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682:. The serpopard is a mythological creature, a mix of serpent and leopard. The circle formed by their curving necks is the central part of the Palette, which is the area where the cosmetics would have been ground. Upper and Lower Egypt each worshipped lioness war goddesses as protectors; the intertwined necks of the serpopards may thus represent the unification of the state. Similar images of such mythical animals are known from other contemporaneous cultures, and there are other examples of late-predynastic objects (including other palettes and knife handles such as the
209:, during the dig season of 1897–98. Also found at this dig were the Narmer Macehead and the Scorpion Macehead. The exact place and circumstances of these finds were not recorded very clearly by Quibell and Green. In fact, Green's report placed the Palette in a different layer one or two yards away from the deposit, which is considered to be more accurate on the basis of the original excavation notes. It has been suggested that these objects were royal donations made to the temple. Nekhen, or Hierakonpolis, was one of four power centers in
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660:(this assumes that these symbols had the same phonetic value used in later hieroglyphic writing). Before this man are four standard bearers, holding aloft an animal skin, a dog, and two falcons. At the far right of this scene are ten decapitated corpses with their heads placed between their legs and their severed genitals placed atop each head. These figures are generally understood to be victims of Narmer's conquest. Above them are symbols for a ship, a falcon holding a harpoon and a door.
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479:. Based on an established unit correlating to the distance across the knuckles of human fist, this conventional form of measurement was a means of standardizing the proportions of important figures in Egyptian art. The standard measurement of 18 fists from the ground to the hairline on the forehead is apparent in the Palette. Both artistic conventions remained in use until at least the conquest by
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and hips turn slightly and his shoulders face the front. One eye, even though it would normally not be seen if this were an actual profile head, is also shown from the front. The purpose was to provide the most complete information possible about a person on a flat surface. The
Palette also shows the
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were typically used for grinding cosmetics, but this palette is too large and heavy (and elaborate) to have been created for personal use and was probably a ritual or votive object, specifically made for donation to, or use in, a temple. One theory is that it was used to grind cosmetics to adorn the
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The
Palette has raised considerable scholarly debate over the years. In general, the arguments fall into one of two camps: scholars who believe that the Palette is a record of an important event, and other academics who argue that it is an object designed to establish the mythology of united rule
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has suggested that the events portrayed are "tokens of royal achievement" from the past and that "the chief purpose of the piece is not to record an event but to assert that the king dominates the ordered world in the name of the gods and has defeated internal, and especially external, forces of
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At the bottom of the verso, a bull is seen knocking down the walls of a city while trampling on a fallen foe. Head lowered, Narmer is shown here as a stylized, two-dimensional beast who will vanquish his enemies. Bulls had an ideological connection to
Egyptian kingship. "Bull of his Mother", for
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On the left of the king is a man bearing the king's sandals, flanked by a rosette symbol. To the right of the king is a kneeling prisoner, who is about to be struck by the king. A pair of symbols appear next to his head perhaps indicating his name
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has suggested that the iconography on this and other pre-dynastic palettes has more to do with establishing the king as a visual metaphor of the conquering hunter, caught in the moment of delivering a mortal blow to his enemies.
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The largest relief on this side depicts Narmer, who lifts a royal mace in his right hand while with his left he pulls up a kneeling captive by the hair. In contrast to the verso depiction of Narmer, where he is shown with the
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containing large, randomly distributed mineral grains. Both are unlike the finely grained, hard, flake-resistant siltstone, whose source is from a well-attested quarry that has been used since pre-dynastic times at
515:, perched above a set of papyrus flowers, the symbol of Lower Egypt. In his talons, he holds a rope-like object which appears to be attached to the nose of a man's head that also emerges from the papyrus flowers.
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Detail of the Narmer
Palette showing a belt with four beaded tassels topped with depictions of Bat similar to those seen at the top of the palette as well as a fringe at the back representing the tail of a
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have argued that the
Palette does not represent a historical event (such as the unification of Egypt), but instead represents the events of the year in which the object was dedicated to the temple.
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of Lower Egypt, symbolized by a papyrus. He holds a mace and a flail, two traditional symbols of kingship. To his right are the hieroglyphic symbols for his name, though not contained within a
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of Upper Egypt. His pose reflects the
Ancient Egyptian convention of showing an important figure from multiple perspectives at once. His feet, legs and head are shown in profile, while the
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The Narmer
Palette is a 63-centimetre-tall (25 in) by 42-centimetre-wide (17 in), shield-shaped, ceremonial palette, carved from a single piece of flat, soft dark gray-green
324:(chisel) inside, being the phonetic representation of Narmer's name. Both serekhs are flanked by a pair of bovine heads with highly curved horns, thought to represent the cow goddess
229:. It is one of the initial exhibits which visitors have been able to see when entering the museum. Its inventory number is JE 32169 and its former identification number is CG 14716.
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that preceded the consolidation of Upper Egypt at the end of the Naqada III period. Hierakonpolis's religious importance continued long after its political role had declined.
458:, who shared many of Bat's characteristics, is often depicted in a similar manner. Some authors suggest that the images represent the vigor of the king as a pair of bulls.
637:, hierarchic scale or hierarchy of scale. As on the recto, his disproportionate size reinforces the ideas of conquest and political power as a god-like leader. He wears a
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example, was a common epithet given to an
Egyptian king as the son of the patron cow goddess. This posture of a bovine has the meaning of "force" in later hieroglyphics.
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of Lower (northern) Egypt, which also makes it the earliest known example of a king wearing both types of headdress. The
Palette shows many of the classic conventions of
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Below the bovine heads is what appears to be a procession. Narmer is significantly larger than anyone else on that register, an artistic convention known variously as
503:. They also are the same heads as those that adorn the top of each side of the palette. At the back of the belt is attached a long fringe representing a lion's tail.
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appearing adjacent to his head, and a second rectangular symbol that has no clear interpretation, but which has been suggested may represent a town or citadel.
454:, flank the serekh of Narmer. The goddess Bat is, as she often was, shown in portrait, rather than in profile as is traditional in Egyptian relief carving.
794:, the Palette is a quest item and minor plot point toward the end of the main quest's storyline. The Narmer Palette is a main plot point in
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168:, the Narmer Palette provides one of the earliest known depictions of an Egyptian king. On one side, the king is depicted with the bulbed
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Immediately in front of the pharaoh is a long-haired man, accompanied by a pair of hieroglyphs that have been interpreted as his name:
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Attached to the belt worn by Narmer are four beaded tassels, each capped with an ornament in the shape of the head of the goddess
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312:, which is "a composite hieroglyphic symbol standing for the king/crown/state and the state's property". The serekhs bear the
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over 3,000 years later. The minor figures in active poses, such as the king's captive, the corpses and the handlers of the
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of the cosmos within
Egyptian mythology during the pre-dynastic and Old Kingdom periods of Ancient Egyptian history.
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1832:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. part Two, §§ 143, 659, 853, part Three §§ 117, 144, 147, 285 etc.
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Andelković, Branislav (2011). "Political Organization of Egypt in the Predynastic Period". In Teeter, Emily (ed.).
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over Upper and Lower Egypt by the king. It had been thought that the Palette either depicted the unification of
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Depicted at the top of either side, two human-faced bovine heads, thought to represent the patron cow goddess
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archaeological find, dating from about the 31st century BC, belonging, at least nominally, to the category of
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O'Connor, David (2011). "Chapter 16, The Palette of Narmer: A New Interpretation". In Teeter, Emily (ed.).
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Below the procession, two men are holding ropes tied to the outstretched, intertwining necks of two
293:, found in the same complex as the Narmer Palette at Hierakonpolis, also was made of this material.
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and A. Hoyt Hobbs have referred to the Narmer Palette as "The oldest Egyption historical record".
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used the Palette, and recent research into Sumerian trade routes, to create her historical novel
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The Archaeology of Early Egypt: Social Transformations in North-East Africa, 10,000 to 2,650 BC
180:, which must already have been formalized by the time of the Palette's creation. Egyptologists
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Ancient Records of Egypt: Historical Documents from the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest
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as one of the Egyptian objects that are present in Ozymandias's office. The Australian author
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The Palette, which has survived five millennia in almost perfect condition, was discovered by
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History of Art: A Survey of the Major Visual Arts from the Dawn of History to the Present Day
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511:) or indicating the region where he was from. Above the prisoner is a falcon, representing
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1958:(1989). "Communication and display: the integration of early Egyptian art and writing".
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2005:
1714:(3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: New York: Prentice-Hall; H.N. Abrams. p.
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inscriptions ever found. The tablet is thought by some to depict the unification of
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of Upper (southern) Egypt, and the other side depicts the king wearing the level
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328:. She was the patron deity of the seventh nome of Upper Egypt, and was also the
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Masking the Blow: The Scene of Representation in Late Prehistoric Egyptian Art
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1369:(2006). "Extraordinary Bodies and Binding Truths: Early Writing in Context".
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1431:. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. p. 30.
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553: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
370: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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A detail from the Narmer Palette, with the oldest known depiction of
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264:. The stone has often been wrongly identified, in the past, as being
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1780:(2000). "What a King Is This: Narmer and the Concept of the Ruler".
1756:. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. p. 148.
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308:. At the top of both sides is an identical royal insignia called a
256:(chisel) inside, being the phonetic representation of Narmer's name
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2339:(Spring 2004). "What is Really Known About the NARMER PALETTE?".
2016:. Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 98–100.
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722:, or the last stronghold of a Lower Egyptian dynasty based in
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The Narmer Palette is part of the permanent collection of the
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for creating such palettes and also was used as a source for
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The Ancient Egyptian State: The Origins of Egyptian Culture
2421:
In the Shadow of the Pyramids: Egypt during the Old Kingdom
809:
723:
1301:
1225:
1213:
1883:
1750:
Before the Pyramids: The Origins of Egyptian Civilization
1428:
Before the Pyramids: The Origins of Egyptian Civilization
272:. Slate is layered and prone to flaking, and schist is a
1690:
1614:
1449:– via Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures.
2609:"The Narmer Catalog: Complete Database of Inscriptions"
1582:
1132:
Shaw, Ian (2003). "Hierakonpolis (c. 3200–2600 B.C.)".
1014:
2608:
804:
novel, in which they attempt to find the tomb of king
1377:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p.
932:
919:
917:
1176:"The Emergence of the Egyptian State (c. 2300–2686)"
985:
Hierakonpolis, Part 1, Plates of discoveries in 1898
1081:(1990). "The Narmer Macehead and Related Objects".
2716:
2487:
2418:
2217:
2203:
1903:
1897:
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1701:
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1553:The Art of Ancient Egypt: A Resource for Educators
1370:
1270:
1180:
1174:
1133:
914:
1140:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p.
880:(6). Archaeological Institute of America: 50–56.
829:(another well-known Predynastic Egyptian palette)
718:, or recorded a recent military success over the
3014:
1639:(2nd ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin. p.
1556:. New York: Metropolitan Museum or Art. p.
1501:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
1499:(1991). "A Revised View of the Naʿrmr Palette".
1465:The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt
1083:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
748:The Narmer Palette is featured in the 2009 film
300:Early hieroglyphic symbols on the Narmer Palette
281:. This material was used extensively during the
1910:. New York: Harry N. Abrams. pp. 196–197.
1489:
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1361:
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860:
858:
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289:statuary. A statue of the 2nd dynasty pharaoh
201:, in what they called the Main Deposit in the
2702:
2494:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1892:
1816:
1628:"The Old Kingdon: Dynasty III 2780–2680 B.C."
1408:
1406:
1288:
1286:
164:, also found together in the main deposit at
2579:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2372:. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
2134:Ancient Egypt: Foundations of a Civilization
1746:
1696:
1620:
1356:
1020:
946:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p.
855:
2571:Narmer Palette in the Ancient Egypt article
2409:
2177:. The Great Courses. The Teaching Company.
1948:
1665:
1588:
1248:(audiobook). Chantilly: The Great Courses.
1187:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
1059:The Ancient Egypt Site – The Narmer Palette
972:
2709:
2695:
2220:The History of Ancient Egypt Lectures 1–24
1543:
1495:
1424:
1403:
1283:
1237:
1071:
938:
784:where the palette is fetched by a magical
466:of Lower Egypt, on this side he wears the
2215:
2094:
1938:
1860:
1776:
1635:The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt
1459:
1219:
923:
613:Learn how and when to remove this message
430:Learn how and when to remove this message
2565:
2453:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
2425:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
2295:Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilisation
2085:Ancient Egypt: A Very Short Introduction
2052:Ancient Egypt: A Very Short Introduction
2014:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
2004:
1822:
1231:
1166:
1125:
864:
662:
624:
489:
441:
295:
236:
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2335:
2173:(1999). "The First Nation in History".
1598:"History, Characteristics, & Facts"
1365:
978:
649:, whose name may be represented by the
487:beasts, are much more freely depicted.
3015:
2341:KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt
2258:
2131:
2060:10.1093/actrade/9780192854193.001.0001
1954:
1671:
1077:
2690:
2485:
2455:. New York: Oxford University Press.
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2228:
2169:
1549:
1243:
743:
686:) which borrow similar elements from
2461:10.1093/acref/9780195102345.001.0001
2289:
2046:
2022:10.1093/acref/9780195102345.001.0001
1412:
1292:
1172:
1131:
942:; Hobbs, A. Hoyt (1999). "Warfare".
551:adding citations to reliable sources
522:
368:adding citations to reliable sources
339:
3043:Archaeological discoveries in Egypt
2601:Development of hieroglyphic writing
2259:Grimal, Nicolas-Christophe (2007).
2054:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1782:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
1183:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
944:Daily life of the ancient Egyptians
774:". The Palette is also featured in
762:(2007). The Palette is featured in
704:
140:. It contains some of the earliest
13:
2625:
2125:
726:. More recently, scholars such as
14:
3074:
2517:
1672:Rogers, Leonard R. (2024-05-31).
1467:. New York: Thames & Hudson.
1272:"Great Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt"
822:List of ancient Egyptian palettes
3023:1890s archaeological discoveries
2779:
2588:
2558:
788:servant. In Ubisoft's 2017 game
527:
344:
33:Both sides of the Narmer Palette
27:
16:Egyptian archaeological artifact
2165:Partial preview at Google Books
1906:The dictionary of ancient Egypt
1740:
1246:Great Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt
538:needs additional citations for
355:needs additional citations for
2718:First Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
2593:Learning materials related to
1861:Hendrickx, Stan (2018-09-29).
1052:
232:
1:
2512:– via Internet Archive.
2443:– via Internet Archive.
1896:; Nicholson, Paul T. (1995).
1863:"Narmer Palette Bibliography"
1736:– via Internet Archive.
1700:; Janson, Anthony F. (1986).
1209:– via Internet Archive.
1162:– via Internet Archive.
1038:– via Internet Archive.
1000:– via Internet Archive.
848:
518:
335:
304:The Palette is carved in low
52:
2652:. 2019-02-28. Archived from
2548:Resources in other libraries
2370:A companion to ancient Egypt
2368:Lloyd, Alan B., ed. (2010).
2175:The History of Ancient Egypt
2008:(2001). "Hierakonpolis". In
1399:– via Intenet Archive.
7:
3033:Ancient Egyptian literature
2599:-Support (a "standard") in
2132:Brewer, Douglas J. (2014).
1068:accessed September 19, 2007
815:
695:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
126:Great Hierakonpolis Palette
10:
3079:
2669:"Narmer Palette, 3D Model"
2628:"Dawn of Egyptian Culture"
2585:(B) and Plate II. fig. 23.
2261:A history of ancient Egypt
2205:"History of Ancient Egypt"
1998:
1794:10.1177/030751330008600107
1621:Smith, William Stevenson;
1590:James, Thomas Garnet Henry
1316:The Global Egyptian Museum
1173:Bard, Katheryn A. (2002).
1048:HathiTrust Digital Library
1010:HathiTrust Digital Library
3038:Ancient Egyptian palettes
2962:
2914:
2898:
2867:
2809:
2788:
2777:
2724:
2543:Resources in your library
2486:Wenke, Robert J. (2009).
2267:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
1972:10.1017/S0003598X00076444
1578:– via Google Books.
477:canon of body proportions
110:
96:
82:
70:
62:
48:
38:
26:
21:
791:Assassin's Creed Origins
772:The temple of El Alamein
218:statues of the deities.
3028:4th-millennium BC works
2595:R12: Insignia-Carrier,
2576:Encyclopædia Britannica
1850:– via HathiTrust.
1678:Encyclopedia Britannica
1602:Encyclopedia Britannica
1136:Exploring Ancient Egypt
1024:; Green, F. W. (1902).
635:hierarchical proportion
1698:Janson, Horst Woldemar
1623:Simpson, William Kelly
1179:. In Shaw, Ian (ed.).
680:confronting each other
672:
630:
629:Narmer Palette (verso)
496:
447:
446:Narmer Palette (recto)
301:
257:
2378:10.1002/9781444320053
2303:10.4324/9780203468821
2297:. London: Routledge.
2142:10.4324/9781315835679
2102:. London: Routledge.
1824:Breasted, James Henry
1778:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
1550:Watts, Edith (1998).
1497:Fairservis, Walter A.
1461:Wilkinson, Richard H.
1043:Hierakonpolis, Part 2
1027:Hierakonpolis, Part 2
1022:Quibell, James Edward
1005:Hierakonpolis, Part 1
990:W. M. Flinders Petrie
980:Quibell, James Edward
666:
628:
493:
445:
299:
240:
2934:Den seal impressions
2646:"The Narmer Palette"
2236:. Oxford: Berkeley.
2224:. The Great Courses.
2100:Early Dynastic Egypt
1030:. London: Quaritch.
992:. London: Quaritch.
645:. Behind him is his
547:improve this article
364:improve this article
178:Ancient Egyptian art
124:, also known as the
66:3200–3000 BC (circa)
2999:30.0478°N 31.2333°E
2995: /
2082:Partial preview at
1244:Brier, Bob (2005).
1079:Millet, Nicholas B.
777:The Kane Chronicles
684:Gebel el-Arak Knife
481:Alexander the Great
283:pre-dynastic period
132:, is a significant
2449:Redford, Donald B.
2216:Bob Brier (1999).
2010:Redford, Donald B.
1234:, pp. 98–100.
1064:2006-06-15 at the
870:"City of the Hawk"
744:In popular culture
673:
631:
497:
448:
302:
258:
199:Frederick W. Green
91:Frederick W. Green
2978:
2977:
2524:Library resources
2501:978-0-521-57377-1
2470:978-0-19-510234-5
2432:978-0-8061-2027-0
2387:978-1-4443-2005-3
2312:978-1-134-56389-0
2274:978-0-631-17472-1
2243:978-0-585-29935-8
2210:The Great Courses
2184:978-1-56585-574-8
2151:978-1-315-83567-9
2109:978-0-203-02438-6
2069:978-0-19-151813-3
2031:978-0-19-510234-5
1917:978-0-8109-3225-8
1839:978-0-8370-1660-3
1763:978-1-885923-82-0
1725:978-0-13-389321-2
1650:978-0-14-056014-5
1567:978-0-87099-853-9
1474:978-0-500-05120-7
1438:978-1-885923-82-0
1388:978-0-521-83586-2
1277:The Great Courses
1255:978-1-68276-439-8
1222:, pp. 36–41.
1198:978-0-19-280293-4
1151:978-0-19-511678-6
957:978-0-313-00742-2
623:
622:
615:
597:
440:
439:
432:
414:
158:Scorpion Macehead
156:. Along with the
138:cosmetic palettes
130:Palette of Narmer
118:
117:
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3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:30.0478; 31.2333
3000:
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2944:MacGregor plaque
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2337:Kinnaer, Jacques
2324:
2286:
2263:. Translated by
2255:
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2207:
2200:
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2121:
2081:
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1992:
1991:
1966:(240): 471–482.
1952:
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1880:
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1872:. Archived from
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1594:Dorman, Peter F.
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1312:"Catalog record"
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1002:Also available:
1001:
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862:
770:'s short story "
768:Yukinobu Hoshino
705:Scholarly debate
618:
611:
607:
604:
598:
596:
562:"Narmer Palette"
555:
531:
523:
435:
428:
424:
421:
415:
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379:"Narmer Palette"
372:
348:
340:
274:metamorphic rock
195:James E. Quibell
162:Narmer Maceheads
97:Present location
57:
54:
31:
19:
18:
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3048:Egyptian Museum
3013:
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2650:reshafim.org.il
2644:
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2626:Vendel, Ottar.
2617:
2615:
2607:
2583:The Early Kings
2569:, ed. (1911). "
2559:
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2401:Partial preview
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2326:Partial preview
2313:
2275:
2244:
2214:Transcript for
2202:
2185:
2152:
2128:
2126:Further reading
2110:
2096:Wilkinson, Toby
2070:
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2006:Friedman, Renée
2001:
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714:by the king of
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223:Egyptian Museum
203:Temple of Horus
152:under the king
101:Egyptian Museum
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2605:
2604:at Wikiversity
2586:
2567:Chisholm, Hugh
2551:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2529:Narmer Palette
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:External links
2516:
2515:
2514:
2500:
2483:
2469:
2451:, ed. (2001).
2445:
2431:
2415:Forman, Werner
2411:Málek, Jaromír
2407:
2386:
2365:
2333:
2311:
2291:Kemp, Barry J.
2287:
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2256:
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2230:Davis, Whitney
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1993:
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1939:Wilkinson 1999
1931:
1916:
1882:
1879:on 2021-04-27.
1853:
1838:
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1769:
1762:
1739:
1724:
1703:"Egyptian Art"
1689:
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1649:
1613:
1596:(2023-11-15).
1581:
1566:
1542:
1488:
1473:
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1402:
1387:
1367:Wengrow, David
1355:
1338:Narmer Catalog
1327:
1300:
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1254:
1236:
1224:
1220:Wilkinson 1999
1212:
1197:
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827:Libyan Palette
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801:The Third Gate
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437:
352:
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320:(catfish) and
252:(catfish) and
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122:Narmer Palette
116:
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111:Identification
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2656:on 2019-04-05
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2136:. Routledge.
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1232:Friedman 2001
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854:
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839:civilisation)
838:
834:
831:
828:
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819:
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811:
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802:
797:
796:Lincoln Child
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773:
769:
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756:Jackie French
753:
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732:Whitney Davis
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713:
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698:
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693:, suggesting
692:
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647:sandal-bearer
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614:
606:
595:
592:
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581:
578:
574:
571:
567:
564: –
563:
559:
558:Find sources:
552:
548:
542:
541:
536:This section
534:
530:
525:
524:
516:
514:
510:
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502:
492:
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431:
423:
412:
409:
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402:
398:
395:
391:
388:
384:
381: –
380:
376:
375:Find sources:
369:
365:
359:
358:
353:This section
351:
347:
342:
341:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
298:
294:
292:
288:
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279:Wadi Hammamat
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192:archeologists
190:
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135:
131:
127:
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113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
87:James Quibell
85:
83:Discovered by
81:
78:
77:Hierakonpolis
73:
69:
65:
61:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2980:
2939:Abydos boats
2899:Other people
2836:
2677:. Retrieved
2675:. 2021-02-13
2672:
2658:. Retrieved
2654:the original
2649:
2635:. Retrieved
2631:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:
2600:
2596:
2582:
2574:
2538:Online books
2528:
2489:
2452:
2420:
2405:Google Books
2369:
2344:
2340:
2330:Google Books
2294:
2260:
2233:
2219:
2209:
2174:
2133:
2099:
2090:Google Books
2083:
2051:
2013:
1963:
1959:
1956:Baines, John
1950:
1934:
1905:
1874:the original
1869:
1856:
1828:
1818:
1788:(1): 23–32.
1785:
1781:
1772:
1749:
1742:
1709:
1692:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1667:
1634:
1616:
1605:. Retrieved
1601:
1584:
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688:Mesopotamian
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545:Please help
540:verification
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362:Please help
357:verification
354:
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249:
244:bearing the
220:
186:
142:hieroglyphic
129:
125:
121:
119:
56: 64 cm
3002: /
1674:"Sculpture"
988:. notes by
874:Archaeology
843:Kish tablet
740:disorder".
737:John Baines
716:Upper Egypt
712:Lower Egypt
691:iconography
468:White Crown
330:deification
291:Khasekhemwy
287:Old Kingdom
233:Description
211:Upper Egypt
170:White Crown
150:Lower Egypt
3017:Categories
2990:31°14′00″E
2987:30°02′52″N
2854:Seshemetka
2832:Nakhtneith
2796:Neithhotep
2679:2024-07-08
2660:2024-07-08
2637:2024-07-08
2618:2024-07-08
2613:narmer.org
2510:1391177023
2441:1280873316
2283:1291931363
2201:See also:
2197:1341882159
2193:1035095044
2171:Brier, Bob
1988:5974690238
1941:, p.
1870:narmer.org
1683:2024-06-30
1607:2024-06-28
1537:5543627188
1483:1085905646
1397:1391158525
1349:2024-06-24
1344:narmer.org
1321:2024-06-24
1295:, p.
1268:See also:
1264:1100776195
1207:1342143615
1119:5543621798
940:Brier, Bob
926:, p.
907:2024-06-23
902:9973955462
849:References
833:Warka Vase
677:serpopards
669:vexilloids
603:April 2022
573:newspapers
519:Verso side
420:April 2022
390:newspapers
336:Recto side
71:Discovered
2948:Mastabas
2917:monuments
2868:Officials
2766:Semerkhet
2673:Sketchfab
2479:967267800
2396:676971871
2361:193808645
2353:1053-0827
2321:191793662
2265:Shaw, Ian
2160:879429816
2078:252626237
2048:Shaw, Ian
2040:967267800
1980:0003-598X
1960:Antiquity
1894:Shaw, Ian
1848:603752726
1802:0307-5133
1734:903471368
1659:644962718
1576:858928540
1521:0065-9991
1447:827469220
1413:Shaw 2004
1293:Shaw 2004
1160:252641623
1103:0065-9991
1089:: 53–59.
998:312741135
886:0003-8113
639:Red Crown
485:serpopard
475:Egyptian
464:Red Crown
262:greywacke
182:Bob Brier
174:Red Crown
74:1897–1898
43:Siltstone
2906:Ahaneith
2849:Serethor
2838:Khenthap
2822:Herneith
2801:Merneith
2725:Pharaohs
2417:(1986).
2293:(2006).
2252:45731333
2232:(1992).
2118:51717880
2098:(1999).
2050:(2004).
1926:32589549
1899:"Narmer"
1826:(1906).
1625:(1981).
1529:40000569
1507:: 1–20.
1463:(2003).
1111:40000073
1062:Archived
1036:42287739
982:(1900).
966:52315179
894:41779225
868:(2003).
837:Sumerian
816:See also
786:shawabti
751:Watchmen
316:symbols
248:symbols
215:Palettes
160:and the
134:Egyptian
114:CG 14716
39:Material
3063:War art
2963:Capital
2890:Meriiti
2859:Betrest
2827:Penebui
2817:Benerib
2789:Regents
2761:Anedjib
2741:Hor-Aha
2632:nemo.nu
2012:(ed.).
1999:Sources
1810:3822303
1046:at the
1008:at the
808:in the
766:artist
760:Pharaoh
720:Libyans
651:rosette
587:scholar
404:scholar
242:Serekhs
189:British
128:or the
63:Created
58:× 42 cm
3058:Narmer
2970:Thinis
2880:Hemaka
2736:Narmer
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310:serekh
306:relief
270:schist
207:Nekhen
166:Nekhen
154:Narmer
3053:Horus
2954:S3504
2950:S3503
2885:Sabef
2844:Semat
2732:Menes
2347:(1).
1877:(PDF)
1866:(PDF)
1806:JSTOR
1754:(PDF)
1525:JSTOR
1336:"The
1107:JSTOR
890:JSTOR
764:manga
658:Tshet
594:JSTOR
580:books
513:Horus
495:bull.
472:torso
411:JSTOR
397:books
314:rebus
266:slate
246:rebus
227:Cairo
146:Upper
105:Cairo
2952:and
2875:Amka
2771:Qa'a
2751:Djet
2746:Djer
2506:OCLC
2496:ISBN
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2465:ISBN
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882:ISSN
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120:The
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