3717:
24:
1236:
5434:
1918:
3890:
1257:
The numeral symbols were first provided by
Duquesne and reproduced by Humboldt, Acosta, and Zerda. These glyphs have been criticized and their authenticity questioned, as they are “practically nonexistent” in the surviving archaeological record, including the calendar stone from Choachí. Potentially,
1095:). The Muisca numerals were based on counting with fingers and toes. They had specific numbers from one to ten, yet for the numbers between eleven and nineteen they used "foot one" (11) to "foot nine" (19). The number 20 was the 'perfect' number for the Muisca which is visible in their
2128:
Sitios de las
Cordilleras y monumentos de los pueblos indígenas de América - Calendario de los indios muiscas - Parte 1 - Views of the Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas - Muisca calendar - Part
1185:
The Muisca used a vigesimal counting system and counted primarily with their fingers and secondarily with their toes. Their system went from 1 to 10 and for higher numerations they used the prefix
2098:
Disertación sobre el calendario de los muyscas, indios naturales de este Nuevo Reino de
Granada - Dissertation about the Muisca calendar, indigenous people of this New Kingdom of Granada
4136:
252:
4103:
3697:
1204:
civilizations, the number 20 was special. It was the total number of all body extremities; fingers and toes. The Muisca used two forms to express twenty: "foot ten";
4160:
2285:
4233:
4226:
3692:
5331:
5378:
4219:
2226:
4649:
5049:
3862:
2112:
5353:
5081:
4093:
3672:
2318:
166:
4520:
4488:
3657:
4074:
2634:
2257:
3662:
1051:
5106:
2666:
347:
5311:
2190:
The Muisca
Calendar: An approximation to the timekeeping system of the ancient native people of the northeastern Andes of Colombia
4177:
3757:
771:
5156:
131:
4209:
2654:
3568:
2683:
4821:
4428:
3627:
2678:
2556:
138:
5478:
5363:
5345:
3682:
2661:
2300:
2167:
Sitios de las
Cordilleras y monumentos de los pueblos indígenas de América - Calendario de los indios muiscas - Parte 3
2146:
Sitios de las
Cordilleras y monumentos de los pueblos indígenas de América - Calendario de los indios muiscas - Parte 2
604:
121:
5388:
5009:
4948:
3621:
2690:
318:
126:
3442:
3131:
5259:
4032:
5368:
5358:
5076:
4311:
3512:
3142:
2824:
2639:
2250:
395:
5239:
2185:
4936:
3604:
3447:
2295:
1076:
838:
298:
248:
3583:
2859:
5274:
3593:
2834:
2338:
1044:
619:
5264:
5014:
4963:
3609:
2165:
2144:
2126:
1130:
For the representation of their numbers they used digits inspired by their natural surroundings, especially
304:
5401:
4968:
4807:
3687:
3615:
3579:
2649:
2210:
2172:
Views of the
Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas - Muisca calendar - Part 3
2151:
Views of the
Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas - Muisca calendar - Part 2
964:
340:
311:
5071:
3750:
3281:
3153:
2739:
2481:
2290:
791:
2096:
974:
5411:
4978:
3508:
3392:
3235:
2243:
851:
5066:
5029:
5004:
4145:
261:
5473:
5406:
5269:
947:
716:
1119:, they only counted from one to ten and twenty. Each number had a special meaning, related to their
23:
5468:
5373:
4017:
3215:
2819:
2744:
2621:
2596:
2310:
1147:
1037:
364:
171:
5209:
5204:
4983:
4739:
4088:
2092:
1170:
181:
4631:
4437:
4355:
3879:
3869:
3291:
2964:
2461:
1027:
811:
408:
333:
148:
5019:
4988:
3516:
672:
5234:
5199:
3743:
2122:
1270:
1247:
1166:
711:
627:
5396:
5254:
5194:
5086:
4475:
2934:
5244:
5229:
4445:
3437:
3352:
3286:
2919:
2673:
2644:
2443:
2418:
2383:
829:
5034:
4450:
4081:
3909:
2571:
5219:
4563:
4299:
3832:
3721:
3588:
3452:
3417:
3337:
3026:
2734:
2629:
2611:
2511:
2235:
1235:
1151:
924:
785:
778:
659:
271:
96:
5179:
2914:
8:
5289:
5189:
5184:
4042:
3802:
3554:
3316:
2348:
2328:
1006:
996:
871:
822:
634:
566:
421:
382:
61:
2546:
461:
5121:
4973:
4460:
3924:
3889:
3797:
3677:
3667:
3573:
3397:
3306:
3085:
2829:
2774:
2749:
2413:
2408:
2378:
2373:
2193:
919:
509:
504:
451:
56:
5224:
3961:
3296:
456:
5463:
4891:
4863:
4455:
4388:
4194:
4121:
3702:
3632:
3598:
3321:
3311:
3021:
2989:
2869:
2799:
2531:
2506:
2438:
2428:
2266:
1201:
1099:. To calculate higher numbers than 20 they used multiples of their 'perfect' number;
1001:
991:
979:
959:
914:
909:
845:
677:
649:
556:
489:
479:
466:
431:
426:
5164:
5061:
5024:
4373:
4069:
2899:
2764:
2730:
1243:
1143:
894:
176:
5249:
4830:
4541:
4527:
3847:
3842:
3812:
3402:
3342:
3326:
3209:
3173:
3080:
2984:
2784:
2601:
2576:
2393:
2388:
1936:
1276:
1194:
1158:
1088:
904:
798:
551:
539:
484:
474:
441:
416:
106:
91:
71:
4465:
4052:
1157:
The most important scholars who provided knowledge about the Muisca numerals were
5458:
5437:
5174:
4669:
3904:
3857:
3817:
3525:
3204:
3163:
3148:
3075:
2969:
2864:
2779:
2754:
2715:
2700:
2521:
2358:
2230:
2116:
1947:
1923:
1120:
1112:
1096:
1016:
986:
929:
899:
884:
612:
584:
561:
544:
403:
116:
76:
32:
4483:
4098:
4027:
499:
5169:
5039:
4909:
4881:
4871:
4843:
4838:
4495:
4275:
4062:
3874:
3827:
3822:
3456:
3422:
3266:
3241:
3198:
3188:
3178:
3168:
3126:
2909:
2720:
2710:
2403:
2363:
2353:
1979:
1103:
would be "20 times 4", so 80. To describe "50" they used "20 times 2 plus 10";
1011:
954:
934:
889:
762:
494:
446:
372:
266:
143:
86:
81:
5279:
3558:
3542:
3362:
1162:
5452:
5294:
5284:
5116:
5056:
4899:
4770:
4251:
3919:
3412:
3256:
3225:
3193:
3137:
3105:
2944:
2904:
2894:
2889:
2879:
2874:
2809:
2804:
2759:
2323:
2280:
2206:
1952:
1251:
1224:("twenty plus ten"; 30). Larger numbers were counted as multiples of twenty;
1174:
1080:
1068:
817:
706:
639:
579:
514:
436:
239:
16:
System used by the ancient Muisca civilization to represent numbers and dates
3503:
3499:
2491:
2486:
4876:
4853:
4848:
4674:
4505:
4500:
4363:
4245:
4126:
4047:
3939:
3837:
3495:
3471:
3427:
3377:
3372:
3261:
3246:
3230:
3095:
3046:
3041:
3016:
2994:
2959:
2839:
2541:
2476:
2433:
969:
229:
188:
101:
4584:
3969:
2979:
1200:. Eleven became thus "foot one", twelve: "foot two", etc. As in the other
213:
5214:
5111:
4904:
4589:
4579:
4510:
4413:
4057:
4037:
3929:
3491:
3481:
3100:
3031:
2884:
2854:
2561:
2453:
2333:
939:
804:
756:
746:
234:
4799:
4659:
3984:
5321:
5044:
4780:
4765:
4418:
4403:
4393:
4184:
3807:
3529:
3367:
3347:
2789:
2581:
2343:
1931:
741:
66:
4408:
3974:
2974:
208:
4775:
4594:
4557:
4515:
4398:
4240:
3550:
3546:
3521:
3271:
2606:
2496:
1116:
1084:
751:
4757:
4664:
4368:
4172:
3055:
2725:
276:
4703:
4698:
4690:
3951:
3537:
3387:
2929:
2924:
2814:
2794:
1072:
286:
2949:
2198:
4725:
4717:
4383:
4167:
3533:
3070:
2954:
2695:
2591:
2566:
2551:
2471:
2466:
2423:
2398:
2368:
736:
721:
291:
2999:
4785:
4287:
4214:
3914:
3766:
3476:
3466:
2849:
2844:
2769:
2705:
2586:
2536:
2526:
2501:
1142:("nine") were both derived from the animals so abundant on the
726:
40:
4378:
2071:
1258:
they might represent asterisms or months instead of numerals.
1216:, which means "house". Numbers between 20 and 30 were counted
4685:
4644:
3979:
3945:
3934:
3116:
3060:
3051:
2939:
2516:
1941:
731:
693:
654:
281:
3698:
Population history of the
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2265:
4752:
1131:
1124:
3735:
3693:
Painting in the
Americas before European colonization
1913:
5450:
2174:] (in Spanish), Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango
2153:] (in Spanish), Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango
2055:
1087:numerical system, based on multiples of twenty (
3673:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
3658:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas
2184:
3751:
2251:
1123:and certain animals, especially the abundant
1067:were the numeric notation system used by the
1045:
341:
5145:
4947:
2046:
1985:
1980:Muisca numbers according to Bernardo de Lugo
4620:
4344:
3758:
3744:
2258:
2244:
2192:, Université de Montréal, pp. 1–170,
2132:(in Spanish), Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango
1052:
1038:
348:
334:
4006:
3663:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2197:
2267:Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures
2163:
2142:
2121:
2091:
1234:
2061:Izquierdo Peña, 2009, pp.42-44, 118-120
2028:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
5451:
2164:Humboldt, Alexander von (1878), "VI",
2143:Humboldt, Alexander von (1878), "VI",
1971:
1969:
1967:
5144:
4934:
4619:
4343:
4005:
3779:
3739:
2239:
2205:
4935:
2019:
2010:
1994:
1852:gue-quihicha bozha asaqui hubchihica
2691:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela
1964:
1897:gue-chihica aca asaqui quihicha aca
13:
3683:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
2662:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia
1071:, one of the civilizations of the
14:
5490:
2674:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador
2645:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia
1857:guêqhicħâ boʒhas aſaqɣ hubchìhicâ
1173:(late 18th and 19th century) and
5433:
5432:
5107:Conquest of the Chibchan Nations
3888:
3715:
2667:Archaeological sites in Colombia
2640:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil
1916:
1150:where the Muisca lived in their
22:
2650:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile
2085:
2064:
1902:guêqhicħâ acas aſaqɣ qhicħâ aca
1882:gue-chihica suhuza asaqui hisca
1732:gue-muyhica asaqui quihicha aca
5402:Archaeology Museum of Sogamoso
2125:, Alexander von (1878), "VI",
2037:
1887:guêqhicħâ shûʒhâs aſaqɣ hɣcſcâ
1807:gue-cuhupqua asaqui hubchihica
1193:, which means "foot" in their
1077:Spanish conquest of the Muisca
1:
5082:Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela
3594:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala
2655:Archaeological sites in Chile
1958:
4808:Diego de Torres y Moyachoque
3688:Mesoamerican writing systems
3645:
2684:Archaeological sites in Peru
1717:gue-muyhica asaqui ubchihica
7:
5407:Archaeology Museum of Pasca
3584:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
2104:(in Spanish), pp. 1–17
2076:Muysc cubun - Lengua Muisca
1909:
1822:gue-aca asaqui quihicha aca
1812:guêqhûpqâs aſaqɣ hubchìhicâ
1782:guêhɣcſcâs aſaqɣ hubchìhicâ
1777:gue-hisca asaqui hubchihica
1737:guêmhuɣcâs aſaqɣ qhicħâ aca
1722:guêmhuɣcâs aſaqɣ hubchìhicâ
1180:
10:
5495:
5412:Metropolitan Museum of Art
5077:Ortún Velázquez de Velasco
5015:Bartolomé Camacho Zambrano
3910:Battle of Chocontá (~1490)
3780:
3765:
3610:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
3513:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
2052:Izquierdo Peña, 2009, p.43
1662:guêboʒhas aſaqɣ hubchìhicâ
1109:guêboʒhas aſaqɣ hubchìhicâ
772:Non-standard radices/bases
5479:Vigesimal numeral systems
5428:
5387:
5344:
5303:
5155:
5151:
5140:
5122:Battle of Tocarema (1538)
5099:
5072:Miguel Holguín y Figueroa
4997:
4956:
4943:
4930:
4890:
4862:
4829:
4820:
4794:
4750:
4738:
4712:
4683:
4642:
4630:
4626:
4615:
4572:
4549:
4540:
4474:
4436:
4427:
4354:
4350:
4339:
4261:
4193:
4144:
4135:
4114:
4105:Ubaté-Chiquinquirá Valley
4016:
4012:
4001:
3960:
3897:
3886:
3790:
3786:
3775:
3711:
3653:
3644:
3564:
3487:
3462:
3433:
3408:
3383:
3358:
3333:
3302:
3277:
3252:
3221:
3184:
3159:
3122:
3091:
3066:
3037:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3008:
2835:Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)
2620:
2452:
2309:
2273:
1692:guêmicas aſaqɣ hubchìhicâ
1687:gue-mica asaqui ubchihica
1657:gue-bosa asaqui ubchihica
1220:("twenty plus one"; 21),
1105:gue-bosa asaqui ubchihica
5374:University of Pittsburgh
5369:Universidad La Javeriana
5364:Universidad de los Andes
5146:Research and collections
3722:Civilizations portal
2679:Cultural periods of Peru
2188:, Manuel Arturo (2009),
1827:guêacas aſaqɣ qhicħâ aca
1632:guêatas aſaqɣ hubchìhicâ
1208:or their exclusive word
1148:Altiplano Cundiboyacense
5030:Hernán Venegas Carrillo
5005:Antonio Díaz de Cardoso
4621:Caciques and neighbours
3905:Battle of Pasca (~1470)
3616:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
2462:Mesoamerican chronology
2095:, José Domingo (1795),
1627:guetas asaqui ubchihica
1146:and other parts of the
1028:List of numeral systems
5117:Conquest of the Panche
5100:Neighbouring conquests
4345:Religion and mythology
2319:Archaeological periods
2025:Humboldt, 1878, Part 3
2016:Humboldt, 1878, Part 2
2007:Humboldt, 1878, Part 1
1254:
1222:gueta asaqui ubchihica
1167:Alexander von Humboldt
4979:Gonzalo Suárez Rendón
4007:Geography and history
3622:List of Conquistadors
3509:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
2920:Quebrada de Humahuaca
2339:Caddoan Mississippian
1991:Izquierdo, 2009, p.30
1982:- accessed 29-04-2016
1238:
1232:("20 times 5"; 100).
1171:José Domingo Duquesne
396:Hindu–Arabic numerals
5359:Universidad Nacional
5112:Conquest of the Muzo
5020:Gonzalo García Zorro
4573:Mythological figures
4564:Monster of Lake Tota
4300:Muisca Confederation
3589:Francisco de Montejo
3517:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I
2630:Andean civilizations
2557:Shaft tomb tradition
1767:guêhɣcſcâs aſaqɣ ata
1762:gue-hisca asaqui ata
1228:("20 times 2"; 40),
925:Prehistoric counting
701:Common radices/bases
383:Place-value notation
272:Muisca Confederation
5346:Research institutes
5087:Pedro Ruíz Corredor
3555:Manco Inca Yupanqui
2860:Manteño-Huancavilca
2329:Ancestral Puebloans
2209:, Liborio (1947) ,
1263:
1107:, transcribed from
1083:, the Muisca had a
872:Sign-value notation
5067:Martín Yañéz Tafur
5035:Juan de Albarracín
5010:Antonio de Lebrija
4989:Juan de San Martín
4974:Baltasar Maldonado
4964:Gonzalo de Quesada
4461:Goranchacha Temple
4115:Neighbouring areas
3678:Columbian exchange
3668:Portal:Mesoamerica
2820:La Tolita (Tumaco)
2635:Indigenous peoples
2374:Hopewell tradition
2301:Indigenous peoples
2229:2019-07-07 at the
2115:2007-06-14 at the
1261:
1255:
1206:quihícha ubchihica
528:East Asian systems
5446:
5445:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5270:Reichel-Dolmatoff
5136:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5095:
5094:
4969:Hernán de Quesada
4926:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4816:
4815:
4734:
4733:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4536:
4535:
4456:Cojines del Zaque
4335:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4210:Piedras del Tunjo
4094:Flora & fauna
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3703:Pre-Columbian art
3639:
3638:
3633:Francisco Pizarro
3599:Pedro de Alvarado
2915:Pucará de Tilcara
1907:
1906:
1867:gue-chihica hisca
1617:guêatas aſaqɣ ata
1612:guetas asaqui ata
1552:quihicha cuhupqua
1062:
1061:
861:
860:
358:
357:
5486:
5474:Chibcha language
5436:
5435:
5337:
5327:
5317:
5153:
5152:
5142:
5141:
5052:
4984:Juan de Céspedes
4954:
4953:
4945:
4944:
4937:Spanish conquest
4932:
4931:
4892:Cariban-speaking
4831:Chibcha-speaking
4827:
4826:
4748:
4747:
4652:
4640:
4639:
4628:
4627:
4617:
4616:
4547:
4546:
4528:Tequendama Falls
4523:
4491:
4434:
4433:
4352:
4351:
4341:
4340:
4320:
4308:
4296:
4284:
4269:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4203:
4200:10,000 - 2800 BP
4180:
4163:
4154:
4142:
4141:
4106:
4077:
4014:
4013:
4003:
4002:
3892:
3865:
3788:
3787:
3777:
3776:
3769:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3642:
3641:
3628:Spanish Conquest
3605:Spanish Conquest
3580:Spanish Conquest
3569:Spanish Conquest
3011:
3010:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2202:
2201:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2080:
2079:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2005:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1872:guêqhicħâ hɣcſcâ
1264:
1260:
1218:gueta asaqui ata
1195:Chibcha language
1165:(17th century),
1159:Bernardo de Lugo
1079:. Just like the
1054:
1047:
1040:
843:
827:
809:
799:balanced ternary
796:
783:
389:
388:
360:
359:
350:
343:
336:
321:
314:
307:
299:Spanish conquest
26:
19:
18:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5469:Numeral systems
5449:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5416:
5383:
5340:
5335:
5325:
5315:
5299:
5147:
5128:
5091:
5050:
4993:
4939:
4914:
4886:
4864:Arawak-speaking
4858:
4812:
4790:
4730:
4708:
4679:
4670:Quemuenchatocha
4650:
4622:
4599:
4568:
4532:
4521:
4489:
4470:
4423:
4346:
4323:
4314:
4302:
4290:
4278:
4263:
4257:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4197:
4189:
4178:
4161:
4148:
4131:
4110:
4104:
4075:
4019:
4008:
3989:
3962:The Salt People
3956:
3893:
3884:
3863:
3782:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3734:
3725:
3716:
3714:
3707:
3649:
3640:
3630:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3582:
3571:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3526:Quemuenchatocha
3524:
3515:
3511:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3455:
3324:
3233:
3207:
3196:
3143:Human Sacrifice
3140:
3132:Human Sacrifice
3129:
3103:
3076:Mayan Languages
3004:
2616:
2448:
2305:
2286:Genetic history
2269:
2264:
2231:Wayback Machine
2221:
2219:
2215:
2177:
2175:
2156:
2154:
2135:
2133:
2117:Wayback Machine
2107:
2105:
2101:
2088:
2083:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2006:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1975:
1974:
1965:
1961:
1948:Muisca calendar
1944:- Inca numerals
1924:Colombia portal
1922:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1567:quihicha suhuza
1507:quihicha mhuyca
1242:as depicted by
1240:Muisca numerals
1212:, derived from
1183:
1065:Muisca numerals
1058:
1022:
1021:
944:
930:Proto-cuneiform
875:
874:
863:
862:
857:
856:
841:
825:
807:
794:
781:
768:
697:
696:
684:
683:
664:
624:
609:
600:
599:
590:
589:
571:
530:
529:
520:
519:
471:
413:
399:
398:
386:
385:
373:Numeral systems
354:
317:
310:
303:
222:Main neighbours
199:The Salt People
167:Flora and fauna
17:
12:
11:
5:
5492:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5393:
5391:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5328:
5318:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5190:De Castellanos
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5161:
5159:
5149:
5148:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5062:Martín Galeano
5059:
5054:
5047:
5042:
5040:Juan del Junco
5037:
5032:
5027:
5025:Gonzalo Macías
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4958:
4951:
4941:
4940:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4804:
4802:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4762:
4760:
4745:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4656:
4654:
4637:
4624:
4623:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4553:
4551:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4360:
4358:
4348:
4347:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4309:
4297:
4285:
4272:
4270:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4157:
4155:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4070:Bogotá savanna
4067:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4024:
4022:
4020:Cundiboyacense
4010:
4009:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3784:
3783:
3773:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3637:
3636:
3625:
3602:
3577:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3540:
3519:
3506:
3489:
3488:Notable Rulers
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3457:Neo-Inca State
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3202:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3135:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2676:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2203:
2186:Izquierdo Peña
2182:
2161:
2140:
2119:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2063:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2034:Duquesne, 1795
2027:
2018:
2009:
1993:
1984:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1522:quihicha hisca
1519:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1182:
1179:
1144:Bogotá savanna
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
983:
982:
977:
972:
962:
957:
951:
950:
943:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
881:
880:
879:Non-alphabetic
876:
870:
869:
868:
865:
864:
859:
858:
855:
854:
849:
836:
820:
815:
802:
789:
775:
774:
767:
766:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
703:
702:
698:
691:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
675:
669:
668:
663:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
631:
630:
628:Post-classical
623:
622:
616:
615:
608:
607:
601:
597:
596:
595:
592:
591:
588:
587:
582:
576:
575:
570:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
548:
547:
536:
535:
531:
527:
526:
525:
522:
521:
518:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
470:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
412:
411:
409:Eastern Arabic
406:
404:Western Arabic
400:
394:
393:
392:
387:
381:
380:
379:
376:
375:
369:
368:
356:
355:
353:
352:
345:
338:
330:
327:
326:
325:
324:
323:
322:
315:
308:
296:
295:
294:
289:
284:
279:
269:
267:Herrera Period
264:
256:
255:
245:
244:
243:
242:
237:
232:
224:
223:
219:
218:
217:
216:
211:
203:
202:
194:
193:
192:
191:
186:
185:
184:
179:
177:Bogotá savanna
169:
161:
160:
154:
153:
152:
151:
146:
141:
136:
135:
134:
129:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
51:
50:
44:
43:
41:Muisca culture
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5491:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5439:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5397:Museo del Oro
5395:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5260:De Piedrahita
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5170:Acosta Samper
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5143:
5139:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5057:Luis Lanchero
5055:
5053:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4949:Conquistadors
4946:
4942:
4938:
4933:
4929:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4771:Saguamanchica
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4737:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4718:Tundama
4715:
4711:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4629:
4625:
4618:
4614:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4466:Hunzahúa Well
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4342:
4338:
4318:
4313:
4312:Cabildo Mayor
4310:
4306:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4252:El Infiernito
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4232:
4230:
4225:
4223:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4162:Lake Humboldt
4159:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4151:<10,000 BP
4147:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4089:Eastern Hills
4087:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4043:Juan Amarillo
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4015:
4011:
4004:
4000:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3833:Mummification
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3761:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3724:
3723:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3643:
3634:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3574:Hernán Cortés
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2622:South America
2619:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2444:Weeden Island
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:Poverty Point
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:Mississippian
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2311:North America
2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2281:Paleo-Indians
2279:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2078:(in Spanish).
2077:
2073:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1988:
1981:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1954:
1953:Maya numerals
1951:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1914:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:guêhubchìhicâ
1840:
1838:
1837:gue-ubchihica
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:qhicħâ shûʒhâ
1570:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1557:qhicħâ qhûpqâ
1555:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:qhicħâ hɣcſcâ
1525:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:qhicħâ mhuɣcâ
1510:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:quihicha mica
1490:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:quihicha bosa
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:pre-Columbian
1199:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1175:Liborio Zerda
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1152:confederation
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
965:Alphasyllabic
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
949:
946:
945:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
878:
877:
873:
867:
866:
853:
850:
847:
840:
837:
834:
833:
824:
821:
819:
816:
813:
806:
803:
800:
793:
790:
787:
780:
777:
776:
773:
770:
769:
764:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
700:
699:
695:
688:
687:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
666:
665:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
629:
626:
625:
621:
618:
617:
614:
611:
610:
606:
603:
602:
598:Other systems
594:
593:
586:
583:
581:
580:Counting rods
578:
577:
573:
572:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
546:
543:
542:
541:
538:
537:
533:
532:
524:
523:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
472:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
397:
391:
390:
384:
378:
377:
374:
371:
370:
366:
362:
361:
351:
346:
344:
339:
337:
332:
331:
329:
328:
320:
316:
313:
309:
306:
302:
301:
300:
297:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
258:
257:
254:
250:
247:
246:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
226:
225:
221:
220:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
205:
204:
201:
200:
196:
195:
190:
187:
183:
182:Eastern Hills
180:
178:
175:
174:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
163:
162:
159:
156:
155:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
54:
53:
52:
49:
46:
45:
42:
39:
38:
34:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
5330:
5320:
5310:
5304:Publications
5051:Lázaro Fonte
4795:
4751:
4741:
4713:
4684:
4675:Aquiminzaque
4643:
4633:
4556:
4429:Sacred sites
4364:Chiminigagua
4316:
4305:~1450 - 1540
4304:
4292:
4288:Early Muisca
4281:800 BC - 800
4280:
4265:
4250:
4246:Lake Herrera
4199:
4150:
4127:Tenza Valley
4122:Ocetá Páramo
4099:Suárez River
4028:Bogotá River
3944:
3852:
3803:Architecture
3713:
3646:
3496:Moctezuma II
3453:Inca history
3378:Andean Music
3322:Architecture
3317:Architecture
3312:Architecture
3307:Architecture
3303:Architecture
3297:Gender Roles
3111:
3042:Tenochtitlan
2965:Timoto–Cuica
2960:Tierradentro
2745:Casma–Sechin
2477:Chalcatzingo
2220:, retrieved
2218:(in Spanish)
2211:
2189:
2176:, retrieved
2171:
2166:
2155:, retrieved
2150:
2145:
2134:, retrieved
2127:
2106:, retrieved
2097:
2086:Bibliography
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2012:
1987:
1976:(in Spanish)
1901:
1896:
1886:
1881:
1871:
1866:
1856:
1851:
1841:
1836:
1826:
1821:
1811:
1806:
1796:
1791:
1781:
1776:
1766:
1761:
1751:
1746:
1736:
1731:
1721:
1716:
1706:
1701:
1691:
1686:
1676:
1671:
1661:
1656:
1646:
1641:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1611:
1601:
1596:
1586:
1582:quihicha aca
1581:
1571:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1541:
1536:
1526:
1521:
1511:
1506:
1496:
1491:
1482:qhicħâ boʒha
1481:
1476:
1466:
1462:quihicha ata
1461:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1427:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1374:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1321:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1287:
1256:
1248:Von Humboldt
1239:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1156:
1139:
1138:("one") and
1135:
1129:
1115:, which was
1108:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1064:
1063:
831:
792:Signed-digit
667:Contemporary
644:
534:Contemporary
198:
197:
189:Tenza Valley
157:
111:
62:Architecture
47:
5389:Collections
4590:Pacanchique
4580:Goranchacha
4451:Moon Temple
4414:Chibafruime
3930:Muisca raft
3798:Agriculture
3559:Túpac Amaru
3543:Manco Cápac
3492:Moctezuma I
3403:Agriculture
3398:Agriculture
3393:Agriculture
3384:Agriculture
3327:Road System
3216:Mathematics
3081:Muysc Cubun
2935:San Agustín
2885:Monte Verde
2562:Teotihuacan
2454:Mesoamerica
2349:Coles Creek
2334:Anishinaabe
2291:Archaeology
2043:Zerda, 1883
1702:gue-muyhica
1537:quihicha ta
1497:qhicħâ mica
1163:Pedro Simón
1111:. In their
1101:gue-muyhica
1075:before the
970:Akṣarapallī
940:Tally marks
839:Non-integer
127:Collections
57:Agriculture
5453:Categories
5322:El Carnero
5290:Uricoechea
5265:De Quesada
5045:Juan Tafur
4822:Neighbours
4781:Tisquesusa
4766:Meicuchuca
4446:Sun Temple
4419:Guahaioque
4404:Nencatacoa
4394:Chibchacum
4293:800 - 1200
4266:>800 BC
4185:Tequendama
4146:Prehistory
4076:Suba Hills
3843:Muysccubun
3530:Tisquesusa
3504:Cuauhtémoc
3500:Cuitláhuac
2830:Lauricocha
2800:Gran Chaco
2790:Cupisnique
2775:Chinchorro
2750:Chachapoya
2740:Caral–Supe
2582:Tlaxcaltec
2572:Teuchitlán
2487:Chupícuaro
2414:Plum Bayou
2409:Plaquemine
2379:Marksville
2344:Chichimeca
2222:2016-07-08
2178:2016-07-08
2157:2016-07-08
2136:2016-07-08
2108:2016-07-08
1959:References
1937:Muysccubun
1932:Muisca art
1587:qhicħâ aca
1467:qhicħâ ata
1452:hubchìhicâ
1443:hubchibica
1198:Muysccubun
1007:Glagolitic
980:Kaṭapayādi
948:Alphabetic
852:Asymmetric
694:radix/base
635:Cistercian
620:Babylonian
567:Vietnamese
422:Devanagari
262:Prehistory
5275:Schrimpff
5245:Langebaek
5240:Izquierdo
5185:Broadbent
5175:De Aguado
4776:Nemequene
4740:Southern
4632:Northern
4595:Thomagata
4585:Idacansás
4558:El Dorado
4542:Mythology
4496:Guatavita
4399:Cuchavira
4241:Aguazuque
4018:Altiplano
3970:Zipaquirá
3848:Mythology
3813:Astronomy
3551:Atahualpa
3547:Pachacuti
3522:Nemequene
3388:Chinampas
3210:Astronomy
3199:Astronomy
3179:Mythology
3174:Mythology
3169:Mythology
3164:Mythology
3160:Mythology
2990:Wankarani
2980:Tuncahuán
2870:Marajoara
2825:Las Vegas
2711:Atacameño
2607:Xochipala
2547:Purépecha
2507:Epi-Olmec
2497:Cuicuilco
2439:Troyville
2429:St. Johns
2212:El Dorado
2199:0812.0574
1752:guêhɣcſcâ
1747:gue-hisca
1707:guêmhuɣcâ
1542:qhicħâ ta
1447:ubchihica
1230:gue-hisca
1117:lunisolar
1085:vigesimal
975:Āryabhaṭa
920:Kharosthi
812:factorial
779:Bijective
680:(Iñupiaq)
510:Sundanese
505:Mongolian
452:Malayalam
214:Zipaquirá
172:Altiplano
158:Geography
107:Mythology
72:Astronomy
5464:Numerals
5438:Category
5235:Humboldt
5205:Duquesne
5157:Scholars
4800:Turmequé
4742:caciques
4704:Sugamuxi
4699:Nompanim
4660:Hunzahúa
4634:caciques
4317:>2002
4262:Ceramic
4082:Wetlands
4063:Tunjuelo
3985:Sesquilé
3952:Zoratama
3925:Emeralds
3898:Specific
3870:Toponyms
3858:Religion
3853:Numerals
3818:Calendar
3647:See also
3565:Conquest
3538:Zoratama
3205:Calendar
3194:Calendar
3189:Calendar
3185:Calendar
3154:Religion
3149:Religion
3138:Religion
3127:Religion
3123:Religion
3112:Numerals
3106:Numerals
3067:Language
3047:Multiple
2985:Valdivia
2970:Tiwanaku
2930:Saladoid
2925:Quimbaya
2815:Kuhikugu
2795:Diaguita
2785:Chorrera
2602:Veraguas
2597:Veracruz
2577:Tlatilco
2389:Mogollon
2296:Cultures
2274:Americas
2227:Archived
2123:Humboldt
2113:Archived
2093:Duquesne
1910:See also
1672:gue-mica
1647:guêboʒha
1642:gue-bosa
1394:cuhupqua
1271:Humboldt
1262:Numbers
1226:gue-bosa
1187:quihicha
1181:Numerals
1161:(1619),
1113:calendar
1097:calendar
1073:Americas
1002:Georgian
992:Cyrillic
960:Armenian
915:Etruscan
910:Egyptian
818:Negative
678:Kaktovik
673:Cherokee
650:Pentadic
574:Historic
557:Japanese
490:Javanese
480:Balinese
467:Dzongkha
432:Gurmukhi
427:Gujarati
365:a series
363:Part of
253:timeline
132:Scholars
122:Research
117:Religion
112:Numerals
92:Language
77:Calendar
33:a series
31:Part of
5332:Epítome
5312:Elegías
5250:De Lugo
5200:Correal
4910:Yarigui
4882:Guayupe
4872:Achagua
4844:Sutagao
4796:cacique
4726:Tundama
4714:cacique
4501:Iguaque
4484:Fúquene
4476:Natural
4409:Chaquén
4389:Huitaca
4384:Bochica
4356:Deities
4276:Herrera
4235:Sáchica
4228:Nemocón
4221:Galindo
4168:El Abra
4137:History
4053:Teusacá
3975:Nemocón
3875:Warfare
3864:Society
3828:Economy
3823:Cuisine
3791:General
3534:Tundama
3463:Peoples
3448:History
3443:History
3438:History
3434:History
3428:Cuisine
3423:Cuisine
3418:Cuisine
3413:Cuisine
3409:Cuisine
3267:Warfare
3262:Warfare
3257:Warfare
3253:Warfare
3247:Society
3242:Economy
3231:Society
3226:Society
3222:Society
3092:Writing
3086:Quechua
3071:Nahuatl
3038:Capital
2975:Toyopán
2955:Tairona
2865:Mapuche
2780:Chiripa
2755:Chancay
2726:Cañaris
2701:Amotape
2696:El Abra
2612:Zapotec
2592:Totonac
2567:Tepanec
2552:Quelepa
2522:Mezcala
2512:Huastec
2482:Cholula
2472:Capacha
2467:Acolhua
2424:Sinagua
2399:Patayan
2369:Hohokam
2359:Fremont
1978:1619 -
1677:guêmica
1341:muyhica
1279:, 1619
1277:De Lugo
1273:, 1878
1267:Number
1121:deities
1089:Chibcha
905:Chuvash
823:Complex
613:Ancient
605:History
552:Hokkien
540:Chinese
485:Burmese
475:Tibetan
462:Kannada
442:Sinhala
417:Bengali
305:Gonzalo
292:Tundama
249:History
209:Nemocón
144:Warfare
97:Mummies
87:Economy
82:Cuisine
5459:Muisca
5336:(1889)
5326:(1638)
5316:(1589)
5285:Triana
5255:Ocampo
5230:Hammen
5220:Gamboa
5215:Friede
5210:Freyle
5180:Arango
5165:Acosta
4900:Panche
4786:Sagipa
4758:Bacatá
4691:Suamox
4665:Michuá
4522:Ubaque
4511:Suesca
4506:Siecha
4490:Guasca
4369:Bachué
4215:Checua
4195:Lithic
4173:Tibitó
4048:Soacha
3915:Chicha
3781:Topics
3768:Muisca
3477:Muisca
3472:Mayans
3467:Aztecs
3101:Script
3096:Script
3056:Bacatá
3027:Muisca
2910:Pucará
2905:Piaroa
2900:Paiján
2895:Omagua
2850:Lupaca
2845:Lokono
2810:Kalina
2805:Huetar
2765:Chavín
2760:Chango
2735:Nariño
2731:Capulí
2721:Calima
2716:Aymara
2706:Arawak
2587:Toltec
2537:Olmecs
2532:Nicoya
2527:Mixtec
2502:Diquis
2404:Picosa
2394:Oshara
2364:Glades
2354:Dorset
1792:gue-ta
1602:guêata
1418:shûʒhâ
1413:suhuza
1409:shuzha
1399:qhûpqâ
1390:qhupqa
1365:hɣcſcâ
1356:hicsca
1346:mhuɣcâ
1337:mhuyca
1244:Acosta
1191:qhicha
1069:Muisca
1017:Hebrew
987:Coptic
900:Brahmi
885:Aegean
842:
826:
808:
795:
782:
645:Muisca
585:Tangut
562:Korean
545:Suzhou
457:Telugu
319:Others
312:Hernán
287:Suamox
277:Bacatá
240:Panche
48:Topics
5354:ICANH
5295:Zerda
5280:Simón
5225:Groot
5195:Celis
4998:Minor
4957:Major
4877:Tegua
4854:Lache
4849:Guane
4686:iraca
4651:Hunza
4645:zaque
4550:Myths
4438:Built
4179:Sueva
4058:Torca
4038:Fucha
3980:Tausa
3946:Tunjo
3935:Ruana
3880:Women
3838:Music
3482:Incas
3373:Music
3368:Music
3363:Music
3359:Music
3292:Women
3287:Women
3282:Women
3278:Women
3236:Trade
3117:Quipu
3061:Cusco
3052:Hunza
3017:Aztec
2950:Taíno
2945:Sican
2940:Shuar
2890:Nazca
2880:Mollo
2875:Moche
2855:Luzia
2770:Chimú
2542:Pipil
2517:Izapa
2492:Coclé
2434:Thule
2324:Adena
2216:(PDF)
2207:Zerda
2194:arXiv
2170:[
2149:[
2102:(PDF)
2072:"taa"
1942:Quipu
1797:guêta
1597:gueta
1360:hisca
1312:boʒha
1303:bozha
1252:Zerda
1210:gueta
1132:toads
1125:toads
1093:gueta
1081:Mayas
1012:Greek
997:Geʽez
955:Abjad
935:Roman
895:Aztec
890:Attic
805:Mixed
763:table
655:Quipu
640:Mayan
495:Khmer
447:Tamil
282:Hunza
230:Guane
149:Women
139:Sites
102:Music
5379:UPTC
4905:Muzo
4839:U'wa
4753:zipa
4516:Tota
4374:Chía
4033:Frío
3940:Tejo
3920:Duit
3272:Army
3054:and
3032:Inca
3022:Maya
3000:Zenú
2995:Wari
2840:Lima
1893:399
1878:365
1863:300
1848:250
1833:200
1818:199
1803:150
1788:120
1773:110
1758:101
1743:100
1327:mica
1322:mica
1307:bosa
1250:and
1169:and
660:Rumi
515:Thai
437:Odia
251:and
235:Muzo
4798:of
4756:of
4716:of
4689:of
4648:of
4379:Sué
3808:Art
3353:Art
3348:Art
3343:Art
3338:Art
3334:Art
1728:99
1713:90
1698:80
1683:70
1668:60
1653:50
1638:40
1623:30
1608:21
1593:20
1578:19
1563:18
1548:17
1533:16
1518:15
1503:14
1488:13
1473:12
1458:11
1439:10
1433:aca
1428:aca
1380:taa
1375:taa
1293:ata
1288:ata
1214:gue
1189:or
1140:aca
1136:ata
692:By
500:Lao
67:Art
5455::
3591:)
2074:.
1996:^
1966:^
1445:/
1424:9
1411:/
1405:8
1392:/
1386:7
1371:6
1358:/
1352:5
1339:/
1333:4
1318:3
1305:/
1299:2
1284:1
1246:,
1177:.
1154:.
1134:;
1127:.
1091::
757:60
752:20
747:16
742:12
737:10
367:on
35:on
4319:)
4315:(
4307:)
4303:(
4295:)
4291:(
4283:)
4279:(
4268:)
4264:(
4202:)
4198:(
4153:)
4149:(
3759:e
3752:t
3745:v
3635:)
3631:(
3624:)
3620:(
3618:)
3614:(
3612:)
3608:(
3601:)
3597:(
3587:(
3576:)
3572:(
3329:)
3325:(
3238:)
3234:(
3212:)
3208:(
3201:)
3197:(
3145:)
3141:(
3134:)
3130:(
3108:)
3104:(
2733:/
2259:e
2252:t
2245:v
2196::
2129:1
1053:e
1046:t
1039:v
848:)
846:φ
844:(
835:)
832:i
830:2
828:(
814:)
810:(
801:)
797:(
788:)
786:1
784:(
765:)
761:(
732:8
727:6
722:5
717:4
712:3
707:2
349:e
342:t
335:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
