Natal Government Railways

2223:

return to Durban lasted 5 hours and 45 minutes with an average speed of 19.6 km/h (12.2 mph). A first-class return ticket at first cost £29 9p, a second-class one £17 6p. In 1903, the cost was still around the same - £26 8p first-class and £17 9p second-class. A first-class ticket to Johannesburg cost £9-5-6 (R18.55) with its second-class equivalent priced at £6-14-0. According to the NGR handbook, there was no official racial discrimination. Harrison and Ingram, editors of the handbook, wrote of the service that it "caters for the requirements of first, second, and third class travellers, although the latter class is almost entirely monopolised by the coloured community." However,

25: 2284:. The settlers experimented with several varieties. Commercial cultivation of sugarcane began in 1850 with the tilling of 20 ha (49 acres). By 1859, 1,664 ha (4,110 acres) were under cultivation. Between 1854 and 1858, before the first railway was built, Natal exported on average 41 tons of sugar a year. Between 1859 and 1863 (when the NRC's first line was built), the annual output grew 25-fold to 1,103 tons. Between 1884 and 1888, after the North Coast and South Coast Lines were built, the annual export multiplied tenfold to 11,370 tons. 186: 117: 2354:. Irrigation was set up near Winterton and Weenen. New railway was built at the same time by the Natal government, including the Bo-Tugela Line connecting Winterton to the main line and the narrow-gauge Weenen and Mid-Illovo Lines doing the same for those villages. Another narrow-gauge track, the 122.2 km (75.9 mi) Alfred County Line, was authorized to connect 2358:

with the South Coast Line, built in two sections: the first went 39.2 km (24.4 mi) from Port Shepstone to Paddock and was ordered by the Natal government in 1909 (finished in 1911), the second 83 km (52 mi) the rest of the way ordered by the government of the Union of South Africa

2332:

in the 1860s. Initially, it was planted as a shade tree on farms, but George Sutton recognized its commercial growth potential in 1876. Wattle bark was first exported to England in 1886, and the 10 tons exported the following year fetched a good price. By 1910, 60,000 km (23,000 sq mi)

2222:

NRC passenger services were taken over by the NGR in 1877. From 1 December 1880, onward, the NGR offered travel once a day between Durban and Pietermaritzburg. The journey from Durban to Pietermaritzburg lasted 6 hours and 14 minutes with an average speed of 18.1 km/h (11.2 mph), while the

2336:

This growth was made possible by the construction of rail lines to the planted areas, especially the 104 km (65 mi) Greytown Line (built 1899-1900) and the 172 km (107 mi) Natal-Cape Line (built 1904-1909). These railways brought the majority of the wattle crop to the main Natal

505:

was operational, and on 1 December 1880, the entire line from Durban to Pietermaritzburg went online. Although the towns were 70 km (43 mi) apart, the railway stretched for 113 km (70 mi). The line climbed from sea level to Richmond Road (931 m above sea level) and then declined

2230:

From 1881 to 1889, the NGR averaged 400,000 passengers a year. With the opening of the line to the border of the ZAR, the figure rose to 600,000, and the opening of the line from Durban to the Rand drove numbers to almost 1.2 million. After the Second Boer War, around 2.5 to 3 million passengers a

2037:

The NGR was one of the Natal government's largest investments - around 30% of the Colony's debt was run up to build the lines, but between 1880 and 1910, the railways' income contributed 40-50% of the colonial government's revenues. The greatest driver of this growth was the extension of the rail

1274:

locomotive, giving it more horsepower. In honor of G.W. Reid, the locomotive was called the "Reid locomotive." Between 1899 and 1903, 101 of these locomotives were ordered. Derailment issues with the Reid "ten-wheelers" were eventually solved by removing the rear drive wheels from the locomotive,

631:

was finished. That line went into service on 1 January 1895. By the terms of an agreement made on 3 February 1894 between the SAR government and NGR, the NGR was to build a 250 km (160 mi) link from the Natal-ZAR border to NZASM network. The first half, of 210 km (130 mi) from

2456:

Between 31 May 1910, and 31 December 1911, the NGR opened an 87.3 km (54.2 mi) rail line (83.4 km (51.8 mi) of it narrow-gauge). Construction of this line was completed by the Natal government in 1906. In 1912, D.A. Hendrie, chief engineer of the NGR, became chief engineer of

698:

with a new Cape gauge track in 1877. In 1878, the 26 km (16 mi) extension of the North Coast Line to Verulam opened. The South Coast Line began near the Rossburgh station, a depot around 7 km (4.3 mi) from Durban. In 1880, the 10 km (6.2 mi) line to Isipingo opened.

2307:

The expansion of the railways fostered immense growth in the Natal coal industry. In 1889, production came to 25,609 tons, but by 1909 it had reached 1,669,583 tons. In 1908, the largest users of coal were the ships that carried 800,000 tons of coal a year out of Durban. The railway itself used

564:

One of the original purposes of the Pietermaritzburg-Ladysmith line was to serve the diamond mines in Griqualand West. The same year the line reached Ladysmith, gold was discovered in the Witwatersrand, and therefore in 1889, it was decided to extend the line from Newcastle to the border of the

1322:

In 1905, NGR classified its locomotives as classes "A" to "I," "K," and "N." "K" was reserved for various locomotives that did not fit into the other classes, and "N" was reserved for all narrow-gauge (610 mm) locomotives. The following year, the letter "L" was assigned to the locomotives

2425:, and for two months they kept hold of the northern portion of the railway. During that time, Paul Kruger took a train ride to encourage Boer soldiers in Glencoe. When the Boers retreated, they damaged many bridges and tunnels, especially the bridge over the Tugela and the Laing's Nek tunnel. 2349:

available for purchase by farmers at favorable rates. The legislation was geared toward promoting agriculture for food self-sufficiency in the colony as well as to grow crops for export, particularly to the Rand. Farming towns were established, among other areas, around Weenen, Winterton, and

611:

and Natal to connect the Witwatersrand with the coast. Before the line from Ladysmith to Newcastle was completed, an agreement was signed between the governments of Natal and the ZAR to extend the line from Newcastle to the Rand. The line reached Newcastle on 15 May 1890, and was immediately

522:

had mined coal on a small scale, the North Natal coal rush began in earnest when Frederick Noord published his report in 1881. A report by the British Empire (1871) reported that it cost twice as much to transport coal 40 miles (64 km) by wagon to Durban as it did to ship it 7,000 miles

636:, opened 27 April 1895; the second opened on 15 November 1895. On 1 December 1895, the 4 km (2.5 mi) branch line between the border and Charlestown opened, followed on 15 December by the 41 km (25 mi) branch from Heidelberg to Union Junction, 9 km (5.6 mi) from 539:

in 1881 with a branch line connecting Natal to the diamond fields through the Drakensberg. After the line reached Ladysmith in 1886, service northward from Pietermaritzburg began. The distance from Pietermaritzburg to Ladysmith is 182 km (113 mi), and the line ranges 922 m

2251:

trees shipped to the Witwatersrand mines, grew by leaps and bounds. Between 1970 and 1909, the amount of cultivated land increased dramatically. In 1870, 736 km (284 sq mi) of land were cultivated, but in 1891 1,580 km (610 sq mi), of which 343 km

2299:

In 1889, the line from Ladysmith to Newcastle was completed, and a private branch line was built from Glencoe to Dundee. In 1889, the Dundee Coal Company was founded with the NGR as its biggest customer. At the same time, another mine was established near the railway in

739:

was merged with the Colony of Natal in 1897, the Natal-Zululand Company continued to own the North Coast Line from Verulam northward, having leased the line to the NGR. On 18 July 1902, the first 71 km (44 mi) line opened, going from the Tugela River by way of

555:

Once the line from Ladysmith to Newcastle (127 km (79 mi)) was completed in 1889, coal could finally be transported economically from North Natal to the coast. A branch line (10 km (6.2 mi)) was also built from Glencoe to the coal mine in Dundee.

2390:

In the two months before the outbreak of the Second Boer War, 10,000 British soldiers arrived in Durban to reinforce the 2,000 already there. They were deployed by train to Ladysmith and Dundee. The war broke out on 12 October 1899, and on 30 October (after the

702:

The branch line from Glencoe to Dundee was the only one built in Natal before the colony attained self-government in 1893. Between then and the outbreak of the Second Boer War, the South Coast Line was extended 44 km (27 mi) from Isipingo to

2379:(1881). In both cases, they made the rest of their journey to the battlefield by horse or by wagon. One of the key goals of Natal during the Second Boer War (1899-1902) was control over the rail line between Durban and the ZAR and Orange Free State. 752:

to near the coal mine in Somkhele. The coal mined there was poor-quality and the mine was never profitable, so the line ran a deficit of £48,917 during its first year of operation. In April 1904, the government of Natal bought the line for £725,000.

2448:

On 31 May 1910, the Union of South Africa was founded. One of the main controversies leading up to Union was the ownership and operation of the railways. Natal voters feared that if Natal did not join the Union, Durban-based trade would shift to

2453:. Natal thus supported unification. On 1 January 1912, the Natal Government Railways, Cape Government Railways, and Central South African Railways merged with the ports of various cities to form South African Railways and Harbours (SARH). 715:

sugar company extended the North Coast Line 88 km (55 mi) from Verulam to the southern bank of the Tugela River. On 25 October 1899, 13 days after the beginning of the Second Boer War, the first 48 km (30 mi) of the

2436:

to counter these techniques. Blockhouses were built along three NGR lines - the line between Van Reenen and Harrismith (in Free State territory), the line between Glencoe and Utrecht, and the line between Newcastle and the ZAR border.

2304:(25 km (16 mi) north of Ladysmith). In 1898, the first coal was mined in Vryheid, but the city had to wait until 1906 for the line to arrive. In 1908, the line reached Hlobane, and its mine was opened the following year. 1282:

In the 1900s, the NGR began experimenting with tender locomotives. They were especially useful on the plains of northern Natal, the northern and southern coast, the Orange River Colony between Harrismith and Kroonstad, and in the

1245:

1886 was an erratic year for the NGR. The opening of the Durban-Ladysmith line and the discovery of gold that year helped the NGR become a profitable company. New locomotives had to be ordered to serve the new line. A single

648:

When the NGR was founded in 1875, it was authorized to build a 32 km (20 mi) line from Durban to Verulam along the northern coast and a 17 km (11 mi) line from Durban to Isipingo along the southern coast.

612:

continued on to Charlestown, the last town in Natal before the ZAR border. The line, which climbed 452 km (281 mi) over the 57 km (35 mi) from Newcastle to Charlestown, was formally opened by President

772:. In 1888, the Nieuwe Republiek was absorbed into the ZAR, and in 1902 it was annexed by the British and combined with the Natal colony. The area is rich in coal. In April 1901, the Glencoe-Dundee branch line reached the 2308:

250,000 tons, and other local users consumed 150,000 tons. By then, the export trade had developed significantly - in 1908, 446,915 tons of coal were shipped out of Natal, either overseas or to neighboring states.

1291:, and in 1909, 30 4-8-2 "Henrie D" locomotives were purchased from the same manufacturer (David Anderson Hendrie was the locomotive engineer of the NGR). In 1909, the NGR diversified further with the purchase of 6 2382:

Until 1899, the British had no experience with maintaining rail service in a war zone, especially in terms of the relationship between military planners and civilian railway personnel. If, in October 1899, the

1230:. The first five were wood-fueled, but the last two used coal - the difference visible in the type of funnel. With the opening of the Durban-Pietermaritzburg line and the decision to extend it to Ladysmith, 37 276:

The core line connected Durban to the Witwatersrand and was completed in 1895. There were also lines on the northern and southern coasts. The Orange Free State (OVS) line went over the Drakensberg, connecting

756:

Between 1904 and 1909, a 110 km (68 mi) link between the Natal portion of the NGR and the CGR lines in the Cape was built through Griqualand West. The line reached Riverside but was never finished.

1265:

locomotive was designed by George William Reid, Locomotive Superintendent of the NGR, to achieve this task. To conquer the sharp switchbacks of the NGR, the front and rear wheels of the locomotive lacked

2252:(132 sq mi) was owned by whites, were being farmed, and in 1909 that number rose to 4,020 km (1,550 sq mi), of which 2,190 km (850 sq mi) was owned by whites. 2399:. During October, November, and December 1899, the NGR sent 43,296 soldiers, 11,479 animals, 96 cannons, and 377 vehicles together with 19,499 tons of supplies from the coast to the battlefields. 2457:

SARH. He continued experimenting with Mallet locomotives. In 1919, the first Garratt steam locomotive went into service on the former NGR railways, and the main line began electrifying in 1923.

576:, construction began on the line from Ladysmith to Harrismith. The line reached Van Reenen's Pass in 1891, and on 13 July 1892, service from Ladysmith to Harrismith was formally opened by the 2320:

is one of the main crops of the so-called "mistbelt forest" of Natal, a region lying between 1,000–1,500 m (3,300–4,900 ft) above sea level. The bark of the wattle was used to make

2296:

used local coal to fuel their campfires. In 1860, the Talana Colliery opened on Coalfields farm near the town of Dundee. Thomas Paterson Smith used this coal to manufacture his own bricks.

707:, a 10 km (6.2 mi) branch line was built along the southern border from the port of Clairwood to Wests, and a 27 km (17 mi) branch was built from Thornville Junction to 842:. The trade-off was that locomotives did not run as efficiently on them and therefore less could be hauled. The first narrow-gauge rail line in rural Natal, the 46 km (29 mi) 300:

was the only branch line of the NGR, but when NGR was merged into the broader South African railway network on 1 January 1912, the branch lines occupied 40% of the NGR rail network.

717: 728:, the last 57 km (35 mi) from New Hanover to Greytown were completed. During the war, the South Coast Line was extended to North Shepstone on the northern bank of the 1250:

tank and tender locomotive was built by the NGR in Durban and began service in 1888. The locomotive was the first steam locomotive built in South Africa. At the same time, 100

862:(Esperanza, the terminus of a branch off the South Coast Line). The 44 km (27 mi) line between Umlaasweg and Mid-Illovo and the 39 km (24 mi) line from 462:

was already proposed in 1862, but it was not surveyed until 1873. Under Natal Law 4 of 1875, Natal Government Railways (NGR) was authorized to build three lines from the

847: 592:

and Harrismith the line drops 60 m (200 ft)), but in Natal the line climbed 670 m (2,200 ft) over the course of 59 km (37 mi). Three

494:

was used. Afterwards, the old NRC lines were replaced by ones with the new gauge. The building of the new line between The Point and Umgeni began on 11 May 1878.

3504: 2410:

terminus of the British section of the line. The British sent armored trains toward the Tugela to support their scouts. One of the trains was attacked by a

4057: 490:

The line to Pietermaritzburg ran through hills that would have made the 4' 8 1⁄2" NRC gauge prohibitively expensive. Therefore, the 3' 6" (1067 mm)

4042: 265: 4052: 855: 54: 4062: 1303:

and the Drakensberg. After 1912, South African Railways bought more Mallet-type locomotives, but after 1920, they were replaced by steam-powered

712: 4047: 3846:"A brief history of transport infrastructure in South Africa up to the end of the 20th century: Chapter 2: Early days of railways and harbours" 2018:. The NGR operated at a loss during its early years, but after the Second Boer War, the NGR made around half of the Natal government's income. 3889: 1242:

locomotives. In 1979 (a century later), one of the Kitson locomotives (NGR no. 13) was still in operation near the Rosherville power station.

776:- earlier the border of the Nieuwe Republiek. From 1901 to 1909, the branch line was extended 98 km (61 mi) through Vryheid to near 3845: 624: 821:

In 1899, Hullett & Co. obtained permission from the Natal government to build a private 13 km (8.1 mi) narrow-gauge line from

2227:, as a young lawyer, was thrown off a first-class car in Pietermaritzburg in 1892 on account of his race, the turning point of his life. 1311:. Between 1907 and 1911, 287 km (178 mi) of narrow-gauge lines were reopened - 151 km (94 mi) between Donnybrook and 3635: 3569: 588:, the entire length of the line (96 km (60 mi)) was the property of the NGR. The Free State portion was largely flat (between 70: 510:

between the two cities. The current line between the two, by contrast, is 106 km (66 mi) long and goes through 15 tunnels.

3410: 3380: 3350: 3320: 3290: 3260: 3230: 3200: 3170: 3140: 3110: 3080: 581: 3470: 3440: 2247:

and the Rand made up one of the leading uses of the NGR. Around the same time, the transport of agricultural products, especially

1374: 2774:"Statement No. 19 – Statement Showing, in Chronological Order, the Date of Opening and the Mileage of Each Section of Railway". 3914: 3618: 3034: 2958: 285:

by its completion in 1906. Although more than 80% of the railway was in the OVS, it was built under the auspices of the NGR.

2466: 604:. Between 1903 and 1906, the 255 km (158 mi) link between Harrismith and Kroonstad was opened in several stages. 2989: 1258:. The locomotives came into service between 1888 and 1899. During the 1890s, these locomotives were the NGR's workhorses. 3828: 2387:

had destroyed the Laing's nek tunnel, for instance, the course of the Natal campaign would have gone quite differently.

2812:

Pretoriana – Tydskrif van die Pretoriase Historiese Vereniging (Genootskap Ou-Pretoria) (91 (NZASM-Herdenkingsuitgawe))

828:

In 1904, there were also narrow-gauge railways built in the Natal countryside. Narrow-gauge railways were cheaper than

3956: 3515: 2667: 825:

in the tea plantations to the Kearsney tea factory. The line opened to both freight and passengers on 13 March 1901.

94: 1708: 1288: 46: 2929: 2789: 2328:

industry. The wattle wood was also used for mine pillars on the Rand. The first wattle seeds were imported from

796:

and elsewhere, such lines were more financially viable in hilly terrain. Such lines included, for instance, the

2486: 1324: 797: 501:

at 1:30. Construction began on 1 January 1876. On 4 September 1878, the 27 km (17 mi) from Durban to

261: 3690: 3665: 3505:"Cecil Rhodes, James Sivewright, and Paul Kruger: The Nature of Railway Diplomacy in South Africa, 1890–1892"" 3051: 2899: 506:

to Pietermaritzburg (633 m above sea level). The line followed the contours of the land and there was not one

3806: 3636:"The Early Days of the Natal Sugar Industry with special reference to the introduction of varieties" in 1948" 2481: 2476: 773: 4002: 497:

The contract with the railway builders specified the minimum radius at 300 feet (91 m) and the maximum

59: 2471: 1970: 839: 815: 127: 2552: 2402:

The Boer forces, with the help of NZASM engineers, took control of the NGR line north of Ladysmith with a

2575: 2528: 1854: 1416: 1296: 1261:

In the last years of the 19th century, traffic grew on the NGR, requiring more powerful locomotives. The

1227: 3573:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 252–265, see page 255, third para. 2830:

Martin, Bruno (1980). "The Opening of the Railway between Durban and Pietermaritzburg – 100 Years Ago".

2440:

Despite the war, the NGR expansion program continued all the while, especially on the South Coast Line.

2243:

and coal were the most important goods. After the discovery of gold, consumer goods carried between the

3974:

Archaeological Site Report, Anglo-Boer War blockhouse, Wellington District, Site reference 9/2/106/0003

3891:

The Times History of the South African War. vol. IV. Part II, Chapter III – The railway work in the war

721: 577: 237: 2368: 2001: 1300: 1287:

from Volksrust to the Witwatersrand. In 1904, 50 4-8-0 "Hendrie B" locomotives were ordered from the

851: 467: 2406:

terminus at Modderfontein (10 km (6.2 mi) north of Ladysmith), while Estcourt became the

2014:

The NGR offered both passenger and freight service and also delivered letters and packages for the

1620: 1042: 829: 681: 536: 532: 491: 278: 257: 217: 4027: 3856: 3541: 1986: 1955: 1926: 1898: 1870: 708: 50: 2355: 1473: 1299:. The Mallet locomotive was an articulated locomotive that could handle the sharp turns of the 781: 695: 597: 566: 475: 289: 241: 212:

and from Durban to Umgeni. This move, inspired in part by the neighbouring Cape Prime Minister

189:

Railway network of Natal in 1910, immediately before the formation of the Union of South Africa

177: 2351: 1163: 867: 297: 253: 205: 2686: 572:

On 7 November 1889, after an agreement was reached between the governments of Natal and the

3762: 3720: 2557: 2260:

One of the main purposes of the line from Durban to The Point was to carry sugar. Although

1678: 1561: 1489: 1312: 843: 792:

During the 19th century, a number of narrow-gauge lines were built in the mountains. As in

765: 2990:"Book Reviews and Notices: The Natal Main Line Story by Heine Heydenrych and Bruno Martin" 2239:

Initially, NGR trains carried both freight and passengers. In the early years of the NGR,

1532: 1255: 8: 3946: 2733: 2392: 1577: 1548: 1460: 1387: 1308: 1235: 1214:

to replace locomotives from the NRC (1435 mm track). The locomotives were named the

633: 585: 35: 3766: 3747: 3724: 3593: 3512:

Pretoriana – Tydskrif van die Pretoriase Historiese Vereniging (Genootskap Oud-Pretoria)

3418: 3388: 3358: 3328: 3298: 3268: 3238: 3208: 3178: 3148: 3118: 3088: 1211: 478:. The Natal colonial government paid for the lines with a £1.2 million loan obtained in 248:

in 1895. Other important lines were the one linking with the Orange Free State reaching

3478: 3448: 3026: 2396: 1694: 1664: 1606: 1517: 1432: 1403: 1304: 1292: 807: 39: 3952: 3910: 3614: 3559: 3030: 2663: 2611: 2429: 2415: 2293: 1839: 1810: 1782: 1753: 1724: 1636: 593: 573: 541: 225: 74: 596:

were made to overcome the harsh terrain of the Drakensberg. Harrismith remained the

288:

Until Natal gained autonomy in 1893, the 10 km (6.2 mi) long railway from

256:

was formed and in 1912 the NGR combined with the other colonies' railway companies (

3778: 3770: 3732: 3728: 1284: 761: 463: 459: 63: 2966: 2395:, half the British forces retreated south of the Tugela while the other half were 2317: 745: 729: 601: 528: 198: 3595:

Natal: An Illustrated Official Railway Guide and Handbook of General Information

3774: 2845: 2376: 2372: 2276:, they did not grow it. In 1847, 40,000 sugarcane seedlings were imported from 2244: 2224: 863: 676: 652:

At the time, there was already a line from Durban to Umgeni, but it was in the

617: 466:: one of 78 miles (126 km) from Durban to Pietermaritzburg, one along the 3948:

The memoirs of Paul Kruger, four times President of the South African Republic

748:. The following year, the line was extended 89 km (55 mi) by way of 220:, was intended to drive the extension of Natal's railways inland, towards the 4036: 3564: 2640:

Guest, WR (1988). "Commercial Coal-mining in Natal: A Centennial Appraisal".

2411: 2269: 1271: 616:

of the ZAR and the Governor of Natal on 7 April 1891. Where the line crosses

245: 137: 3411:"2ft 0in SAR Unclassed NG1 & NG2 Hunslet Tank Locomotive Specifications" 2508:. London: Oxford University Press. 1956. Chapter 19, The Makers of Railways. 2384: 2301: 2039: 784:

was connected with the main line by a 42 km (26 mi) branch line.

736: 735:

In 1896, JL Hullett & Sons bought the Natal-Zululand Company. Although

549: 213: 185: 3711:

Scott, Peter (1951). "The Development of the Northern Natal Coalfields".

2422: 2273: 2026: 2015: 846:, opened in April 1907. The following year, the 151 km (94 mi) 613: 608: 519: 221: 252:

in 1892, as well as the North Coast and South Coast lines. In 1910, the

3833:(2nd (1st pub. 1955) ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 87. 2530:

The Colony of Natal: An Official Illustrated Handbook and Railway Guide

2450: 2433: 2346: 2022: 1207: 704: 691: 628: 589: 249: 229: 3783: 2576:

http://www.spoornet.co.za/SpoornetWebContentSAP/html/about/history.htm

2333:

were planted with the tree, and 24,000 tons were harvested that year.

2281: 548:(1,570 m (5,150 ft) above sea level) to the bridge over the 2329: 2277: 2261: 822: 749: 741: 637: 293: 282: 233: 3023:

Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 1: 1859–1910

4010: 3381:"3ft 6in SAR Class MB Mallet Articulated Locomotive Specifications" 3351:"3ft 6in SAR Class MA Mallet Articulated Locomotive Specifications" 2662:. Oxford, New York: George Routledge & Sons. pp. 215–217. 2627: 725: 545: 523:(11,000 km) to London. This, together with the opening of the 502: 498: 471: 2658:

Knowles, Lilian Charlotte Anne; Knowles, Charles Matthew (1936).

2421:

After Ladysmith was relieved, the Boer armies retreated over the

2325: 2292:

In 1840, the members of the Beeskommando under the leadership of

859: 777: 769: 524: 623:

For political reasons, the rail line was not connected with the

4028:

https://openlibrary.org/b/OL21706961M/Natal-Government-Railways

3976:. South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS). 2660:

The Economic Development of the British Overseas Empire, Vol. 3

2428:

The hallmark of the last phase of the war was the Boer forces'

2321: 2248: 1267: 1262: 1023: 507: 479: 209: 2414:

unit near Chievely, in the same raid in which then-journalist

2630:, the final route became a bit shorter than the proposed one. 2240: 1316: 1276: 1251: 1247: 1239: 1231: 1223: 878:

The NGR lines established by 1 January 1912, are as follows:

811: 793: 3666:"Colonial Coalopolis The Establishment and Growth of Dundee" 3558: 694:

of the NGR. Since that line was already operational, it was

208:

for the sum of £40,000, gaining the line from the Point to

116: 1226:

locomotives of the same design were ordered from the firm

3930:

Churchill, Winston S (1930). "XIX – The Armoured Train".

3691:"Commercial Coal-mining in Natal: A Centennial Appraisal" 2849: 584:. Although it stretched 37 km (23 mi) into the 57:

and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as

2613:

Natal province: descriptive guide and official hand-book

1210:(1067 mm track) were ordered from the British firm 3645:. South African Sugar Technologists' Association: 83–89 2930:"Notes and Queries – Trains: The Alfred County Railway" 303:

Here is the railway over the years and by the numbers:

3471:"2ft 0in SAR Class NG4 Tank Locomotive Specifications" 3441:"2ft 0in SAR Class NG3 Tank Locomotive Specifications" 3321:"3ft 6in SAR Class 3A Tender Locomotive Specification" 3291:"3ft 6in SAR Class 3 Tender Locomotive Specifications" 3261:"3ft 6in SAR Class 2 Tender Locomotive Specifications" 3231:"3ft 6in SAR Class 1 Tender Locomotive Specifications" 1238:. The locomotive had 40% more horsepower than the old 1222:

and were eventually sold to the NZASM. In 1877, seven

607:

After the discovery of gold, there was a race between

559: 4003:"Railway Country – 150 Years of Rail in South Africa" 620:

Pass, a 674 m (2,211 ft) tunnel was built.

3201:"3ft 6in SAR Class G Tank Locomotive Specifications" 3171:"3ft 6in SAR Class E Tank Locomotive Specifications" 3141:"3ft 6in SAR Class H Tank Locomotive Specifications" 3111:"3ft 6in SAR Class A Tank Locomotive Specifications" 3081:"3ft 6in SAR Class C Tank Locomotive Specifications" 2367:

The NGR transported British soldiers from Durban to

2345:

The Natal Agricultural Development Act of 1904 made

1206:

In 1875, when the NGR was founded, two wood-burning

204:

In 1877, the Natal Government Railways acquired the

240:(4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the border of the 3052:"The Political Career of Mr Reid's 'Ten Wheeler'" 228:. The Natal Government Railways also adopted the 4034: 3748:"South Africa's coalfields – A 2014 perspective" 3746:Hancox, P John; Götz, Annette (1 October 2014). 3611:The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry 2722:. Cape Town: T.V. Bulpin Publications (Pty) Ltd. 732:, a distance of around 50 km (31 mi). 513: 3543:Colony of Natal, Departmental Reports 1893-1894 2810:Seale, R. (April 1987). "The Story of "Roos"". 540:(3,025 ft) from its highest point between 3830:Southern Africa: A Geographical Study. vol. II 3591: 2657: 643: 552:(608 m (1,995 ft) above sea level). 2032: 1315:and three smaller lines. All four lines used 485: 271: 1327:. The classes are shown in the table below. 38:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to 53:and maintains a consistent citation style. 4058:1877 establishments in the Colony of Natal 3826: 3807:"History of the Wattle Industry 111 Natal" 3745: 3613:. Oxford: James Currey. pp. 183–186. 3498: 3496: 2900:"Notes and Queries – Narrow Gauge Closure" 2769: 2767: 2375:(1879) and to Pietermaritzburg during the 115: 4043:Defunct railway companies of South Africa 3971: 3929: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3782: 3684: 3682: 3663: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3016: 3014: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2790:"Notes and Queries: Rail route centenary" 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2605: 2603: 625:Netherlands–South African Railway Company 95:Learn how and when to remove this message 4053:Railway companies disestablished in 1910 3904: 3843: 2681: 2679: 2653: 2651: 2616:. South African Railways Printing Works. 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2443: 582:State President of the Orange Free State 474:, and one along the North Coast to near 197:(NGR) was formed in January 1877 in the 184: 4063:1910s disestablishments in South Africa 3592:Harrison, C.W.F.; Ingram, J.F. (1903). 3539: 3502: 3493: 3049: 3020: 2987: 2927: 4035: 3986: 3944: 3874: 3804: 3679: 3580: 3011: 2829: 2818: 2744: 2717: 2704: 2609: 2526: 2009: 627:(NZASM) lines until the NZASM line to 4048:Railway companies established in 1877 3991:(2nd ed.). Longman. p. 537. 3887: 3755:International Journal of Coal Geology 3710: 3688: 3608: 2809: 2776:Jaarverslag. Suid-Afrikaanse Spoorweë 2676: 2648: 2639: 2580: 2545: 2511: 787: 3556: 2432:and the British forces' building of 1270:. The locomotive was heavier than a 890:Opening date (1st Portion/Remainder) 232:. The core line went from Durban to 18: 560:Connections with the Boer Republics 266:South African Railways and Harbours 45:Please consider converting them to 13: 3713:South African Geographical Journal 3633: 1201: 724:). Shortly after the British took 14: 4074: 4021: 3503:Wilburn, Kenneth E (April 1987). 2846:"The end of a much-loved railway" 2042:after gold was discovered there. 1825:North British Locomotive Company 1768:North British Locomotive Company 1739:North British Locomotive Company 1143:Alfred County Line (narrow-gauge) 3951:. Toronto: Morang. p. 308. 3844:Mitchell, Malcolm (March 2014). 2691:Heritage Portal: 4 November 2014 1709:North British Locomotive Company 1289:North British Locomotive Company 873: 244:) in 1891 and was linked to the 23: 3995: 3980: 3965: 3938: 3923: 3898: 3837: 3820: 3798: 3739: 3704: 3657: 3627: 3602: 3557:Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). 3550: 3533: 3463: 3433: 3403: 3373: 3343: 3313: 3283: 3253: 3223: 3193: 3163: 3133: 3103: 3073: 3043: 2981: 2951: 2921: 2892: 2878: 2864: 2838: 2803: 2782: 2726: 2527:Ingram, Joseph Forsyth (1895). 1092:Stuartstown Line (narrow-gauge) 600:of the railway until after the 535:to order the line continued to 453: 3945:Kruger, Paul (November 1902). 3733:10.1080/03736245.1951.10559280 3540:Africa), Natal (South (1894). 3025:(1st ed.). Newton Abbot: 2687:"The Railway Race to the Rand" 2633: 2626:After the bridge was built at 2620: 2569: 2498: 2487:Rail transport in South Africa 1325:Central South African Railways 1254:locomotives were ordered from 1234:locomotives were ordered from 1126:Mid-Illovo Line (narrow-gauge) 718:Pietermaritzburg-Greytown line 262:Central South African Railways 49:to ensure the article remains 16:Railway of the Colony of Natal 1: 2738:The International Steam Pages 2734:"Railway Reverses (Zig Zags)" 2553:"The Railway System of Natal" 2492: 2482:South African Class H2 4-8-2T 2477:South African Class H 4-10-2T 2467:South African "Natal" 0-4-0WT 2340: 2217: 2021:In 1893 the company owned 91 1971:Hawthorn Leslie & Company 1058:Main Line (Orange Free State) 514:Pietermaritzburg to Newcastle 216:'s 1873 establishment of the 3989:A History of Southern Africa 3909:. Abacus. pp. 105–107. 2472:South African Class A 4-8-2T 2359:in 1913 (finished in 1915). 2200:NGR investment/Colonial debt 1912:American Locomotive Company 1884:American Locomotive Company 1796:Neilson, Reid & Company 1417:Beyer, Peacock & Company 1228:Beyer, Peacock & Company 816:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway 711:. Around the same time, the 128:Government-owned corporation 7: 3972:Anonymous (7 August 2012). 3827:Wellington, John H (1960). 2872:Natalse Regeringswet No. 40 2799:(19): 80–81. December 1991. 2460: 2133:Profit return on investment 1855:American Locomotive Company 1679:Neilson, Reid & Company 1297:American Locomotive Company 644:Coast Line and branch lines 10: 4079: 3775:10.1016/j.coal.2014.06.019 3664:Henderson, Sheila (1982). 2909:(16): 93–94. November 1986 2886:Natalse Regeringswet Nr 41 2720:Natal and the Zulu Country 2234: 2167:NGR income/Colonial income 2048:Performance Metric (£'000) 2033:Industry facts and figures 2002:Kerr, Stuart & Company 1503:Natal Government Railways 1020:Weenen Line (narrow-gauge) 720:(from Pietermaritzburg to 486:Durban to Pietermaritzburg 272:Lines and business history 3905:Pakenham, Thomas (1979). 2393:Battle of Nicholson's Nek 2311: 1650:Baldwin Locomotive Works 195:Natal Government Railways 173: 158: 143: 133: 123: 114: 110:Natal Government Railways 2506:They were South Africans 2255: 1621:Baldwin Locomotive Works 836:3 ft 6 in 688:3 ft 6 in 533:Natal Provincial Council 458:The line from Durban to 258:Cape Government Railways 218:Cape Government Railways 3888:Amery, LS, ed. (1906). 3570:Encyclopædia Britannica 2287: 2025:, 231 coaches and 1451 1941:Hunslet Engine Company 632:between the border and 3021:Holland, D.F. (1971). 2362: 1474:Hunslet Engine Company 848:Ixopo-Stuartstown line 838:) and could also take 242:South African Republic 190: 178:South African Railways 3609:Bundy, Colin (1979). 2610:Tatlow, A.H. (1911). 2444:Union of South Africa 2397:besieged in Ladysmith 1562:Neilson & Company 1446:Kitson & Company 254:Union of South Africa 206:Natal Railway Company 188: 3689:Guest, Bill (1988). 3050:Bizeley, WH (1989). 2988:Bizeley, WH (1992). 2928:Bizeley, WH (1988). 2558:Engineering Magazine 2418:was taken prisoner. 1388:Kitson & Company 1309:electric locomotives 1236:Kitson & Company 1075:Glencoe-Hlobane Line 844:Estcourt-Weenen line 780:. At the same time, 768:with its capital at 766:Lucas Johannes Meyer 680:of the NRC, not the 3987:Walker, AW (1968). 3805:Sherry, SP (1973). 3767:2014IJCG..132..170H 3725:1951SAfGJ..33...53S 3643:SASTA Congress 1948 3027:David & Charles 2718:Bulpin, TV (1966). 2272:) was known to the 2231:year used the NGR. 2010:Business operations 1592:Dübs & Company 1305:Garratt locomotives 634:Heidelberg, Gauteng 586:Orange River Colony 224:and eventually the 111: 3862:on 8 November 2015 3546:. p. C26–C27. 3521:on 8 November 2015 3301:on 8 November 2015 3271:on 8 November 2015 3241:on 8 November 2015 3091:on 8 November 2015 3029:. pp. 89–90. 2852:. 13 December 2015 2778:: 200954–13. 1953. 1533:Dübs & Company 1429:8-14, 16-26, 29-47 1293:Mallet locomotives 1256:Dübs & Company 854:(a station on the 808:Ffestiniog Railway 788:Narrow-gauge lines 191: 109: 3916:978-0-349-10466-9 3853:Civil Engineering 3620:978-0-85255-047-2 3036:978-0-7153-5382-0 2430:guerrilla warfare 2416:Winston Churchill 2294:Andries Pretorius 2215: 2214: 2007: 2006: 1199: 1198: 578:Governor of Natal 574:Orange Free State 468:Natal South Coast 451: 450: 226:Orange Free State 183: 182: 105: 104: 97: 55:Several templates 4070: 4016: 4015: 4007: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3885: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3861: 3855:. Archived from 3850: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3811: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3786: 3761:(132): 170–254. 3752: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3695: 3686: 3677: 3676: 3670: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3640: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3589: 3578: 3577: 3575:Communications.— 3562: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3520: 3514:. Archived from 3509: 3500: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3477:. Archived from 3467: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3447:. Archived from 3437: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3417:. Archived from 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3387:. Archived from 3377: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3357:. Archived from 3347: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3327:. Archived from 3317: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3297:. Archived from 3287: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3267:. Archived from 3257: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3237:. Archived from 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3207:. Archived from 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3177:. Archived from 3167: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3147:. Archived from 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3117:. Archived from 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3087:. Archived from 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3056: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3018: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2994: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2965:. Archived from 2955: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2934: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2904: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2827: 2816: 2815: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2794: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2771: 2742: 2741: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2715: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2683: 2674: 2673: 2655: 2646: 2645: 2637: 2631: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2607: 2578: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2549: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2524: 2509: 2502: 2045: 2044: 1807:330-334, 345-369 1370:Pietermaritzburg 1330: 1329: 1285:Transvaal Colony 1220:Pietermaritzburg 1212:Dübs and Company 935:South Coast Line 918:North Coast Line 881: 880: 870:opened in 1911. 837: 832: 805: 800: 762:Nieuwe Republiek 689: 684: 679: 673: 671: 670: 666: 663: 655: 464:Point Waterfront 460:Pietermaritzburg 306: 305: 169: 167: 154: 152: 119: 112: 108: 100: 93: 89: 86: 80: 78: 67: 27: 26: 19: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4033: 4032: 4024: 4019: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3985: 3981: 3970: 3966: 3959: 3943: 3939: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3903: 3899: 3886: 3875: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3848: 3842: 3838: 3825: 3821: 3809: 3803: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3750: 3744: 3740: 3709: 3705: 3693: 3687: 3680: 3668: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3638: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3607: 3603: 3590: 3581: 3555: 3551: 3538: 3534: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3507: 3501: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3481:on 4 March 2016 3469: 3468: 3464: 3454: 3452: 3451:on 4 March 2016 3439: 3438: 3434: 3424: 3422: 3421:on 4 March 2016 3409: 3408: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3391:on 4 March 2016 3379: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3361:on 4 March 2016 3349: 3348: 3344: 3334: 3332: 3331:on 4 March 2016 3319: 3318: 3314: 3304: 3302: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3272: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3211:on 4 March 2016 3199: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3181:on 4 March 2016 3169: 3168: 3164: 3154: 3152: 3151:on 4 March 2016 3139: 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3121:on 4 March 2016 3109: 3108: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3054: 3048: 3044: 3037: 3019: 3012: 3002: 3000: 2992: 2986: 2982: 2972: 2970: 2969:on 4 March 2016 2957: 2956: 2952: 2942: 2940: 2932: 2926: 2922: 2912: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2855: 2853: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2828: 2819: 2808: 2804: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2772: 2745: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2716: 2705: 2695: 2693: 2685: 2684: 2677: 2670: 2656: 2649: 2638: 2634: 2625: 2621: 2608: 2581: 2574: 2570: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2525: 2512: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2463: 2446: 2365: 2343: 2318:Acacia mearnsii 2314: 2290: 2258: 2237: 2220: 2150:Colonial income 2035: 2012: 1578:Class C 4-10-2T 1549:Class K 0-4-0ST 1490:2-8-2TT/4-6-2TT 1461:Class K 0-6-0ST 1323:ordered by the 1204: 1202:NGR locomotives 1003:Natal Cape Line 938:South Shepstone 876: 856:Natal-Cape Line 850:opened between 835: 830: 803: 798: 790: 764:was founded by 746:Mhlathuze River 730:Umzimkulu River 687: 682: 675: 668: 664: 661: 659: 658:4 ft 657: 653: 646: 602:Second Boer War 562: 529:Griqualand West 516: 488: 456: 321:Record (£'000) 274: 268:(SAR & H). 199:Colony of Natal 165: 163: 150: 148: 101: 90: 84: 81: 69: 58: 44: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4076: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4031: 4030: 4023: 4022:External links 4020: 4018: 4017: 3994: 3979: 3964: 3957: 3937: 3922: 3915: 3897: 3873: 3836: 3819: 3797: 3738: 3703: 3678: 3656: 3626: 3619: 3601: 3579: 3565:Chisholm, Hugh 3549: 3532: 3492: 3462: 3432: 3402: 3372: 3342: 3312: 3282: 3252: 3222: 3192: 3162: 3132: 3102: 3072: 3042: 3035: 3010: 2980: 2950: 2920: 2891: 2877: 2863: 2837: 2817: 2802: 2781: 2743: 2725: 2703: 2675: 2668: 2647: 2632: 2619: 2579: 2568: 2544: 2510: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2462: 2459: 2445: 2442: 2377:First Boer War 2373:Anglo-Zulu War 2364: 2361: 2342: 2339: 2313: 2310: 2289: 2286: 2257: 2254: 2245:Port of Durban 2236: 2233: 2225:Mahatma Gandhi 2219: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2096: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2034: 2031: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1989:(narrow-gauge) 1987:Class N 4-6-2T 1984: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1958:(narrow-gauge) 1956:Class N 4-6-2T 1953: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1929:(narrow-gauge) 1927:Class N 4-6-2T 1924: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1899:Mallet 2-6-6-0 1896: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1871:Mallet 2-6-6-0 1868: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1695:Class E 4-8-2T 1692: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1665:Class F 4-6-4T 1662: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1607:Class I 2-6-2T 1604: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1546: 1545:89-93, 510-511 1543: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518:Class D 4-8-2T 1515: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1433:Class G 4-6-0T 1430: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1404:Class K 2-6-0T 1401: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1372: 1363: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1301:Natal Midlands 1203: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1040: 1039:Bo-Tugela Line 1036: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1000: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 983: 982: 979: 976: 973: 970: 966: 965: 962: 959: 956: 953: 949: 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 932: 931: 928: 925: 922: 919: 915: 914: 911: 908: 905: 902: 898: 897: 894: 891: 888: 885: 875: 872: 864:Port Shepstone 789: 786: 677:standard gauge 645: 642: 561: 558: 515: 512: 487: 484: 455: 452: 449: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 432: 431: 428: 425: 422: 419: 415: 414: 411: 408: 405: 402: 398: 397: 394: 391: 388: 385: 381: 380: 377: 374: 371: 368: 364: 363: 360: 357: 354: 351: 347: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 323: 322: 319: 316: 313: 310: 273: 270: 264:) to form the 236:, but reached 181: 180: 175: 171: 170: 160: 156: 155: 145: 141: 140: 135: 131: 130: 125: 121: 120: 103: 102: 47:full citations 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4075: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4013: 4012: 4004: 3998: 3990: 3983: 3975: 3968: 3960: 3958:9780804610773 3954: 3950: 3949: 3941: 3933: 3932:My Early Life 3926: 3918: 3912: 3908: 3901: 3893: 3892: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3858: 3854: 3847: 3840: 3832: 3831: 3823: 3815: 3808: 3801: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3742: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3707: 3699: 3692: 3685: 3683: 3674: 3667: 3660: 3644: 3637: 3630: 3622: 3616: 3612: 3605: 3597: 3596: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3560:"Natal" 3553: 3545: 3544: 3536: 3517: 3513: 3506: 3499: 3497: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3436: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3346: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3316: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3256: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3226: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3136: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3038: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3017: 3015: 2998: 2991: 2984: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2939:(18): 107–108 2938: 2931: 2924: 2908: 2901: 2895: 2887: 2881: 2873: 2867: 2851: 2847: 2841: 2833: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2813: 2806: 2798: 2791: 2785: 2777: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2739: 2735: 2729: 2721: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2680: 2671: 2669:0-415-35048-4 2665: 2661: 2654: 2652: 2643: 2636: 2629: 2623: 2615: 2614: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2577: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2554: 2548: 2532: 2531: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2507: 2501: 2497: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2458: 2454: 2452: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2424: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2412:Boer Commando 2409: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2386: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2316:Black wattle 2309: 2305: 2303: 2297: 2295: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2253: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2232: 2228: 2226: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2184:Colonial debt 2183: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2065:NGR net worth 2064: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2017: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1840:Class B 4-8-2 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1813:(Hendrie "D") 1812: 1811:Class B 4-8-2 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1783:Class L 4-8-0 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1756:(Hendrie "A") 1755: 1754:Class A 4-6-2 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1727:(Hendrie "B") 1726: 1725:Class B 4-8-0 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1637:Class I 2-6-0 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 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883: 882: 879: 874:List of lines 871: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 840:sharper turns 833: 831:1,067 mm 826: 824: 819: 817: 813: 809: 801: 795: 785: 783: 779: 775: 774:Buffels River 771: 767: 763: 760:In 1884, the 758: 754: 751: 747: 743: 738: 733: 731: 727: 723: 719: 714: 710: 706: 700: 697: 693: 685: 683:1,067 mm 678: 654:1,435 mm 650: 641: 639: 635: 630: 626: 621: 619: 615: 610: 605: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 570: 568: 557: 553: 551: 547: 543: 538: 534: 530: 526: 521: 511: 509: 504: 500: 495: 493: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 446: 443: 440: 437: 434: 433: 429: 426: 423: 420: 417: 416: 412: 409: 406: 403: 400: 399: 395: 392: 389: 386: 383: 382: 378: 375: 372: 369: 366: 365: 361: 358: 355: 352: 349: 348: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 324: 320: 317: 314: 311: 308: 307: 304: 301: 299: 295: 291: 286: 284: 280: 269: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 246:Witwatersrand 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 202: 200: 196: 187: 179: 176: 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Eland. 2973:5 August 2959:"Museum" 2628:Inchanga 2537:15 March 2461:See also 2408:de facto 2404:de facto 2324:for the 2195:£22,685 2077:£14,161 1932:Class NG 1923:NG1, NG2 1903:Class MB 1875:Class MA 1845:Class 3A 1787:Class 7B 1633:513, 514 1345:SAR Type 1342:NGR Type 989:Greytown 972:Richmond 921:Somkhele 887:Terminus 814:and the 737:Zululand 726:Pretoria 709:Richmond 672: in 598:terminus 594:zig zags 580:and the 546:Estcourt 503:Pinetown 499:gradient 472:Isipingo 470:to near 344:Expenses 315:Distance 40:link rot 4014:. 2010. 3814:Natalia 3790:26 June 3763:Bibcode 3721:Bibcode 3698:Natalia 3673:Natalia 3649:29 June 3567:(ed.). 3485:17 July 3455:17 July 3425:17 July 3395:17 July 3365:17 July 3335:17 July 3305:17 July 3275:17 July 3245:17 July 3215:17 July 3185:17 July 3155:17 July 3125:17 July 3095:17 July 3059:Natalia 2997:Natalia 2937:Natalia 2907:Natalia 2888:. 1904. 2874:. 1899. 2832:Natalia 2797:Natalia 2642:Natalia 2565:. 1903. 2356:Harding 2326:leather 2282:Réunion 2235:Freight 2162:£4,126 2111:£1,187 2094:£2,024 1952:NG4-NG9 1895:337-341 1816:Class 3 1779:327-329 1759:Class 2 1750:325-326 1730:Class 1 1721:275-324 1699:Class G 1691:250-274 1669:Class E 1641:Class I 1611:Class I 1583:Class H 1574:149-249 1523:Class A 1437:Class C 1268:flanges 1146:Paddock 1112:Utrecht 1078:Hlobane 868:Paddock 860:Umzinto 823:Stanger 782:Utrecht 778:Hlobane 770:Vryheid 713:Hullett 667:⁄ 525:diamond 476:Verulam 447:3530.3 435:1909-10 430:1990.5 413:1393.9 312:Average 292:to the 290:Glencoe 164: ( 159:Defunct 149: ( 144:Founded 3955: 3913: 3866:29 May 3617: 3525:28 May 3033: 2666: 2352:Illovo 2337:line. 2322:tannin 2312:Acacia 2249:acacia 2211:31.0% 2190:£7,170 2187:£2,000 2179:49.0% 2159:£2,023 2156:£1,355 2074:£6,028 2071:£4,528 2068:£1,201 1580:(Reid) 1514:49-148 1375:2-6-0T 1366:Durban 1336:Number 1272:tender 1263:4-10-2 1216:Durban 1164:Howick 1067:212.75 1024:Weenen 1012:106.75 927:167.25 910:309.25 858:) and 508:tunnel 480:London 444:4293.7 410:1507.8 396:477.1 379:117.0 339:Income 298:Dundee 210:Durban 60:reFill 4006:(PDF) 3860:(PDF) 3849:(PDF) 3810:(PDF) 3751:(PDF) 3694:(PDF) 3669:(PDF) 3639:(PDF) 3563:. In 3519:(PDF) 3508:(PDF) 3055:(PDF) 2993:(PDF) 2963:Eskom 2933:(PDF) 2903:(PDF) 2793:(PDF) 2266:umoba 2256:Sugar 2241:sugar 2206:31.9% 2203:60.0% 2176:58.6% 2173:42.2% 2170:39.4% 2145:5.9% 2128:£837 2060:1909 1909:44810 1881:44810 1851:36460 1822:33150 1793:18660 1765:22940 1736:31590 1705:22280 1675:15230 1647:11570 1589:28430 1529:18670 1500:14473 1443:13850 1317:4-6-2 1313:Kelso 1277:4-8-0 1252:4-8-2 1248:2-8-2 1240:0-6-4 1232:4-6-0 1224:2-6-0 1180:Total 1084:76.25 1031:28.75 995:64.25 955:Wests 944:80.75 893:Miles 812:Wales 794:India 427:886.7 393:582.7 376:126.3 362:73.0 34:uses 3953:ISBN 3911:ISBN 3868:2019 3792:2016 3651:2016 3615:ISBN 3527:2019 3487:2015 3457:2015 3427:2015 3397:2015 3367:2015 3337:2015 3307:2015 3277:2015 3247:2015 3217:2015 3187:2015 3157:2015 3127:2015 3097:2015 3067:2015 3031:ISBN 3005:2015 2999:(22) 2975:2015 2945:2015 2915:2015 2858:2015 2698:2015 2664:ISBN 2563:XXIV 2539:2011 2288:Coal 2280:and 2274:Zulu 2270:Zulu 2153:£439 2142:6.5% 2139:4.4% 2136:4.5% 2125:£397 2122:£200 2108:£589 2105:£372 2102:£118 2091:£986 2088:£572 2085:£173 2057:1898 2054:1891 2051:1881 1998:8183 1995:36.3 1977:1911 1967:8183 1964:36.3 1946:1907 1938:8183 1935:36.3 1917:1906 1889:1910 1861:1909 1830:1909 1801:1909 1790:83.0 1773:1906 1744:1905 1715:1904 1685:1904 1661:1-10 1655:1902 1627:1902 1617:7585 1597:1901 1568:1899 1558:5526 1539:1890 1508:1888 1480:1888 1470:7020 1451:1880 1423:1879 1413:9800 1394:1877 1384:9800 1359:1875 1333:Year 1218:and 1194:2053 1189:1276 1171:2.75 1168:1911 1152:24.5 1149:1911 1135:28.5 1132:1911 1115:1910 1104:156 1098:1908 1087:123 1070:342 1047:1907 1028:1907 1015:172 1009:1909 998:104 992:1900 975:1897 958:1898 947:130 930:272 913:498 884:Name 544:and 441:1588 387:95.5 384:1880 367:1870 359:77.5 350:1860 309:Year 260:and 193:The 166:1910 162:1910 151:1877 147:1877 68:and 3779:hdl 3771:doi 3759:132 3729:doi 2850:BBC 2363:War 2268:in 2119:£54 1906:199 1878:199 1867:336 1848:162 1836:335 1819:147 1762:102 1733:140 1672:222 1603:512 1586:126 1571:101 1511:100 1307:or 1155:39 1138:46 1121:47 1053:39 1034:46 981:27 964:10 961:6.5 896:Km 866:to 810:in 438:987 424:912 421:567 407:362 404:225 390:154 296:of 281:to 4039:: 4008:. 3876:^ 3851:. 3812:. 3777:. 3769:. 3757:. 3753:. 3727:. 3717:33 3715:. 3696:. 3681:^ 3671:. 3641:. 3582:^ 3510:. 3495:^ 3473:. 3443:. 3413:. 3383:. 3353:. 3323:. 3293:. 3263:. 3233:. 3203:. 3173:. 3143:. 3113:. 3083:. 3057:. 3013:^ 2995:. 2961:. 2935:. 2905:. 2848:. 2820:^ 2795:. 2746:^ 2736:. 2706:^ 2689:. 2678:^ 2650:^ 2582:^ 2561:. 2555:. 2513:^ 2029:. 1804:30 1718:50 1702:99 1688:25 1658:10 1644:51 1614:34 1555:25 1526:83 1497:64 1486:48 1467:31 1457:15 1440:62 1426:37 1410:44 1381:44 1368:, 1174:4 1118:29 1101:97 1050:24 978:17 806:) 690:) 674:) 640:. 569:. 482:. 373:10 334:km 329:mi 201:. 3961:. 3919:. 3894:. 3870:. 3794:. 3781:: 3773:: 3765:: 3735:. 3731:: 3723:: 3653:. 3623:. 3529:. 3489:. 3459:. 3429:. 3399:. 3369:. 3339:. 3309:. 3279:. 3249:. 3219:. 3189:. 3159:. 3129:. 3099:. 3069:. 3039:. 3007:. 2977:. 2947:. 2917:. 2860:. 2814:. 2740:. 2700:. 2672:. 2541:. 2264:( 1980:2 1949:6 1920:2 1892:4 1864:1 1833:1 1776:3 1747:2 1630:2 1600:1 1542:5 1483:1 1454:1 1397:7 1362:2 834:( 802:( 686:( 669:2 665:1 662:+ 660:8 656:( 370:6 356:3 353:2 168:) 153:) 98:) 92:( 87:) 83:( 79:. 77:) 73:( 66:) 62:( 42:.

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