634:. Typically, Pomona Granges are made up of all the subordinates in a county. Next in the order come State Granges, which is where the Grange begins to be especially active in the political process. State Masters (Presidents) are responsible for supervising the administration of Subordinate and Pomona Granges. Together, thirty-five State Granges, as well as Potomac Grange #1 in Washington, D.C., form the National Grange. The National Grange represents the interests of most Grangers in lobbying activities similar to the state, but on a much larger scale. In addition, the National Grange oversees the Grange ritual. The Grange is a
320:. With Southern Masons as guides, he toured the war-torn countryside in the South and was appalled by the outdated farming practices. In the western states, Kelley deplored the lack of "progressive agriculture", with illiterate "ignorant" farmers who were "using a system of farming was the same as that handed down by generations gone by". He saw the need for an organization that would bring people together from across the country in a spirit of mutual cooperation. After many letters and consultations with the other founders, the Grange was born. The first Grange, Grange #1, was founded in 1868 in
1719:
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545:, and special passwords necessary to keep railroad spies out of their meetings. It also copied ideas from Greek, Roman and Biblical mythology. Small, ceremonial farm tools are often displayed at Grange meetings. Elected officers are in charge of opening and closing each meeting. There are seven degrees of Grange membership; the ceremony of each degree relates to the seasons and various symbols and principles.
534:
454:
Grange membership has declined considerably as the percentage of
American farmers has fallen from a third of the population in the early 20th century to less than two percent today. Between 1992 and 2007, the number of Grange members fell by 40%, largely due to the National Grange no longer offering
363:
Paid agents organized local
Granges and membership in the Grange increased dramatically from 1873 (200,000) to 1875 (858,050). Many of the state and local granges adopted non-partisan political resolutions, especially regarding the regulation of railroad transportation costs. The organization was
509:
As a non-partisan organization, the Grange supports only policies, never political parties or candidates. Although the Grange was founded to serve the interests of farmers, because of the shrinking farm population the Grange has begun to broaden its range to include a wide variety of issues, and
295:
In 2005, the Grange had a membership of 160,000, with organizations in 2,100 communities in 36 states. It is headquartered in
Washington, D.C., in a building built by the organization in 1960. Many rural communities in the United States still have a Grange Hall and local Granges still serve as a
1192:
The
Patrons of husbandry on the Pacific coast: Being a complete history of the origin, condition and progress of agriculture in different parts of the world; of the origin and growth of the order of Patrons, with a general and special grange directory, and full list of charter members of the
316:, to go to the Southern states and to collect data to improve Southern agricultural conditions. In the South, poor farmers bore the brunt of the Civil War and were suspicious of Northerners like Kelley. Kelley found he was able to overcome these sectional differences as a
250:
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unusual at this time, because women and any teen old enough to draw a plow (aged 14 to 16) were encouraged to participate. The importance of women was reinforced by requiring that four of the elected positions could be held only by women.
548:
During the last few decades, the Grange has moved toward public meetings and no longer meets in secret. Though the secret meetings do not occur, the Grange still acknowledges its rich history and practices some traditions.
383:. Poor fiscal management, combined with organizational difficulties resulting from rapid growth, led to a massive decline in membership. By the turn of the 20th century, the Grange rebounded and membership stabilized.
524:
program to increase legal immigration and address the crisis-level labor shortage in agriculture. They support the enforcement of immigration law but urge discretion with regard to the impact on labor availability.
647:("In essentials, unity; in non-essentials, liberty; in all things, charity"). Indeed, the word "grange" comes from a Latin word for grain, and is related to a "granary" or, generically, a farm.
584:
471:
513:
The Junior Grange is open to children 5–14. Regular Grange membership is open to anyone age 14 or older. The Grange Youth, a group within the Grange, consists of members 13 1/2 to 30.
497:
The Grange provides opportunities for individuals and families to develop to their highest potential in order to build stronger communities and states, as well as a stronger nation.
493:, the organization's report on its annual convention, the organization lays out its mission and how it works towards achieving it through fellowship, service, and legislation:
1834:
1764:
1193:
subordinate granges of
California. Also, of the foes of the farmers, or monopolies of land, water, transportation and education; of a protective tariff, currency and banking
643:
623:
The Grange is a hierarchical organization ranging from local communities to the
National Grange organization. At the local level are community Granges, otherwise known as
1849:
1809:
1738:
920:(1822–1900). Botanist, landscaper, designer of Soldiers Cemetery in Gettysburg, PA. Founder of the National Grange. First Master/President of the National Grange
419:
272:, is a social organization in the United States that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and
386:
The
Granger movement supported efforts by politicians to regulate rates charged by the railroads and grain warehouses. It claimed credit for the ideas of the
732:
1453:
The Grange – Friend of the Farmer: A Concise
Reference History of America's Oldest Farm Organization, and the Only Rural Fraternity in the World, 1867–1947
1864:
1794:
1859:
1844:
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Strengthening individuals, families, and communities through service, education, nonpartisan grassroots advocacy, and agricultural awareness.
1743:
1586:"Social Movements and Organizational Form: Cooperative Alternatives to Corporations in the American Insurance, Dairy, and Grain Industries"
1295:
In the past 15 years, Grange membership has fallen nearly 40 percent to 240,000 people. These days, fewer than 2 percent of
Americans farm.
1854:
806:(1849–1919), California. Founder of the California Fruit Growers Union and U.S. delegate to the International Institute of Agriculture
627:. All members are affiliated with at least one subordinate. In most states, multiple subordinate Granges are grouped together to form
948:
794:(1826–1913). Agriculturalist, organizer. Primary founder of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. First Secretary of the National Grange
1694:
520:
currently in the United States. However, this position has been somewhat revised, and the Grange now emphasizes an expansion in the
878:
989:
305:
745:
713:
704:
668:
443:
1400:
The
Granger Movement: A Study of Agricultural Organization and its Political, Economic, and Social Manifestations, 1870–1880
1232:
The Rise of the Agricultural Welfare State: Institutions and Interest Group Power in the United States, France, and Japan
1008:
516:
In 2013, the Grange signed on to a letter to Congress calling for the doubling of legal immigration and legalization for
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When the Grange first began in 1867, it borrowed some of its rituals and symbols from Freemasonry, including oaths,
284:
with a national scope. The Grange actively lobbied state legislatures and Congress for political goals, such as the
1728:
408:," and so could be regulated by public law. However this achievement was overturned later by the Supreme Court in
897:
1799:
1734:"A Short History of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, also known as the National Grange" by Charles P. Gilliam
1672:– statistical tables showing membership in the Grange and other farm organizations by date and state and region
1240:
906:
588:
517:
1091:
Origin and Progress of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry in the United States; A History from 1866 to 1873
1003:
387:
20:
1112:
Commons, John R.; Phillips, Ulrich B.; Gilmore, Eugene A.; Sumner, Helen L.; Andrews, John B., eds. (1911).
691:
462:
In 2022, the National Grange reported a net gain in membership for the first time in almost seven decades.
24:
1336:
The Masonic Myth: Unlocking the Truth About the Symbols, the Secret Rites, and the History of Freemasonry
917:
722:
333:
82:
375:
Rapid growth infused the national organization with money from dues, and many local granges established
1839:
754:
478:
376:
1814:
1769:
938:
758:
686:
341:
90:
1284:
1132:
Barns, William D. (July 1967). "Oliver Hudson Kelley and the Genesis of the Grange: A Reappraisal".
935:(1834–1894). Founder of the National Grange. First Lecturer/Program Director of the National Grange
864:
573:
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439:
1197:
824:
577:
337:
86:
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130:
1257:
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902:
821:(1810–1885). Discoverer of California Gold. Charter member of Pilot Hill Grange #1 California
380:
1463:"Efforts of the Grange in the Middle West to Control the Price of Farm Machinery, 1870–1880"
882:
813:
791:
329:
309:
170:
78:
1678:
Knights of the Plow: Oliver H. Kelley and the Origins of the Grange in Republican Ideology
8:
750:
695:
677:
485:
As of 2024, the Grange continues to press for the causes of farmers, including issues of
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1680:. Henry A Wallace Series on Agricultural History and Rural Studies. Iowa State Press.
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474:
398:. The peak of their political reputation was marked by the Supreme Court decision in
46:
1307:
827:(1831–1894). Founder of the National Grange. Second Treasurer of the National Grange
1597:
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1037:
941:(1831–1902). Founder of the National Grange. Third Secretary of the National Grange
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400:
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349:
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116:
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98:
788:(???–1891), Founder of the National Grange. First Treasurer of the National Grange
766:(1803–1884), Founder of the National Grange. First Chaplain of the National Grange
360:. In 1873 the organization was united under a National Grange in Washington, D.C.
944:
887:
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842:
700:
435:
405:
481:, now a community center belonging to the North Smithfield Heritage Association.
1601:
1063:
1028:
Goss, Albert S. (February 1947). "Legislative Program of the National Grange".
993:
episode "Times of Change", Charles Ingalls attends a Grange meeting in Chicago.
923:
846:
797:
763:
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345:
313:
281:
126:
94:
1115:
A Documentary History of American Industrial Society, Volume X: Labor Movement
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182:
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1515:
The Privileged Few: The Grange and its People in Nineteenth Century Ontario
1186:
981:
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728:
285:
254:
655:
1652:"Memberships of General Farmers' Organizations, United States, 1874–1960"
1534:
Women of the Grange: Mutuality and Sisterhood in Rural America, 1866–1920
803:
317:
273:
140:
1609:
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organization; virtually all policy originates at the subordinate level.
404:(1877), which held that grain warehouses were a "private utility in the
367:
19:"Grange Hall" redirects here. For individual Grange Hall buildings, see
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In February 2024, the National Grange revised their Mission Statement:
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800:(1836–1920). Confederate general and organizer of the Alabama Grange
562:
973:, a Grange sign is included on the "Welcome to Hill Valley" marker.
51:
Promotional poster, ca. 1873, that offers a "gift for the grangers"
1755:
1712:
459:
has the largest membership of any state, at approximately 13,000.
236:
1390:
In Essentials, Unity: An Economic History of the Grange Movement
1121:. Cleveland, Ohio: The Arthur H. Clark Company. pp. 71–138.
1496:
People, Pride, and Progress: 125 Years of the Grange in America
438:, Grangers were involved in several political movements in the
1584:
Schneiberg, Marc; King, Marissa; Smith, Thomas (August 2008).
926:(1813–1890), California. California pioneer, father-in-law of
1094:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J. A. Weggenseller. p. 12.
644:
In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas
533:
1111:
845:(born 1965), Washington. Bass guitarist for the rock band
1749:
1725:
Maryland State Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry records
1457:– historical account of the organization's first 80 years
249:
1744:
National Grange of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry
839:(1905–1970), Indiana. 16th Master of the National Grange
270:
The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
1627:"The Grange and the Credit Problem in Dakota Territory"
1300:
1165:. University Press of Mississippi. pp. Chapter 1.
833:(1820–1885), Oregon. United States Senator from Oregon
1739:
Background, History, Ritual and Emblems of the Grange
733:
California State Superintendent of Public Instruction
1835:
National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
1312:
National Grange of The Order of Patrons of Husbandry
1262:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 154–156.
371:
1967 U.S. postage stamp honoring the National Grange
39:
National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
1583:
1473:(4). Organization of American Historians: 473–496.
1380:
Semi-Centennial History of the Patrons of Husbandry
296:center of rural life for many farming communities.
1850:Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.
1596:(4). American Sociological Association: 635–667.
659:Grange membership badge from Plainville, New York
328:. Seven men and one woman co-founded the Grange:
1826:
1420:"The Grange and Farmer Education in Mississippi"
1162:Rich Harvest: A History of the Grange, 1867–1900
16:Agricultural advocacy group in the United States
1563:(4). Southern Historical Association: 473–487.
1430:(4). Southern Historical Association: 497–512.
1259:Born in the Country: A History of Rural America
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
280:in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural
1662:(3). Agricultural History Society: 143–156.
1140:(3). Agricultural History Society: 229–242.
312:, after a personal interview with President
1512:
772:(1838–1918), Founder of the National Grange
667:(1828–1887), South Carolina. Member of the
591:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
290:rural free mail delivery by the Post Office
1717:
1637:(2). Agricultural History Society: 59–83.
1235:. Princeton University Press. p. 60.
1098:
898:First Lady of the United States of America
45:
1498:. Washington, D.C.: The National Grange.
1228:
949:President of the United States of America
907:President of the United States of America
611:Learn how and when to remove this message
528:
288:to lower rates charged by railroads, and
1865:1867 establishments in the United States
1550:
1455:. Washington, D.C.: The National Grange.
1417:
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379:, initially supplied by the wholesaler
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1158:
1087:
890:(1894–1978), Vermont. American painter
753:(born 1892), Virginia. Founder of the
746:United States Secretary of Agriculture
714:United States Secretary of Agriculture
705:United States Secretary of Agriculture
669:United States House of Representatives
510:anyone is welcome to join the Grange.
442:in the late 19th century, such as the
1860:Secret societies in the United States
1845:Economic history of the United States
1675:
1649:
1531:
1131:
954:
414:(1886). The Grange also endorsed the
158:National Grange Headquarters Building
1553:"The Grange in the South, 1870–1877"
1551:Saloutos, Theodore (November 1953).
1467:Mississippi Valley Historical Review
1418:Ferguson, James S. (November 1942).
1396:
1185:
1027:
589:adding citations to reliable sources
556:
429:
1314:. The National Grange. June 7, 2017
1210:Kelley (1875), Publisher's Preface.
1021:
1009:Order of the Sovereigns of Industry
914:(1843–?), agriculturist, suffragist
13:
1370:
737:University of California, Berkeley
735:. Professor of Agriculture at the
14:
1876:
1855:Organizations established in 1867
1704:
1625:Schell, Herbert S. (April 1936).
1283:Krishnan, Sonia (July 29, 2007).
685:(1854–1934), New Hampshire. 49th
650:
416:temperance cause to avoid alcohol
1754:
1729:University of Maryland Libraries
1461:Hirsch, Arthur H. (March 1929).
1403:. University of Nebraska Press.
1383:. New York: Orange Judd Company.
960:The song "Grange Hall Dance" by
863:(1865–1946), Pennsylvania. 28th
561:
276:. The Grange, founded after the
1357:
1326:
1276:
1249:
1222:
552:
1800:New International Encyclopedia
1650:Tontz, Robert L. (July 1964).
1377:Atkeson, Thomas Clark (1916).
1213:
1204:
1179:
1152:
1125:
1088:Kelley, Oliver Hudson (1875).
1081:
1056:
1:
1014:
1004:List of Grange Hall buildings
731:(1819–1894), California. 7th
703:(1928–2018), Minnesota. 20th
489:and farm policy. In its 2006
388:Cooperative Extension Service
21:List of Grange Hall buildings
1590:American Sociological Review
1451:Gardner, Charles M. (1949).
1068:Minnesota Historical Society
947:(1884–1972), Missouri. 33rd
905:(1882–1945), New York. 32nd
881:(1869–1939), Delaware. 57th
854:(1861 – 1954), Oregon. 17th
812:(1824–1905), Michigan. 21st
778:(1922 - 2011), Oregon. 29th
721:(1893 - 1987), Kansas. 30th
712:(1903–1992), Colorado. 14th
25:Grange Hall (disambiguation)
7:
1557:Journal of Southern History
1424:Journal of Southern History
1397:Buck, Solon Justus (1913).
1229:Sheingate, Adam D. (2003).
997:
990:Little House on the Prairie
744:(1827–1911), New York. 1st
694:(1845–1909), Vermont. 50th
676:(1904–1971), Vermont. 68th
641:The motto of the Grange is
455:insurance for its members.
434:While the Grange was not a
420:direct election of Senators
160:1616 H Street NW, Suite 200
10:
1881:
1770:Collier's New Encyclopedia
1746:, Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1602:10.1177/000312240807300406
1517:. Art Gallery of Ontario.
1513:Lownsbrough, John (1980).
1196:. A. L. Bancroft. p.
755:Future Farmers of Virginia
479:Slatersville, Rhode Island
299:
18:
1676:Woods, Thomas A. (2002).
1532:Marti, Donald B. (1991).
1494:Howard, David H. (1992).
1308:"Immigration & Visas"
1256:Danbom, David B. (2006).
1030:Journal of Farm Economics
872:(1822–1912), Maine. 39th
759:Future Farmers of America
687:Governor of New Hampshire
306:Department of Agriculture
231:
223:Executive Committee Chair
221:
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188:
176:
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136:
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74:
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37:
1392:. Ohio University Press.
1159:Nordin, D. Sven (1974).
865:Governor of Pennsylvania
465:
440:Midwestern United States
377:consumers' co-operatives
304:The commissioner of the
1815:The American Cyclopædia
896:(1884–1962), New York.
825:Francis Marion McDowell
782:, United States Senator
725:, United States Senator
537:Grange in session, 1873
518:undocumented immigrants
213:National Vice President
141:Agrarian interest group
62:; 156 years ago
1785:Encyclopedia Americana
1388:Bourne, Jenny (2017).
660:
538:
529:Rituals and ceremonies
507:
499:
491:Journal of Proceedings
482:
372:
258:
145:Agricultural education
131:Fraternal organization
23:. For other uses, see
1810:Husbandry, Patrons of
1765:Husbandry, Patrons of
1759:Texts on Wikisource:
1750:New York State Grange
1695:Other primary sources
1363:Nordin (1974), p. 10.
1219:Kelley (1875), p. 39.
903:Franklin D. Roosevelt
658:
536:
503:
495:
473:
450:Decline in membership
381:Aaron Montgomery Ward
370:
252:
149:Grassroots organizing
60:December 4, 1867
1656:Agricultural History
1631:Agricultural History
1333:Kinney, Jay (2009).
1134:Agricultural History
883:Governor of Delaware
814:Governor of Michigan
792:Oliver Hudson Kelley
585:improve this section
330:Oliver Hudson Kelley
79:Oliver Hudson Kelley
751:Henry C. Groseclose
696:Governor of Vermont
678:Governor of Vermont
625:subordinate Granges
392:Rural Free Delivery
338:Francis M. McDowell
268:, officially named
262:The National Grange
87:Francis M. McDowell
34:
33:The National Grange
978:Live at the Grange
970:Back to the Future
955:In popular culture
879:Robert P. Robinson
856:Governor of Oregon
837:Herschel D. Newsom
786:William M. Ireland
780:Governor of Oregon
742:Norman Jay Coleman
723:Governor of Kansas
710:Charles F. Brannan
683:Nahum J. Bachelder
661:
539:
483:
411:Wabash v. Illinois
396:Farm Credit System
373:
354:William M. Ireland
259:
203:National President
103:William M. Ireland
32:
1840:Agrarian politics
1290:The Seattle Times
1285:"Beyond Potlucks"
1187:Carr, Ezra Slocum
894:Eleanor Roosevelt
874:Governor of Maine
819:James W. Marshall
621:
620:
613:
475:Union Grange Hall
430:Partisan politics
247:
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227:Lynette Schaeffer
171:Farmers' movement
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1713:Official website
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912:Ellen Alida Rose
852:Walter M. Pierce
770:Caroline A. Hall
674:Harold J. Arthur
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424:women's suffrage
401:Munn v. Illinois
350:John R. Thompson
334:William Saunders
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117:Washington, D.C.
99:John R. Thompson
83:William Saunders
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1371:Further reading
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945:Harry S. Truman
888:Norman Rockwell
870:Frederick Robie
861:Gifford Pinchot
843:Krist Novoselic
701:Robert Bergland
692:Charles J. Bell
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543:secret meetings
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436:political party
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406:public interest
302:
253:Grange Hall in
239:.nationalgrange
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217:John Benedik
155:Headquarters
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804:David Lubin
274:agriculture
190:Membership
1829:Categories
1242:0691116288
1015:References
976:The album
636:grassroots
601:March 2014
487:free trade
457:Washington
394:, and the
266:The Grange
113:Founded at
67:1867-12-04
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300:History
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1046:JSTOR
466:Today
318:Mason
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