424:(CENI) as a result of a then-ongoing appeal before the ICC regarding charges of witness tampering. These charges alleged that there was a conspiracy to influence 14 witnesses through the provision of money as an incentive to ensure false testimony before the ICC during Bemba's first trial. The ICC levied charges against Bemba himself, along with his former defense lawyers, Aimé Kilolo Musamba and Jean-Jacques Mangenda Kabongo, a potential defense witness who did not testify, Narcisse Arido, and the deputy secretary general of the MLC, Fidèle Babala Wandu. By September 17, all of the defendants were found guilty, and received the following sentences: a 300,000 Euro fine and 12 months in prison (Bemba); 2 years and 6 months suspended term of imprisonment and a fine of 30,000 Euros (Musamba); 11 months of imprisonment (Arido); 6 months of imprisonment (Babala); a 2 year suspended term of imprisonment (Mangenda). However, due to time previously spent in detention, Bemba, Babala, and Arido all did not have to serve the sentences.
1097:
395:) due to what it described as a "climate of permanent insecurity". This came shortly after the alleged looting of the home of a MLC member of parliament by government forces. On April 21, the party was allowed access to its previously-occupied buildings in the capital, which were found to have been plundered. On April 25, the party ended its boycott of the National Assembly after Kabila agreed to meet with representatives of the opposition.
452:. The lead candidate of the alliance, Fayulu, was unsuccessful in securing the presidency, coming in second place with 34.8% of the vote to winner FĂ©lix Tshisekedi's 38.6% vote share. On June 13, 2019, the MLC, as part of the Lamuka alliance, suspended its participation in parliament, citing a Constitutional Court decision which invalidated the 2018 victories of 23 of its candidates.
247:
386:
in March 2007 between the army and Bemba's guards, who were supposed to have been integrated into the army but had not been due to what were said to be concerns about Bemba's security. The army prevailed in the fighting, and Bemba took refuge in the South
African embassy. On April 8, the MLC released
459:
coalition. The MLC announced its intent to join this coalition and form a government with
Tshisekedi on January 20, 2021. Subsequently, Martin Fayulu, the leader of the Lamuka alliance at the time, released the MLC of its obligations to the alliance on January 21, 2021. The MLC received its cabinet
447:
as their nominee for the presidential election. The MLC, together with the rest of the Lamuka alliance, secured 111 seats in the
National Assembly in the election, making the bloc the second largest in the National Assembly, while the alliance subsequently won 6 seats in the Senate in the
324:. The MLC interceded at the behest of President Patassé's government and committed numerous acts of murder, rape, pillaging, and torture over the course of the conflict while attempting to suppress the coup attempt. The leader of the MLC, Jean Pierre-Bemba, was arrested in 2008 near
464:, on April 13, 2021, receiving prominent ministerial roles, including Environment Minister and Deputy Prime Minister. Following a cabinet reshuffle on March 23, 2023, MLC leader Bemba was appointed as Defense Minister and Deputy Prime Minister.
387:
a statement in which it said that its headquarters had been occupied by government forces since the fighting and that it was being persecuted through arbitrary arrests and intimidation. On April 13, the party suspended its participation in the
818:
340:
between 2002-2003 by the ICC. He was convicted of two counts of crimes against humanity and three counts of war crimes. He was sentenced to 18 years for war crimes but was fully acquitted by the ICC's appeal court on June 8, 2018.
941:
1551:
1060:
517:
862:
909:
1082:
421:
1121:
614:
406:, the MLC announced on July 6, 2008 that it was suspending its participation in the National Assembly, the Senate, and the Provincial Assembly of Kinshasa. The MLC ended this boycott after a week.
816:
1090:
1637:
937:
1662:
413:, the MLC lost its position as the second largest party in parliament and 42 of its seats in the lower house, ending the election as the fifth largest party in the National Assembly.
1642:
1091:
194:
1436:
1075:
881:
509:
964:
362:
860:
1667:
1008:
358:
1068:
350:
543:"Situation In The Central African Republic In The Case Of The Prosecutor V. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo — Under Seal Urgent Warrant Of Arrest For Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo"
388:
145:
1230:
799:
92:
913:
1146:
440:
417:
410:
369:
376:
606:
449:
756:
1038:
716:
1174:
843:
199:
1265:
1197:
399:
189:
361:
was named head of the navy. Two of the DRC's ten military districts were also given to the MLC, and Bemba was allowed to appoint and dismiss the
1620:
Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.
1024:
1657:
1505:
1424:
987:
392:
373:
354:
160:
570:
1223:
1395:
372:, and the party gained 64 out of 500 seats in the parliament - the second highest number for any political party. In the 19 January 2007
879:
1455:
1287:
1647:
962:
697:
681:
737:
661:
1489:
897:
1216:
1006:
1380:
775:
640:
1534:
1412:
1192:
589:
427:
As a result of Bemba's disqualification by CENI, the MLC and Bemba joined the Lamuka alliance on
November 12, uniting with
1557:
796:
1652:
546:
1499:
1338:
1096:
231:
403:
234:. Formerly a rebel group operating in the Democratic Republic of Congo that fought the government throughout the
123:
1054:
1298:
1151:
753:
713:
1374:
283:
263:
309:
86:
841:
1430:
1141:
1116:
456:
238:, it subsequently took part in the transitional government and is one of the main opposition parties.
1528:
1158:
985:
1522:
567:
337:
313:
1208:
1136:
329:
321:
910:"RDC : après l'Assemblée nationale, le FCC de Kabila remporte la majorité absolue au Sénat"
1332:
1303:
455:
The MLC entered into consultations with
Tshisekedi in late 2020 to form a new government, the
1292:
1587:
1320:
1275:
317:
8:
1326:
1126:
100:
75:
1418:
294:
108:
510:"Rebels 'eating Pygmies' as mass slaughter continues in Congo despite peace agreement"
267:
49:
39:
1552:
National
Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy
1281:
1269:
1244:
665:
436:
298:
271:
235:
428:
293:
The
Movement for the Liberation of the Congo is the main suspect for perpetrating
1240:
1187:
1012:
991:
968:
885:
866:
847:
822:
803:
779:
772:
760:
754:"RDCongo: retour à l'Assemblée des députés de Bemba, rencontre avec Kabila jeudi"
720:
636:
593:
574:
227:
215:
586:
1601:
432:
262:
and controlled much of the north of the country, in particular the province of
1631:
444:
302:
938:"RDC : Félix Tshisekedi élu président, selon les résultats provisoires"
773:"The MLC suspends its participation in the National Assembly and the Senate"
607:"Congo politician guilty in first ICC trial to focus on rape as a war crime"
542:
416:
On August 25, 2018, Bemba was barred from running for the presidency in the
1385:
545:. International Criminal Court. May 23, 2008. ICC-01/05-01/08-1-tENG-Corr.
461:
34:
714:"RDCongo: les députés de Bemba réintègrent le siège saccagé de leur parti"
1493:
1484:
1057:, 17 September 2004. Use of ex-MLC troops from Gbadolite in South Kivu.
333:
113:
357:
of the MLC was named head of military logistics, while Major
General
275:
251:
1238:
383:
325:
96:
79:
1609:
1576:
797:"Congo Murder Accused Alleges Governor Ordered Hit, Lawyer Says"
1467:
1389:
402:, a member of the MLC who was serving as Vice-President of the
287:
279:
259:
137:
1439:(FLC, formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML from 2000 to 2001)
1581:
1461:
246:
1638:
2003 establishments in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
1368:
1046:
320:'s attempted coup against the government of then-President
133:
1039:
President names top officers for unified national military
637:"Jean-Pierre Bemba: Congo warlord's conviction overturned"
270:, who became vice-president of the DRC following the 2002
179:
1663:
Political parties in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
837:
835:
833:
831:
274:. The headquarters of the MLC was located in the town of
1643:
Congolese nationalism (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
460:
postings in the new coalition, headed by Prime Minister
344:
258:
During the war, the MLC was backed by the government of
16:
Political party in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
828:
825:, The Independent (independent.co.uk), August 25, 2018
312:(ICC) of committing war crimes during fighting in the
1092:
Political parties in Democratic Republic of the Congo
450:
2019 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate election
250:
Rebel militiamen, possibly affiliated to the MLC, in
1668:
Rebel groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
981:
979:
977:
932:
930:
568:"Former Congo rebel leader arrested for war crimes"
869:, Thomson Reuters, Reuters.com, November 27, 2019.
1629:
1198:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
974:
927:
368:Bemba, as the MLC candidate, came second in the
190:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1582:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
1462:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
1175:People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy
1055:04KINSHASA1753 FARDC on the move in Eastern DRC
1506:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
1002:
1000:
1224:
1076:
682:"DRC opposition party hits out at government"
639:. British Broadcasting Company. 8 June 2018.
507:
1492:(RDR, alleged successor organization to the
997:
278:. The group was the primarily supported by
1231:
1217:
1083:
1069:
1490:Rassemblement DĂ©mocratique pour le Rwanda
763:, AFP (Jeuneafrique.com), April 25, 2007.
723:, AFP (Jeuneafrique.com), April 21, 2007
599:
537:
535:
422:Independent National Electoral Commission
1132:Movement for the Liberation of the Congo
698:"Bemba's party concerned about security"
245:
212:Movement for the Liberation of the Congo
46:The 2006 Presidential election candidate
24:Movement for the Liberation of the Congo
1456:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement
1421:(RCD-K/ML or "RCD-Wamba", created 1999)
1122:Union for Democracy and Social Progress
561:
1630:
532:
520:from the original on December 26, 2010
1658:Political parties established in 2003
1419:RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération
1398:(faction of RCD-Goma created in 2002)
1212:
1064:
944:from the original on 28 November 2020
482:Mouvement pour la Libération du Congo
379:, the party won 14 out of 108 seats.
345:Integration and post-war developments
1535:Nationalist and Integrationist Front
1413:Movement for the Liberation of Congo
994:, DigitalCongo.net, January 21, 2021
899:, AfricaTimes.com, November 13, 2018
888:, AfricaNews.com, November 12, 2018.
266:. It was led by former businessman,
738:"Bemba's MLC returns to parliament"
480:The MLC is also referred to as the
13:
617:from the original on 25 March 2016
14:
1679:
1500:Army for the Liberation of Rwanda
1032:
1026:, ABCNews.go.com, March 24, 2023.
643:from the original on 14 June 2018
587:"Former DR Congo leader arrested"
508:Basildon Peta (January 9, 2003).
486:Mouvement de Libération congolais
328:and charged with three counts of
316:between 2002 and 2003 in General
1648:Factions of the Second Congo War
1502:(ALiR, successor to RDR in 1997)
1095:
971:, AfricaNews.com, June 14, 2019.
786:(congoplanet.com), July 7, 2008.
549:from the original on 3 June 2017
439:of Congo Na Biso to contest the
308:The MLC was found guilty by the
282:during the war, while the rival
232:Democratic Republic of the Congo
220:Mouvement de Libération du Congo
27:Mouvement de libération du Congo
1371:(Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance)
1018:
956:
902:
891:
872:
853:
809:
806:, Bloomberg.com, July 18, 2008.
789:
766:
747:
730:
707:
691:
404:Provincial Assembly of Kinshasa
124:Centrist Democrat International
1588:White Legion (First Congo War)
1152:Union for the Congolese Nation
675:
655:
629:
596:, BBC World News, 24 May 2008.
580:
501:
474:
241:
1:
1375:Rally for Congolese Democracy
284:Rally for Congolese Democracy
1437:Front de Libération du Congo
1427:(RCD-N, split from RCD-K/ML)
662:"Bemba fighters 'surrender'"
495:
310:International Criminal Court
7:
1431:Union of Congolese Patriots
1142:Union of Mobutist Democrats
10:
1684:
1117:Sacred Union of the Nation
1015:, VOA.com, April 13, 2021.
457:Sacred Union of the Nation
443:under a joint banner with
370:2006 presidential election
1653:Liberal parties in Africa
1618:
1600:
1567:
1558:National Liberation Front
1544:
1515:
1477:
1446:
1405:
1361:
1352:
1313:
1258:
1251:
1193:List of political parties
1183:
1167:
1159:Together for the Republic
1105:
878:Abdur Rahman Alfa Shaban
398:Following the killing of
185:
178:
173:
158:
143:
129:
120:International affiliation
119:
107:
85:
70:
55:
45:
33:
21:
1523:Allied Democratic Forces
467:
431:of Together for Change,
351:Inter-Congolese dialogue
338:Central African Republic
314:Central African Republic
1508:(FDLR, created in 2000)
1137:Unified Lumumbist Party
1053:U.S. State Department,
859:Stephanie van den Berg
577:, Xinhua, May 25, 2008.
359:Dieudonné Amuli Bahigwa
330:crimes against humanity
286:(RCD) was dominated by
180:http://www.mlc-rdc.org/
109:Political position
59:April 5, 2003
1529:Lord's Resistance Army
1464:(UNITA, in Second War)
1415:(MLC, created in 1998)
1272:/ FARDC, after Mobutu)
382:Fighting broke out in
255:
219:
1584:(UNITA, in First War)
1047:MLC, official website
850:, September 17, 2018.
441:2018 general election
418:2018 general election
411:2011 general election
249:
93:Congolese nationalism
1278:(FAA, in Second War)
1239:Armed groups in the
1147:Union for the Nation
435:of Nouvel Elan, and
353:, Brigadier General
1568:Government-aligned,
1323:(FAA, in First War)
1127:Future of the Congo
940:. 10 January 2019.
336:in the neighboring
332:and five counts of
101:Christian democracy
74:6, Avenue du Port,
1011:2023-05-09 at the
990:2023-05-09 at the
967:2020-08-08 at the
884:2019-12-12 at the
865:2019-12-06 at the
846:2020-04-07 at the
821:2020-05-05 at the
802:2024-05-21 at the
778:2011-10-04 at the
759:2007-09-30 at the
744:), April 26, 2007.
719:2007-09-30 at the
704:), April 14, 2007.
672:), March 28, 2007.
592:2017-03-20 at the
573:2008-05-28 at the
322:Ange-Félix Patassé
295:Effacer le tableau
256:
1625:
1624:
1596:
1595:
1348:
1347:
1245:Second Congo Wars
1206:
1205:
688:), April 9, 2007.
613:. 21 March 2016.
389:National Assembly
268:Jean-Pierre Bemba
208:
207:
195:Political parties
146:National Assembly
50:Jean-Pierre Bemba
40:Jean-Pierre Bemba
1675:
1447:Anti-government,
1359:
1358:
1270:Mobuto Sese Seko
1256:
1255:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1100:
1099:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1050:
1049:
1041:, 20 August 2003
1027:
1022:
1016:
1004:
995:
983:
972:
960:
954:
953:
951:
949:
934:
925:
924:
922:
921:
912:. Archived from
906:
900:
895:
889:
876:
870:
857:
851:
839:
826:
813:
807:
793:
787:
770:
764:
751:
745:
734:
728:
726:
711:
705:
695:
689:
679:
673:
666:Associated Press
659:
653:
652:
650:
648:
633:
627:
626:
624:
622:
603:
597:
584:
578:
565:
559:
558:
556:
554:
539:
530:
529:
527:
525:
505:
489:
478:
437:Freddy Matungulu
391:(but not in the
363:foreign minister
299:ethnic cleansing
272:Luanda Agreement
236:Second Congo War
168:
153:
103:
66:
64:
19:
18:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1614:
1592:
1569:
1563:
1540:
1511:
1473:
1448:
1442:
1401:
1354:
1344:
1314:Anti-government
1309:
1252:National armies
1247:
1237:
1207:
1202:
1188:Portal:Politics
1179:
1163:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1045:
1044:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1013:Wayback Machine
1005:
998:
992:Wayback Machine
984:
975:
969:Wayback Machine
961:
957:
947:
945:
936:
935:
928:
919:
917:
908:
907:
903:
896:
892:
886:Wayback Machine
877:
873:
867:Wayback Machine
858:
854:
848:Wayback Machine
840:
829:
823:Wayback Machine
815:Toyin Owoseje,
814:
810:
804:Wayback Machine
794:
790:
780:Wayback Machine
771:
767:
761:Wayback Machine
752:
748:
735:
731:
724:
721:Wayback Machine
712:
708:
696:
692:
680:
676:
660:
656:
646:
644:
635:
634:
630:
620:
618:
605:
604:
600:
594:Wayback Machine
585:
581:
575:Wayback Machine
566:
562:
552:
550:
541:
540:
533:
523:
521:
514:The Independent
506:
502:
498:
493:
492:
479:
475:
470:
349:As part of the
347:
318:François Bozizé
244:
228:political party
204:
169:
166:
154:
151:
99:
95:
91:
62:
60:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1681:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1602:United Nations
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1407:
1406:Uganda-aligned
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1392:in South Kivu)
1383:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1362:Rwanda-aligned
1356:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1262:
1260:
1259:Pro-government
1253:
1249:
1248:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1113:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1042:
1034:
1033:External links
1031:
1029:
1028:
1017:
996:
973:
955:
926:
901:
890:
871:
852:
827:
808:
788:
765:
746:
729:
706:
690:
674:
654:
628:
598:
579:
560:
531:
499:
497:
494:
491:
490:
472:
471:
469:
466:
433:Adolphe Muzito
400:Daniel Botethi
346:
343:
243:
240:
206:
205:
203:
202:
197:
192:
186:
183:
182:
176:
175:
171:
170:
165:
163:
156:
155:
150:
148:
141:
140:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
105:
104:
89:
83:
82:
72:
68:
67:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
37:
31:
30:
26:
23:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1680:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1560:(FLN/FROLINA)
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:Other parties
1166:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1108:parliamentary
1104:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1001:
993:
989:
986:
982:
980:
978:
970:
966:
963:
959:
943:
939:
933:
931:
916:on 2019-03-21
915:
911:
905:
898:
894:
887:
883:
880:
875:
868:
864:
861:
856:
849:
845:
842:
838:
836:
834:
832:
824:
820:
817:
812:
805:
801:
798:
792:
785:
781:
777:
774:
769:
762:
758:
755:
750:
743:
739:
733:
722:
718:
715:
710:
703:
699:
694:
687:
683:
678:
671:
667:
663:
658:
642:
638:
632:
616:
612:
608:
602:
595:
591:
588:
583:
576:
572:
569:
564:
548:
544:
538:
536:
519:
515:
511:
504:
500:
487:
483:
477:
473:
465:
463:
458:
453:
451:
446:
445:Martin Fayulu
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:MoĂŻse Katumbi
425:
423:
419:
414:
412:
407:
405:
401:
396:
394:
390:
385:
380:
378:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
342:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
303:Pygmy peoples
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
253:
248:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
177:
172:
164:
162:
159:Seats in the
157:
149:
147:
144:Seats in the
142:
139:
135:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
41:
38:
36:
32:
20:
1545:Anti-Burundi
1425:RCD-National
1386:Banyamulenge
1355:rebel groups
1353:Militias and
1268:(FAZ, under
1131:
1020:
958:
946:. Retrieved
918:. Retrieved
914:the original
904:
893:
874:
855:
811:
795:Franz Wild,
791:
784:Le Potentiel
783:
768:
749:
741:
736:Joe Bavier,
732:
709:
701:
693:
685:
677:
669:
657:
645:. Retrieved
631:
619:. Retrieved
611:The Guardian
610:
601:
582:
563:
551:. Retrieved
524:December 14,
522:. Retrieved
513:
503:
485:
481:
476:
462:Sama Lukonde
454:
426:
415:
408:
397:
381:
367:
365:of the DRC.
355:Malik Kijege
348:
307:
292:
257:
223:
211:
209:
71:Headquarters
1516:Anti-Uganda
1494:Interahamwe
1485:Interahamwe
1478:Anti-Rwanda
740:, Reuters (
725:(in French)
700:, Reuters (
242:Rebel years
1632:Categories
1554:(CNDD-FDD)
1470:(in Ituri)
920:2020-04-01
334:war crimes
114:Right-wing
63:2003-04-05
1396:RCD-Congo
1335:(RPF/RDF)
496:Citations
377:elections
276:Gbadolite
252:Gbadolite
200:Elections
1458:(SPLA/M)
1388:(ethnic
1381:RCD–Goma
1304:Zimbabwe
1009:Archived
988:Archived
965:Archived
942:Archived
882:Archived
863:Archived
844:Archived
819:Archived
800:Archived
776:Archived
757:Archived
717:Archived
641:Archived
621:22 March
615:Archived
590:Archived
571:Archived
547:Archived
518:Archived
384:Kinshasa
326:Brussels
301:against
264:Équateur
167:14 / 108
152:22 / 500
97:Populism
87:Ideology
80:Kinshasa
1610:MONUSCO
1577:Mai-Mai
1327:Burundi
1293:Namibia
1110:parties
948:1 April
684:, AFP (
647:27 June
420:by the
409:In the
254:in 2000
226:) is a
174:Website
130:Colours
61: (
56:Founded
1468:CODECO
1390:Tutsis
1341:(UPDF)
1339:Uganda
1333:Rwanda
1321:Angola
1284:(FANT)
1276:Angola
553:3 June
393:Senate
374:Senate
288:Rwanda
280:Uganda
260:Rwanda
216:French
161:Senate
138:Yellow
35:Leader
1570:other
1537:(FNI)
1531:(LRA)
1525:(ADF)
1449:other
1433:(UPC)
1377:(RCD)
1329:(FAB)
1306:(ZNA)
1299:Sudan
1295:(NDF)
1288:Libya
1266:Zaire
1241:First
1106:Major
468:Notes
297:, an
222:, or
76:Gombe
1369:AFDL
1282:Chad
1243:and
950:2020
649:2018
623:2016
555:2017
526:2017
210:The
134:Blue
742:IOL
702:IOL
686:IOL
670:IOL
484:or
230:in
224:MLC
1634::
999:^
976:^
929:^
830:^
782:,
664:,
609:.
534:^
516:.
512:.
305:.
290:.
218::
136:,
78:,
1496:)
1232:e
1225:t
1218:v
1084:e
1077:t
1070:v
952:.
923:.
727:.
668:(
651:.
625:.
557:.
528:.
488:.
214:(
65:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
