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nutrition in over 600 orphanages. She set up a non-profit organization, Agro-Africa
Limited, the purpose of which is to set up small scale agricultural projects to ameliorate Kenya's massive droughts and help its victims. Finally, she was the director of medical programs for the American Joint Distribution Committee in
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known for his work in emergency medicine and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In 1974, the university received grant funding from the U.S. Department of
Transportation to create a "curriculum for nation wide emergency medical services". Safar oversaw this project, but recruited Caroline as the medical
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in 1974, one of the first EMS medical directors in the United States. The service had encountered police oppression and opposition as well as financial and administrative issues. By the time
Caroline first became involved, the service was on the brink of collapse. However, she staged a successful
243:(AMREF) in Nairobi. While working in the region, she managed the Flying Doctors emergency medical service, which covers Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, and southern Sudan. She conducted medical classes for health workers throughout the region and wrote a weekly health column for the Kenyan newspaper
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entitled "Ask Dr. AMREF". During her five-year stay in East Africa, she wrote a handbook on basic life support while consulting for the League of Red Cross societies and running seminars on first aid. She worked extensively with the
Ethiopian Orthodox Church to provide better health care and
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270:, and the Tel Hashomer Hospice. For the last fifteen years of her life, she dedicated her work to cancer treatment and hospice care in Israel. In 1995, concerned about the limited options she saw in hospice care in Israel, she founded the Hospice of Upper Galilee (HUG).
211:. In segregated Pittsburgh, ambulance service was privatized and rarely answered calls in black neighborhoods. Police were the only emergency responders in most of these neighborhoods. The service was very successful and became the national model for cities' ambulances.
231:, Israel's Red Cross Society. The program she created was focused on emergency medical responses to terrorist attacks, dedicated to enabling the providers to respond to emergencies within minutes. She also translated her EMS textbook into Hebrew.
142:, to Leo and Zelda Caroline. From a young age, Nancy had a strong social conscience and a strong sense of her identity as a Jewish person. She began her medical career while still a teenager, working as a photographer and lab worker at
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Since her childhood, her identity as a Jewish person was of great importance to Nancy
Caroline, and shaped many of her actions and choices throughout her life. In 1977, she immigrated to Israel, becoming the first medical director of
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in the ambulances. Despite this, funding was cut in 1975 when the city launched its own ambulance service and
Freedom House quickly folded. In 1976, she took over as deputy director for the emergency department of
254:. In 1987, she returned to Israel and continued to work for AMREF, writing correspondence courses for rural health workers in Africa and developing training materials in emergency medicine.
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in 1971. She stayed in
Cleveland to complete her residencies, and then began a fellowship in critical care medicine at the University of Pittsburgh in 1973.
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266:'s medical school and, on a volunteer basis, as a physician and medical adviser of Magen David Adom, the Oncology Department of
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comeback during her time as medical director. This service was the first to train and use EMT paramedics in
America as well as
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277:, whom she had first met in medical school. They were only married a few months before she died. She was diagnosed with
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and was cared for at the
Hospice center she founded. She died of multiple myeloma on December 12, 2002, at home in
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CPR for All: An
Illustrated Manual of Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in Adults, Children, and Infants
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374:"Obituary: Dr. Nancy Caroline / A leader in preparing nonphysicians to provide emergency medical care"
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Caroline worked until her death in 2002. She remained an adjunct visiting professor at the
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285:, Israel and was buried in her native Boston. Her husband died in 2003, also of cancer.
106:(June 27, 1944 – December 12, 2002) was an American physician and writer who worked in
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Nancy Caroline relocated to Kenya in 1982 to become Senior Medical Officer of the
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Workbook for Emergency Medical Treatment: Review Problems for EMTs: With Answers
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National Training Course, Emergency Medical Technician, Paramedic: Course Guide
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412:"Caroline, Nancy L.. Papers of Nancy L. Caroline, 1905-2005: A Finding Aid"
114:, an emergency ambulance service that assisted underserved populations in
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Emergency Medical Treatment: A Textbook for EMT-As and EMT-Intermediates
207:– was created to train ambulance attendants and teach paramedics in the
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218:, a textbook which was the first of its kind for paramedic training.
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in the 1960s and 1970s. She was also the first medical director of
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A Manual for Instructors Adapted to Emergency Medical Treatment
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130:, and was later called "Israel's Mother Teresa" by colleagues.
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439:"How Pittsburgh's Freedom House Pioneered Paramedic Treatment"
463:"How Pittsburgh's 'Freedom House' shaped modern EMS systems"
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Nancy Caroline in front of Freedom House ambulance ca. 1975
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Study Guide for Emergency Care in the Streets, 5th Edition
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In 2002, she married geneticist and molecular biologist
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The Freedom House project – not to be confused with the
307:Ambulance Calls: Review Problems for the Paramedic
146:. In 1966 she received a B.A. in linguistics from
138:Nancy Lee Caroline was born on June 27, 1944, in
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511:"Lazarus Astrachan, 78, Conducted RNA Studies"
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303:(with James C. McClintock), 3rd edition, 1987
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551:, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
372:Srikameswaran, Anita (December 21, 2002).
351:(with Alexander Waller), 2nd edition, 2000
301:Workbook for Emergency Care in the Streets
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205:organization created by Eleanor Roosevelt
16:American physician and writer (1944–2002)
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241:African Medical and Research Foundation
605:Case Western Reserve University alumni
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610:20th-century Israeli women physicians
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337:Handbook of Prehospital Medications
110:(EMS). She was medical director of
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615:20th-century Israeli physicians
152:Case Western Reserve University
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144:Massachusetts General Hospital
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580:American emergency physicians
509:Wade, Nicholas (2003-08-02).
483:"About Upper Galilee Hospice"
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216:Emergency Care in the Streets
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590:American emigrants to Israel
585:Israeli emergency physicians
575:Deaths from multiple myeloma
546:Papers of Nancy L. Caroline.
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349:Handbook of Palliative Care
222:Israel and Magen David Adom
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108:emergency medical services
97:Emergency Medical Services
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600:Radcliffe College alumni
315:(with Ilan Yeshua), 1991
264:University of Pittsburgh
379:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
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196:Nancy Caroline with a
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416:oasis.lib.harvard.edu
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158:Freedom House project
140:Newton, Massachusetts
52:Newton, Massachusetts
268:Sheba Medical Center
549:Schlesinger Library
327:, 3rd edition, 1991
309:, 3rd edition, 1991
515:The New York Times
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179:Shadyside Hospital
150:and her M.D. from
104:Nancy Lee Caroline
275:Lazarus Astrachan
148:Radcliffe College
128:Red Cross Society
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81:American, Israeli
63:December 12, 2002
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67:(aged 58)
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65:(2002-12-12)
570:2002 deaths
565:1944 births
258:Final years
252:Addis Ababa
235:East Africa
164:Peter Safar
78:Nationality
559:Categories
528:2020-10-01
492:2016-09-09
468:2016-09-02
448:2016-09-02
421:2016-09-02
356:References
198:motorcycle
134:Early life
116:Pittsburgh
86:Occupation
44:1944-06-27
523:0362-4331
89:Physician
443:NPR.org
283:Metulla
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345:, 1995
339:, 1995
333:, 1991
321:, 1991
297:, 1977
124:Israel
519:ISSN
387:2016
60:Died
38:Born
174:EKG
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