5732: 5725: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5660: 5658: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5600: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5581: 5576: 5575: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5541: 5539: 5538: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5430: 5420: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5352: 5339: 5327: 5315: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5240:Knut Jacobsen 5237: 5236:mokshaśāstras 5227: 5225: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5180: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5169:Brahmi sthiti 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5145: 5140: 5136: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5090: 5081: 5074: 5065: 5063: 5059: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5008:transcending 5006: 4997: 4990: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4953: 4949: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4917: 4915: 4907: 4902: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4866:. Instead of 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4792: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4761:bhakti school 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4736: 4726: 4717: 4715: 4711: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4661: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4586: 4582:, one of the 4581: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4494: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4447: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4352: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4275: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4261: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4226: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4187: 4176: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4144: 4143: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4090: 4084: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4018: 4017:in Hinduism. 4016: 4012: 4011: 4006: 4005: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3919: 3909: 3905: 3904: 3892: 3887: 3885: 3880: 3878: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3869: 3864: 3854: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3840: 3839: 3832: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3764:Hindu culture 3762: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3730: 3729: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3716:Organisations 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3587: 3586: 3582: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3487: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3451: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3442: 3441: 3440:Yoga Vasistha 3437: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3405:Natya Shastra 3402: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3342:Brahma Sutras 3339: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3316: 3315: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3288:Sthapatyaveda 3285: 3283: 3282: 3281:Gandharvaveda 3278: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3269: 3268: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3244: 3243: 3242:Varaha Purana 3239: 3237: 3236: 3235:Skanda Purana 3232: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3174: 3173: 3172:Brahma Purana 3169: 3167: 3166: 3165:Garuda Purana 3162: 3160: 3159: 3158:Matsya Purana 3155: 3153: 3152: 3151:Vāmana Purana 3148: 3146: 3145: 3141: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3125: 3124: 3123:Vishnu Purana 3120: 3119: 3115: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3067:Bhagavad Gita 3064: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2833: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2762: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2650:Radhakrishnan 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2630:Narayana Guru 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2610:Jaggi Vasudev 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2600:Chinmayananda 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2461:Ramprasad Sen 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2311:Gorakshanatha 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2256:Allama Prabhu 2254: 2252: 2251:Akka Mahadevi 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2241:Abhinavagupta 2239: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2190:Prashastapada 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2100: 2099: 2092: 2089: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2050:Other schools 2048: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2035: 2034: 2030: 2028: 2027: 2026:Shuddhadvaita 2023: 2021: 2020: 2016: 2014: 2013: 2009: 2007: 2006: 2002: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1947: 1946: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1707:Kalaripayattu 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1642:Bharatanatyam 1640: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1521:Nritta-Nritya 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1418: 1414: 1413: 1407: 1406: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 993: 992: 989: 988: 984: 980: 979: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 952: 946: 945: 942: 939: 937: 934: 933: 927: 926: 923: 918: 917: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 846: 843: 840: 839: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 782: 779: 777: 773: 772: 768: 764: 759: 758: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 741: 737: 733: 732: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 715: 711: 707: 706: 703: 698: 697: 689: 688: 683: 682: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 660: 654: 653: 650: 645: 644: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 623: 622: 621: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 581: 578: 577: 575: 567: 566: 561: 558: 556: 553: 552: 551: 550: 546: 542: 541: 538: 535: 534: 530: 526: 525: 518: 514: 510: 506: 504: 500: 495: 490: 480: 478: 474: 469: 458: 456: 452: 447: 442: 432: 430: 426: 421: 416: 406: 404: 400: 395: 390: 380: 378: 374: 367: 360: 356: 351: 340: 338: 334: 329: 318: 316: 312: 307: 296: 294: 290: 285: 274: 272: 268: 263: 252: 250: 246: 241: 230: 228: 224: 219: 208: 206: 202: 197: 186: 184: 180: 175: 164: 162: 158: 153: 142: 140: 136: 131: 120: 118: 114: 109: 98: 96: 92: 87: 76: 74: 70: 65: 60: 50: 48: 44: 40: 36: 29: 26: 22: 15606:Mesoamerican 15438:Three Worlds 15311:Animal world 15296:Desire Realm 15038:Spirit world 14952:Pearly gates 14903:Third Heaven 14885:Christianity 14746:Architecture 14349:Brahmacharya 14291:Samavartanam 14256:Annaprashana 14122: 14025: 13826: 13780:Dharmaśāstra 13770:Arthashastra 13605:Maitrayaniya 13437: 13430: 13423: 13345:Brahmacharya 13315: 13095:Iccha-mrityu 13060:Satkaryavada 12960:Nididhyasana 12954: 12945:Matsya Nyaya 12679:Madhvacharya 12509:Adi Shankara 12502:Philosophers 12485: 12478: 12461: 12442: 12435: 12426:Shiva Sutras 12416:Sangam texts 12408: 12401: 12392:Nyāya Sūtras 12372: 12365: 12348: 12338:Brahma Sutra 12337: 12329: 12322: 12317:Arthashastra 12315: 12308: 12250:Pratyabhijna 12130:Anekantavada 12015: 11804:Pitru Paksha 11709: 11648: 11626: 11609: 11590: 11571: 11561: 11551: 11528: 11508: 11490: 11471: 11453: 11448: 11437: 11427: 11408: 11389: 11372: 11367:citation bot 11361:Please help 11352: 11327:P534, 2.3.29 11320: 11262: 11257:, p. 7. 11250: 11223: 11211: 11191:, p. 6. 11184: 11165: 11159: 11139: 11132: 11112: 11082: 11075: 11063: 11051: 11039: 11019: 10995: 10983: 10978: 10966: 10946: 10939: 10919: 10912: 10892: 10885: 10865: 10858: 10838: 10831: 10811: 10804: 10792: 10780: 10768: 10756: 10744: 10719: 10700: 10696: 10679: 10672: 10663: 10643: 10636: 10628: 10623: 10610: 10601: 10587: 10551: 10535: 10524:Paul Deussen 10519: 10502: 10477: 10469: 10464: 10459:, Chapter 19 10447: 10438: 10429: 10419: 10412: 10400:. 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D. Ranade 2516:Śyāma Śastri 2511:Swaminarayan 2471:Rupa Goswami 2381:Morya Gosavi 2341:Jiva Goswami 2246:Adi Shankara 2072:Pratyabhijña 2038: 2031: 2024: 2017: 2010: 2003: 1996: 1803:Samavartanam 1783:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ 1768:Annaprashana 1692:Dandiya Raas 1667:Mohiniyattam 1560:Nididhyāsana 1365:Epistemology 1297:Brahmacharya 1177:Ātman (self) 1140: 1132: 1084:Brahmacharya 1067: 1013:Saccidānanda 965:Panchikarana 841: 774: 765: / 761:Other major 685: 619: 618: 573: 25: 15840:Puruṣārthas 15448:Madhya Loka 15443:Urdhva Loka 15316:Human world 15167:Neorxnawang 15077:mythologies 14795:WikiProject 14667:Persecution 14655:Nationalism 14645:Iconography 14525:Ratha Yatra 14436:Janmashtami 14431:Rama Navami 14359:Vanaprastha 14310:Varnashrama 14286:Ritushuddhi 14271:Vidyarambha 14261:Chudakarana 14251:Nishkramana 14226:Garbhadhana 13867:Thirukkural 13862:Thiruppugal 13790:Nāradasmṛti 13753:Mahabharata 13531:Atharvaveda 13409:Vaisheshika 13296:Puruṣārthas 13140:Vivartavada 13030:Rājamaṇḍala 12985:Paramananda 12785:Apauruṣheyā 12780:Anupalabdhi 12639:Vivekananda 12604:Dharmakirti 12564:Buddhaghosa 12554:Yājñavalkya 12361:Jain Agamas 12356:Hindu texts 12235:Navya-Nyāya 12171:Svatantrika 12166:Sautrāntika 12055:Vaisheshika 11780:Rasam Pagri 11477:Uttarakhand 11430:, Routledge 11365:or run the 11334:Works cited 10971:Harvey 2013 10797:Harvey 2013 10785:Rahula 2007 10749:Harvey 2016 10570:, pp 53–79; 10184:, pp 93–140 9461:, Chapter 4 9419:, pp 33–34; 9362:pp. 113–161 9125:, page 63; 9105:, page 64, 9083:0-415215277 8784:, pp 83–100 8452:, pp 11–21; 8325:Sharma 2000 8288:17 February 8075:Naam Simran 7829:Hazur Sahib 7824:Patna Sahib 7721:Anand Karaj 7680:The Five Ks 7600:Vand Chakkō 7560:Balvand Rai 7550:Baba Sundar 7530:Bhatt Kirat 7525:Bhatt Jalap 7510:Bhatt Bhika 7505:Bhatt Bhalh 7475:Bhagat Pipa 7465:Bhagat Sain 7440:Bhagat Beni 7266:Siddhashila 7257:moksha marg 7181:Paul Dundas 7048:Topics list 6973:Pilgrimages 6924:Valayapathi 6823:Major sects 6810:Yashovijaya 6614:Brahmacarya 6322:New Zealand 6177:Bodhisattva 6162:Four Stages 6117:Monasticism 6097:Mindfulness 6067:Perfections 5997:Early Texts 5687:videhamukti 5633:Bhakti Yoga 5411:begins the 5409:Madhavadeva 5395:denies the 5369:Bhakti Yoga 5331:Bhakti yoga 5238:, suggests 5165:Brahmajnana 5161:Brahmabhava 5139:Keval jnana 5028:, nirvana ( 4889:, suggests 4656:, the word 4580:Vaishnavism 4557:theocentric 4368:Vaishnavism 4337:videhamukti 4245:jivan-mukti 4142:videhamukti 3817:and Judaism 3813:and Sikhism 3781:Iconography 3706:Nationalism 3699:Persecution 3483:Shiva Stuti 3377:Yoga Sutras 3207:Agni Purana 3109:Other texts 3100:Mahabharata 2843:Atharvaveda 2740:Vivekananda 2665:Rama Tirtha 2660:Ramakrishna 2635:Nigamananda 2625:Mahesh Yogi 2501:Sripadaraja 2491:Siddheshwar 2386:Mukundarāja 2366:Madhusūdana 2356:Kanaka Dasa 2281:Chakradhara 2225:Yajnavalkya 2215:Vishvamitra 2084:Pancharatra 1982:Vaisheshika 1938:Ratha Yatra 1886:Janmashtami 1881:Rama Navami 1798:Ritushuddhi 1773:Chudakarana 1763:Nishkramana 1733:Garbhadhana 1702:Pandav Lila 1611:Bhakti yoga 1496:Prāyaścitta 1267:Niti śastra 1115:Bhakti yoga 1094:Vānaprastha 909:Vishvakarma 842:Post-Vedic: 678:Vaishnavism 620:Traditional 15819:Categories 15799:Utopianism 15794:Underworld 15784:Otherworld 15704:Summerland 15619:Tamoanchan 15560:Hamistagan 15473:Sach Khand 15420:Akshardham 15338:Form Realm 15220:Myth of Er 15114:Tech Duinn 15104:Tír na nÓg 15094:Otherworld 14496:Kumbh Mela 14464:Gudi Padwa 14409:Durga Puja 14394:Shivaratri 14266:Karnavedha 14246:Namakarana 14208:Tirthatana 13975:Dattatreya 13812:Subhashita 13785:Manusmriti 13662:Dhanurveda 13595:Taittiriya 13580:Kaushitaki 13567:Upanishads 13340:Aparigraha 13242:Philosophy 13090:Svātantrya 12980:Paramatman 12935:Kshetrajna 12910:Ishvaratva 12850:Cittabhumi 12845:Chidabhasa 12795:Asiddhatva 12715:Abhasavada 12689:Guru Nanak 12624:Vasubandhu 12450:Upanishads 12444:Tirukkuṟaḷ 12403:Panchadasi 12208:Bhedabheda 12156:Madhyamaka 11996:Monotheism 11910:Philosophy 11898:Sampradaya 11636:1594775176 11255:Cort 2001a 11243:Jaini 1998 11228:Jaini 1998 11204:Cort 2001a 11068:Jaini 1980 11056:Jaini 1980 11044:Jaini 1980 10992:0521365058 10761:Spiro 1982 10627:Gombrich, 10330:3 November 10228:Sarma 1966 10139:, pp 45–60 10110:, pp 74–82 9715:Yoga Sutra 9482:, pp 74–82 9175:, pp 63–84 8886:reference. 8607:, pp 50–52 8565:, pp 74–83 8463:, pp. 1–29 8381:(moksha)." 8131:footnoting 8099:References 7881:Literature 7866:Panj Pyare 7809:Akal Takht 7770:Five Banis 7711:Naam Karan 7670:Amrit Velā 7591:Kirat Karō 7574:Philosophy 7555:Satta Doom 7545:Bhatt Salh 7540:Bhatt Nalh 7500:Bhatt Balh 7368:Guru Arjan 7353:Guru Angad 7348:Guru Nanak 7340:Sikh gurus 7253:samyak tap 7222:Śvētāmbara 6960:Samvatsari 6955:Paryushana 6838:Śvetāmbara 6805:Haribhadra 6795:Siddhasena 6790:Kundakunda 6698:Sallekhana 6624:Gunasthana 6619:Aparigraha 6561:Philosophy 6195:Traditions 6132:Pilgrimage 6072:Meditation 6032:Post-canon 6012:Pāli Canon 5942:Middle Way 5839:The Buddha 5683:jivanmukti 5679:jivanmukti 5674:jivanmukta 5669:jivanmukti 5593:Jnana Yoga 5580:Paramatman 5516:temperance 5454:mumuksutva 5373:Karma Yoga 5365:Jñāna Yoga 5343:Rāja marga 5319:Jñāna yoga 5157:Paramapada 5153:Nihsreyasa 5080:Yoga Sutra 5024:The words 4977:suggests: 4937:adhiyajnam 4933:adhibhutam 4757:Upanishads 4626:Max Müller 4333:jivanmukti 4137:karmamukti 4133:jivanmukti 4048:nihsreyasa 4015:Puruṣārtha 3657:Varna-less 3529:Tiruppukal 3490:Vayu Stuti 3454:Panchadasi 3447:Swara yoga 3335:Kama Sutra 3274:Dhanurveda 2934:Taittiriya 2912:Yajurveda: 2904:Kaushitaki 2881:Upanishads 2873:Upanishads 2797:Scriptures 2645:Prabhupada 2561:Vidyaranya 2446:Ram Charan 2421:Prabhākara 2336:Jayatīrtha 2291:Dadu Dayal 2286:Chāngadeva 2145:Bharadwaja 2135:Ashtavakra 1901:Kumbh Mela 1849:Durga Puja 1778:Karnavedha 1758:Nāmakaraṇa 1687:Yakshagana 1616:Karma yoga 1606:Jnana yoga 1601:Hatha yoga 1538:Meditation 1511:Tirthadana 1292:Aparigraha 1148:Paramātman 1133:Liberation 1125:Karma yoga 1120:Jnana yoga 849:Dattatreya 649:Traditions 574:Historical 509:giải thoát 503:Vietnamese 15855:Salvation 15696:Theosophy 15453:Adho Loka 15405:Vaikuntha 15365:Sukhavati 15360:Pure land 15306:Pretaloka 15279:religions 15157:Fólkvangr 15048:Mandaeism 15015:Mormonism 14942:Purgatory 14848:religions 14846:Abrahamic 14839:locations 14837:Afterlife 14719:Theosophy 14650:Mythology 14630:Criticism 14598:Etymology 14556:Svādhyāya 14455:New Year 14404:Navaratri 14376:Festivals 14354:Grihastha 14327:Kshatriya 14301:Antyeshti 14276:Upanayana 14241:Jatakarma 14231:Pumsavana 14218:Sanskaras 14183:Naivedhya 14137:Practices 14082:Mahavidya 14050:Saraswati 14037:Goddesses 13995:Kartikeya 13892:Athichudi 13847:Tirumurai 13700:Vyākaraṇa 13667:Natyaveda 13615:Chandogya 13540:Divisions 13521:Yajurveda 12950:Mithyatva 12840:Chaitanya 12835:Catuṣkoṭi 12800:Asatkalpa 12775:Anavastha 12750:Aishvarya 12669:Sakayanya 12664:Sadananda 12629:Gaudapada 12614:Nagarjuna 12569:Patañjali 12385:Principal 12367:Kamasutra 12161:Yogachara 12080:Raseśvara 11903:Parampara 11862:Vaitarani 11766:rituals: 11737:Shmashana 11531:, Delhi: 11291:, page 17 11267:Jain 1992 11216:Fohr 2015 11189:Jain 2011 11140:The Jains 11020:The Jains 10365:3 January 9354:, Vol 5, 9230:, Vol 1, 9209:, Vol 1, 9188:, Vol 1, 9146:, Vol 1, 8257:Citations 8238:asamskrta 7901:Criticism 7740:Scripture 7642:Practices 7583:Naam Japo 7218:Digambara 7033:Jain flag 7023:Ekendriya 6998:Shikharji 6938:Festivals 6833:Digambara 6785:Ganadhara 6574:Cosmology 6342:Sri Lanka 6332:Singapore 6287:Indonesia 6227:Vajrayāna 6202:Theravāda 6157:Awakening 6045:Practices 6002:Tripiṭaka 5972:Cosmology 5947:Emptiness 5927:Suffering 5624:Adishakti 5612:Vaishnava 5537:samadhana 5377:Rāja Yoga 5359:Yoga, or 5192:Svadharma 5062:Patanjali 4941:adhyatmam 4929:adhilokam 4735:Sarasvati 4561:salvation 4510:vyavahara 4470:Nagarjuna 4216:suffering 4078:Etymology 3980:. In its 3831:Criticism 3825:and Islam 3786:Mythology 3639:Kshatriya 3571:Athichudi 3508:Tirumurai 3426:Tirumurai 3035:Vyākaraṇa 2971:Chandogya 2963:Samaveda: 2851:Divisions 2829:Yajurveda 2789:Ātmatuṣṭi 2745:Yogananda 2720:Trailanga 2715:Sivananda 2580:Aurobindo 2566:Vyasaraja 2531:Tyagaraja 2481:Sankardev 2451:Ramananda 2346:Jñāneśvar 2321:Harivansh 2306:Gaudapada 2271:Chaitanya 2210:Vashistha 2180:Patanjali 2160:Jamadagni 2079:Vaishnava 2067:Pashupata 1844:Navaratri 1821:Festivals 1788:Upanayana 1753:Jatakarma 1738:Pumsavana 1657:Kuchipudi 1652:Kathakali 1621:Rāja yoga 1555:Samādhāna 1436:Prarthana 1410:Practices 1337:Svādhyāya 941:Mythology 936:Cosmology 929:Worldview 874:Kartikeya 805:Prajapati 744:Saraswati 183:Malayalam 15709:Devachan 15629:Tlālōcān 15570:Tengrism 15529:Japanese 15390:Ādi Śeṣa 15377:Hinduism 15288:Buddhism 15230:Tartarus 15225:Empyrean 15162:Valhalla 15144:Germanic 15109:Mag Mell 15075:European 14990:Jahannam 14980:As-Sirāt 14937:Paradise 14870:Gehinnom 14865:Gan Eden 14775:Category 14726:Glossary 14694:Buddhism 14660:Hindutva 14620:Calendar 14501:Haridwar 14479:Vaisakhi 14474:Puthandu 14364:Sannyasa 14281:Keshanta 14112:Shashthi 13948:Trimurti 13775:Nitisara 13748:Ramayana 13743:Itihasas 13715:Jyotisha 13657:Ayurveda 13649:Upavedas 13630:Mandukya 13575:Aitareya 13557:Aranyaka 13552:Brahmana 13526:Samaveda 13451:Charvaka 13251:Concepts 13232:Timeline 13224:Glossary 13207:Hinduism 13115:Tanmatra 13110:Tajjalan 13100:Syādvāda 13000:Pradhana 12975:Padārtha 12940:Lakshana 12885:Ekagrata 12730:Adrishta 12725:Adarsana 12703:Concepts 12684:Mahavira 12649:Ramanuja 12599:Chanakya 12534:Avatsara 12529:Valluvar 12469:Vedangas 12283:Gandhism 12186:Medieval 12135:Syādvāda 12120:Charvaka 12092:Pāṇiniya 11986:Idealism 11881:See also 11857:Samskara 11789:Terahvin 11764:Antyesti 11731:Antyesti 11696:Hinduism 10402:20 March 10013:, pp 342 9977:, pp 117 9280:, pp 543 8652:(2012), 8498:Archived 8494:vimoksha 8484:Vimoksha 8310:, p. 650 8276:vimoksha 8175:Sanskrit 8127:citation 8087:See also 8063:— 8010:Gurmukhi 7861:Waheguru 7851:Ik Onkar 7799:Gurdwara 7707:(Turban) 7328:Glossary 7282:a series 7280:Part of 7145:Sramanic 6988:Palitana 6773:Mahavira 6763:Rishabha 6693:Sāmāyika 6544:Timeline 6508:a series 6506:Part of 6492:non-Self 6463:becoming 6432:Buddhism 6352:Thailand 6312:Mongolia 6307:Malaysia 6272:Cambodia 6237:Navayana 6217:Hinayana 6212:Mahāyāna 6122:Lay life 5952:Morality 5932:Not-self 5890:Concepts 5849:Councils 5834:Timeline 5806:Glossary 5788:Buddhism 5780:a series 5778:Part of 5771:Buddhism 5720:matters; 5648:Ramanuja 5561:anubhava 5413:Namghoxa 5303:kaivalya 5295:vairāgya 5251:kaivalya 5149:Apavarga 5144:kaivalya 5129:Hinduism 5077:— 5041:; while 5039:not self 5034:kaivalya 5020:Synonyms 4993:— 4965:. Yogic 4864:Kumarila 4795:— 4753:kaivalya 4545:Gnostics 4541:Plotinus 4446:viaticum 4231:kaivalya 4190:— 4153:saṃsāra. 4072:Hinduism 4040:apavarga 4035:kaivalya 4026:vimoksha 3946:Buddhism 3942:Hinduism 3925:vimoksha 3908:Sanskrit 3844:Glossary 3776:Calendar 3711:Hindutva 3634:Brahmana 3305:samhitas 3297:Shastras 3267:Ayurveda 3258:Upavedas 3093:Ramayana 3084:Itihasas 3050:Jyotisha 3017:Vedangas 3001:Mandukya 2897:Aitareya 2889:Rigveda: 2868:Aranyaka 2863:Brahmana 2836:Samaveda 2551:Valluvar 2546:Vallabha 2526:Tulsidas 2456:Ramanuja 2406:Nayanars 2391:Namadeva 2233:Medieval 2175:Kashyapa 2091:Charvaka 2062:Kapalika 1926:Puthandu 1916:Vaisakhi 1813:Antyesti 1793:Keshanta 1717:Adimurai 1712:Silambam 1677:Sattriya 1662:Manipuri 1347:Mitahara 1327:Santosha 1287:Achourya 1099:Sannyasa 1089:Gṛhastha 948:Ontology 922:Concepts 710:Trimurti 673:Smartism 668:Shaktism 663:Shaivism 537:Hinduism 529:a series 527:Part of 403:Japanese 337:Gujarati 328:mokshamu 306:vīdupēru 299:வீடுபேறு 139:Javanese 73:Assamese 47:Sanskrit 15714:Nirvana 15634:Xibalba 15614:Mictlān 15501:Chinese 15465:Sikhism 15430:Jainism 15410:Kailash 15355:Nirvana 15200:Elysium 15134:Tuonela 15000:Malakut 14985:Barzakh 14857:Judaism 14764:Outline 14714:Sikhism 14709:Judaism 14704:Jainism 14585:Related 14561:Namaste 14414:Ramlila 14344:Ashrama 14332:Vaishya 14322:Brahmin 14145:Worship 14097:Rukmini 14087:Matrika 14060:Parvati 14055:Lakshmi 14045:Tridevi 14000:Krishna 13985:Hanuman 13980:Ganesha 13931:Deities 13817:Tantras 13807:Stotras 13760:Puranas 13705:Nirukta 13695:Chandas 13690:Shiksha 13682:Vedanga 13635:Prashna 13625:Mundaka 13547:Samhita 13516:Rigveda 13447:Nāstika 13432:Advaita 13419:Vedanta 13414:Mīmāṃsā 13394:Samkhya 13382:Schools 13370:Akrodha 13289:Saṃsāra 13269:Ishvara 13259:Brahman 13160:More... 13130:Upekkhā 13125:Uparati 13105:Taijasa 13080:Śūnyatā 13050:Saṃsāra 13045:Samadhi 13010:Prakṛti 12965:Nirvāṇa 12915:Jivatva 12905:Ikshana 12860:Devatas 12830:Bhumika 12820:Brahman 12810:Avyakta 12755:Akrodha 12735:Advaita 12694:More... 12589:Jaimini 12493:More... 12203:Advaita 12193:Vedanta 12151:Śūnyatā 12110:Ājīvika 12102:Nāstika 12070:Vedanta 12065:Mīmāṃsā 12045:Samkhya 12025:Ancient 11981:Atomism 11976:Atheism 11888:History 11819:Samadhi 11809:Śrāddha 11775:Tarpana 11724:Rituals 9449:(ed.), 9434:, pp 15 8985:297–345 8476:gedatsu 8234:nirodha 8093:Henosis 8037:Siddhas 7675:Dasvand 7323:History 7318:Outline 7290:Sikhism 7273:Sikhism 7245:tattvas 7205:Ājīvika 7200:Abhavya 7196:Abhavya 7188:Abhavya 7170:saṃsāra 7130:Kevalin 7126:Kevalya 7122:nirvana 7114:Jainism 7028:Temples 6779:Arihant 6629:Saṃsāra 6539:History 6516:Jainism 6499:Jainism 6486:nirvana 6436:vimutti 6422:Nirvana 6362:Vietnam 6317:Myanmar 6232:Tibetan 6222:Chinese 6150:Nirvāṇa 5967:Saṃsāra 5962:Rebirth 5827:History 5816:Outline 5761:samsara 5749:brahman 5745:tattvas 5657:Ishvara 5589:samsara 5574:Brahman 5545:Advaita 5532:sraddha 5528:titiksa 5524:uparati 5518:). 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The 5385:moksha 5381:moksha 5351:moksha 5287:moksha 5275:avidyā 5271:moksha 5255:purusa 5244:moksha 5224:moksha 5219:moksha 5215:moksha 5211:moksha 5207:moksha 5203:moksha 5188:moksha 5184:moksha 5173:moksha 5135:moksha 5123:moksha 5115:anatta 5111:moksha 5107:moksha 5089:moksha 5058:moksha 5051:moksha 5047:moksha 5043:moksha 5032:) and 5026:moksha 5014:moksha 5010:moksha 5005:moksha 4975:moksha 4967:moksha 4963:moksha 4955:moksha 4948:moksha 4921:moksha 4914:moksha 4895:Moksha 4887:moksha 4879:moksha 4872:moksha 4868:moksha 4860:moksha 4856:moksha 4848:moksha 4841:moksha 4837:dharma 4817:stages 4809:moksha 4745:moksha 4703:moksha 4695:buddhi 4673:moksha 4658:moksha 4654:Maitri 4642:dharma 4638:moksha 4622:moksha 4614:dharma 4610:moksha 4602:moksha 4598:dharma 4594:moksha 4590:dharma 4585:bhakti 4569:dharma 4565:moksha 4537:moksha 4530:moksha 4526:dharma 4514:Moksha 4506:moksha 4490:moksha 4486:Dharma 4482:moksha 4478:dharma 4474:moksha 4466:moksha 4462:Dharma 4451:moksha 4441:moksha 4437:dharma 4419:moksha 4408:moksha 4404:Dharma 4400:moksha 4396:dharma 4392:dharma 4388:Moksha 4384:dharma 4380:moksha 4378:, see 4349:avidya 4341:Moksha 4325:Moksha 4317:Moksha 4311:moksha 4307:moksha 4291:Moksha 4283:moksha 4241:moksha 4220:moksha 4203:Moksha 4175:, as: 4173:moksha 4169:moksha 4149:Moksha 4123:Moksha 4119:Moksha 4115:moksha 4083:Moksha 4068:moksha 4056:moksha 4050:, and 4022:moksha 3998:dharma 3993:moksha 3986:moksha 3952:, and 3934:, and 3903:Moksha 3649:Shudra 3467:stutis 3303:, and 3301:sutras 2955:Maitri 2680:Ramdas 2573:Modern 2506:Surdas 2371:Madhva 2296:Eknath 2266:Basava 2261:Alvars 2195:Raikva 2185:Pāṇini 2170:Kapila 2165:Kanada 2150:Gotama 2057:Shaiva 2005:Dvaita 1906:Pongal 1829:Diwali 1808:Vivaha 1672:Odissi 1647:Kathak 1586:Yogini 1550:Dhyana 1501:Tirtha 1456:Bhakti 1446:Temple 1441:Śrauta 1322:Arjava 1282:Ahimsa 1277:Niyama 1260:Ethics 1068:Moksha 1053:Dharma 1001:Saguna 899:Shakti 884:Kubera 830:Varuna 810:Pushan 723:Vishnu 718:Brahma 555:Hindus 468:moksha 446:haetal 429:Korean 415:Rōmaji 394:jiětuō 389:Pinyin 371:Moksha 315:Telugu 227:Nepali 196:mōkṣaṁ 189:മോക്ഷം 145:ꦩꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦱ 108:mokkho 86:mokkho 33:Moksha 15678:Wicca 15583:Tamağ 15578:Uçmag 15519:Youdu 15321:Asura 15263:Vyraj 15210:Orcus 15195:Hades 15187:Greek 15172:Gimlé 15099:Annwn 14967:Islam 14957:Hades 14920:Limbo 14875:Sheol 14699:Islam 14677:India 14566:Bindi 14549:Other 14489:Ugadi 14484:Vishu 14317:Varna 14198:Tapas 14188:Yajna 14158:Murti 14092:Radha 14072:Durga 14067:Bhumi 14010:Surya 13990:Indra 13963:Shiva 13725:Other 13710:Kalpa 13600:Katha 13504:Vedas 13489:Śruti 13474:Texts 13404:Nyaya 13360:Damah 13350:Satya 13306:Artha 13284:Karma 13274:Atman 13228:Index 13150:Yamas 13145:Viraj 13120:Tyāga 13055:Satya 12955:Mokṣa 12925:Karma 12880:Dhrti 12805:Ātman 12790:Artha 12594:Vyasa 12474:Vedas 12455:Minor 12302:Texts 12050:Nyaya 12041:Hindu 12011:Artha 11991:Logic 11915:Texts 11842:Karma 11837:Bhuta 11762:Post- 11756:Pinda 11692:Death 11355:ISBNs 10998:p.297 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2220:Vyasa 2130:Aruni 1977:Nyaya 1931:Vishu 1911:Ugadi 1591:Asana 1576:Sadhu 1545:Tapas 1516:Matha 1506:Yatra 1491:Vrata 1476:Yajna 1451:Murti 1332:Tapas 1307:Damah 1302:Satya 1272:Yamas 1158:Karma 1058:Artha 975:Guṇas 889:Radha 854:Durga 825:Ushas 820:Surya 815:Rudra 800:Indra 776:Vedic 767:Devis 763:Devas 728:Shiva 494:moksa 483:โมกษะ 461:මෝක්ෂ 350:mōkṣa 343:મોક્ષ 293:Tamil 262:mokṣa 255:ମୋକ୍ଷ 240:moksh 233:मोक्ष 218:moksh 211:मोक्ष 174:mōkṣa 167:ಮೋಕ್ಷ 152:moksa 130:moksa 123:मोक्ष 117:Hindi 101:মোক্ষ 79:মোক্ষ 64:mokṣa 53:मोक्ष 15737:Duat 15732:Aaru 15662:Tupi 15537:Yomi 15514:Diyu 15509:Tian 15331:Yāma 15301:Hell 15253:Iriy 14975:Araf 14915:Hell 14741:List 14603:List 14530:Teej 14459:Bihu 14441:Onam 14389:Holi 14193:Homa 14173:Japa 14163:Puja 14123:more 14117:Sita 14102:Sati 14077:Kali 14026:more 14020:Vayu 14005:Rama 13970:Agni 13940:Gods 13620:Kena 13590:Isha 13399:Yoga 13365:Dayā 13355:Dāna 13325:Niti 13311:Kama 13279:Maya 13155:Yoga 12920:Kama 12900:Idam 12895:Hitā 12890:Guṇa 12855:Dāna 12740:Aham 12144:and 12125:Jain 12060:Yoga 12006:Kama 11867:Yama 11847:Loka 11799:Pitr 11739:and 11703:Goal 11631:ISBN 11595:ISBN 11576:ISBN 11537:ISBN 11514:ISBN 11481:ISBN 11413:ISBN 11394:ISBN 11309:ISBN 11285:ISBN 11170:ISBN 11145:ISBN 11118:ISBN 11088:ISBN 11025:ISBN 10988:ISBN 10952:ISBN 10925:ISBN 10898:ISBN 10871:ISBN 10844:ISBN 10817:ISBN 10730:ISBN 10685:ISBN 10649:ISBN 10575:ISBN 10564:ISBN 10541:ISBN 10486:ISBN 10453:ISBN 10404:2013 10367:2019 10353:chit 10332:2020 10279:ISBN 10211:ISBN 10178:ISBN 10167:ISBN 10153:ISBN 10133:ISBN 10104:ISBN 10085:ISBN 10044:ISBN 10007:ISBN 9991:ISBN 9971:ISBN 9946:ISBN 9919:ISBN 9892:ISBN 9865:ISBN 9835:ISBN 9802:ISBN 9775:ISBN 9748:ISBN 9724:ISBN 9695:ISBN 9673:ISBN 9651:ISBN 9600:ISBN 9573:ISBN 9526:ISBN 9496:ISBN 9476:ISBN 9455:ISBN 9428:ISBN 9413:ISBN 9386:ISBN 9356:ISBN 9321:ISBN 9274:ISBN 9259:ISBN 9232:ISBN 9211:ISBN 9190:ISBN 9169:ISBN 9148:ISBN 9119:ISBN 9099:ISBN 9079:ISBN 9056:ISBN 9040:ISBN 9010:ISBN 8818:ISBN 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