621:
2202:
31:
138:
1691:
1547:
1511:
1372:
1353:
1334:
1179:
1160:
1035:
1016:
852:
469:
416:, substituted the title of King for Sultan. However, British occupation and interference in Egyptian and Sudanese affairs persisted. Of particular concern to Egypt was Britain's continual efforts to divest Egypt of all control in Sudan. To both the King and the nationalist movement, this was intolerable, and the Egyptian Government made a point of stressing that Fuad and his son
327:
and his successors. In contrast to his grandfather's policy of war against the Porte, Isma'il sought to strengthen the position of Egypt and Sudan and his dynasty using less confrontational means, and through a mixture of flattery and bribery, Isma'il secured official
Ottoman recognition of Egypt and
351:
265:
in the first half of his reign, establishing the foundations of what would eventually become the modern
Sudanese state. Egyptian control in Sudan would be consolidated and expanded under his successors, most notably Ibrahim Pasha's son, Isma'il the Magnificent.
2019:
243:. He constructed a military state with around four percent of the populace serving the army to raise Egypt to a powerful positioning in the Ottoman Empire. Muhammad Ali summarised his vision for Egypt in this way:
366:, both in government and in the public at large, who insisted on the "unity of the Nile Valley", and would remain an issue of controversy and enmity between Egypt and Britain until Sudan's independence in 1956.
2861:
432:
The reign of Farouk was characterised by ever increasing nationalist discontent over the continuing
British occupation, royal corruption and incompetence, and the disastrous
2622:
400:. The legal fiction of Ottoman sovereignty over Egypt and Sudan, which had for all intents and purposes ended in 1805, was officially terminated, Hussein Kamel was declared
3255:
3415:
328:
Sudan's virtual independence. This freedom was severely undermined in 1879 when the Sultan colluded with the Great Powers to depose Isma'il in favor of his son
3497:
3270:
2936:
1832:
247:
I am well aware that the Empire is heading by the day toward destruction. ... On her ruins I will build a vast kingdom ... up to the
Euphrates and the Tigris.
45:
2854:
2470:
3275:
2430:
3096:
3178:
2951:
2615:
2847:
289:, and compelled Muhammad Ali to reconcile himself with the Ottoman Sultan. Henceforth, with Egypt's eastern frontier fixed at the boundary between
2956:
2450:
1827:
698:
409:
41:
2106:
343:'s nationalist government. While the Khedive would continue to rule over Egypt and Sudan in name, in reality, ultimate power resided with the
3711:
2015:
3585:
3290:
2608:
2210:
2133:
1822:
620:
456:. The infant king's reign lasted less than a year, and on 18 June 1953, the revolutionaries abolished the monarchy, and declared Egypt a
3335:
3691:
3330:
269:
At the height of his power, the military strength of
Muhammad Ali and Ibrahim Pasha did indeed threaten the very existence of the
3756:
3235:
2971:
2025:
3385:
2916:
3445:
3390:
3375:
3265:
3250:
3126:
3016:
2946:
2589:
1942:
1862:
362:, a territory under joint British and Egyptian rule rather than an integral part of Egypt. This was continually rejected by
3450:
3355:
3056:
2631:
2551:
2485:
748:
638:
2749:
3300:
3280:
3011:
2888:
691:
3435:
3345:
2099:
2045:
344:
336:
190:
56:
3325:
3295:
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1996:
1969:
3721:
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2125:
2065:
1817:
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3081:
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655:
3731:
3051:
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2941:
2410:
684:
642:
445:
3809:
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2092:
436:
of 1948–1949. All these factors served to terminally undermine Farouk's position, and paved the way for the
3614:
3602:
3360:
3091:
3006:
2981:
2460:
3751:
3380:
3026:
437:
405:
108:
1959:
404:, and the country became a British Protectorate. With nationalist sentiment rising, as evidenced by the
3776:
3305:
3245:
3141:
3819:
3814:
3681:
3560:
3440:
3430:
3420:
3395:
3240:
3215:
3121:
3111:
433:
1986:
254:
Une
Mission militaire française auprès de Mohamed Aly, correspondance des Généraux Belliard et Boyer
3766:
3671:
3661:
3550:
3530:
3470:
3410:
2561:
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128:
201:(Governor) of Egypt in 1805. Demonstrating his grander ambitions, he took the far higher title of
3701:
3649:
3634:
3624:
3315:
3310:
3285:
2996:
2566:
2556:
2541:
1837:
282:
1690:
1546:
1510:
1371:
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1178:
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1034:
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851:
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2707:
2334:
2176:
2146:
544:
488:
397:
206:
2359:
713:
491:(reigned as Wāli briefly during his father's incapacity) (1 September 1849 – 10 November 1849)
3741:
3480:
3455:
3230:
3161:
3136:
2986:
2926:
2911:
2803:
2379:
2141:
725:
594:
482:
162:
67:
2516:
30:
3405:
3350:
3146:
3116:
3101:
3086:
3076:
3031:
2921:
2896:
2440:
2435:
742:
736:
359:
217:, would all follow his example in using the title, however, this was not sanctioned by the
158:
2839:
137:
8:
3597:
3475:
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3220:
3200:
3156:
3151:
3046:
2901:
2420:
2389:
2374:
1906:
731:
719:
577:
332:. Three years later, Egypt and Sudan's freedom became little more than symbolic when the
3786:
3340:
3320:
3225:
3021:
3001:
2991:
2966:
2906:
2647:
2480:
2475:
2349:
2258:
2223:
1850:
1812:
580:(Chairman Council of Regency during Farouk I's minority) (28 April 1936 – 29 July 1937)
453:
375:
306:
294:
2600:
2029:
2689:
2683:
2659:
2653:
2506:
2369:
2344:
2171:
2156:
1992:
1965:
1938:
1928:
1910:
1868:
1858:
597:(Chairman Council of Regency during Fuad II's minority) (26 July 1952 – 18 June 1953)
531:
417:
385:
214:
205:, an honorific used by the Sultan himself. His sons and successors as Egypt's ruler,
2719:
2701:
2671:
2455:
2415:
2394:
2354:
2339:
2263:
2253:
2191:
2161:
2151:
2084:
1894:
632:
586:
519:
506:
494:
441:
379:
324:
222:
210:
103:
77:
440:. Farouk was forced to abdicate in favor of his infant son Ahmed Fuad, who became
3570:
3066:
2773:
2743:
2713:
2536:
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2313:
2273:
2268:
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2186:
2181:
1932:
569:
563:
550:
413:
401:
290:
274:
98:
2885:
2876:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2737:
2521:
2501:
2425:
2318:
2278:
2243:
2233:
2228:
753:
449:
389:
333:
270:
240:
178:
3803:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2731:
2526:
2511:
2303:
2298:
1914:
500:
218:
185:'s forces out of Egypt. After Napoleon’s withdrawal, he aligned himself with
2049:
1872:
239:
into a regional power which he saw as the natural successor to the decaying
2364:
2288:
2283:
2166:
525:
329:
278:
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393:
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186:
161:
from the 19th to the mid-20th century. It is named after its progenitor,
2069:
2827:
2821:
2238:
16:
Ruling dynasty of Egypt and Sudan from the 19th to the mid-20th century
235:
Through his reforms, and military campaigns, Muhammad Ali transformed
3644:
2695:
2677:
363:
320:
297:, his dynasty's territorial expansion would be restricted to Africa.
228:
He traced his ancestry back to
Ibrahim Aga, an Albanian who lived in
194:
174:
358:
In defiance of the
Egyptians, the British proclaimed Sudan to be an
2761:
2725:
2665:
457:
286:
182:
460:, ending a century and a half of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty's rule.
2635:
1961:
The
Ottoman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]
468:
312:
202:
91:
396:, and was promptly deposed by the British in favor of his uncle
339:, ostensibly to support Khedive Tewfik against his opponents in
316:
198:
87:
350:
229:
1897:(2023). "Central Europe's Limits in the North and the South".
412:
Egyptian independence in 1922, and
Hussein Kamel's successor,
2791:
262:
236:
154:
2869:
277:
with his own. Ultimately, however, the intervention of the
311:
Though Muhammad Ali and his descendants used the title of
256:(Cairo: Société Royale de Géographie d'Égypte, 1923), p.50
193:
with his Albanian troops, and forced the Ottoman Sultan
189:, the leader of Egyptian resistance against the French,
2630:
1855:
In the House of Muhammad Ali: A Family Album, 1805–1952
319:, this was not recognized by the Porte until 1867 when
1833:
History of Sudan under Muhammad Ali and his successors
2114:
444:, while administration of the country passed to the
388:sided with the Ottoman Empire which had joined the
300:
3801:
1828:History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty
463:
2855:
2616:
2100:
1988:A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History
692:
1823:List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty
477:Wālis, self-declared as Khedives (1805–1867)
1934:Ottoman Wars, 1700–1860: An Empire Besieged
285:prevented Egyptian forces from marching on
165:, regarded as the founder of modern Egypt.
2862:
2848:
2623:
2609:
2107:
2093:
2046:"Family tree of the House of Mohammed Aly"
2016:The Genealogy of the Egyptian Royal family
699:
685:
127:1953 (abolition of monarchy following the
29:
1893:
141:Map of Egypt under Muhammad Ali's dynasty
1978:
1887:
467:
369:
349:
136:
2870:Heads of state and government of Africa
2066:"The Royal Order of the Crown of Egypt"
3802:
1857:. American University in Cairo Press.
1849:
315:(Viceroy) in preference to the lesser
2843:
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2088:
1984:
1927:
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807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
604:
181:Albanian army that was sent to drive
1921:
624:Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Egypt
1957:
547:(19 December 1914 – 9 October 1917)
534:(8 January 1892 – 19 December 1914)
13:
619:
14:
3831:
2009:
749:Muhammad Ali, Prince of the Sa'id
497:(10 November 1849 – 13 July 1854)
323:officially sanctioned its use by
3498:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3271:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3179:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2952:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2200:
1818:Muhammad Ali dynasty family tree
1689:
1545:
1509:
1370:
1351:
1332:
1177:
1158:
1033:
1014:
850:
553:(9 October 1917 – 16 March 1922)
503:(13 July 1854 – 18 January 1863)
485:(9 July 1805 – 1 September 1849)
337:invaded and occupied the country
301:Khedivate and British occupation
221:until the reign of his grandson
2026:"The Royal House of Mehmet Ali"
1937:. Routledge. pp. 306–307.
1843:
572:(28 April 1936 – 26 July 1952)
566:(16 March 1922 – 28 April 1936)
528:(26 June 1879 – 7 January 1892)
509:(18 January 1863 – 8 June 1867)
273:, as he sought to supplant the
168:
57:Muhammad Ali's seizure of power
2411:Muhammad Sharif Pasha al-Kabir
1951:
770:
589:(26 July 1952 – 18 June 1953)
427:
1:
1880:
119:Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan
1522:khedive (viceroy): 1892–1914
1345:khedive (viceroy): 1879–1892
1192:khedive (viceroy): 1867–1879
522:(8 June 1867 – 26 June 1879)
464:Reigning members (1805–1952)
96:Khedive of Egypt (1867–1914)
7:
2552:Fawzia (daughter of Farouk)
2537:Fawzia (daughter of Fuad I)
2068:(in German). Archived from
1991:. I.B.Tauris. p. 303.
1806:
438:Egyptian Revolution of 1952
129:Egyptian Revolution of 1952
109:King of Egypt and the Sudan
10:
3836:
1905:. Slavic Research Center,
373:
360:Anglo-Egyptian Condominium
304:
153:was the ruling dynasty of
3518:
3489:
3208:
3199:
3170:
2884:
2875:
2643:
2580:
2494:
2403:
2327:
2209:
2198:
2132:
2123:
1625:
1623:
1603:
1601:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1458:
1456:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1190:wāli (viceroy): 1863–1867
1171:wāli (viceroy): 1848–1854
1107:
1105:
1097:
1095:
1046:wāli (viceroy): 1854–1863
990:
988:
986:
980:
978:
976:
938:
934:
932:
930:
924:
922:
920:
863:wāli (viceroy): 1805–1848
647:Prince Fouad Zaher Hassan
643:The Princess of the Sa'id
402:Sultan of Egypt and Sudan
345:British High Commissioner
123:
115:
83:
73:
63:
51:
37:
28:
23:
3256:Central African Republic
2937:Central African Republic
1964:. ABC-CLIO. p. 87.
3708:South African Republic
3557:Central African Empire
2698:(970–11th/12th century)
1838:List of Sunni dynasties
639:The Prince of the Sa'id
283:Oriental Crisis of 1840
261:Muhammad Ali conquered
223:Isma'il the Magnificent
2020:Genealogical Gleanings
1985:Elsie, Robert (2012).
625:
473:
446:Free Officers Movement
355:
259:
142:
94:) of Egypt (1805–1867)
3416:São Tomé and Príncipe
3276:Republic of the Congo
3097:São Tomé and Príncipe
2957:Republic of the Congo
2461:Kamal el Dine Hussein
2380:Muhammad Abdel Moneim
1958:Kia, Mehrdad (2017).
1899:Acta Slavica Iaponica
1665:Muhammad Abdel Moneim
726:Muhammad Abdel Moneim
623:
613:Egyptian royal family
595:Muhammad Abdel Moneim
471:
374:Further information:
370:Sultanate and Kingdom
353:
305:Further information:
245:
163:Muhammad Ali of Egypt
140:
3810:Muhammad Ali dynasty
3581:Muhammad Ali dynasty
2828:Hashemites of Jordan
2436:Ibrahim Ilhami Pasha
2116:Muhammad Ali dynasty
1027:wāli (viceroy): 1848
737:Princess Nazli Fazil
514:Khedives (1867–1914)
420:were "King of Egypt
252:Georges Douin, ed.,
197:to recognise him as
173:Muhammad Ali was an
147:Muhammad Ali dynasty
24:Muhammad Ali dynasty
3201:Heads of government
2782:(16th–19th century)
2776:(15th–19th century)
2728:(11th–12th century)
2680:(10th–11th century)
2471:Muhammad Ali Hassan
2421:Khalil Sherif Pasha
2390:Muhammad Ali Tewfik
2375:Muhammad Ali Tewfik
1907:Hokkaido University
1529:Muhammad Ali Tawfik
732:Hassan Ismail Pasha
720:Mohammed Ali Tewfik
714:Mustafa Fazıl Pasha
665:Dunya Nariman Adele
650:Princess Farah-Noor
578:Mohammed Ali Tewfik
539:Sultans (1914–1922)
410:formally recognized
3688:Orange Free State
2822:Hashemites of Iraq
2517:Fazile Hanımsultan
2476:Hassan Aziz Hassan
2431:Ismail Kamel Pasha
2259:Shehret Feza Hanim
2224:Ayn al-Hayat Qadin
2032:on 24 October 2007
1813:Albanians in Egypt
670:Prince Fakhr-Eddin
659:Sylvain Renaudeau
626:
605:Non-ruling members
474:
454:Gamal Abdel Nasser
406:revolution of 1919
376:Sultanate of Egypt
356:
307:Khedivate of Egypt
143:
68:Muhammad Ali Pasha
3797:
3796:
3641:Kingdom of Kongo
3514:
3513:
3291:Equatorial Guinea
3195:
3194:
2972:Equatorial Guinea
2837:
2836:
2632:Islamic dynasties
2598:
2597:
2507:Shivakiar Ibrahim
2072:on 20 August 2008
1944:978-0-582-30807-7
1895:Kamusella, Tomasz
1864:978-977-424-554-1
1801:
1800:
1671:regent: 1952–1953
1535:regent: 1936–1937
1383:sultan: 1917–1922
1364:sultan: 1914–1917
745:, Empress of Iran
709:
708:
558:Kings (1922–1952)
177:commander in the
135:
134:
3827:
3820:Sudanese royalty
3815:Egyptian royalty
3722:Governor-General
3209:UN member states
3206:
3205:
2882:
2881:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2602:
2601:
2456:Said Halim Pasha
2416:Ali Pasha Sherif
2264:Shafaq Nur Hanim
2254:Jeshm Afet Hanim
2204:
2203:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2048:. Archived from
2041:
2039:
2037:
2028:. Archived from
2003:
2002:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1891:
1876:
1703:
1693:
1672:
1559:
1549:
1536:
1523:
1513:
1386:
1374:
1365:
1355:
1346:
1336:
1193:
1181:
1172:
1162:
1047:
1037:
1028:
1018:
1009:
864:
854:
775:
774:
701:
694:
687:
609:
608:
380:Kingdom of Egypt
321:Sultan Abdulaziz
257:
151:Alawiyya dynasty
33:
21:
20:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3727:State President
3712:State President
3692:State President
3668:Merina Kingdom
3527:Ashanti Empire
3521:and governments
3520:
3510:
3485:
3191:
3166:
2871:
2868:
2838:
2833:
2639:
2629:
2599:
2594:
2576:
2490:
2399:
2323:
2274:Jamal Nur Qadin
2269:Nur Felek Qadin
2249:Jananiyar Hanim
2205:
2201:
2196:
2128:
2119:
2113:
2075:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2033:
2024:
2012:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1929:Aksan, Virginia
1926:
1922:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1865:
1846:
1809:
1803:
1702:king: 1952–1953
1701:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1558:king: 1936–1952
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1385:king: 1922–1936
1384:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1007:
1006:
862:
860:
859:
855:
773:
705:
676:
674:
662:Nael Fouad Jean
658:
656:Princess Fawzia
641:
607:
466:
430:
382:
372:
354:Khedive Isma'il
309:
303:
258:
251:
171:
107:
102:
99:Sultan of Egypt
97:
95:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3833:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3777:Prime Minister
3771:
3770:
3769:
3767:Prime Minister
3761:
3760:
3759:
3757:Prime Minister
3754:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3732:Prime Minister
3729:
3724:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3682:Prime Minister
3676:
3675:
3674:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3662:Prime Minister
3656:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3635:Prime Minister
3629:
3628:
3627:
3625:Prime Minister
3619:
3618:
3617:
3615:Prime Minister
3609:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3541:Prime Minister
3535:
3534:
3533:
3524:
3522:
3519:Defunct states
3516:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2879:
2877:Heads of state
2873:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2830:(1921–present)
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2605:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2522:Tevhide Ilhamy
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2502:Kadria Hussein
2498:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2426:Ismail Chirine
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2319:Narriman Sadek
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2279:Neshedil Qadin
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2244:Melekber Hanim
2241:
2236:
2234:Mahivech Hanim
2231:
2229:Hoshiyar Qadin
2226:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:Abbas Hilmi II
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2062:
2052:on 16 May 2008
2042:
2022:
2011:
2010:External links
2008:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1977:
1970:
1950:
1943:
1920:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
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1501:
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1497:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
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1455:
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1449:
1447:
1445:
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1422:
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1409:
1407:
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1401:
1399:
1397:
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1387:
1368:
1366:
1349:
1347:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
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1248:
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1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1175:
1173:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1031:
1029:
1012:
1010:
1001:
999:
997:
994:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
970:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
906:
904:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
833:
831:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
772:
769:
768:
767:
761:
756:
754:Narriman Sadek
751:
746:
739:
734:
728:
722:
716:
707:
706:
704:
703:
696:
689:
681:
678:
677:
672:
671:
668:
667:
666:
663:
653:
652:
651:
648:
628:
627:
616:
615:
606:
603:
602:
601:
600:
599:
584:
583:
582:
567:
560:
559:
555:
554:
548:
541:
540:
536:
535:
529:
523:
516:
515:
511:
510:
504:
498:
492:
486:
479:
478:
465:
462:
450:Mohamed Naguib
429:
426:
390:Central Powers
371:
368:
334:United Kingdom
302:
299:
287:Constantinople
271:Ottoman Empire
249:
241:Ottoman Empire
170:
167:
133:
132:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
90:(unrecognised
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
53:
49:
48:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3832:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3783:Zulu Kingdom
3782:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:South Africa
3717:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3517:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3331:Guinea-Bissau
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:Guinea-Bissau
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2889:member states
2887:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2573:
2572:Fawzia-Latifa
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2527:Zeynab Ilhamy
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:Tawhida Hanim
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2487:
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2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:Youssef Kamal
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:Omar Toussoun
2439:
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2307:
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2304:Melek Tourhan
2302:
2300:
2299:Javidan Hanim
2297:
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2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
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2212:
2208:
2193:
2192:Ahmed Fuad II
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Hussein Kamel
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2152:Abbas Hilmi I
2150:
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2127:
2122:
2117:
2110:
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2087:
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2063:
2051:
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2031:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2000:
1998:9781780764313
1994:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1971:9781610693899
1967:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1940:
1936:
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1924:
1916:
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1442:
1438:
1436:
1432:
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1425:
1423:
1378:
1373:
1359:
1358:Hussein Kamil
1354:
1340:
1335:
1324:
1321:
1313:
1311:
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1301:
1300:
1265:
1257:
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1005:
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992:
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776:
766:
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579:
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562:
561:
557:
556:
552:
549:
546:
545:Hussein Kamel
543:
542:
538:
537:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
517:
513:
512:
508:
505:
502:
499:
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493:
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487:
484:
481:
480:
476:
475:
472:King Farouk I
470:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:Palestine War
425:
423:
419:
418:King Farouk I
415:
414:Sultan Fuad I
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:Hussein Kamel
395:
391:
387:
381:
377:
367:
365:
361:
352:
348:
346:
342:
338:
335:
331:
326:
325:Isma'il Pasha
322:
318:
314:
308:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:Osman Dynasty
272:
267:
264:
255:
248:
244:
242:
238:
233:
231:
226:
224:
220:
219:Sublime Porte
216:
212:
208:
207:Ibrahim Pasha
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
139:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
104:King of Egypt
100:
93:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3580:
3503:
3496:
3490:Other states
3441:South Africa
3431:Sierra Leone
3236:Burkina Faso
3184:
3177:
3171:Other states
3122:South Africa
3112:Sierra Leone
2917:Burkina Faso
2815:
2788:(1560s–1690)
2486:Muhammad Ali
2360:Mustafa Fazl
2350:Ahmad Rifaat
2289:Emina Ilhamy
2284:Ferial Qadin
2182:Ahmed Fuad I
2142:Muhammad Ali
2115:
2074:. Retrieved
2070:the original
2054:. Retrieved
2050:the original
2034:. Retrieved
2030:the original
1987:
1980:
1960:
1953:
1933:
1923:
1902:
1898:
1889:
1854:
1844:Bibliography
1802:
1695:
1664:
1551:
1528:
1515:
1376:
1357:
1338:
1183:
1164:
1039:
1020:
1003:
857:Muhammad Ali
856:
673:
631:
612:
592:
575:
483:Muhammad Ali
442:King Fuad II
431:
421:
383:
357:
310:
293:and Ottoman
279:Great Powers
268:
260:
253:
246:
234:
227:
191:seized power
172:
169:Introduction
150:
146:
144:
18:
3611:The Gambia
3446:South Sudan
3336:Ivory Coast
3127:South Sudan
3017:Ivory Coast
2824:(1921–1958)
2818:(1805–1952)
2812:(1726–1834)
2806:(1704–1831)
2800:(1697–1842)
2794:(1649–1850)
2770:(1382–1517)
2764:(1376–1843)
2758:(1250–1382)
2752:(1234–1262)
2746:(1171–1341)
2740:(1127–1250)
2734:(1104–1154)
2722:(1024–1080)
2532:Nazli Fazil
2481:Abbas Hilmi
2466:Abbas Halim
2446:Tusun Pasha
2370:Abbas Hilmi
2309:Nazli Sabri
2294:Ikbal Hanim
2219:Amina Hanem
2126:Family tree
2118:(1805–1953)
1669:1899 – 1979
1556:1920 – 1965
1533:1875 – 1955
1520:1874 – 1944
1381:1868 – 1936
1362:1853 – 1917
1343:1852 – 1892
1188:1830 – 1895
1169:1813 – 1854
1044:1822 – 1863
1025:1789 – 1848
1008:1794 – 1816
1004:Tusun Pasha
861:1769 – 1849
771:Family tree
765:Abbas Halim
759:Nazli Sabri
743:Fawzia Fuad
428:Dissolution
394:World War I
341:Ahmed Orabi
215:Sa'id Pasha
187:Omar Makram
111:(1951–1953)
106:(1922–1951)
101:(1914–1922)
74:Final ruler
3804:Categories
3505:Somaliland
3426:Seychelles
3391:Mozambique
3376:Mauritania
3361:Madagascar
3316:The Gambia
3251:Cape Verde
3186:Somaliland
3107:Seychelles
3072:Mozambique
3057:Mauritania
3042:Madagascar
2997:The Gambia
2932:Cape Verde
2716:(990–1096)
2710:(990–1085)
2704:(990–1081)
2686:(909–1171)
2674:(890–1004)
2662:(750–1258)
2495:Princesses
2395:Ahmad Fuad
2239:Inji Hanim
1909:: 83–112.
1881:References
1851:Hassan, H.
408:, Britain
232:, Greece.
124:Deposition
3773:Zimbabwe
3748:Zanzibar
3594:Ethiopia
3381:Mauritius
3062:Mauritius
2750:Lu'lu'ids
2720:Mirdasids
2708:Marwanids
2702:Numayrids
2696:Jarrahids
2692:(935–969)
2690:Ikhsidids
2678:Hadhabani
2672:Hamdanids
2668:(868–905)
2656:(661–750)
2650:(632–661)
2648:Rashiduns
2076:19 August
2056:19 August
2036:19 August
1931:(2013) .
1915:0288-3503
741:Princess
364:Egyptians
295:Palestine
225:in 1867.
195:Mahmud II
116:Estate(s)
3738:Tunisia
3678:Nigeria
3567:Dahomey
3547:Burundi
3481:Zimbabwe
3456:Tanzania
3306:Ethiopia
3301:Eswatini
3281:Djibouti
3246:Cameroon
3231:Botswana
3162:Zimbabwe
3137:Tanzania
2987:Ethiopia
2982:Eswatini
2962:Djibouti
2927:Cameroon
2912:Botswana
2816:Alawiyya
2762:Bahdinan
2744:Ayyubids
2726:Artuqids
2714:Uqaylids
2684:Fatimids
2666:Tulunids
2660:Abbasids
2654:Umayyads
2585:Category
2211:Consorts
2134:Monarchs
1873:45016821
1853:(2000).
1807:See also
1516:Abbas II
633:The King
532:Abbas II
458:republic
424:Sudan".
386:Abbas II
384:Khedive
281:in the
250:—
183:Napoleon
175:Albanian
3763:Zambia
3698:Rwanda
3672:Monarch
3658:Malawi
3645:Monarch
3598:Emperor
3586:Monarch
3561:Emperor
3531:Monarch
3466:Tunisia
3436:Somalia
3421:Senegal
3406:Nigeria
3396:Namibia
3386:Morocco
3351:Liberia
3346:Lesotho
3296:Eritrea
3266:Comoros
3241:Burundi
3216:Algeria
3147:Tunisia
3117:Somalia
3102:Senegal
3087:Nigeria
3077:Namibia
3067:Morocco
3032:Liberia
3027:Lesotho
2977:Eritrea
2947:Comoros
2922:Burundi
2897:Algeria
2810:Jalilis
2804:Mamluks
2798:Shihabs
2774:Harfush
2738:Zengids
2636:Mashriq
2590:Commons
2404:Princes
2355:Isma'il
2335:Ibrahim
2162:Isma'il
2147:Ibrahim
1700:1952 –
1696:Fuad II
1165:Abbas I
1021:Ibrahim
763:Prince
730:Prince
724:Prince
718:Prince
712:Prince
593:Prince
587:Fuad II
576:Prince
520:Isma'il
507:Isma'il
495:Abbas I
489:Ibrahim
392:in the
313:Khedive
211:Abbas I
203:Khedive
179:Ottoman
149:or the
92:Khedive
78:Fuad II
64:Founder
52:Founded
38:Country
3752:Sultan
3631:Kenya
3621:Ghana
3577:Egypt
3537:Benin
3476:Zambia
3471:Uganda
3411:Rwanda
3366:Malawi
3326:Guinea
3221:Angola
3157:Zambia
3152:Uganda
3092:Rwanda
3047:Malawi
3007:Guinea
2902:Angola
2786:Ridwan
2732:Burids
2638:region
2562:Farial
2547:Fathia
2385:Farouk
2365:Tewfik
2314:Farida
2187:Farouk
2167:Tewfik
1995:
1968:
1941:
1913:
1871:
1861:
1552:Farouk
1377:Fuad I
1339:Tawfik
1184:Ismail
570:Farouk
564:Fuad I
551:Fuad I
526:Tewfik
448:under
330:Tewfik
230:Kavala
213:, and
84:Titles
55:1805 (
3451:Sudan
3401:Niger
3356:Libya
3341:Kenya
3321:Ghana
3311:Gabon
3286:Egypt
3226:Benin
3132:Sudan
3082:Niger
3037:Libya
3022:Kenya
3002:Ghana
2992:Gabon
2967:Egypt
2907:Benin
2792:Baban
2780:Soran
2768:Burji
2756:Bahri
2567:Fadia
2557:Faiza
2542:Faika
2345:Sa'id
2340:Abbas
2328:Heirs
2157:Sa'id
501:Sa‘id
291:Sinai
263:Sudan
237:Egypt
159:Sudan
155:Egypt
46:Sudan
42:Egypt
3787:King
3702:King
3650:list
3603:list
3571:King
3551:King
3461:Togo
3371:Mali
3261:Chad
3142:Togo
3052:Mali
2942:Chad
2078:2008
2058:2008
2038:2008
1993:ISBN
1966:ISBN
1939:ISBN
1911:ISSN
1869:OCLC
1859:ISBN
1040:Said
452:and
378:and
317:Wāli
199:Wāli
157:and
145:The
88:Wāli
44:and
3742:Bey
2634:in
2018:at
422:and
3806::
2886:UN
1903:44
1901:.
1867:.
347:.
209:,
2863:e
2856:t
2849:v
2624:e
2617:t
2610:v
2108:e
2101:t
2094:v
2080:.
2060:.
2040:.
2001:.
1974:.
1947:.
1917:.
1875:.
700:e
693:t
686:v
131:)
59:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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