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63:, though this was much less efficient for actual lighting. These lamps were normally hung by a circular metal frame and suspended by chains that went through a number of loops on the outside of the body. The circular frames continue to be used in many mosques today, but with plain or frosted glass lamps for electric lighting.
172:
The elaborate decorated types were mostly succeeded by plain glass oil lamps with a simple rim at the top, by which they were attached to (typically) a circular metal bar. Often these hang in tiers. Mosques today typically retain the hanging circular fittings, but use electric lights and glass shades
221:
Light is often an important symbol in many religious texts, including the Qur'an. Darkness to light is often interpreted as a transformation from un-enlightenment to enlightenment under the light which is often considered to be Allah. Light can often be seen as or used in a way to become closer to
132:
for the same reason. The decoration of the lamps often includes either the name or the symbol from
Islamic heraldry of the donor, who usually gave a group of lamps. Other types of lighting in mosques were large metal lamp stands, like very wide candlesticks, which were also used in secular
127:
show other examples from the 16th century in gold or brass and silver. Such opaque materials were much less effective as lighting, but the purpose of the lamp was symbolic as well as practical, related to the "Verse of Light". Mosque lamps are often shown in profile at the head of a
85:
or "Verse of Light" (24:35, see below), inscriptions and heraldic emblems recording the donor, as well as purely decorative motifs. By the 15th century production of all types of fine glass was in steep decline, a sign of which is that in 1569 the
212:
in London for £1,763,750 (US$ 2,582K), £993,750 (US$ 1,455K) and £641,750 (US$ 937K). In the second half of the 19th century, a number of forgeries, or expensive glass ornaments in the style of Mamluk lamps were produced in France and Italy.
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Oil lamps were introduced gradually into mosques and took time until they became common, which was around the end of the 7th century and the beginning of the 8th century. They survive in considerable numbers from the
50:
that typically have a large round body and a narrower neck that flares towards the top. They were often made with internal containers to be filled with oil and a wick to produce light. They were usually made of
260:. In one such ritual, the flame of the lamp would be extinguished to signal to people that prayer was about to start. In big mosques it was common to see thousands of lamps being used to illuminate the space.
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lamp with lotuses c. 1510, similar to four lamps that hung in the mausoleum of
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The
Parable of His Light is as if there were a Niche and within it a Lamp
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Lit from a blessed Tree, an Olive, neither of the east nor of the West,
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Lamp for the
Ottoman restoration of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
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God doth set forth
Parables for men: and God doth know all things.
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the Lamp enclosed in Glass: the glass as it were a brilliant star
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A mid-14th-century
Islamic glass mosque lamp from Cairo (XXVB94)
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whose oil is well-nigh luminous, though fire scarce touched it
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of various sorts, not essentially different from other glass
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God and this can be connected to the many lamps in mosques.
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See
Christie's Sale 6407 above, lots 11, 12, 14, 19; also
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Light upon Light! God doth guide whom He will to His Light
204:
mosque lamps in pristine condition from the collection of
169:
in Syria being the most important centers of production.
115:
of Persia gave plain silver lamps to hang by the tomb of
470:
Missing Links: The Sights and Smells of
Medieval Lamps.
133:
buildings. These could be very intricately decorated.
256:At times mosque lamps were used in rituals during
405:
1759:
278:, produced in 14th-century Spain and now in the
232::God is the Light of the heavens and the earth.
71:The techniques used are typical of contemporary
157:, especially the 13th and 14th centuries, with
286:has lamps with the same form as Islamic ones.
27:mosque lamp made for Amir Qawsun, c. 1329–1335
602:
472:2020. University of Michigan, Bachelor thesis
380:See for example Jones & Mitchell, 143-144
406:Papadopoulos, Costas; Moyes, Holley (2022).
216:
408:The Oxford Handbook of Light In Archaeology
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538:Jones, Dalu & Michell, George, (eds);
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79:verses, especially the first part of the
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362:, British Museum; Canby, 85, 180; Perry
305:Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila (1997).
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100:, perhaps to be decorated elsewhere.
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107:also made lamps of similar form in
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1645:Influences on Western architecture
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499:State University of New York Press
177:used in lighting other buildings.
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1804:
570:
495:Metalwork in Medieval Islamic Art
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295:
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526:Shah Abbas; The Remaking of Iran
35:The later plain type hanging in
1614:Aga Khan Award for Architecture
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1768:Islamic architectural elements
528:, 2009, British Museum Press,
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544:Arts Council of Great Britain
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1706:Sudano-Sahelian architecture
564:Times Educational Supplement
200:In 2000, three 14th-century
145:Modern electric lighting in
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333:Jones & Mitchell, 134;
96:ordered 600 plain lamps of
10:
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1074:Islamic geometric patterns
349:Victoria and Albert Museum
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16:Islamic architecture glass
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434:Jones & Mitchell, 134
414:. pp. 240–242, 334.
282:, showing a service in a
217:Religious meaning and use
59:. Some were also made in
1624:Museum with No Frontiers
443:Lots 13, 17 & 18 in
1735:Architecture portal
524:Canby, Sheila R. (ed).
447:, 2000, King St London.
412:Oxford University Press
206:Bethsabée de Rothschild
1640:Indo-Saracenic Revival
1040:(multicoloured ashlar)
271:
254:
197:
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39:
28:
1377:Congregational mosque
835:(four-arch structure)
584:at Wikimedia Commons
482:Online Qur'an Project
313:. pp. 280, 394.
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1701:Ottoman architecture
1691:Moorish architecture
1686:Islamic architecture
1681:Iranian architecture
1104:Sebka (Darj-wa-ktaf)
958:(or müezzin mahfili)
618:Islamic architecture
445:Christie's Sale 6407
270:, 14th-century Spain
94:Sokullu Mehmed Pacha
1788:Mosque architecture
1738: •
1725: •
1711:Yemeni architecture
1696:Mughal architecture
1676:Berber architecture
1671:Arabic architecture
1335:Salsabil (fountain)
1069:Islamic calligraphy
274:A miniature in the
1412:Kuttab (or maktab)
559:The Light of Allah
493:Baer, Eva (1983).
338:Wallace Collection
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125:Persian miniatures
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1345:Shading Umbrellas
1129:Stucco decoration
1029:For overview, see
844:Four-centred arch
580:Media related to
566:, 17 January 2003
540:The Arts of Islam
534:978-0-7141-2452-0
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190:İznik pottery
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161:in Egypt and
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55:, often with
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26:
21:
1739:
1726:
1723:Islamic arts
1503:Caravanserai
1083:
1028:
982:Loudspeakers
907:Persian dome
869:Pointed arch
667:Indo-Islamic
657:Great Seljuk
582:Mosque lamps
574:
557:
539:
525:
494:
488:
477:
469:
464:
458:No. 194 here
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307:Islamic Arts
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171:
151:
113:Shah Abbas I
102:
91:Grand Vizier
80:
70:
44:mosque lamps
43:
41:
1773:Islamic art
1350:Windcatcher
1331:(courtyard)
1084:Mosque lamp
1064:Girih tiles
1021:Decorations
899:Arabic dome
196:in Istanbul
155:Middle Ages
117:Shaykh Safi
82:Ayat an-Nur
67:Manufacture
1762:Categories
1633:Influences
1548:Well house
1319:Mashrabiya
967:Hussainiya
903:Onion dome
694:Indonesian
682:Qutb Shahi
497:. Albany:
290:References
210:Christie's
194:Bayezid II
181:Collecting
175:lampshades
130:prayer rug
1778:Glass art
1607:Resources
1370:Religious
1340:Shabestan
1298:Hypostyle
1280:Shadirvan
1049:Arabesque
972:Imamzadeh
937:Religious
917:Semi-dome
864:Ogee arch
833:Chahartaq
796:Materials
723:Almoravid
698:Malaysian
389:Canby, 85
284:synagogue
48:oil lamps
23:Egyptian
1721:Part of
1557:Military
1493:Baradari
1486:Civilian
1309:Jharokha
1270:Mechouar
1207:Charbagh
1150:Andaruni
1124:Socarrat
1089:Muqarnas
987:Maqsurah
879:Vaulting
808:Tadelakt
789:Elements
738:Zayyanid
718:Aghlabid
546:, 1976,
208:sold at
167:Damascus
105:Ottomans
77:Qur'anic
37:Istanbul
1655:Mudéjar
1619:ArchNet
1569:Alcázar
1442:Musalla
1427:Maqbara
1417:Madrasa
1407:Külliye
1402:Khanqah
1392:Gongbei
1291:cooling
1289:Passive
1255:Chhatri
1248:objects
1246:Outdoor
1195:Gardens
1171:Mirador
1109:Shabaka
1099:Qashani
1054:Banna'i
997:Minaret
939:objects
929:(eaves)
927:Chhajja
874:Squinch
775:Umayyad
770:Timurid
760:Swahili
745:Ottoman
728:Almohad
713:Moorish
703:Iranian
672:Bengali
652:Fatimid
647:Chinese
642:Ayyubid
632:Abbasid
258:Ramadan
228:24:35:
137:History
121:Ardabil
88:Ottoman
57:gilding
1579:Kasbah
1528:Kasbah
1518:Hammam
1513:Ghorfa
1498:Bazaar
1477:Zawiya
1466:takyeh
1437:Mosque
1387:Dargah
1314:Kucheh
1260:Eidgah
1186:Zenana
1134:Zellij
1119:Sitara
1114:Shamsa
1002:Minbar
992:Mihrab
977:Kiswah
962:Gonbad
826:Arches
780:Yemeni
750:Somali
733:Hafsid
708:Mamluk
687:Mughal
677:Deccan
625:Styles
550:
532:
505:
418:
317:
226:Qur'an
202:Mamluk
163:Aleppo
111:, and
1594:Ribat
1589:Qalat
1574:Amsar
1533:Mahal
1472:Türbe
1462:Takya
1457:Surau
1452:Rauza
1447:Qubba
1432:Mazar
1422:Maqam
1363:Types
1275:Sebil
1165:Liwan
1155:Harem
1143:Rooms
1059:Girih
1044:Alfiz
1038:Ablaq
1012:Zarih
1007:Qibla
956:Dikka
951:Bedug
946:Anaza
922:Tajug
888:Roofs
803:Qadad
765:Tatar
662:Hausa
371:Perry
159:Cairo
147:Amman
42:Fine
1584:Ksar
1543:Souq
1464:(or
1329:Sahn
1303:Howz
1265:Fina
1237:Riad
1202:Bagh
1181:Qa’a
1176:Hosh
1160:Iwan
1079:Jali
895:Dome
548:ISBN
530:ISBN
503:ISBN
416:ISBN
315:ISBN
165:and
103:The
46:are
119:at
1764::
909:/
905:/
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696:/
562:,
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394:^
309:.
297:^
123:;
1034:)
1027:(
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897:(
610:e
603:t
596:v
511:.
424:.
323:.
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