599:
507:
315:
298:
2536:
2488:
2478:
29:
540:
3555:
1373:
5518:
330:
Muscovado is made from the juice of sugar cane that is evaporated until crystallisation occurs. The viscous suspension of crystals and mother liquor (molasses) is called massecuite. In the 19th century several techniques were used for sugar production. Muscovado is today produced by three main
461:, and elsewhere had experienced a long period of decline when large mills took over sugar production from small farmers with small mills. In recent years an increased consumer interest in healthy and organic foods has revived interest in muscovado, creating a new market for small mills.
55:
or a centrifuged, partially refined sugar according to the process used by the manufacturer. Muscovado contains higher levels of various minerals than processed white sugar, and is considered by some to be healthier. Its main uses are in food and
528:
Muscovado is used as an ingredient in food and confectionery, and as a sweetener in hot beverages. It is very dark brown and is slightly coarser and stickier than most brown sugars. Muscovado takes its flavor and color from its source,
267:, raw sugars that had been refined enough to lose most of their molasses content were labeled as raw sugar and deemed higher quality, while poor quality sugars with a high molasses content were referred to as muscovado, though the term
408:. These producers use traditional chemical-free organic manual shearing methods, each operating between 100 and 120 days per year, with a typical capacity of between 200 and 350 tons of sugarcane per day. The largest producing
262:
Raw sugar was brought to port in a variety of purities that could be sold either as raw sugar directly to market for producing alcohol, or as muscovado exported to sugar refineries in Europe and the
Americas. In 19th-century
469:
When produced under regulated conditions muscovado is nutritionally richer than sugars, and retains more of the natural minerals in sugar cane juice, as shown in the following nutritional analysis (per 100g):
350:
method invented in late 18th to early 19th century, in which massecuite is crystallised using a centrifuge to separate a crystal-rich mush that is drained of its molasses in a vessel under gravity.
761:
Souvenir, Silver
Jubilee Celebrations and 22nd Annual Convention, Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers, 29-31 Oct. 1985 Held at Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, pp.116
1205:
807:
446:, muscovado may be generated by any of the three methods. In the past, muscovado was one of the islands’ prominent export commodities, especially from the
255:
to supply enslaved laborers to cash crop plantations (including those producing sugar). Sugarcane was typically refined into raw sugar or distilled into
160:
at around 1000 BCE. However, the exact date of the first cane sugar production is unclear. The earliest evidence of sugar production comes from ancient
1229:
2502:
719:
5552:
2524:
2229:
1012:
2152:
2603:
373:
Total global production is 10 million to 11 million tons annually by 20 nations. The largest producer is India (58%), followed by
2099:
1356:
1337:
405:
665:
1049:
409:
208:
2052:
536:
Muscovado sugar can be substituted for brown sugar in most recipes by slightly reducing the liquid content of the recipe.
2124:
343:
it by stirring with a large spatula (typically used in India) or by pressing it with the feet (typically used in Africa).
118:. This has led to manufacturers calling various sugar products "muscovado", and has led to confusion between muscovado,
2047:
1322:
980:
965:
2338:
2067:
2020:
924:
796:
916:
Science and
Civilisation in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 3, Agro-Industries and Forestry
2517:
2082:
1289:
1415:
114:
2532:
774:
4292:
1994:
1174:
670:
619:
A significant proportion of India's production of
Khandsari (muscovado) is used for the illicit production of
1898:
1254:
695:
1928:
2910:
4371:
2702:
2510:
2162:
2077:
2062:
557:
in India in making sweets has been traced to at least 500 BC, when both raw and refined sugar were used.
212:
439:, muscovado is produced by centrifuging massecuite, from which the molasses is left to drain naturally.
2224:
2204:
2184:
1790:
1377:
1352:
1269:
999:
288:
52:
4734:
4337:
3462:
2548:
2491:
861:
2566:
827:
Dhawan, B. D. (April 15, 1967). "The
Traditional versus the Modern: Case of Indian Sugar Industry".
775:
Jaggery
Nutritional Value, Nutrition Facts & Analysis, Ayur Times, Dr. Jagdev Singh, 27 Nov 2014
5537:
3756:
2727:
2104:
2072:
1650:
1017:
252:
5573:
4709:
3915:
3467:
3190:
3072:
2385:
2199:
2057:
1913:
1655:
1353:"Policy Brief – Technological and Policy Options for Modernization of Jaggery Industry in India"
866:
157:
1141:
3505:
3145:
2459:
2239:
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4498:
3905:
2576:
2571:
1022:
5532:
5128:
4961:
3776:
3731:
3688:
3265:
2249:
2189:
1695:
1274:
874:
797:"The Gur and Khaandsri Industry & its practical impact on Indian Sugar Consumption level"
365:, in which it is set into moulds directly (without shearing, centrifuging, or spray drying).
4139:
914:
506:
5173:
5048:
1750:
1665:
1553:
568:
unrefined sugar is India's traditional sweetener, commonly used in traditional recipes for
514:
404:(muscovado) is produced by 150 small to medium scale private manufacturers overseen by the
248:
236:
219:
were established in numerous places colonized by
European nations, such as islands in the
8:
5547:
5243:
4749:
4528:
4275:
4270:
4184:
3771:
3761:
3736:
3721:
3220:
2645:
2157:
2042:
1999:
1408:
724:
153:
106:
There is no legal definition of muscovado, and no international standards for it such as
77:
3130:
5281:
5178:
4322:
3900:
3741:
3586:
3472:
3415:
3400:
3310:
3275:
2717:
2417:
2244:
2134:
1800:
1038:
888:
836:
598:
533:. It offers good resistance to high temperatures and has a reasonably long shelf life.
340:
321:
200:. By the 10th century, sources state that every village in Mesopotamia grew sugarcane.
108:
4583:
4578:
3135:
5578:
5363:
5318:
5286:
4862:
4280:
4035:
3985:
3895:
3791:
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3751:
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3255:
3212:
3170:
2987:
2982:
2839:
2834:
2650:
2348:
2214:
2129:
1603:
1318:
1248:
1045:
976:
961:
920:
855:
632:
607:
177:
51:
content and flavour, and dark brown in colour. It is technically considered either a
4739:
4558:
4174:
3062:
3027:
2817:
1389:
Video: Gur (Jaggary) and Khand (Muscovado) making in India using traditional method.
5353:
5228:
5018:
4935:
4265:
4252:
3990:
3806:
3801:
3781:
3530:
3510:
3430:
3425:
3230:
3225:
3120:
2997:
2972:
2866:
2827:
2556:
2540:
2412:
2254:
2176:
1810:
1608:
204:
139:
135:
4075:
3022:
5368:
5323:
5276:
5001:
4996:
4744:
4297:
3890:
3880:
3796:
3746:
3716:
3708:
3636:
3579:
3452:
3440:
3435:
3420:
3405:
3375:
3330:
3057:
2915:
2856:
2712:
2395:
2317:
2025:
2004:
1918:
760:
746:
530:
451:
5168:
5336:
5291:
5093:
5013:
5006:
4940:
4930:
4884:
4754:
4636:
4631:
4543:
4463:
4458:
4307:
4302:
4237:
4204:
4189:
4020:
4010:
3885:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3811:
3671:
3651:
3596:
3445:
3410:
3235:
3037:
2762:
2675:
2665:
2655:
2481:
2405:
2400:
2358:
2322:
2117:
2092:
1984:
1974:
1942:
1805:
1775:
1593:
1507:
1448:
1434:
1401:
425:
173:
88:
5248:
4981:
4446:
1710:
1388:
1383:
64:
and other forms of alcohol. The largest producer and consumer of muscovado is
5567:
5341:
5331:
5263:
5223:
5193:
5083:
4764:
4681:
4523:
4513:
4431:
4107:
4070:
3963:
3910:
3875:
3870:
3693:
3646:
3626:
3457:
3165:
2898:
2861:
2640:
2593:
2448:
2112:
1962:
1908:
1755:
1640:
1618:
1613:
1543:
1338:"Jaggery – A Traditional Indian Sweetener", P. V. K. Rao, M. Das S. K. Das,
232:
228:
181:
57:
40:
4065:
5271:
5163:
5138:
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4857:
4832:
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4653:
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4347:
4312:
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4149:
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4112:
4092:
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3840:
3832:
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3515:
3347:
3290:
2992:
2930:
2849:
2812:
2660:
2588:
2307:
2295:
2219:
2194:
2087:
2035:
1893:
1830:
1825:
1645:
1623:
1475:
1192:
Commodities and
Colonialism: The Story of Big Sugar in Indonesia, 1880–1942
429:
354:
244:
220:
193:
4478:
4025:
1393:
32:
Brown sugar types: muscovado (top), dark brown (left), light brown (right)
5522:
5423:
5413:
5258:
5233:
5218:
5203:
5153:
5108:
5103:
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4869:
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4847:
4822:
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4671:
4563:
4508:
4503:
4419:
4317:
4102:
4087:
3666:
3661:
3621:
3540:
3488:
3280:
3270:
3140:
3092:
3007:
2935:
2844:
2732:
2635:
2598:
2535:
2453:
2373:
2363:
2280:
2270:
2209:
2030:
1967:
1872:
1857:
1820:
1760:
1740:
1726:
1700:
1675:
1628:
1598:
1558:
1538:
1533:
1502:
650:
569:
543:
443:
413:
336:
224:
185:
145:
119:
20:
5053:
4164:
3352:
1065:
913:
Daniels, Christian; Menzies, Nicholas K. (1996). Needham, Joseph (ed.).
5438:
5346:
5253:
5133:
4971:
4922:
4874:
4591:
4483:
4426:
4414:
4404:
4384:
4209:
4169:
4082:
3950:
3683:
3495:
3357:
3052:
3032:
2962:
2692:
2687:
2368:
2353:
2290:
1979:
1845:
1840:
1690:
1635:
1568:
1563:
1548:
1523:
1297:
840:
660:
510:
390:
347:
314:
297:
216:
28:
4000:
1923:
5448:
5380:
5375:
5358:
5238:
5098:
5033:
4907:
4790:
4719:
4691:
4621:
4616:
4409:
4389:
4352:
4342:
4332:
4247:
4214:
4050:
4030:
3968:
3676:
3656:
3285:
3205:
3200:
3160:
3155:
3115:
3082:
3047:
2977:
2952:
2873:
2787:
2782:
2747:
2722:
2707:
2427:
2422:
2312:
2300:
2275:
2234:
1862:
1785:
1732:
1670:
1528:
1495:
1458:
620:
603:
436:
421:
197:
149:
806:. New Delhi: World Association of Cane and Beet Growers Conference.
539:
5498:
5468:
5463:
5408:
5403:
5198:
5183:
5148:
5143:
5078:
5038:
4917:
4842:
4812:
4785:
4759:
4724:
4714:
4548:
4518:
4436:
4327:
4287:
4199:
4159:
4134:
3995:
3973:
3922:
3845:
3569:
3520:
3500:
3395:
3295:
3125:
2967:
2947:
2942:
2925:
2903:
2883:
2878:
2797:
2772:
2742:
2697:
2625:
2620:
2583:
2561:
2285:
1867:
1745:
1685:
1453:
458:
382:
374:
304:
161:
48:
4055:
3554:
1087:
Culinary
Chemistry Exhibiting the Scientific Principles of Cookery
699:
5542:
5478:
5453:
5213:
5188:
5118:
5088:
5073:
4991:
4986:
4912:
4837:
4807:
4797:
4775:
4626:
4538:
4533:
4488:
4394:
4154:
4144:
4097:
4015:
3978:
3945:
3818:
3601:
3591:
3574:
3380:
3325:
3315:
3067:
2893:
2822:
2802:
2792:
2737:
2670:
2610:
2432:
2343:
1989:
1957:
1888:
1815:
1765:
1705:
1680:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1463:
655:
635:
to aid blood purification, digestion, bone health and the lungs.
561:
518:
378:
362:
240:
123:
5488:
3342:
584:(Indian rice pudding), gur or khandr chawal (sweetened rice) or
5458:
5433:
5023:
4976:
4686:
4676:
4648:
4493:
4453:
4399:
4257:
4232:
4194:
4179:
4045:
4040:
4005:
3850:
3828:
3611:
3483:
3478:
3385:
3337:
3320:
3300:
3195:
3180:
3110:
3087:
3077:
3017:
3012:
2957:
2920:
2888:
2807:
2767:
2615:
2390:
2378:
1850:
1795:
1468:
1372:
592:
447:
386:
264:
1124:
Martineau, G. (1918), "Sugar from several points of view", in
339:(granulate) massecuite by cooling it in pans and continuously
5493:
5483:
5473:
5443:
5428:
5398:
5123:
5058:
5043:
5028:
4947:
4889:
4473:
4379:
4357:
4117:
4060:
3698:
3606:
3390:
3305:
3185:
3150:
3042:
3002:
2757:
2752:
2682:
2630:
1835:
1770:
1660:
1585:
1424:
645:
585:
581:
417:
394:
189:
76:
The
English name "muscovado" is derived from a corruption of
65:
44:
5517:
144:
The earliest known production of crystalline sugar began in
5418:
5208:
4553:
3641:
3175:
2777:
577:
573:
259:
on colonial plantations or sent elsewhere to be processed.
169:
165:
215:, also led to a rapid increase in sugar production. Sugar
1903:
256:
235:. Labor for these plantations were typically provided by
61:
580:, traditional Indian sweets that require sugar such as
1384:
Video: Centrifugal method of Khand production in India
1236:. 2008-07-24. Archived from the original on 2008-10-13
946:, W. H. Allen & Co., Vol 6, Part II, pages 29–30;
1206:"Sugar and the Origins of Modern Philippine Society"
1175:"Sugar and the Origins of Modern Philippine Society"
853:
1359:, L. S. Gangwar, S. Solomon & S. I. Anwar, p .2
1126:
The Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science
1037:
996:Agricultural innovation in the early Islamic world
906:
854:
1186:
1184:
1118:
720:"The sweetest flames: Brown sugar from Mauritius"
5565:
1230:"Muscovado Sugar : A New Sunshine Industry"
919:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 177–185.
457:The production of muscovado in the Philippines,
81:
4223:
1113:The History of Sugar and Sugar Producing Plants
748:Education World: The Human Development Magazine
1181:
1136:
1134:
912:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
454:, from the 19th century until the late 1970s.
2518:
1409:
631:Khandsari (muscovado) is used in traditional
361:Massecuite is also used in the production of
5553:List of restaurant chains in the Philippines
1081:
1079:
713:
711:
709:
2230:Slavery in the British and French Caribbean
1423:
1342:, 2004, vol. 2007 6(1), January 2007, p. 95
1131:
1044:. London and New York: Duckworth Overlook.
779:
606:, Uttarakhand. Khandsari is used in Indian
2525:
2511:
1416:
1402:
1333:
1331:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1164:
968:, page 7 (Chapter 1, by Thomas D. Luckey);
168:texts. Around the 8th century, Muslim and
1309:
1307:
1076:
822:
820:
770:
768:
706:
501:
794:
597:
538:
505:
27:
1357:Indian Council of Agricultural Research
1346:
1340:Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge
1328:
1282:
1161:
406:Khadi and Village Industries Commission
5566:
1304:
1035:
988:
826:
817:
765:
754:
740:
717:
666:Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research
4710:Avocado and milk in ice/Abukado lamaw
2506:
1397:
1315:Sweet Invention: A History of Dessert
1197:
690:
688:
686:
279:
209:European colonization of the Americas
875:participating institution membership
626:
320:Pouring molasses for granulation by
271:was sometimes used interchangeably.
1270:"Refined sugar vs. unrefined sugar"
1267:
750:. 2004. Volume 6, Issues 7-12, p.78
591:Muscovado is often used to sweeten
368:
335:The manual production method is to
13:
1203:
813:from the original on 20 June 2015.
683:
353:Modern industrial methods using a
14:
5590:
2651:Chicken galantina/Relyenong manok
2339:Australian Aboriginal sweet foods
1435:List of sugars and sugar products
1365:
572:(spiced Indian tea), eating with
91:names for this type of sugar are
5516:
3553:
2534:
2487:
2486:
2477:
2476:
1371:
1100:The Magazine of Domestic Economy
795:Bhardwaj, Amit (25 March 2013).
718:Prince, Rose (9 November 2011).
546:, an Indian sweet prepared with
313:
303:Boiling sugarcane juice to make
296:
289:non-centrifugal sugar production
4972:Agre dulce/sweet and sour sauce
1261:
1222:
1105:
1092:
1058:
1029:
1005:
973:Encyclopedia of Kitchen History
951:The Anglo-American Encyclopedia
933:
623:, a distilled alcoholic drink.
115:Protected Designation of Origin
2656:Chicken pastel/Pastel de pollo
1268:Zhu, Agnes (24 October 2014).
958:CRC Handbook of Food Additives
944:The Economic Products of India
881:
847:
804:Indian Sugar Mills Association
671:Indian Sugar Mills Association
474:Total mineral salts 740mg max.
172:traders introduced sugar from
71:
1:
971:Mary Ellen Snodgrass (2004),
829:Economic and Political Weekly
677:
274:
16:Type of unrefined brown sugar
5459:Laksoy/Dalisay de nipa/Barik
4175:Señorita bread/Spanish bread
1040:Sugar: A Bittersweet History
960:, Second Edition, Volume 1,
464:
247:, which saw the rise of the
148:, after the introduction of
7:
1085:Accum, Fredrick Christian,
1036:Abbott, Elizabeth (2009) .
638:
245:kidnapped Pacific Islanders
60:, and the manufacturing of
10:
5595:
2225:Reciprocity Treaty of 1875
2205:Demerara rebellion of 1823
2185:1811 German Coast uprising
1791:Non-centrifugal cane sugar
1000:Cambridge University Press
983:, Routledge, pages 145–146
614:
176:to the other parts of the
133:
129:
53:non-centrifugal cane sugar
18:
5511:
5389:
5309:
5302:
5139:Liver spread/Lechon sauce
4960:
4898:
4773:
4700:
4662:
4607:
4370:
4130:Pan de siosa/Pan de leche
3936:
3827:
3707:
3562:
3551:
3463:Kadyos, baboy, kag langka
3366:
3246:
3101:
2547:
2472:
2441:
2331:
2263:
2175:
2145:
2013:
1950:
1941:
1881:
1719:
1584:
1577:
1516:
1441:
1432:
1253:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1234:Agriculture Business Week
1190:Roger Knight, G. (2013),
1066:"Slavery in Rhode Island"
862:Oxford English Dictionary
602:An ayurvedic pharmacy in
477:Phosphorus (P) 3.9mg max.
253:Indian Ocean slave trades
5538:Filipino Chinese cuisine
5464:Lambanog/Dalisay de coco
4271:de patatas/Egg cracklets
2768:Inihaw/Filipino barbecue
1651:High-fructose corn syrup
1317:, Chicago Review Press,
1018:National Maritime Museum
956:Thomas E. Furia (1973),
486:Potassium (K) 100mg max.
483:Magnesium (Mg) 23mg max.
19:Not to be confused with
4609:Candies and confections
4358:UrarĂł/Arrowroot cookies
3468:Kadyos, manok, kag ubad
2594:Bicol express/Sinilihan
2200:Colonial molasses trade
1656:High-maltose corn syrup
1089:(1821), London, p. 289.
867:Oxford University Press
496:
158:Maritime Southeast Asia
87:(unrefined sugar). The
39:is a type of partially
4677:Kabkab/Cassava cracker
3506:Sinabawang corned beef
3376:Batchoy Tagalog/Batsoy
3146:Crispy tadyang ng baka
2688:Dinakdakan/Warek-Warek
2460:Pure, White and Deadly
2240:Sugar Duties Acts 1846
2146:By region (historical)
611:
576:by mixing with melted
550:
525:
502:Food and confectionery
480:Calcium (Ca) 85mg max.
82:
33:
5533:Philippine condiments
4936:munggo/Lelot balatong
2250:Taiwan Sugar Railways
2190:Amelioration Act 1798
1275:The Daily Californian
953:, Volume 7, page 725;
601:
542:
509:
450:island region in the
31:
1929:Unrefined sweeteners
1751:Crystalline fructose
1666:Inverted sugar syrup
1380:at Wikimedia Commons
1278:. Berkeley, CA, USA.
1070:Slavery in the North
1025:on 25 November 2011.
942:George Watt (1893),
515:Indian filter coffee
489:Iron (Fe) 1.3mg max.
5548:Kapampangan cuisine
5244:Toyo, suka, at sili
4529:Minatamis na saging
2646:Carne norte guisado
2014:By region (current)
1914:Sugar confectionery
1173:Larkin, W. (1993).
865:(Online ed.).
725:The Daily Telegraph
517:are sweetened with
237:indentured servants
99:(sometimes spelled
4692:Pinasugbo/Consilva
4664:Chips and crackers
4140:Pastel de CamiguĂn
4113:Pan de monja/Monáy
3732:Cabanatuan/Batutay
3587:Filipino spaghetti
3570:Balbacua con misua
3475:(Sarciadong manok)
3473:Kinamatisang manok
3311:Morisqueta tostada
3276:Bagoong fried rice
2418:Sweetened beverage
2245:Sugar Intervention
2153:Danish West Indies
2135:U.S. Sugar Program
1894:Cotton candy floss
1801:Plantation Reserve
1696:Steen's cane syrup
1013:"Triangular Trade"
949:J.A. Hill (1902),
835:(15): 723, 725–7.
612:
551:
526:
280:Production methods
109:Codex Alimentarius
34:
5561:
5560:
5507:
5506:
5364:Buko pandan drink
5319:Avocado milkshake
4956:
4955:
4366:
4365:
4253:Camachile cookies
4036:Food for the gods
3986:Brazo de Mercedes
3916:Vegetarian lumpia
3762:Longganisang dugo
3563:Noodles and pasta
3549:
3548:
3261:Arroz a la cubana
3256:Aligue fried rice
3171:Nilasing na hipon
2988:Pininyahang manok
2983:Pininyahang hipon
2728:Ginisang kangkĂłng
2500:
2499:
2349:Blood sugar level
2215:Leith Sugar House
2171:
2170:
2130:Sugar Association
1937:
1936:
1899:Maple sugar foods
1604:Barley malt syrup
1427:as food commodity
1376:Media related to
1290:"Muscovado Sugar"
1177:. pp. 55–58.
1142:"Muscovado Sugar"
1111:Reed, W. (1866),
1102:, Vol. 5, p. 107.
1051:978-0-7156-3878-1
873:(Subscription or
702:on 17 April 2015.
696:"Muscovado Sugar"
633:Ayurveda medicine
627:Ayurveda medicine
608:ayurveda medicine
492:Calories 383 kCal
178:Abbasid Caliphate
5586:
5521:
5520:
5307:
5306:
5229:Taba ng talangka
5214:Sakurab/Sibujing
5154:MinatamĂs na báo
4605:
4604:
4459:Coconut macaroon
4293:Half-moon cookie
4225:Biscuits/cookies
4221:
4220:
3991:Buko pandan cake
3689:Sinigáng sa misô
3557:
3531:Soup Number Five
3511:Sinabawang gulay
3266:Arroz valenciana
3121:Camaron rebosado
3099:
3098:
2998:Piyanggang manok
2973:Pinangat na isda
2867:Lengua Sevillana
2541:Filipino cuisine
2539:
2538:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2504:
2503:
2490:
2489:
2480:
2479:
2413:Sugar substitute
2255:Triangular trade
1948:
1947:
1609:Brown rice syrup
1582:
1581:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1375:
1360:
1350:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1313:Michael Krondl,
1311:
1302:
1301:
1300:on 9 April 2016.
1296:. Archived from
1286:
1280:
1279:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1210:Escholarship.org
1204:Larkin, John A.
1201:
1195:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1146:
1138:
1129:
1122:
1116:
1109:
1103:
1098:Orr, W. (1844),
1096:
1090:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1021:. Archived from
1009:
1003:
994:Watson, Andrew.
992:
986:
937:
931:
930:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
885:
879:
878:
870:
858:
851:
845:
844:
824:
815:
814:
812:
801:
792:
777:
772:
763:
758:
752:
744:
738:
737:
735:
733:
715:
704:
703:
698:. Archived from
692:
369:Producer nations
317:
300:
207:, which saw the
205:early modern era
140:Triangular trade
136:History of sugar
85:
83:açúcar mascavado
5594:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5523:Food portal
5515:
5503:
5385:
5369:Sago at gulaman
5324:Calamansi juice
5298:
4965:and ingredients
4964:
4952:
4894:
4769:
4745:Queso ice cream
4702:Frozen desserts
4696:
4658:
4603:
4579:TurrĂłn de casĂşy
4569:Tocino de cielo
4534:Nilupak/Nilusak
4362:
4219:
3938:
3932:
3823:
3703:
3580:Batchoy Tagalog
3558:
3545:
3453:Ginisang munggo
3362:
3331:Nasing biringyi
3242:
3136:Crispy kangkĂłng
3097:
2916:Nilagang saging
2857:Lengua estofado
2823:Linapay/Tinamuk
2543:
2533:
2531:
2501:
2496:
2468:
2437:
2396:Sugar addiction
2327:
2318:Sugar sculpture
2259:
2167:
2141:
2118:Tate & Lyle
2109:United Kingdom
2026:Bundaberg Sugar
2009:
2005:Sugar marketing
1933:
1919:Sugarcane juice
1877:
1715:
1573:
1512:
1437:
1428:
1422:
1368:
1363:
1351:
1347:
1336:
1329:
1312:
1305:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1266:
1262:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1182:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1077:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1034:
1030:
1011:
1010:
1006:
993:
989:
938:
934:
927:
911:
907:
897:
895:
893:Merriam-Webster
887:
886:
882:
872:
852:
848:
825:
818:
810:
799:
793:
780:
773:
766:
759:
755:
745:
741:
731:
729:
716:
707:
694:
693:
684:
680:
675:
641:
629:
617:
531:sugarcane juice
504:
499:
467:
452:Western Visayas
400:In India, most
371:
346:The industrial
328:
327:
326:
325:
324:
318:
309:
308:
307:
301:
292:
291:
282:
277:
142:
132:
74:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5592:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5574:Types of sugar
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5395:
5393:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5356:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5326:
5321:
5315:
5313:
5304:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5014:Banana ketchup
5011:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4904:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4782:
4780:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4755:Sili ice cream
4752:
4750:Saba con hielo
4747:
4742:
4740:MaĂz con hielo
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4649:Sampalok candy
4646:
4645:
4644:
4637:Peanut Brittle
4634:
4632:Coconut toffee
4629:
4624:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4586:
4584:TurrĂłn de pili
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4544:Pritong saging
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4303:Lengua de gato
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4205:Ube cheesecake
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4011:Crema de Fruta
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3937:Breads, cakes,
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3752:Guagua/Candaba
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3597:Macaroni salad
3594:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3038:Sarsa na uyang
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2899:Menudo/Ginamay
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2813:Laing/Pinangat
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2668:
2666:Coconut burger
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2507:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2484:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2406:Residual sugar
2401:Sugars in wine
2398:
2393:
2388:
2386:Health effects
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2361:
2359:Flavored syrup
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2323:Treacle mining
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2093:Tongaat Hulett
2090:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1985:Sugarcane mill
1982:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1776:Molasses sugar
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:List of syrups
1590:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1508:Reducing sugar
1505:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1449:Monosaccharide
1445:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1367:
1366:External links
1364:
1362:
1361:
1345:
1327:
1323:978-1556529542
1303:
1294:Sugarindia.com
1281:
1260:
1221:
1196:
1180:
1160:
1149:Datupagles.com
1130:
1117:
1104:
1091:
1075:
1057:
1050:
1028:
1004:
987:
985:
984:
981:978-1579583804
969:
966:978-0849305429
954:
947:
932:
925:
905:
880:
846:
816:
778:
764:
753:
739:
705:
681:
679:
676:
674:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
642:
640:
637:
628:
625:
616:
613:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
466:
463:
426:Madhya Pradesh
370:
367:
359:
358:
351:
344:
319:
312:
311:
310:
302:
295:
294:
293:
286:
285:
284:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
174:medieval India
146:northern India
131:
128:
89:Indian English
73:
70:
47:with a strong
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5591:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5311:Non-alcoholic
5308:
5305:
5301:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5224:Siling labuyo
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4900:Soup desserts
4897:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4765:Ube ice cream
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:Knickerbocker
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:Camote halaya
4430:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4108:Pan de monggo
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:Sopa de fideo
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:Gising-gising
3456:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3213:Tokwa’t baboy
3211:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Lechon kawali
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2862:Lengua pastel
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:Burong mangga
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2493:
2485:
2483:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:Robert Lustig
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:United States
2123:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:British Sugar
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Sugar alcohol
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1641:Glucose syrup
1639:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1619:Maesil-cheong
1617:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
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1597:
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1387:
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1127:
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1108:
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1095:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1053:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1019:
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1008:
1001:
997:
991:
982:
978:
974:
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967:
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959:
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948:
945:
941:
940:
936:
928:
926:9780521419994
922:
918:
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894:
890:
884:
876:
868:
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787:
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558:
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549:
545:
541:
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534:
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520:
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491:
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485:
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479:
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462:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:in India are
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
366:
364:
356:
352:
349:
345:
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338:
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333:
332:
323:
316:
306:
299:
290:
272:
270:
266:
260:
258:
254:
250:
249:transatlantic
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:North America
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:Mediterranean
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:traders from
155:
151:
147:
141:
137:
127:
125:
121:
117:
116:
111:
110:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
84:
79:
69:
67:
63:
59:
58:confectionery
54:
50:
46:
43:to unrefined
42:
38:
30:
26:
22:
5527:
5390:
5310:
5169:Nata de piña
5164:Nata de coco
5158:
5144:Luyang dilaw
5104:Keso de bola
4899:
4858:Puto bumbong
4774:
4730:Ice scramble
4701:
4672:Banana chips
4663:
4642:Panocha mani
4608:
4442:Cassava cake
4348:Ube crinkles
4313:Masa podrida
4224:
4185:Shing-a-ling
4125:Pan de regla
3939:and pastries
3536:Suam na mais
3516:Sinampalukan
3367:
3247:
3103:Fried dishes
3102:
2993:Pinsec frito
2661:Chori burger
2458:
2308:Sugar people
2296:Sugar packet
2220:Molasses Act
2195:Blackbirding
2088:Illovo Sugar
2083:South Africa
2036:Wilmar Sugar
1831:Butterscotch
1826:Barley sugar
1780:
1731:
1646:Golden syrup
1624:Mogwa-cheong
1476:Disaccharide
1348:
1339:
1314:
1298:the original
1293:
1284:
1273:
1263:
1238:. Retrieved
1233:
1224:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1199:
1191:
1152:. Retrieved
1148:
1125:
1120:
1115:, pp. 82–89.
1112:
1107:
1099:
1094:
1086:
1069:
1060:
1039:
1031:
1023:the original
1016:
1007:
995:
990:
972:
957:
950:
943:
935:
915:
908:
896:. Retrieved
892:
883:
860:
849:
832:
828:
803:
756:
747:
742:
730:. Retrieved
723:
700:the original
630:
618:
590:
565:
559:
554:
552:
547:
535:
527:
524:(muscovado).
521:
468:
456:
441:
434:
430:Chhattisgarh
401:
399:
372:
360:
329:
287:Traditional
268:
261:
221:Indian Ocean
202:
194:North Africa
154:Austronesian
143:
113:
107:
105:
100:
96:
92:
80:
75:
36:
35:
25:
5424:Bignay wine
5234:Tabon-tabon
5219:Siling haba
5204:Saba banana
5109:Kesong puti
5084:Kakang gatâ
4982:AsĂn tibuok
4870:Sapin-sapin
4848:Putli mandi
4778:(ricecakes)
4564:Tibok-tibok
4509:Maja blanca
4504:Lokot-lokot
4447:Pitsi-pitsĂ®
4420:Buko pandan
4103:Pan de coco
4088:Mango float
3959:Banana cake
3541:Tiyula itum
3281:Balao-balao
3271:Arroz caldo
3248:Rice dishes
3221:carne norte
3141:Crispy pata
3126:Carne frita
3093:Tuslob buwa
3008:Poqui poqui
2936:Pares kanto
2718:Everlasting
2636:Burong isda
2599:Binagoongan
2549:Main dishes
2454:John Yudkin
2364:Fruit syrup
2281:Sugar shack
2271:Added sugar
2210:Holing cane
2068:Philippines
1968:Casa-grande
1882:Other forms
1858:Sugar glass
1821:Sugar candy
1761:Gula melaka
1741:Candi sugar
1720:Solid forms
1711:YacĂłn syrup
1701:Table syrup
1676:Maple syrup
1629:Yuja-cheong
1599:Agave syrup
1534:Agave syrup
1503:Added sugar
1325:, pp. 34–35
889:"muscovado"
856:"muscovado"
651:Brown sugar
570:masala chai
560:Along with
553:The use of
544:Gulab jamun
444:Philippines
414:Maharashtra
355:spray drier
337:crystallise
269:brown sugar
225:West Indies
217:plantations
186:Mesopotamia
122:, and even
120:brown sugar
72:Terminology
21:brown sugar
5568:Categories
5484:Tapuy/Baya
5439:Duhat wine
5282:kaong palm
5134:Lemongrass
5029:BurĂ´/tapay
4962:Condiments
4923:Champorado
4875:Sayongsong
4499:Leche flan
4484:Ginanggang
4427:Camote cue
4415:Buko melon
4405:Buko salad
4385:Banana cue
4276:del Carmen
4243:Barquillos
4210:Waffle dog
4170:Sans rival
4093:Napoleones
4083:Mango cake
4066:Puto mamĂłn
3951:Asado roll
3777:Tuguegarao
3757:Guinobatan
3717:Longganisa
3684:Pares mami
3496:Pinikpikan
3358:Sinigapuna
3156:Fish balls
3053:Sinantolan
3033:Ropa vieja
2963:Pinapaitan
2693:Dinengdeng
2492:Production
2369:Date honey
2354:Cane knife
2291:Sugar nips
1980:Sugar bush
1963:Plantation
1951:Production
1846:Rock candy
1811:Preserving
1691:Pine honey
1636:Corn syrup
1524:Sugar beet
1240:2009-05-27
1215:2008-12-01
1154:2016-07-30
1002:. p. 26–7.
877:required.)
678:References
661:Rock candy
511:Masala tea
393:(3%), and
391:Bangladesh
348:centrifuge
275:Production
134:See also:
78:Portuguese
5528:See also:
5449:Kabarawan
5391:Alcoholic
5381:Tubho tea
5376:Tsokolate
5359:Samalamig
5303:Beverages
5287:nipa palm
5239:Toyomansi
5159:Muscovado
5034:Calamansi
4927:Ginataan
4908:Bilo-bilo
4863:Puto maya
4791:Bibingkoy
4720:Halo-halo
4622:Balikucha
4617:Pastillas
4524:Membrilyo
4410:Buko halo
4390:Baye baye
4353:Ugoy-ugoy
4343:Rosquillo
4333:Puto seco
4323:Paciencia
4262:Galletas
4248:Barquiron
4215:Yema cake
4051:Kumukunsi
4031:Flan cake
4026:Ensaymada
3969:Binangkal
3901:singkamas
3792:de Bilbao
3677:sotanghon
3489:Inun-unan
3343:PusĂ´/Tamu
3286:Java rice
3206:Kwek kwek
3201:Tokneneng
3131:Chicharon
3116:Calamares
3083:Tinapayan
3048:Sinanglay
2978:Pinatisan
2953:Picadillo
2874:Linagpang
2788:Kare-kare
2783:Kaldereta
2748:Hardinera
2708:Escabeche
2626:Bola-bola
2428:Sweetness
2423:Sweetener
2313:Sugar tit
2301:Sucrology
2276:Crop Over
2235:Sugar Act
2078:Sri Lanka
2063:Mauritius
2048:Caribbean
2021:Australia
1863:Sugarloaf
1781:Muscovado
1733:Peen tong
1671:Kuromitsu
1529:Sugarcane
1496:Trehalose
1459:Galactose
1442:Chemistry
1378:Muscovado
621:desi daru
604:Rishikesh
566:khandsari
465:Nutrition
437:Mauritius
422:Karnataka
331:methods:
198:Andalusia
150:sugarcane
93:khandsari
37:Muscovado
5579:Molasses
5499:Tunggang
5469:Mallorca
5409:Bahalina
5268:Vinegar
5199:Pili nut
5149:Macapuno
5069:Giniling
5054:GalapĂłng
4918:Binignit
4843:Panyalam
4813:Kutsinta
4786:Bibingka
4760:Sorbetes
4725:Ice buko
4715:Guinomis
4597:macapuno
4549:Salukara
4519:Masareal
4437:Cascaron
4372:Desserts
4328:Paborita
4298:Jacobina
4288:Gorgoria
4281:pesquera
4200:Ube cake
4165:PolvorĂłn
4160:Pinagong
4135:Pandesal
4021:Empanada
3996:Buko pie
3974:Biscocho
3923:Ngohiong
3896:Shanghai
3846:Dinamita
3807:Negrense
3802:de Macao
3788:Chorizo
3772:Pampanga
3737:Calumpit
3722:Alaminos
3709:Sausages
3637:estacion
3521:Sinigang
3501:Sarsiado
3416:kalabasa
3401:ampalaya
3396:Ginataan
3353:Sinangág
3296:Kiampong
3231:sardinas
3226:kalabasa
2968:Pinakbet
2948:Piaparan
2943:Pata tim
2926:Papaitan
2904:Waknatoy
2884:Linat-an
2879:Linarang
2818:Inulukan
2798:Kinilnat
2773:Inubaran
2743:Hamonado
2723:Giniling
2713:Estofado
2703:Embutido
2698:Dinuguan
2621:Biyaring
2604:kangkong
2584:Balbacua
2562:Afritada
2482:Category
2442:Research
2286:Sugaring
2100:Tanzania
1975:Refinery
1943:Industry
1868:Wasanbon
1806:Powdered
1746:Chancaca
1686:Molasses
1578:Products
1554:Honeydew
1454:Fructose
1249:cite web
898:20 April
808:Archived
728:. London
639:See also
459:Barbados
383:Pakistan
375:Colombia
341:shearing
322:shearing
305:molasses
162:Sanskrit
49:molasses
5543:Kamayan
5479:Pangasi
5454:Kinutil
5404:Anisado
5354:Salabat
5337:Benguet
5328:Coffee
5277:coconut
5189:Panutsa
5119:Landang
5099:Kasubha
5074:Gulaman
5019:Biasong
5002:monamon
4997:alamang
4992:Bagoong
4987:Atchara
4977:Achuete
4913:Binatog
4838:Palitaw
4808:Espasol
4798:Binakle
4776:Kakanin
4627:Belekoy
4559:Tamales
4539:Pinipig
4489:Kalamay
4464:Cornick
4454:ChampĂły
4395:Binagol
4266:de bato
4190:Silvana
4155:Pilipit
4145:Pianono
4098:Ohaldre
4076:tostado
4016:Egg pie
4001:Buñuelo
3979:Kinihad
3946:Alfajor
3819:Pinuneg
3797:de Cebu
3742:Chicken
3672:palabok
3652:Malabon
3602:Maki mi
3592:Kinalas
3575:Batchoy
3381:Binakol
3326:Bringhe
3316:Oko-oko
3068:Talunan
3028:Rendang
3023:Putsero
2894:Mechado
2828:Tinumok
2803:Kinilaw
2793:Kilawin
2738:HalabĂłs
2671:Curacha
2611:Binalot
2433:Vinasse
2344:Bagasse
2332:Related
2264:Culture
2177:History
1990:Engenho
1958:Boilery
1924:Tuzemák
1889:Caramel
1816:Sucanat
1766:Jaggery
1756:Gelling
1706:Treacle
1681:Mizuame
1544:Coconut
1517:Sources
1491:Sucrose
1486:Maltose
1481:Lactose
1464:Glucose
1194:, p. 4.
841:4357817
732:19 June
656:Jaggery
615:Alcohol
442:In the
416:(58%),
379:Myanmar
377:(14%),
363:jaggery
180:in the
130:History
124:jaggery
41:refined
5434:Dubado
5342:Sagada
5332:Barako
5292:spiced
5249:TĂşltul
5184:Pandan
5179:Palapa
5114:LabĂłng
5089:Kamias
5049:Dungon
5024:Bukayo
5007:terong
4687:Kiping
4682:Kropek
4592:halaya
4514:Maruya
4494:Kiamoy
4400:Binaki
4338:Roscas
4258:Caycay
4233:Aparon
4195:Siopao
4180:Shakoy
4071:Taisan
4046:Inipit
4006:Churro
3955:Banada
3891:sariwa
3881:labong
3851:Lumpia
3829:Lumpia
3812:pudpud
3767:Lucban
3727:Baguio
3647:luglug
3627:canton
3612:Pancit
3484:Paksiw
3479:Nilaga
3431:langka
3426:labong
3386:Bulalo
3338:Pastil
3321:Paelya
3301:Kuning
3236:talong
3217:Torta
3196:Tocino
3181:Pudpod
3161:Kikiam
3111:Bagnet
3088:Tinola
3078:Tinapa
3063:Tamale
3058:Siomai
3018:Pudpod
3013:Proben
2958:Pinais
2921:Paklay
2911:MorcĂłn
2889:Lumlom
2835:Lechon
2808:Kulawo
2763:Inasal
2676:Alavar
2616:Bistek
2463:(1972)
2391:Nectar
2379:Jallab
2163:Hawaii
2105:Uganda
2073:Rwanda
1851:Toffee
1796:Panela
1614:Cheong
1586:Syrups
1469:Xylose
1321:
1128:, 117.
1048:
979:
964:
923:
839:
593:coffee
548:khand.
448:Negros
432:(6%).
424:(5%),
420:(6%),
410:states
397:(3%).
389:(4%),
387:Brazil
385:(6%),
381:(9%),
265:Europe
241:slaves
223:, the
196:, and
101:khaand
5494:Tuhak
5474:Palek
5444:Intus
5429:Byais
5399:Agkud
5194:Patis
5124:Latik
5094:Kaong
5059:Gamet
5044:Dayok
5039:Dayap
4948:Lamaw
4890:Tupig
4885:Tikoy
4880:Suman
4833:MorĂłn
4828:Moche
4818:Mache
4574:TurĂłn
4479:Duman
4474:Dodol
4469:Daral
4380:Ampaw
4308:Linga
4150:Piaya
4118:Putok
4061:Broas
4056:MamĂłn
4041:Hopia
3964:Bicho
3928:TurĂłn
3906:togue
3886:prito
3866:hubad
3861:gulay
3856:adobo
3841:Daral
3833:turĂłn
3782:Vigan
3699:Sopas
3632:choca
3617:bihon
3607:Odong
3526:Sorol
3441:sugpo
3436:manok
3421:kuhol
3406:hipon
3391:Cansi
3368:Soups
3348:Silog
3306:Lugaw
3291:Junay
3186:Sisig
3151:Daing
3043:Satti
3003:Piutu
2931:Pares
2850:manok
2840:baboy
2758:Igado
2753:HumbĂ
2683:Decho
2631:Bopis
2589:Balut
2572:matua
2567:Asado
2557:Adobo
2374:Grape
2058:India
2053:Kenya
2000:Zafra
1995:Batey
1873:White
1836:Candy
1771:Misri
1727:Brown
1661:Honey
1559:Maple
1539:Birch
1425:Sugar
1145:(PDF)
939:See:
871:
837:JSTOR
811:(PDF)
800:(PDF)
646:Sugar
586:laddu
582:kheer
555:khand
522:khand
418:Bihar
402:khand
395:China
229:South
190:Egypt
97:khand
66:India
45:sugar
5489:Tubâ
5419:Basi
5414:Bais
5347:Sulu
5272:cane
5264:Ubod
5259:Ubad
5209:Sago
5174:PakĂ´
5129:LatĂ´
5079:GusĂ´
5064:Gatâ
4941:saba
4931:mais
4853:Puto
4823:Masi
4803:Biko
4654:Yema
4588:Ube
4554:Taho
4318:Otap
4238:Apas
3911:ubod
3876:keso
3871:isda
3831:and
3747:Fish
3667:Molo
3662:miki
3657:mami
3642:lomi
3622:buko
3446:ubod
3411:isda
3191:Tapa
3176:Okoy
3073:Tapa
2845:baka
2778:Isaw
2733:Goto
2577:pork
2158:Fiji
2043:Cuba
1841:Hard
1569:Malt
1564:Palm
1549:Date
1319:ISBN
1255:link
1046:ISBN
977:ISBN
962:ISBN
921:ISBN
900:2019
734:2017
578:ghee
574:roti
513:and
497:Uses
428:and
251:and
231:and
227:and
213:Asia
211:and
203:The
170:Arab
166:Pali
164:and
138:and
95:and
5254:Ube
2031:CSR
1904:Rum
1786:Nib
562:gur
519:gur
435:In
257:rum
243:or
152:by
112:or
103:).
62:rum
5570::
1355:,
1330:^
1306:^
1292:.
1272:.
1251:}}
1247:{{
1232:.
1208:.
1183:^
1163:^
1147:.
1133:^
1078:^
1068:.
1015:.
998:.
975:,
891:.
859:.
831:.
819:^
802:.
781:^
767:^
722:.
708:^
685:^
595:.
588:.
564:,
239:,
192:,
188:,
184:,
126:.
68:.
2526:e
2519:t
2512:v
1417:e
1410:t
1403:v
1257:)
1243:.
1218:.
1157:.
1072:.
1054:.
929:.
902:.
869:.
843:.
833:2
736:.
610:.
357:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
