336:
650:
519:). However, the post of provincial governor was still quasi-hereditary and usually handed down from father to son within the old Nakhon Si Thammarat dynasty. It was the most important among Ayutthaya's southern provinces and enjoyed a primacy vis-à-vis the other provinces on the Malay Peninsula. Its role in overseas trade (involving Dutch and Portuguese merchants) resulted in the province's substantial wealth and contributed to a high level of confidence and claim of autonomy.
885:, which is also used for the capital of Siam, Ayutthaya. Official titles for cities and rulers in pre-modern Siam is complex. We know Nakhon was closely allied with Siam and that Ayutthaya became involved in succession politics, sometimes appointing outsiders to the position. However, most of the rulers were chosen from among the ruling elite of Nakhon.
1711:
Nu was deputy governor to Phraya
Rachasutawadi and was known as Luang Sit Rai Wen Mahatlek or Phra Palat Nu. Munro-Hay says that although we have no information on Nu's origins, certain references in the Chronicles and the former titles he held suggest he was likely a member of the Nakhon ruling
840:
However, there is no historic evidence that Nakhon Si
Thammarat actually controlled these cities. Other reports from that period rarely describe Ligor as having any special role on the Malay Peninsula. The account in the chronicles seems to reflect the Siamese (Thai) claims to
861:
in his book. However, there is strong evidence that both the rulers themselves and
European powers regarded these rulers as kings in their own right. The Siamese term for Nakhon Si Thammarat changes over time. In the Palatine Law of 1458, it is a
511:) belonging to the Ayutthaya kingdom. Nevertheless, it maintained its own dynasty and had vassal states of its own, which it mediated to Ayutthaya (again a typical feature of the Mandala model with its tiered levels of power). Under king
1773:
Nu also ruler of a vassal state (prathetsarat) and has power to appoint own ministers in same manner as court of
Thonburi (Source: Chronicle of the First Reign by Chao Phraya Thiphakorawong). Nu's title was downgraded to Chao Phraya.
530:
with his mercenary force to quell the rebellion and made him governor and lord of Nakhon Si
Thammarat for a short time. Another insurrection of Nakhon Si Thammarat against the capital took place after the
473:, the dependency towards Sukhothai was only personal, not institutional. Therefore, after Ram Khaemhaeng's death, Nakhon Si Thammarat regained its independence and became the dominant Thai
1433:
Sent from
Ayutthaya, fell ill on the way. Does not mean not part of the local ruling elite, who often went to reside in Ayutthaya, perhaps as a means for Siam to control the succession.
571:, the rank of the Lord of Nakhon Si Thammarat was demoted from a vassal ruler to a mere governor of a first-class province and his control over the northern Malay sultanates (including
1449:
van Vliet writes that King Prasat Thong of
Ayutthaya attacked Nakhon himself, though the details of this story seem to be mixed up with an expedition to Chiangmai (Munro-Hay, p.237).
2418:
1241:
Munro-Hay simply lists him as appointed by
Ayutthaya. Does not mention if he is related to the first Ramrachatayanam (he states: "nothing is recorded of his time as governor").
1186:*This is not an official dynastic title. The chronicles only clearly show that this period began with Sri Thammarachadet and ended with his grandson (or nephew) Sri Thammarat
706:, surrounding the capital Nakhon Si Thammarat (Ligor), and were connected by land so that help could be sent from one city to another in the event of surprise attacks.
311:
551:
in 1767, Nakhon Si
Thammarat again enjoyed a short period of independence, including its subordinate provinces on the Malay Peninsula, but was subdued by
49:
Vassal State of the
Sukhothai Kingdom (c. 1283–1298), Ayutthaya Kingdom (16th century–1767), Thonburi Kingdom (1769–1782), and Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782)
1585:
acting governor? Of Malay descent. Nakhon Si Thammarat is reduced in rank. Nakhon did not accept the usurping of the throne by Phethracha and rebelled.
1008:
There is no record of a ruler in between Sri Worawong and Pirentrathep, but Munro-Hay cannot confirm with certainty that one succeeded the other, p.110
670:
2463:
2262:
741:
M.C. Chand Chirayu Rajani identified 11 of the 12 cities and their associated zodiac emblems with the following locations on the Malay Peninsula:
2010:
Strange Parallels: Volume 1, Integration on the Mainland: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c.800–1830 (Studies in Comparative World History)
1935:
Strange Parallels: Volume 1, Integration on the Mainland: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c.800–1830 (Studies in Comparative World History)
1886:
1691:
This is not an official dynastic title. The historic record clearly shows that Nu, Noi, Noi Klang, and Nu Prom was a patrilineal succession
692:
375:
2448:
2408:
1153:
Munro-Hay says he was appointed by Ayutthaya and not recorded in the chronicles as a relative of the previous ruling family (p.110).
857:
The following table is a list of rulers of Nakhon Si Thammarat. The english terms "governor" and "province" are translations used by
469:. Nakhon Si Thammarat's Buddhist Theravada tradition was a model for the whole Sukhothai kingdom. Exemplary for the Southeast Asian
440:
kingdom (existing c. 10th to 13th century) as a precursor of Nakhon Si Thammarat. During the late 1st and early 2nd millennium CE,
2428:
2413:
548:
1280:*We have scant information on this time period, especially the end of the 16th century and the mid-to-end of the 17th century.
2443:
2365:
2340:
2044:
1969:
1917:
248:
329:
879:
was abandoned and Nakhon became a first-class "city". Again, the translation "city" is misleading and comes from the Thai
2017:
1942:
2458:
2393:
556:
19:
This article is about the kingdom of Nakhon Si Thammarat, established in the 13th century. For its predecessor, see
619:
at the end of the 19th century the kingdom was finally fully absorbed into Siam. A new administrative entity named
603:
in Malaya, which incorrectly assumed the European model of exclusive sovereignty (or suzerainty) over territories.
2120:
Fukami Sumio (2006). "The Rise of Tambralinga and the Southeast Asian Commercial Boom in the Thirteenth Century".
461:
of 1283 (or 1292) lists Nakhon Si Thammarat as the southernmost tributary kingdom of Sukhothai, probably ruled by
1550:
Governor executed by Narai for murdering his former court poet (whom Narai had exiled to NST), Munro-Hay, p.156.
1222:
Munro-Hay simply lists him as appointed by Ayutthaya. Does not mention if he is related to Sri Thammarachadet.
2423:
1712:
family. He immediately commanded loyalty from Chumpon in the North to Kelantan and Trengganu in the South.
654:
634:
626:
532:
595:. The tiered relationships between Bangkok, Nakhon Si Thammarat and the Malay sultanates of Kedah and
2453:
1752:
Nephew of King Taksin, appointed while Nu sent to Thonburi. NST raised to status of tributary again.
1024:
This is not an official dynastic title, but the historic records show a clear patrilineal succession.
522:
During the Ayutthayan succession conflict of 1629, Nakhon Si Thammarat rebelled against the new king
470:
444:
expanded in mainland Southeast Asia. By the 13th century, they made Nakhon Si Thammarat one of their
629:, established in 1896, covered those areas on the east coast of the peninsula, i.e. the provinces
1806:
1759:
1720:
1697:
591:
again tasked the governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat to quell rebellions in the Malay sultanate of
80:
1500:
Ligor is occupied by Songkhla, which is united with Pattani and Phattalung (Munro-Hay, p.139)
1244:
118:
2433:
2240:
774:
638:
454:
at this location remain unclear, but it must have taken place before the mid-13th century.
274:
868:
8:
1042:
742:
416:
57:
1416:
Son of Yamada, Married the daughter of the unknown ex-ruler's brother (Okphra Amorarit)
2438:
1603:
830:
806:
616:
600:
458:
451:
450:(city-states). The exact circumstances of the Tai taking over the earlier Buddhist and
2301:
2389:
2361:
2040:
2013:
1965:
1938:
1913:
846:
790:
666:
630:
576:
462:
420:
408:
404:
235:
222:
187:
729:
2386:
Nakhon Sri Thammarat - The Archaeology, History and Legends of a Southern Thai Town
1534:
858:
810:
261:
124:
71:
2357:
Nakhon Sri Thammarat: The Archeology, History, and Legends of a Southern Thai Town
2355:
2289:
Nakhon Sri Thammarat: The Archeology, History and Legends of a Southern Thai Town
2034:
1959:
1907:
1385:
834:
814:
802:
770:
750:
680:
584:
572:
527:
412:
798:
786:
782:
778:
762:
735:
131:
111:
89:
1985:
1798:
son-in-law of Nu (Munro-Hay, p.169). NST downgraded to a first class province
673:, Nakhon Si Thammarat was surrounded by a chain of 12 inter-linked cities, or
2402:
1881:
1360:
Abolished phraya maha nakhon. Nakhon Si Thammarat is a first class province.
794:
684:
466:
367:
1517:
826:
818:
746:
703:
649:
523:
1480:
New governor arrives from Ayutthaya (Munro-Hay, p.138, citing the Batavia
1398:
Japanese governor appointed by Ayutthaya (Siamese title: Okya Seniphimok)
754:
504:
487:
441:
437:
316:
20:
842:
507:
dated 1468, listed Nakhon Si Thammarat as one of eight "great cities" (
583:(Minister of the Southern provinces). In 1821 and 1831 however, kings
723:
718:
536:
535:
when the local ruler refused to accept the accession of usurper king
492:
144:
1061:
founds Lantaka–unclear if he is King of Nakhon Si Thammarat or not
758:
714:
588:
512:
354:
153:
98:
1378:
Only seem to have mention of this rulers brother, Okphra Amorarit
697:
380:
2302:
G. S. P. Freeman-Grenville; Stuart Christopher Munro-Hay (2006).
1990:
1820:
son of Nu (by Lady Prang), formerly assistant governor of Nakhon
822:
621:
580:
1986:"The Siam Society Lecture: Uma Amizade Duradoura (31 May 2018)"
881:
866:(often translated as tributary state) and the ruler entitled a
675:
568:
552:
446:
395:
1674:
Uthumphon (r.1758–1758) / Ekkathat (last king of Ayutthaya) /
2316:
766:
606:
596:
592:
149:
738:, with each year being associated with a particular animal.
575:) was taken away, instead awarding them to the governor of
515:(r. 1590–1605) it became instead a "first class province" (
496:
400:
168:
102:
2330:
2328:
625:(circle) was created, each supervising several provinces.
2321:(3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. xiii.
2260:
2419:
States and territories established in the 1st millennium
669:
Chronicles of Nakhon Si Thammarat and the Chronicles of
2325:
702:). According to these accounts, the cities acted as an
526:. The usurper sent the influential Japanese adventurer
495:
kingdom recognised Nakhon Si Thammarat as belonging to
2154:(Second ed.). Silkworm Books. pp. 93, 96–98.
2094:(Second ed.). Silkworm Books. pp. 35, 43–46.
2036:
A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World
1961:
A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World
1909:
A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World
1171:
Munro-Hays says he was appointed by Ayutthaya (p.110)
2229:(Second ed.). Silkworm Books. pp. 149, 156.
2239:
2199:(Second ed.). Silkworm Books. pp. 141–143.
2184:(Second ed.). Silkworm Books. pp. 123–124.
1767:
Phra chao Nakhon Sri Thammarat / Chao Phraya Nakhon
2109:(Second ed.). Silkworm Books. pp. 48, 72.
845:
over the Malay regions of the south during the mid-
2139:(Second ed.). Silkworm Books. pp. 72–74.
2079:(Second ed.). Silkworm Books. pp. 39–40.
2032:
1957:
1905:
2400:
2286:
1264:grandson or nephew of Phraya Sri Thammarachadet
393:, was one of the major constituent city states (
2214:(Second ed.). Silkworm Books. p. 146.
2169:(Second ed.). Silkworm Books. p. 108.
2012:(Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1964:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 205–07.
1937:(Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2224:
2209:
2194:
2179:
2164:
2149:
2134:
2104:
2089:
2074:
2064:(Second ed.). Silkworm Books. p. 30.
2059:
1238:possible alternative dynasty: Ramrachatayanam
1219:possible alternative dynasty: Ramrachatayanam
1887:History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
722:) refers to the lunar calendar system with a
2339:sfn error: no target: CITEREFThepthani1953 (
2256:
2254:
2119:
1854:1867-1894, Chao Phraya Nakhon Sri Thammarat
1676:Alaungphaya of Burma (1760–1767) took Ligor
1102:Sri Danu (Khun Indra II, Sri Maharacha III)
579:. Nakhon Si Thammarat was supervised by the
2263:"Background To The Sri Vijaya Story—Part I"
2122:XIV International Economic History Congress
2039:. Cambridge University Press. p. 50.
2033:Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017).
1958:Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017).
1912:. Cambridge University Press. p. 50.
1906:Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017).
607:Integration into the Siamese central state
2353:
2334:
2251:
2007:
1932:
2317:Chris Baker; Pasuk Phongpaichit (2014).
1856:1894-1901, Pu wah ratchakarn (governor)
875:During the reign of Naresuan, the title
648:
415:. Its capital was the eponymous city of
2464:13th-century establishments in Thailand
1728:Proclaimed himself King of all of Siam
1345:his son was the governor of Phattalung
872:(one of the highest non-royal titles).
2401:
2291:. White Lotus Press. pp. 129–130.
1273:Second Era of Siamese-Appointed Rulers
562:
411:and controlled a sizeable part of the
211:• Establishment of a Tai kingdom
1121:First era of Siamese-appointed rulers
86:– official during late 17th century.
1848:Chao Phraya Suthammontri (Nu Prom)
480:
431:
13:
2378:
2261:M.C. Chand Chirayu Rajani (1971).
1715:Ekkathat (last king of Ayutthaya)
599:posed a conundrum for the British
542:
108:– for religious and ceremonial use
77:– official 1283-late 17th century.
14:
2475:
2247:. Silkworm Books. pp. 89–91.
1814:Chao Phraya Nakhon Sri Thammarat
1631:Chao Phraya Nakhon Sri Thammarat
1292:Chao Phraya Nakhon Sri Thammarat
1166:Chao Phraya Nakhon Sri Thammarat
852:
201:Middles Ages, Early modern period
2449:Early modern history of Thailand
2409:Former countries in Thai history
1667:Chao Muang Nakhon Sri Thammarat
644:
334:
309:
16:Former kingdom in South Thailand
2347:
2310:
2295:
2280:
2233:
2218:
2203:
2188:
2173:
2158:
2143:
2128:
2113:
2098:
657:refers to the circle of twelve
2429:History of Nakhon Si Thammarat
2414:15th-century disestablishments
2083:
2068:
2053:
2026:
2001:
1978:
1951:
1926:
1899:
1828:Phra Sanehamontri (Noi Klang)
1297:former governor of Tenasserim
665:According to the 16th-century
1:
2354:Munro-Hay, Stuart C. (2001).
2304:Islam: An Illustrated History
1892:
1843:Rama III / Mongkut (Rama IV)
1566:NST demoted to 2nd rank city
436:Most historians identify the
2444:Medieval history of Thailand
1834:Phraya Nakhon Sri Thammarat
1068:Sri Maharacha II (Phra La?)
683:, called the Naksat cities (
655:Nakhon Si Thammarat Province
7:
2270:Journal of the Siam Society
1875:
698:
627:Monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat
382:Anachak Nakhon Si Thammarat
381:
364:Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom
35:Anachak Nakhon Si Thammarat
30:Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom
10:
2480:
2276:: 174–211, at pp. 176–179.
2008:Lieberman, Victor (2003).
1933:Lieberman, Victor (2003).
1317:Chakkraphat (r.1548–1569)
1300:Chakkraphat (r.1548–1569)
1192:Phraya Sri Thammarachadet
1179:Sri Thammarachadet dynasty
905:Siamese historical period
555:in 1769 on his mission to
533:Siamese revolution of 1688
426:
81:Early Modern Southern Thai
18:
2306:. Continuum. p. 250.
2287:Stuart Munro-Hay (2001).
2227:Thailand: A Short History
2212:Thailand: A Short History
2197:Thailand: A Short History
2182:Thailand: A Short History
2167:Thailand: A Short History
2152:Thailand: A Short History
2137:Thailand: A Short History
2107:Thailand: A Short History
2092:Thailand: A Short History
2077:Thailand: A Short History
2062:Thailand: A Short History
1688:
1681:
1620:Phumintharacha (Thai Sa)
1580:governor (pu rang muang)
1278:
1271:
1184:
1177:
1119:
1021:
1014:
829:). The exact location of
688:
371:
350:
288:
284:
271:
258:
245:
232:
219:
209:
205:
197:
193:
181:
177:
167:
159:
140:
64:
53:
45:
40:
28:
2459:13th century in Thailand
1807:Phra Aphirakphubet (Noi)
1267:Chairacha (r.1533–1546)
1095:son of Sri Maharacha II
477:on the Malay Peninsula.
387:Nagara Sri Dharmarashtra
249:Second fall of Ayutthaya
2225:David K. Wyatt (2004).
2210:David K. Wyatt (2004).
2195:David K. Wyatt (2004).
2180:David K. Wyatt (2004).
2165:David K. Wyatt (2004).
2150:David K. Wyatt (2004).
2135:David K. Wyatt (2004).
2105:David K. Wyatt (2004).
2090:David K. Wyatt (2004).
2075:David K. Wyatt (2004).
2060:David K. Wyatt (2004).
1747:Chao muang pratetsarat
1210:Phraya Ramrachatayanam
1078:son of Sri Maharacha I
1866:Mongkut/Chulalongkorn
833:, identified with the
699:Mueang Sip-Song Naksat
662:
491:document of 1365, the
117:– spoken among ethnic
2360:. White Lotus Press.
2319:A history of Thailand
1661:Phraya Rachasutawadi
1252:Phraya Sri Thammarat
1245:Borommarachathirat IV
652:
465:, a relative of King
372:อาณาจักรนครศรีธรรมราช
275:Rattanakosin province
130:–spoken among ethnic
65:Common languages
33:อาณาจักรนครศรีธรรมราช
2241:Thongchai Winichakul
485:In the Old Javanese
330:Rattanakosin Kingdom
2424:Indianized kingdoms
1823:Rama II / Rama III
1649:Chao Phraya Nakhon
1625:Phraya Chaiathibet
1261:Sri Thammarachadet
1201:Sri Thammarachadet
1160:Phraya Pontheparat
1043:Borommatrailokkanat
997:Luang Pirentrathep
980:Luang Sri Worawong
653:The modern seal of
635:Nakhon Si Thammarat
563:Rattanakosin period
417:Nakhon Si Thammarat
58:Nakhon Si Thammarat
2384:Stuart Munro-Hay.
2124:(72). Helsinki: 4.
1741:Chao Narasuriwong
1734:subdued by Taksin
1604:Suriyenthrathibodi
1406:Okkhun Senaphimuk
663:
617:Damrong Rajanubhab
601:East India Company
509:phraya maha nakhon
459:Ramkhamhaeng stele
452:Indianised kingdom
273:• Demoted to
145:Theravada Buddhism
2367:978-974-7534-73-3
2046:978-1-316-64113-2
1971:978-1-316-64113-2
1919:978-1-316-64113-2
1870:
1869:
1863:son of Noi Klang
1144:Sri Maharacha IV
1113:son Khun Indra I
1016:Maharacha dynasty
696:
615:reform of Prince
549:fall of Ayutthaya
463:Sri Thammasokaraj
421:Southern Thailand
379:
360:
359:
346:
345:
342:
341:
322:
321:
260:• Vassal of
234:• Vassal of
221:• Vassal of
188:Sri Thammasokaraj
41:13th century–1782
2471:
2454:Thonburi Kingdom
2372:
2371:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1903:
1683:Palat Nu dynasty
1643:Phraya Sukhotai
1574:Phraya Ram Dejo
1535:Si Suthammaracha
1286:Phraya Ponlarat
1229:Ramrachatayanam
1051:Sri Maharacha I
900:Name of dynasty
888:
887:
859:Stuart Munro-Hay
847:Ayutthaya period
701:
691:
690:
689:เมือง ๑๒ นักษัตร
671:Phra That Nakhon
481:Ayutthaya period
432:Sukhothai period
391:Kingdom of Ligor
384:
374:
373:
338:
337:
326:
325:
313:
312:
306:
305:
290:
289:
129:
125:Chinese dialects
116:
107:
94:
85:
76:
26:
25:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2399:
2398:
2381:
2379:Further reading
2376:
2375:
2368:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2333:
2326:
2315:
2311:
2300:
2296:
2285:
2281:
2265:
2259:
2252:
2238:
2234:
2223:
2219:
2208:
2204:
2193:
2189:
2178:
2174:
2163:
2159:
2148:
2144:
2133:
2129:
2118:
2114:
2103:
2099:
2088:
2084:
2073:
2069:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2006:
2002:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1878:
1801:Rama I/Rama II
1684:
1386:Yamada Nagamasa
1274:
1180:
1127:Khun Ratanakan
1122:
1017:
855:
734:, based on the
726:cycle of years
681:Malay Peninsula
647:
609:
565:
545:
543:Thonburi period
528:Yamada Nagamasa
483:
434:
429:
419:in what is now
413:Malay Peninsula
335:
310:
277:
264:
251:
238:
225:
212:
184:
148:
136:
127:
114:
105:
95:– lingua franca
92:
83:
74:
36:
34:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2477:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2397:
2396:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2346:
2335:Thepthani 1953
2324:
2309:
2294:
2279:
2250:
2232:
2217:
2202:
2187:
2172:
2157:
2142:
2127:
2112:
2097:
2082:
2067:
2052:
2045:
2025:
2019:978-0521800860
2018:
2000:
1977:
1970:
1950:
1944:978-0521800860
1943:
1925:
1918:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
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1825:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1777:Taksin/Rama I
1775:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1686:
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1679:
1678:
1672:
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1662:
1658:
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1650:
1647:
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1634:
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1626:
1622:
1621:
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1614:
1612:
1610:
1607:
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1601:
1599:
1597:
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1590:
1589:
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1578:
1575:
1571:
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1564:
1562:
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1515:
1513:
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1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1437:
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1427:
1424:
1420:
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1414:
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1399:
1396:
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1388:
1382:
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1379:
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1374:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
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1343:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
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1319:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1293:
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1287:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1249:
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1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1157:
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1154:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1133:
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1128:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:Maharachadanai
1027:
1026:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
998:
994:
993:
991:
989:
987:
984:
981:
977:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
963:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
949:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
921:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
907:
906:
903:
901:
898:
895:
894:Years of rule
892:
891:Name of ruler
854:
853:List of rulers
851:
837:, is unknown.
736:Chinese zodiac
709:The Thai term
646:
643:
608:
605:
564:
561:
544:
541:
482:
479:
433:
430:
428:
425:
358:
357:
352:
348:
347:
344:
343:
340:
339:
332:
323:
320:
319:
314:
302:
301:
296:
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
272:
269:
268:
265:
259:
256:
255:
252:
246:
243:
242:
239:
233:
230:
229:
226:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:Historical era
195:
194:
191:
190:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
174:
171:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
142:
138:
137:
135:
134:
121:
109:
96:
87:
78:
68:
66:
62:
61:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
38:
37:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2476:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2395:
2394:974-7534-73-8
2391:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2369:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2337:, p. 16.
2336:
2331:
2329:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2206:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2176:
2168:
2161:
2153:
2146:
2138:
2131:
2123:
2116:
2108:
2101:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:Greater India
1880:
1879:
1873:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1754:
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1736:
1733:
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1727:
1724:
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1719:
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1696:
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1673:
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1660:
1659:
1655:
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1641:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1556:
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1547:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:Dagh-Register
1479:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:Prasat Thong
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:Khun Indra I
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
992:
990:
988:
985:
982:
979:
978:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
964:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
950:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
936:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
922:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
908:
904:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
889:
886:
884:
883:
878:
873:
871:
870:
865:
860:
850:
848:
844:
838:
836:
832:
831:Mueang Pahang
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
731:
725:
721:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
700:
694:
686:
682:
678:
677:
672:
668:
667:Southern Thai
660:
656:
651:
645:Naksat cities
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:
618:
614:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
560:
558:
554:
550:
540:
538:
534:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:
478:
476:
472:
471:Mandala model
468:
467:Ram Khamhaeng
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
448:
443:
439:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:
392:
388:
383:
377:
369:
365:
356:
353:
351:Today part of
349:
333:
331:
328:
327:
324:
318:
315:
308:
307:
304:
303:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:
270:
266:
263:
257:
253:
250:
244:
240:
237:
231:
227:
224:
218:
214:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
186:
180:
176:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
155:
151:
146:
143:
139:
133:
126:
122:
120:
113:
110:
104:
100:
97:
91:
88:
82:
79:
73:
70:
69:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
27:
22:
2385:
2356:
2349:
2318:
2312:
2303:
2297:
2288:
2282:
2273:
2269:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2220:
2211:
2205:
2196:
2190:
2181:
2175:
2166:
2160:
2151:
2145:
2136:
2130:
2121:
2115:
2106:
2100:
2091:
2085:
2076:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2035:
2028:
2009:
2003:
1995:
1989:
1980:
1960:
1953:
1934:
1928:
1908:
1901:
1871:
1855:
1795:
1705:Chao Nakhon
1690:
1675:
1481:
1305:Intharathep
1279:
1247:(1529–1533)
1185:
1023:
880:
877:prathetsarat
876:
874:
867:
864:prathetsarat
863:
856:
839:
740:
727:
717:
710:
708:
704:outer shield
674:
664:
658:
620:
612:
610:
566:
557:reunite Siam
546:
524:Prasat Thong
521:
516:
508:
501:Palatine law
500:
486:
484:
474:
456:
445:
435:
403:kingdoms of
394:
390:
386:
363:
361:
299:Succeeded by
298:
293:
241:16th century
228:c. 1279–1298
215:13th century
183:• 1283
2434:Tai history
2245:Siam Mapped
1840:son of Noi
1656:Borommakot
1638:Borommakot
869:chao phraya
639:Phatthalung
613:Thesaphiban
488:Desawarnana
442:Tai peoples
438:Tambralinga
317:Tambralinga
294:Preceded by
147:(dominant),
21:Tambralinga
2403:Categories
1893:References
1851:1867–1901
1831:1839–1867
1811:1811–1839
1785:1784–1811
1764:1777–1784
1744:1770–1777
1725:1767–1769
1702:1760–1767
1664:1758–1760
1588:Phetracha
1577:1689–1692
1390:1629–1630
1110:Maharacha
1092:Maharacha
1075:Maharacha
1058:Maharacha
843:suzerainty
775:Phattalung
743:Narathiwat
547:After the
407:and later
160:Government
2439:Srivijaya
1996:6:14-6:40
1860:Palat Nu
1837:Palat Nu
1817:Palat Nu
1791:Palat Nu
1788:governor
1770:Palat Nu
1731:Palat Nu
1708:Palat Nu
1393:governor
1363:Naresuan
1310:governor
1258:governor
1235:governor
1216:governor
1198:governor
1132:governor
1041:Uncle of
1038:Maharacha
1003:governor
986:governor
807:Tha Chana
730:Pi Naksat
724:duodenary
719:nakshatra
679:, on the
611:With the
537:Phetracha
517:mueang ek
493:Majapahit
409:Ayutthaya
405:Sukhothai
399:) of the
236:Ayutthaya
223:Sukhothai
141:Religion
72:Sukhothai
2243:(1995).
1876:See also
1872:Source:
791:Chumphon
759:Kelantan
715:Sanskrit
631:Songkhla
589:Rama III
577:Songkhla
513:Naresuan
503:of King
355:Thailand
262:Thonburi
163:Monarchy
154:Hinduism
123:Various
99:Sanskrit
1991:YouTube
1796:uparat,
1794:former
1646:?–1758
1628:1742–?
1518:Fa Chai
1409:1630–?
1289:1553–?
1255:1535–?
1232:1532–?
1213:1500–?
1195:1497–?
1163:1495–?
1105:1493–?
983:1375–?
823:Kraburi
811:Rooster
751:Pattani
695::
622:monthon
585:Rama II
581:Kalahom
505:Trailok
427:History
401:Siamese
389:or the
378::
247:•
132:Chinese
60:(Ligor)
54:Capital
2392:
2364:
2043:
2016:
1968:
1941:
1916:
1569:Narai
1553:Narai
1033:?–1452
897:Title
882:mueang
835:Rabbit
815:Phuket
803:Monkey
771:Dragon
713:(from
711:naksat
676:Mueang
661:cities
659:Naksat
573:Patani
569:Rama I
567:Under
553:Taksin
499:. The
475:mueang
447:mueang
396:mueang
173:
128:
119:Malays
115:
106:
93:
84:
75:
46:Status
2266:(PDF)
1782:Phat
1493:1649
1473:1645
1442:1631
1338:1612
799:Krabi
787:Horse
783:Trang
779:Snake
767:Kedah
763:Tiger
597:Perak
593:Kedah
150:Islam
112:Malay
90:Khmer
2390:ISBN
2362:ISBN
2341:help
2041:ISBN
2014:ISBN
1966:ISBN
1939:ISBN
1914:ISBN
1371:?–?
1368:???
1000:?–?
795:Goat
693:RTGS
685:Thai
637:and
587:and
497:Siam
457:The
376:RTGS
368:Thai
362:The
280:1782
267:1769
254:1767
169:King
103:Pali
101:and
1484:).
827:Pig
821:),
819:Dog
813:),
805:),
797:),
789:),
781:),
773:),
765:),
757:),
749:),
747:Rat
385:),
2405::
2388:.
2327:^
2274:62
2272:.
2268:.
2253:^
1994:.
1988:.
1760:Nu
1721:Nu
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2022:.
1974:.
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1689:*
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