442:
42:
108:
413:
poachers are not charged with a crime, let alone apprehended, caught or otherwise reported. Furthermore, the hunting of most wildlife within China is not actively managed, regardless of the location being government/national park land, or the species' endangered status. Especially in more rural locales, away from the bustling metropolises, hunting is often considered one of the few options people have to survive, often at the expense of wildlife. Poorer regions, or more
66:
409:, but is not prohibited by the group. Each male musk deer can yield about 25 g (0.88 oz) of the musk, which, while possible to be extracted from live animals, is (more often than not) simply taken from killed animals. Musk glands will likely continue to be harvested from killed animals, mostly in poorer or rural populaces, as 1 kg (2.2 lb) of musk can sell for around US$ 45,000.
345:
to compete with other males over territory, where they will use their musk sac to mark territory boundaries and attract females. Females are said to reach sexual maturity within their first year, as well as being described as rarely having a single offspring and mostly producing twins, unlike other
332:
The adults of the species are considered small, with a height of around 71 cm (28 in) at the head, or a shoulder height of 61 cm (24 in). The overall length is around 89 cm (35 in) from head to tail. Weight of the Anhui musk deer is around 8 kg (18 lb). They
417:
communities, often view hunting as a viable source of much-needed income, considering a "hot" commodity, such as the musk deer's scent gland, can be sold with such a high price-tag. Poaching of Anhui musk deer likely has gone on, and will continue, completely unregulated, regardless of location or
412:
Despite any official protections afforded to the species by China's government, including the killing of endangered species (such as the Anhui musk deer) being a criminal offense, hunting continues at a likely unsustainable rate, with no legal ramifications or incentives for hunters to stop. Most
382:
glands (used in cosmetics); while it is possible to extract musk glands, surgically, from live deer, this is more costly and time-consuming than simply shooting a musk deer and removing its scent glands. Additionally, considering the Anhui musk deer's namesake province,
438:. There are currently no measures in place to prevent hunting or harvesting of the Anhui musk deer, nor provide any protected areas to preserve its habitat. Current population numbers are not currently known, with the last estimation being 700-800 individuals in 1985.
404:
benefits (according to traditional
Chinese medicine); despite the purported benefits and potential lucrative business or musk gland production, no sustainable option for musk gland harvest has, apparently, been suggested. Trade of musk is regulated by
441:
378:, due to a suspected 50% population decrease over the past three generations (20–21 years), approximately. The main reason for this decline is primarily the unregulated, unsustainable hunting of the musk deer for its aromatic
399:
The musk produced by the male Anhui musk deer is prized for its "masculine" and earthy aroma, thus it is widely used in cosmetics, as it has been for centuries. The scent glands contain alleged pharmaceutical and
275:
Anhui musk deer inhabit high-elevations which consist of coniferous, broad-leaved, or mixed forests. Anhui musk deer are believed to require the dense vegetation of
455:
371:
5416:
5390:
5483:
5338:
746:
5364:
474:
Only populations of
Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan. All other populations are included in Appendix II.
838:
5408:
580:
391:
by human population—with over 61 million residents—, human encroachment and infringement on wild habitat is a major concern.
5369:
5498:
5488:
804:
17:
779:
683:
5421:
70:
628:
Yang, Q.S.; Meng, X.X.; Xia, L.; Lin Feng, Z.J. (2003). "Conservation status and causes of decline of musk deer (
426:
Since 2002, the Anhui musk deer has been listed on the First
Category of State Key Protected Wildlife List in
1190:
430:, and is listed as critically endangered on the Chinese Red List. The species is also currently listed under
5303:
1979:
5403:
290:
The species is only known to be found within and around the Mount Dabie area, within the western part of
333:
have a dark brown to gray coloration with darker ears and a distinct stripe on the neck and chest area.
1259:
831:
4236:
1181:
1172:
534:
107:
4023:
4672:
4065:
1961:
1102:
276:
4185:
1621:
5265:
1723:
1429:
1348:
4873:
3903:
2128:
1357:
1241:
824:
202:
5447:
5382:
309:
While much research has not been performed on the Anhui musk deer, it is most comparable to
5325:
5180:
4946:
4937:
4882:
4507:
4471:
4444:
3852:
3843:
3288:
3279:
1645:
1504:
1447:
1393:
641:
612:
41:
8:
5126:
4828:
4819:
4567:
4435:
4408:
4344:
4005:
3885:
3834:
1513:
1420:
1011:
263:
257:
55:
645:
5493:
5213:
5204:
4576:
4516:
4498:
4480:
4426:
4399:
4390:
4014:
3996:
3930:
3623:
3349:
2826:
2817:
2536:
1970:
1438:
1250:
1232:
1111:
388:
367:
355:
314:
102:
653:
511:
5442:
5312:
4846:
4837:
4525:
4453:
4381:
4212:
4194:
4047:
2997:
2392:
2383:
2235:
2137:
1916:
1883:
1826:
1696:
1223:
1084:
800:
775:
679:
5317:
5240:
4994:
4985:
4864:
4705:
4696:
4489:
4161:
4152:
4100:
4091:
3939:
3912:
3825:
3605:
3213:
2639:
2630:
2620:
2593:
2314:
2183:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1148:
1139:
1075:
1002:
993:
649:
529:
350:. Other information is not really known, but is believed to be similar to that of
5429:
4970:
4961:
4909:
4900:
4681:
3538:
3529:
3006:
2602:
1654:
1564:
1402:
1214:
1093:
1066:
351:
310:
244:
5460:
5395:
5170:
5108:
4738:
4729:
4254:
4203:
4124:
4115:
4056:
3894:
3596:
3418:
3409:
2964:
2931:
2913:
2401:
2211:
2086:
1925:
913:
885:
816:
5477:
5377:
5288:
4795:
4777:
4663:
4600:
4591:
3650:
3385:
3358:
3129:
3039:
3030:
3015:
2880:
2844:
2799:
2736:
2727:
2244:
2202:
2095:
2061:
2051:
1952:
1934:
1597:
1546:
1456:
1020:
703:
520:
375:
75:
5189:
5158:
5048:
4720:
4534:
4462:
4335:
4278:
4269:
3987:
3921:
3683:
3641:
3556:
3367:
3087:
3078:
2940:
2871:
2760:
2751:
2493:
2262:
1943:
1898:
1865:
1636:
1528:
1495:
1411:
797:
Wildlife
Conservation in China: Preserving the Habitat of China's Wild West
767:
556:
342:
322:
5434:
5351:
5297:
4810:
4558:
3720:
3674:
3665:
3614:
3566:
3427:
3269:
2862:
2853:
2681:
2475:
2466:
2456:
2350:
2193:
2003:
1994:
1907:
1750:
1672:
1555:
1480:
1471:
848:
431:
414:
401:
159:
737:
5343:
4417:
4317:
4142:
3734:
3156:
3138:
2889:
2584:
2569:
2560:
2527:
2304:
2110:
2027:
2018:
1793:
1784:
1663:
1588:
1129:
950:
5356:
5117:
5038:
4891:
4762:
4753:
4227:
3801:
3792:
3777:
3768:
3632:
3204:
2988:
2922:
2808:
2323:
2119:
1808:
1732:
1612:
1163:
1048:
1038:
932:
923:
347:
318:
284:
280:
236:
179:
169:
119:
5259:
5084:
603:
5282:
5026:
4654:
4326:
4038:
3876:
3816:
3481:
3180:
2712:
2657:
2545:
2374:
1850:
1841:
1817:
1705:
1579:
1329:
1205:
901:
879:
867:
370:
species by the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature (
139:
5231:
5066:
4927:
4786:
4176:
3963:
3954:
3867:
3753:
3744:
3716:
3472:
3376:
3340:
3255:
3251:
3222:
3147:
2835:
2708:
2669:
2253:
2170:
2076:
1339:
1289:
984:
321:, notable characteristics consist of a lack of antlers, enlarged
240:
5330:
5075:
4644:
4549:
4372:
4362:
3978:
3490:
3330:
3312:
3303:
3189:
3111:
3063:
3054:
2512:
2503:
2438:
2429:
2419:
2341:
1874:
1687:
1537:
873:
861:
149:
129:
770:(2004). "Aroma Chemicals IV: Musks". In Rowe, David J. (ed.).
5455:
5099:
5057:
4632:
4302:
4293:
3587:
3514:
3505:
3436:
3165:
3120:
2979:
2904:
2784:
2775:
2286:
2277:
1769:
1760:
969:
960:
435:
427:
406:
384:
298:
294:
291:
252:
248:
92:
86:
329:
gland present on the males between the navel and genitalia.
4245:
3575:
3463:
3445:
3102:
2955:
2359:
2226:
2042:
1316:
1277:
379:
326:
3713:
4855:
3454:
3400:
2332:
1714:
2705:
3248:
678:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
341:
During mating seasons, males will use their extended
509:
772:
Chemistry and
Technology of Flavours and Fragrances
627:
581:"Mammal Species of the World - Moschus anhuiensis"
49:Illustration of an Anhui musk deer in winter coat
456:List of endangered and protected species of China
5475:
846:
535:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T136643A61979276.en
267:, but is now classified as a separate species.
255:. It was formerly described as a subspecies of
366:The Anhui musk deer is currently listed as an
297:. It is also believed that they spread to the
832:
669:
667:
665:
663:
697:
695:
623:
621:
270:
921:
839:
825:
64:
40:
5156:
2628:
660:
533:
5037:
2427:
747:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
692:
673:
618:
440:
1328:
899:
799:. Armonk, New York, USA: M. E. Sharpe.
14:
5476:
1046:
794:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
5264:
5263:
5155:
5024:
5023:
4629:
3712:
3247:
2704:
2166:
1312:
898:
820:
766:
2464:
701:
1313:
721:
674:Smith, A.T.; Xie, Y., eds. (2008).
521:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
488:
24:
4630:
2167:
325:with the males' protruding, and a
304:
25:
5510:
5484:IUCN Red List endangered species
702:Wood, Drew (November 15, 2022).
394:
106:
1191:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
788:
760:
676:A Guide to the Mammals of China
510:Wang, Y.; Harris, R.B. (2015).
421:
336:
1980:Central American red brocket (
597:
573:
549:
468:
389:China's ninth-largest province
235:) is an endangered species of
13:
1:
654:10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00159-3
481:
2687:Large subfamily listed below
2675:Large subfamily listed below
2663:Large subfamily listed below
585:www.departments.bucknell.edu
7:
1182:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
1173:Indian spotted chevrotain (
449:
10:
5515:
361:
5499:Endangered Fauna of China
5489:Mammals described in 1982
5272:
5230:
5202:
5178:
5169:
5165:
5151:
5118:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
5109:Domestic Bactrian camel (
5097:
5046:
5033:
5019:
4983:
4959:
4935:
4926:
4808:
4775:
4751:
4718:
4694:
4673:North Sulawesi babirusa (
4652:
4643:
4639:
4625:
4589:
4547:
4370:
4361:
4315:
4291:
4267:
4225:
4174:
4150:
4141:
4113:
4089:
4082:
4036:
3976:
3952:
3865:
3814:
3790:
3766:
3742:
3733:
3729:
3708:
3663:
3564:
3555:
3527:
3503:
3398:
3338:
3329:
3301:
3277:
3268:
3264:
3243:
3202:
3178:
3100:
3076:
3052:
3028:
2977:
2953:
2902:
2797:
2773:
2749:
2725:
2721:
2700:
2680:
2668:
2656:
2619:
2582:
2558:
2525:
2501:
2492:
2455:
2418:
2372:
2312:
2303:
2275:
2224:
2191:
2182:
2178:
2162:
2108:
2074:
2040:
2016:
1992:
1962:Amazonian brown brocket (
1896:
1863:
1839:
1806:
1782:
1758:
1749:
1685:
1634:
1610:
1577:
1526:
1493:
1469:
1337:
1324:
1308:
1295:Large family listed below
1288:
1283:Large family listed below
1276:
1260:Williamson's mouse-deer (
1203:
1161:
1137:
1128:
1037:
982:
958:
949:
912:
908:
894:
856:
387:, is currently ranked as
218:Wang, Hu & Yan, 1982
208:
201:
103:Scientific classification
101:
84:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
3359:Domestic water buffalo (
1724:Central Asian red deer (
1349:Bornean yellow muntjac (
742:Wang, Hu & Yan 1982"
608:Wang, Hu & Yan 1982"
461:
301:section of Mount Dabie.
271:Habitat and distribution
4237:Bates' pygmy antelope (
4024:Soemmerring's gazelle (
2129:Yucatan brown brocket (
1358:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
1242:Philippine mouse-deer (
634:Biological Conservation
4947:White-lipped peccary (
4883:Philippine warty pig (
4508:Yellow-backed duiker (
4472:Black-fronted duiker (
4445:White-bellied duiker (
4066:Przewalski's gazelle (
3289:Four-horned antelope (
2087:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
1646:Visayan spotted deer (
1505:European fallow deer (
1448:Northern red muntjac (
1394:Southern red muntjac (
528:: e.T136643A61979276.
446:
5127:Wild Bactrian camel (
4829:Bornean bearded pig (
4820:Palawan bearded pig (
4409:White-legged duiker (
3835:Red-fronted gazelle (
1514:Persian fallow deer (
1430:Roosevelt's muntjac (
1103:Himalayan musk deer (
1012:Reticulated giraffe (
795:Harris, R.B. (2007).
444:
5214:Pygmy hippopotamus (
4874:Oliver's warty pig (
4499:Red-flanked duiker (
3904:Erlanger's gazelle (
3624:Harnessed bushbuck (
3350:Wild water buffalo (
2827:East Caucasian tur (
2818:West Caucasian tur (
1971:Little red brocket (
1439:Truong Son muntjac (
1251:Vietnam mouse-deer (
1233:Greater mouse-deer (
1112:Siberian musk deer (
613:Encyclopedia of Life
557:"Appendices | CITES"
4847:Celebes warty pig (
4838:Visayan warty pig (
4454:Red forest duiker (
4186:GĂĽnther's dik-dik (
4048:Mongolian gazelle (
3853:Heuglin's gazelle (
3844:Thomson's gazelle (
2998:Long-tailed goral (
2393:Mountain reedbuck (
2384:Southern reedbuck (
2236:East African oryx (
2138:White-tailed deer (
1917:Small red brocket (
1884:South Andean deer (
1827:Siberian roe deer (
1818:European roe deer (
1655:Philippine sambar (
1622:Père David's deer (
1224:Lesser mouse-deer (
1085:Kashmir musk deer (
646:2003BCons.109..333Y
283:, similar to other
264:Moschus moschiferus
258:Moschus berezovskii
56:Conservation status
5304:Moschus anhuiensis
5274:Moschus anhuiensis
4995:Collared peccary (
4865:Flores warty pig (
4706:Giant forest hog (
4568:Maxwell's duiker (
4490:Ruwenzori duiker (
4436:Jentink's duiker (
4345:Sharpe's grysbok (
4101:Tibetan antelope (
4006:Bright's gazelle (
3940:Goitered gazelle (
3913:Mountain gazelle (
3886:Cuvier's gazelle (
3826:Mongalla gazelle (
3214:Pyrenean chamois (
2640:Tibetan antelope (
2594:Black wildebeest (
1421:Reeves's muntjac (
1385:Sumatran muntjac (
1376:Gongshan muntjac (
1149:Water chevrotain (
1076:Alpine musk deer (
1003:Southern giraffe (
994:Northern giraffe (
740:Moschus anhuiensis
606:Moschus anhuiensis
514:Moschus anhuiensis
447:
445:Moschus anhuiensis
356:Siberian musk deer
315:Siberian musk deer
232:Moschus anhuiensis
212:Moschus anhuiensis
194:M. anhuiensis
18:Moschus anhuiensis
5471:
5470:
5443:Open Tree of Life
5266:Taxon identifiers
5257:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5226:
5225:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5006:
4971:Chacoan peccary (
4922:
4921:
4910:Javan warty pig (
4901:Timor warty pig (
4708:H. meinertzhageni
4682:Togian babirusa (
4621:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4577:Walter's duiker (
4517:Abbott's duiker (
4481:Ogilby's duiker (
4427:Harvey's duiker (
4391:Brooke's duiker (
4357:
4356:
4137:
4136:
4078:
4077:
4015:Peter's gazelle (
3997:Grant's gazelle (
3931:Speke's gazelle (
3704:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3581:
3551:
3550:
3539:African buffalo (
3370:B. depressicornis
3325:
3324:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3007:Himalayan goral (
2829:C. cylindricornis
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2652:
2651:
2615:
2614:
2603:Blue wildebeest (
2537:Common tsessebe (
2488:
2487:
2451:
2450:
2414:
2413:
2326:K. ellipsiprymnus
2299:
2298:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2098:P. mephistophiles
2054:P. mephistophiles
1745:
1744:
1441:M. truongsonensis
1403:Pu Hoat muntjac (
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1272:
1271:
1215:Java mouse-deer (
1124:
1123:
1094:Black musk deer (
1067:Dwarf musk deer (
1058:Anhui musk deer (
1033:
1032:
996:G. camelopardalis
945:
944:
632:spp.) in China".
604:"Anhui Musk Deer
223:
222:
96:
79:
27:Species of mammal
16:(Redirected from
5506:
5464:
5463:
5451:
5450:
5438:
5437:
5425:
5424:
5412:
5411:
5399:
5398:
5386:
5385:
5373:
5372:
5360:
5359:
5347:
5346:
5334:
5333:
5321:
5320:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5261:
5260:
5176:
5175:
5167:
5166:
5153:
5152:
5044:
5043:
5035:
5034:
5021:
5020:
4933:
4932:
4739:Common warthog (
4730:Desert warthog (
4650:
4649:
4641:
4640:
4627:
4626:
4526:Weyns's duiker (
4400:Peters' duiker (
4382:Aders's duiker (
4368:
4367:
4255:Royal antelope (
4213:Salt's dik-dik (
4204:Silver dik-dik (
4195:Kirk's dik-dik (
4148:
4147:
4125:Saiga antelope (
4087:
4086:
4026:N. soemmerringii
3895:Dorcas gazelle (
3740:
3739:
3731:
3730:
3724:
3710:
3709:
3597:Mountain nyala (
3580:
3579:
3571:
3562:
3561:
3517:P. nghetinhensis
3419:European bison (
3410:American bison (
3336:
3335:
3275:
3274:
3266:
3265:
3259:
3245:
3244:
3121:Domestic sheep (
2965:Himalayan tahr (
2932:Mainland serow (
2914:Japanese serow (
2723:
2722:
2716:
2702:
2701:
2626:
2625:
2499:
2498:
2462:
2461:
2425:
2424:
2402:Bohor reedbuck (
2310:
2309:
2289:A. nasomaculatus
2212:Sable antelope (
2189:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2173:
2164:
2163:
1926:Merida brocket (
1756:
1755:
1697:Thorold's deer (
1549:A. calamianensis
1432:M. rooseveltorum
1378:M. gongshanensis
1335:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1135:
1134:
1044:
1043:
1023:G. tippelskirchi
956:
955:
919:
918:
910:
909:
896:
895:
841:
834:
827:
818:
817:
811:
810:
792:
786:
785:
764:
758:
757:
755:
754:
734:
719:
718:
716:
714:
699:
690:
689:
671:
658:
657:
625:
616:
601:
595:
594:
592:
591:
577:
571:
570:
568:
567:
553:
547:
546:
544:
542:
537:
507:
475:
472:
214:
111:
110:
90:
73:
68:
67:
44:
35:Anhui musk deer
32:
31:
21:
5514:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5459:
5454:
5446:
5441:
5433:
5430:Observation.org
5428:
5420:
5415:
5407:
5402:
5394:
5389:
5381:
5376:
5368:
5363:
5355:
5350:
5342:
5337:
5329:
5324:
5316:
5311:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5268:
5258:
5245:
5222:
5198:
5161:
5135:
5093:
5029:
5003:
4979:
4955:
4918:
4885:S. philippensis
4822:S. ahoenobarbus
4804:
4796:Red river hog (
4771:
4747:
4714:
4690:
4664:Buru babirusa (
4635:
4609:
4601:Common duiker (
4585:
4543:
4353:
4311:
4287:
4263:
4221:
4170:
4133:
4109:
4074:
4059:P. picticaudata
4032:
3972:
3948:
3942:G. subgutturosa
3861:
3810:
3786:
3762:
3725:
3714:
3692:
3659:
3651:Cape bushbuck (
3644:T. strepsiceros
3573:
3572:
3570:
3547:
3523:
3499:
3394:
3386:Mountain anoa (
3321:
3315:B. tragocamelus
3297:
3291:T. quadricornis
3260:
3249:
3231:
3198:
3174:
3130:Bighorn sheep (
3096:
3072:
3048:
3040:Mountain goat (
3024:
3016:Chinese goral (
2973:
2949:
2934:C. sumatraensis
2898:
2881:Siberian ibex (
2845:Domestic goat (
2793:
2769:
2745:
2737:Barbary sheep (
2717:
2706:
2688:
2676:
2664:
2648:
2611:
2578:
2554:
2521:
2484:
2447:
2410:
2368:
2295:
2271:
2245:Scimitar oryx (
2220:
2203:Roan antelope (
2174:
2168:
2146:
2104:
2096:Northern pudu (
2070:
2062:Southern pudu (
2052:Northern pudu (
2036:
2012:
1988:
1953:Pygmy brocket (
1935:Dwarf brocket (
1892:
1859:
1835:
1802:
1778:
1741:
1681:
1630:
1606:
1573:
1547:Calamian deer (
1522:
1516:D. mesopotamica
1489:
1465:
1459:M. vuquangensis
1457:Giant muntjac (
1367:Fea's muntjac (
1320:
1314:
1296:
1284:
1268:
1199:
1157:
1120:
1078:M. chrysogaster
1029:
1021:Masai giraffe (
978:
941:
904:
890:
852:
845:
815:
814:
807:
793:
789:
782:
765:
761:
752:
750:
736:
735:
722:
712:
710:
700:
693:
686:
672:
661:
626:
619:
602:
598:
589:
587:
579:
578:
574:
565:
563:
555:
554:
550:
540:
538:
508:
489:
484:
479:
478:
473:
469:
464:
452:
424:
397:
364:
352:Dwarf musk deer
339:
311:Dwarf musk deer
307:
305:Characteristics
273:
245:Dabie Mountains
227:Anhui musk deer
219:
216:
210:
197:
105:
97:
80:
69:
65:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5512:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5452:
5439:
5426:
5413:
5400:
5387:
5374:
5361:
5348:
5335:
5322:
5309:
5294:
5278:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5236:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5216:C. liberiensis
5210:
5208:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5190:Hippopotamus (
5186:
5184:
5173:
5171:Hippopotamidae
5163:
5162:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5124:
5120:C. dromedarius
5115:
5105:
5103:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5082:
5073:
5064:
5054:
5052:
5041:
5031:
5030:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4991:
4989:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4967:
4965:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4943:
4941:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4907:
4903:S. timoriensis
4898:
4889:
4880:
4871:
4862:
4856:Domestic pig (
4853:
4844:
4835:
4826:
4816:
4814:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4793:
4783:
4781:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4759:
4757:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4736:
4732:P. aethiopicus
4726:
4724:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4702:
4700:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4684:B. togeanensis
4679:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4647:
4637:
4636:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4597:
4595:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4574:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4535:Zebra duiker (
4532:
4523:
4514:
4510:C. silvicultor
4505:
4496:
4487:
4478:
4469:
4463:Black duiker (
4460:
4451:
4447:C. leucogaster
4442:
4433:
4424:
4415:
4406:
4397:
4388:
4378:
4376:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4342:
4336:Cape grysbok (
4333:
4323:
4321:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4279:Klipspringer (
4275:
4273:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4252:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4210:
4206:M. piacentinii
4201:
4192:
4182:
4180:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4158:
4156:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4097:
4095:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4068:P. przewalskii
4063:
4054:
4044:
4042:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4021:
4012:
4003:
3994:
3988:Dama gazelle (
3984:
3982:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3937:
3928:
3922:Rhim gazelle (
3919:
3910:
3901:
3892:
3883:
3873:
3871:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3850:
3841:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:A. marsupialis
3774:
3772:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3737:
3727:
3726:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3684:Common eland (
3681:
3671:
3669:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3648:
3642:Greater kudu (
3639:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3603:
3594:
3584:
3582:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3535:
3533:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3488:
3479:
3470:
3461:
3455:Domestic yak (
3452:
3443:
3434:
3425:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3383:
3379:B. mindorensis
3374:
3368:Lowland anoa (
3365:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3272:
3262:
3261:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3118:
3108:
3106:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3088:Nilgiri tahr (
3084:
3082:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2961:
2959:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2941:Taiwan serow (
2938:
2929:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2872:Iberian ibex (
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2805:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2761:Arabian tahr (
2757:
2755:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2719:
2718:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2399:
2395:R. fulvorufula
2390:
2380:
2378:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2263:Arabian oryx (
2260:
2251:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2186:
2176:
2175:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2140:O. virginianus
2135:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2048:
2046:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:O. bezoarticus
2000:
1998:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1946:M. gouazoubira
1944:Gray brocket (
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1699:C. albirostris
1693:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:E. cephalophus
1477:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1412:Leaf muntjac (
1409:
1405:M. puhoatensis
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1332:
1322:
1321:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1262:T. williamsoni
1257:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1114:M. moschiferus
1109:
1105:M. leucogaster
1100:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1069:M. berezovskii
1064:
1054:
1052:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
990:
988:
980:
979:
977:
976:
966:
964:
953:
947:
946:
943:
942:
940:
939:
929:
927:
916:
914:Antilocapridae
906:
905:
892:
891:
889:
888:
886:Laurasiatheria
882:
876:
870:
864:
857:
854:
853:
844:
843:
836:
829:
821:
813:
812:
806:978-0765620576
805:
787:
780:
759:
720:
691:
684:
659:
640:(3): 333–342.
617:
596:
572:
548:
486:
485:
483:
480:
477:
476:
466:
465:
463:
460:
459:
458:
451:
448:
423:
420:
418:time of year.
396:
393:
363:
360:
338:
335:
306:
303:
299:Hubei Province
292:Anhui Province
277:intact forests
272:
269:
221:
220:
217:
206:
205:
199:
198:
191:
189:
185:
184:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
99:
98:
85:
82:
81:
63:
60:
59:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5511:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5462:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5314:
5310:
5305:
5299:
5295:
5290:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5262:
5242:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5219:
5217:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5193:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5154:
5150:
5132:
5130:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5111:C. bactrianus
5107:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5088:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5022:
5018:
5000:
4998:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4976:
4974:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4952:
4950:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4915:
4913:
4912:S. verrucosus
4908:
4906:
4904:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4858:S. domesticus
4854:
4852:
4850:
4849:S. celebensis
4845:
4843:
4841:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4778:Potamochoerus
4774:
4768:
4766:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4742:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4711:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4687:
4685:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4675:B. celebensis
4671:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4624:
4606:
4604:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4559:Blue duiker (
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4474:C. nigrifrons
4470:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4456:C. natalensis
4452:
4450:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4402:C. callipygus
4398:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4350:
4348:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4329:R. campestris
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4281:O. oreotragus
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4130:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3924:G. leptoceros
3920:
3918:
3916:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3828:E. albonotata
3824:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3804:A. cervicapra
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3707:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3675:Giant eland (
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3653:T. sylvaticus
3649:
3647:
3645:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3615:Lesser kudu (
3613:
3611:
3609:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3577:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3430:B. domesticus
3428:Bali cattle (
3426:
3424:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3246:
3242:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3132:O. canadensis
3128:
3126:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3079:Nilgiritragus
3075:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3042:O. americanus
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2967:H. jemlahicus
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2863:Nubian ibex (
2861:
2859:
2857:
2854:Alpine ibex (
2852:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2699:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Pantholopinae
2618:
2608:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2572:A. buselaphus
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2476:Grey rhebok (
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:Aepycerotinae
2417:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2351:Nile lechwe (
2349:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2184:Hippotraginae
2181:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2161:
2143:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2030:B. dichotomus
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2004:Pampas deer (
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1964:M. nemorivaga
1960:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1908:Red brocket (
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1877:H. antisensis
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1717:C. canadensis
1713:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1666:R. timorensis
1662:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1624:E. davidianus
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1591:R. duvaucelii
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1556:Bawean deer (
1554:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1481:Tufted deer (
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1414:M. putaoensis
1410:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1360:M. crinifrons
1356:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1311:
1307:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1253:T. versicolor
1249:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1060:M. anhuiensis
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1014:G. reticulata
1010:
1008:
1006:
1001:
999:
997:
992:
991:
989:
987:
986:
981:
975:
973:
968:
967:
965:
963:
962:
957:
954:
952:
948:
938:
936:
931:
930:
928:
926:
925:
920:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
897:
893:
887:
883:
881:
877:
875:
871:
869:
865:
863:
859:
858:
855:
850:
842:
837:
835:
830:
828:
823:
822:
819:
808:
802:
798:
791:
783:
781:0-8493-2372-X
777:
774:. Blackwell.
773:
769:
768:Kraft, Philip
763:
749:
748:
743:
741:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
709:
705:
698:
696:
687:
685:9781400834112
681:
677:
670:
668:
666:
664:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
624:
622:
615:
614:
609:
607:
600:
586:
582:
576:
562:
558:
552:
536:
531:
527:
523:
522:
517:
515:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
487:
471:
467:
457:
454:
453:
443:
439:
437:
433:
429:
419:
416:
410:
408:
403:
402:aphrodisiacal
395:Use and trade
392:
390:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
359:
357:
353:
349:
344:
334:
330:
328:
324:
320:
317:. Like other
316:
312:
302:
300:
296:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
268:
266:
265:
260:
259:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:
228:
215:
213:
207:
204:
203:Binomial name
200:
196:
195:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
109:
104:
100:
94:
88:
83:
77:
72:
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5273:
5215:
5203:
5192:H. amphibius
5191:
5181:Hippopotamus
5179:
5159:Whippomorpha
5128:
5119:
5110:
5098:
5086:
5077:
5068:
5059:
5047:
4996:
4984:
4972:
4960:
4948:
4936:
4911:
4902:
4893:
4884:
4875:
4866:
4857:
4848:
4840:S. cebifrons
4839:
4830:
4821:
4809:
4797:
4788:
4776:
4764:
4752:
4741:P. africanus
4740:
4731:
4721:Phacochoerus
4719:
4707:
4695:
4683:
4674:
4666:B. babyrussa
4665:
4653:
4602:
4590:
4578:
4570:P. maxwellii
4569:
4561:P. monticola
4560:
4548:
4536:
4527:
4518:
4509:
4501:C. rufilatus
4500:
4491:
4482:
4473:
4464:
4455:
4446:
4437:
4428:
4419:
4418:Bay duiker (
4411:C. crusalbum
4410:
4401:
4392:
4383:
4371:
4363:Cephalophini
4346:
4338:R. melanotis
4337:
4328:
4316:
4304:
4292:
4280:
4268:
4256:
4248:N. moschatus
4247:
4238:
4226:
4214:
4205:
4196:
4188:M. guentheri
4187:
4175:
4164:D. megalotis
4163:
4151:
4126:
4114:
4103:P. hodgsonii
4102:
4090:
4067:
4058:
4050:P. gutturosa
4049:
4037:
4025:
4016:
4007:
3998:
3989:
3977:
3965:
3953:
3941:
3932:
3923:
3914:
3906:G. erlangeri
3905:
3896:
3887:
3879:G. bennettii
3878:
3866:
3854:
3846:E. thomsonii
3845:
3837:E. rufifrons
3836:
3827:
3815:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3767:
3755:
3743:
3685:
3677:T. derbianus
3676:
3664:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3608:T. eurycerus
3607:
3598:
3589:
3565:
3557:Tragelaphini
3540:
3528:
3516:
3504:
3492:
3483:
3475:B. javanicus
3474:
3465:
3457:B. grunniens
3456:
3447:
3439:B. frontalis
3438:
3429:
3420:
3411:
3399:
3387:
3378:
3369:
3360:
3351:
3339:
3314:
3302:
3290:
3278:
3225:R. rupicapra
3224:
3216:R. pyrenaica
3215:
3203:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3158:
3157:Snow sheep (
3149:
3140:
3139:Dall sheep (
3131:
3122:
3113:
3101:
3090:N. hylocrius
3089:
3077:
3066:O. moschatus
3065:
3053:
3041:
3029:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2990:
2978:
2966:
2954:
2942:
2933:
2924:
2915:
2903:
2891:
2890:Walia ibex (
2882:
2874:C. pyrenaica
2873:
2864:
2855:
2846:
2838:C. falconeri
2837:
2828:
2819:
2810:
2798:
2787:B. taxicolor
2786:
2774:
2762:
2750:
2738:
2726:
2642:P. hodgsonii
2641:
2629:
2604:
2595:
2585:Connochaetes
2583:
2571:
2570:Hartebeest (
2559:
2547:
2538:
2526:
2514:
2502:
2494:Alcelaphinae
2478:P. capreolus
2477:
2465:
2440:
2428:
2403:
2394:
2386:R. arundinum
2385:
2373:
2361:
2353:K. megaceros
2352:
2343:
2334:
2325:
2313:
2288:
2276:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2225:
2213:
2204:
2192:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2109:
2097:
2088:
2075:
2063:
2053:
2041:
2029:
2028:Marsh deer (
2017:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1910:M. americana
1909:
1897:
1885:
1876:
1866:Hippocamelus
1864:
1852:
1840:
1828:
1820:C. capreolus
1819:
1807:
1795:
1794:Water deer (
1783:
1771:
1759:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1665:
1657:R. mariannus
1656:
1647:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1598:Eld's deer (
1590:
1589:Barasingha (
1578:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1527:
1515:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1450:M. vaginalis
1449:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1351:M. atherodes
1350:
1338:
1261:
1252:
1244:T. nigricans
1243:
1234:
1225:
1217:T. javanicus
1216:
1204:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1162:
1151:H. aquaticus
1150:
1138:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1047:
1022:
1013:
1004:
995:
983:
972:O. johnstoni
971:
959:
935:A. americana
934:
922:
884:Superorder:
878:Infraclass:
849:Artiodactyla
796:
790:
771:
762:
751:. Retrieved
745:
739:
711:. Retrieved
707:
675:
637:
633:
629:
611:
605:
599:
588:. Retrieved
584:
575:
564:. Retrieved
560:
551:
539:. Retrieved
525:
519:
513:
470:
425:
422:Conservation
411:
398:
374:), on their
365:
343:canine teeth
340:
337:Reproduction
331:
323:canine teeth
308:
289:
274:
262:
256:
231:
230:
226:
224:
211:
209:
193:
192:
180:
160:Artiodactyla
29:
5352:iNaturalist
5298:Wikispecies
5069:L. guanicoe
4928:Tayassuidae
4892:Wild boar (
4831:S. barbatus
4789:P. larvatus
4765:P. salvania
4763:Pygmy hog (
4697:Hylochoerus
4550:Philantomba
4438:C. jentinki
4420:C. dorsalis
4373:Cephalophus
4257:N. pygmaeus
4215:M. saltiana
4153:Dorcatragus
4127:S. tatarica
4017:N. petersii
3955:Litocranius
3855:E. tilonura
3802:Blackbuck (
3778:Springbok (
3721:Antilopinae
3719:(subfamily
3666:Taurotragus
3633:Sitatunga (
3626:T. scriptus
3617:T. imberbis
3574:(including
3567:Tragelaphus
3388:B. quarlesi
3270:Boselaphini
3254:(subfamily
3159:O. nivicola
3000:N. caudatus
2989:Red goral (
2980:Naemorhedus
2943:C. swinhoei
2923:Red serow (
2905:Capricornis
2883:C. sibirica
2820:C. caucasia
2811:C. aegagrus
2809:Wild goat (
2763:A. jayakari
2752:Arabitragus
2711:(subfamily
2682:Antilopinae
2605:C. taurinus
2548:D. pygargus
2441:A. melampus
2362:K. vardonii
2324:Waterbuck (
2265:O. leucoryx
2194:Hippotragus
2122:O. hemionus
2120:Mule deer (
2019:Blastocerus
1928:M. bricenii
1886:H. bisulcus
1853:R. tarandus
1829:C. pygargus
1751:Capreolinae
1733:Sika deer (
1675:R. unicolor
1664:Rusa deer (
1567:A. porcinus
1387:M. montanus
1184:M. kathygre
933:Pronghorn (
924:Antilocapra
704:"Musk Deer"
541:11 November
432:Appendix II
247:of western
5478:Categories
5205:Choeropsis
5087:L. vicugna
4973:C. wagneri
4876:S. oliveri
4867:S. heureni
4603:S. grimmia
4592:Sylvicapra
4579:P. walteri
4492:C. rubidis
4483:C. ogilbyi
4429:C. harveyi
4393:C. brookei
4347:R. sharpei
4327:Steenbok (
4318:Raphicerus
4270:Oreotragus
4143:Neotragini
4092:Pantholops
4008:N. notatus
3966:L. walleri
3915:G. gazella
3888:G. cuvieri
3877:Chinkara (
3769:Antidorcas
3756:A. clarkei
3745:Ammodorcas
3735:Antilopini
3635:T. spekeii
3599:T. buxtoni
3590:T. angasii
3482:Wild yak (
3466:B. indicus
3421:B. bonasus
3361:B. bubalis
3304:Boselaphus
3280:Tetracerus
3150:O. gmelini
3018:N. griseus
2991:N. baileyi
2956:Hemitragus
2925:C. rubidus
2916:C. crispus
2865:C. nubiana
2728:Ammotragus
2631:Pantholops
2561:Alcelaphus
2546:Bontebok (
2539:D. lunatus
2528:Damaliscus
2515:B. hunteri
2404:R. redunca
2305:Reduncinae
2256:O. gazella
2205:H. equinus
2131:O. pandora
2111:Odocoileus
1995:Ozotoceros
1851:Reindeer (
1796:H. inermis
1785:Hydropotes
1708:C. elaphus
1706:Red deer (
1648:R. alfredi
1565:Hog deer (
1423:M. reevesi
1396:M. muntjak
1226:T. kanchil
1193:M. meminna
1140:Hyemoschus
1130:Tragulidae
1087:M. cupreus
1005:G. giraffa
951:Giraffidae
902:Ruminantia
753:2024-04-24
708:AZ Animals
590:2017-12-10
566:2022-01-14
482:References
368:endangered
281:shrublands
251:province,
89:Appendix I
71:Endangered
5494:Musk deer
5157:Suborder
5067:Guanaco (
5039:Camelidae
5025:Suborder
4997:D. tajacu
4986:Dicotyles
4962:Catagonus
4949:T. pecari
4894:S. scrofa
4798:P. porcus
4787:Bushpig (
4655:Babyrousa
4631:Suborder
4528:C. weynsi
4519:C. spadix
4384:C. adersi
4305:O. ourebi
4239:N. batesi
4228:Neotragus
4197:M. kirkii
3999:N. granti
3964:Gerenuk (
3933:G. spekei
3897:G. dorcas
3754:Dibatag (
3541:S. caffer
3506:Pseudoryx
3493:B. taurus
3473:Banteng (
3448:B. gaurus
3377:Tamaraw (
3223:Chamois (
3205:Rupicapra
3192:P. nayaur
3168:O. vignei
3148:Mouflon (
2847:C. hircus
2836:Markhor (
2739:A. lervia
2504:Beatragus
2430:Aepyceros
2254:Gemsbok (
2247:O. dammah
2089:P. carlae
1982:M. temama
1973:M. rufina
1937:M. chunyi
1919:M. bororo
1809:Capreolus
1735:C. nippon
1726:C. hanglu
1613:Elaphurus
1558:A. kuhlii
1472:Elaphodus
1340:Muntiacus
1175:M. indica
1164:Moschiola
1096:M. fuscus
1039:Moschidae
900:Suborder
860:Kingdom:
713:April 24,
561:cites.org
348:musk deer
319:musk deer
285:musk deer
237:musk deer
188:Species:
170:Moschidae
126:Kingdom:
120:Eukaryota
5456:Species+
5409:14200187
5283:Wikidata
5129:C. ferus
5085:Vicuña (
5078:L. pacos
5076:Alpaca (
5060:L. glama
5027:Tylopoda
4537:C. zebra
4465:C. niger
4039:Procapra
3817:Eudorcas
3793:Antilope
3530:Syncerus
3491:Cattle (
3484:B. mutus
3412:B. bison
3352:B. arnee
3313:Nilgai (
3190:Bharal (
3181:Pseudois
3141:O. dalli
3123:O. aries
3114:O. ammon
3112:Argali (
3064:Muskox (
3031:Oreamnos
3009:N. goral
2892:C. walie
2776:Budorcas
2713:Caprinae
2658:Caprinae
2513:Hirola (
2457:Peleinae
2439:Impala (
2344:K. leche
2342:Lechwe (
2238:O. beisa
2214:H. niger
1875:Taruca (
1842:Rangifer
1772:A. alces
1673:Sambar (
1600:R. eldii
1580:Rucervus
1538:Chital (
1330:Cervinae
1317:Cervidae
1278:Cervidae
1206:Tragulus
880:Eutheria
874:Mammalia
868:Chordata
866:Phylum:
862:Animalia
450:See also
415:agrarian
376:Red List
239:that is
166:Family:
150:Mammalia
140:Chordata
136:Phylum:
130:Animalia
116:Domain:
76:IUCN 3.1
5422:1267572
5396:1006344
5344:4262221
5331:7240172
5289:Q545537
5241:Cetacea
5232:Cetacea
5100:Camelus
5058:Llama (
4938:Tayassu
4754:Porcula
4303:Oribi (
4294:Ourebia
4177:Madoqua
4162:Beira (
4083:Saigini
3990:N. dama
3868:Gazella
3717:Bovidae
3715:Family
3686:T. oryx
3606:Bongo (
3588:Nyala (
3515:Saola (
3437:Gayal (
3341:Bubalus
3256:Bovinae
3252:Bovidae
3250:Family
3166:Urial (
2856:C. ibex
2785:Takin (
2709:Bovidae
2707:Family
2670:Bovinae
2596:C. gnou
2375:Redunca
2287:Addax (
2171:Bovidae
2169:Family
2077:Pudella
2064:P. pudu
1955:M. nana
1770:Moose (
1540:A. axis
1507:D. dama
1369:M. feae
1315:Family
1290:Bovidae
1235:T. napu
1049:Moschus
985:Giraffa
970:Okapi (
872:Class:
851:species
847:Extant
642:Bibcode
630:Moschus
610:at the
362:Threats
243:to the
241:endemic
181:Moschus
176:Genus:
156:Order:
146:Class:
91: (
74: (
5448:667404
5435:200860
5383:136643
5370:898195
4645:Suidae
4246:Suni (
3979:Nanger
3464:Zebu (
3446:Gaur (
3331:Bovini
3055:Ovibos
2360:Puku (
2335:K. kob
1899:Mazama
1688:Cervus
961:Okapia
803:
778:
682:
5357:74651
5318:44FZ3
4633:Suina
4116:Saiga
4057:Goa (
3576:kudus
2800:Capra
2467:Pelea
2333:Kob (
2315:Kobus
2278:Addax
1761:Alces
1715:Elk (
462:Notes
436:CITES
428:China
407:CITES
385:Anhui
295:China
253:China
249:Anhui
93:CITES
87:CITES
5461:4120
5417:NCBI
5378:IUCN
5365:ITIS
5339:GBIF
5239:see
5049:Lama
3103:Ovis
2227:Oryx
2043:Pudu
1637:Rusa
1529:Axis
1496:Dama
801:ISBN
776:ISBN
715:2024
680:ISBN
543:2021
526:2015
380:musk
372:IUCN
327:musk
313:and
261:and
225:The
5404:MSW
5391:MDD
5326:EoL
5313:CoL
4811:Sus
3401:Bos
650:doi
638:109
530:doi
434:of
354:or
279:or
5480::
5458::
5445::
5432::
5419::
5406::
5393::
5380::
5367::
5354::
5341::
5328::
5315::
5300::
5285::
744:.
723:^
706:.
694:^
662:^
648:.
636:.
620:^
583:.
559:.
524:.
518:.
490:^
358:.
287:.
5218:)
5194:)
5131:)
5122:)
5113:)
5089:)
5080:)
5071:)
5062:)
4999:)
4975:)
4951:)
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