731:
authority, Congress has determined when inhabitants can become nationals and what their status is at any given time. Prior to 1898, all persons born in U.S. possessions were treated as having been born in the United States, and upon acquisition, provisions were made for collective naturalization. After that date, possessions have been selectively judged to foreign localities and not subject to the
Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Because of that determination, all persons in the U.S. outlying possessions were considered U.S. nationals, non-citizens, until Congress chose to convey full rights of citizenship. This included inhabitants of American Samoa, Guam, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. Non-citizen nationals do not have full protection of their rights, though they may reside in the United States and gain entry without a visa. Likewise, territorial citizens do not have the ability for full participation in national politics.
1212:
relinquish nationality, but advised each case was to be reviewed in context. Nationals were advised to write a statement advising that their actions were not an intent to give up their nationality and file it with an embassy or consulate official. In 1990, Section 1481 was revised again, to reflect a new policy of the State
Department to presume that an individual did not intend to give up nationality, if the person performed a potentially expatriating act. Based on a consular memorandum, this meant that, for example, acquisition of nationality in another nation which included a routine declaration of allegiance, or accepting foreign employment in a non-policy position of another nation, should result in the assumption that the person had no intention of relinquishing their nationality through their actions. From that time, the United States effectively has allowed nationals to acquire new nationality while remaining a U.S. national, thereby holding
686:' opinion in the case was that men do not establish a legal tie to a child except by choice; whereas, a woman's legal tie is established by biology. In essence, a woman's tie with her child is legal when birth occurs and cannot be severed without legally terminating her parental rights, but a man can choose to walk away or establish a tie. The ruling meant that mothers were able to pass on their nationality at the birth of an illegitimate child born abroad, if the mother had lived for a continuous period of one year prior to the child's birth in the United States or a U.S. territory. For an unmarried man to pass nationality to an illegitimate child born abroad, before the child's eighteenth birthday, a blood relationship must be proved in court, the child must be recognized and legitimized, and the father's nationality at the time of birth must be confirmed. On the basis of
651:
citizenship. In 1982, Congress enacted provisions for children born between 1950 and 1982 to facilitate immigration for children of U.S. national fathers. Intended to assist children born in areas where the U.S. had been militarily active, it applied to children born in
Kampuchea, Korea, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. The special provisions did not give children nationality, but loosened the requirements for legitimization and financial support for children born abroad, removed scrutiny of the father's marital status, requiring only that the Attorney General establish that a presumed father was a citizen and that a sponsor agreed to take legal custody and support a child under the age of eighteen. In 1987, the Amerasian Homecoming Act facilitated resettlement of immigrant Vietnamese mothers and their children born between 1962 and 1972 to U.S. military personnel.
1067:
U.S. national are eligible for a reduced residency period of three years with half of it requiring physical presence. For the period immediately preceding application, persons must have three months residence established in the jurisdiction in which they are filing and must remain continuously in residence until completion of the granting of nationality. Non-citizen nationals of U.S. possessions are eligible for naturalization upon establishing residency in a state. The territory of the United States, for the purposes of determining a person's period of residence, includes the fifty states, the
District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, specifically excluding residence in American Samoa, except for American Samoans seeking naturalization.
1121:. The questions are publicly available on the web and require the applicant to answer ten out of one hundred possible questions. Most applicants must also have a working knowledge of the English language, demonstrated by testing their basic ability in reading and writing, rather than fluency. Long-term permanent residents are exempt from the language test. For example, a person who is over age fifty with twenty years of residency or over fifty-five with fifteen years of residency can opt to take the civics test in their original language. Persons over age sixty-five with twenty years residency may be given a shorter list of questions and those with physical or mental disadvantages are exempt from either the language or civics examinations. Granting of nationality is contingent upon taking an
889:
843:
1268:, or legal expatriation, includes the voluntary relinquishment of a national identity and all rights and privileges associated with it. It is accomplished by making a formal declaration, which is sworn before a designated authority in the United States during a time of war, or abroad at any time to a consular officer. Evidence which clearly establishes the intent to expatriate must be approved and if there is doubt, such as in the case where a declarant would become stateless, the Department of State may be reluctant to accept the declaration. After an interview and counseling on the consequences of renunciation, if the applicant wishes to proceed, a fee is paid, the declaration is made, and a renunciation ceremony, in which the applicant signs a
608:, retroactively removed the nationality of Asian men, automatically revoking their wives' nationality. If a U.S. woman married to a man of Asian descent left the country, she could not be readmitted to the United States. Husbands could petition for an exception allowing their foreign-born wives to lawfully immigrate, but wives were unable to petition for their husbands. Immediately after passage of the 1924 Act, the Department of Labor Secretary, James Davis, recommended extending its provisions to immigrants from Mexico and other countries in the Americas. Every year from 1926 to 1930, Congress considered bills evaluating imposing quotas for immigration from the other nations in the western hemisphere. In June 1924, the
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855:
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1144:
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mother. Their nationality was dependent on whether the mother had resided in the United States before the child was born. As the law was not retroactive, children born before 1934 were typically prevented from deriving citizenship from their mother. The statute also provided preferential naturalization for any foreign spouse married to a U.S. national. It stated that eligible foreigners, who met all other requirements of naturalization, could naturalize under reduced requirements forgoing a declaration of intent and needing only three years of continuous residency within the United States, Alaska, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico.
1041:
950:
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1316:, 377 U.S. 163 (1964), it found that persons who have been naturalized in the United States have the right to return to their native countries and to resume a former nationality while remaining a U.S. national. This applies even if they never return to the United States. Since 1990, the State Department has allowed multiple nationalities. Official policy is one of recognition that such a status exists, but the U.S. government does not endorse a policy of having multiple nationalities, though it is permitted. Dual nationality may run counter to expectations of government agencies in matters of
998:. Each of these sections confer nationality on persons living in these territories as of a certain date, and usually confer native-born status on persons born in incorporated territories after that date. Specified effective dates in the territories include April 11, 1899, for Guam and Puerto Rico; January 17, 1917, for the U.S. Virgin Islands; and November 4, 1986, for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Since passage of the Nationality Act of 1952, people born in these territories acquire nationality at birth.
281:
49:
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for any length of time in the United States or its possessions. Section 301(g) establishes that to attain automatic nationality for a child born abroad to a citizen and a foreign national, residency in the United States or its possessions is also required. Time served as active military service was considered equivalent to residence in the U.S. For children with one national parent, requirements vary, depending on when they were born, and whether the parents were married.
473:, or the assumption that a woman's loyalty and obligations to her spouse were more important than her loyalty and obligation to the nation. While the Nationality Act did not forbid a woman to have her own nationality, judicial rulings and custom on domestic matters established that infants, slaves, and women were unable to participate in public life, as a result of the belief that they lacked critical judgment and had no right to exercise free will or control property.
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824:
section 301(a). Regardless of the status of the parent, unless they are in the employ of a foreign government, birth within the territory confers nationality. The
Supreme Court has not explicitly ruled whether children born in the United States to unauthorized migrants present in the country are birthright nationals, but it is generally presumed they are. Birth certificates from U.S. jurisdictions are typically acceptable proof of nationality.
488:
husband's. A wife who married a foreign husband in this period was assumed to have suspended her nationality in favor of his. She was able to repatriate upon termination of the marriage and resumption of residence in the United States. While the 1855 Act specified that foreign wives gained U.S. nationality, the law created confusion as to whether it required
American women who married aliens to take the nationality of the spouse. For example,
794:
323:
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on residence and her husband's eligibility to naturalize; if she lived abroad, her nationality on re-entry to U.S. territory was therefore subject to the restrictions of the Quota Act. However, because the Cable Act was worded to specifically state that "women citizens" who married ineligible foreigners lost their nationality, it did not apply to
American Samoan women, as they were non-citizen nationals.
690:(486 U.S. 456, 1988), no similar requirement applies for a married man. However, for both married men and unmarried men, the statute "required the U.S.-born parent to have ten years' physical presence in the United States prior to the child's birth, 'at least five of which were after attaining' age 14". In 2001, the Supreme Court again upheld the unequal regulations in the case of
1310:, 343 U.S. 717 (1952) that dual nationality is a long-recognized status in the law and that "a person may have and exercise rights of nationality in two countries and be subject to the responsibilities of both. The mere fact he asserts the rights of one nationality does not, without more, mean that he renounces the other". In
520:. The language of the Amendment was race-neutral and granted nationality to anyone born in the United States who had no allegiance to a foreign power, but specifically excluded all Native Americans who adhered to tribal governance. It did not extend nationality to Native Americans or to women of any race. In
1340:
Because the status of the parents was irrelevant, except if they were in the employ as part of the military or diplomatic corps of a foreign government or Native
American, U.S.-born women could pass on their nationality to their children born in the United States, as could parents who themselves were
917:
If the child was born between
November 14, 1986, and June 11, 2017, to a U.S. mother who had resided in the United States or its possessions for one year, or to a U.S. father who had resided in the United States or its possessions five years before the child's birth, with two of them after the age of
909:
If the birth occurred between
January 13, 1941, and December 23, 1952, to a U.S. mother who had at any time resided in the United States or its possessions, or to a U.S. father who had legitimized the child during its minority and who had resided in the United States or its possessions for ten years,
632:
of paternity prior to a child reaching the age of majority for derivative nationality from the father. The 1940 Act also allowed all women who had previously lost their citizenship because of marriage to repatriate without regard to their marital status, by swearing the oath of allegiance, as opposed
1219:
Removing these items from the potential means of forfeiting U.S. nationality, the Nationality Act retained as possible causes of denaturalization, treason, sedition, or conspiring against the United States; employment as an official with policy-making authority of a foreign government; and voluntary
1151:
The United States has a lengthy history of involuntary expatriation (loss of nationality). From 1907, naturalized persons who returned to their country of origin for two or more years could be expatriated, as could native-born nationals who moved abroad and took allegiance to another nation. Married
1078:
Some exemptions from permanent residency exist for certain qualifying naturalization applicants. For example, since 1940, an immigrant who honorably served in the U.S. military during a designated period of hostility may naturalize without having first been a permanent resident. During peace time, a
1066:
of the United States, and have had a status of a legal permanent resident in the United States for five years before applying. A minimum physical presence in the territory for two and a half years is required, and absences of over six months reset the time frame. Persons married to and living with a
850:
For children born abroad, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad may be requested to confirm entitlement as a national. Section 301(c) of the Nationality Act of 1952 extends automatic nationality at birth to children born abroad to two parents who are U.S. nationals, as long as one of the parents resided
759:
of 1917, conferred nationality with citizenship rights upon all inhabitants of Puerto Rico, regardless of when their birth occurred in the territory. In 1927, U.S. nationals of the U.S. Virgin Islands were granted citizenship rights. American Samoa became a U.S. territory in 1929 and its inhabitants
1287:
were subject to ten years of continued taxation on their U.S.-source income, to prevent ex-nationals from taking advantage of special tax incentives offered to foreigners investing in the United States. Since 2008, these provisions no longer apply; instead, ex-citizens who meet certain asset or tax
823:
Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment provides that "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." The language has been codified in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952,
597:
was passed, declaring that an American woman could not be denied the right to naturalize because she was married. It established procedures for women, who had previously lost their citizenship because of marriage, to repatriate as naturalized (not birthright) citizens. A wife's nationality depended
580:
eliminated the uncertainty created in 1855, definitively stating that marriage solely determined all women's nationality. The law immediately revoked the nationality of married women, regardless of whether they were born in the United States or naturalized, if they were married to a non-citizen. It
957:
For people born in U.S. territories or possessions, nationality hinges upon whether they were born prior to the area being covered by U.S. sovereignty, during a period of U.S. sovereignty, or after U.S. sovereignty was terminated. Separate sections of the Nationality Act of 1952 handle territories
1090:
The Child Citizenship Act of 2000 provided that a minor child born abroad to a U.S.-national parent who had not satisfied the residency requirements for nationality at birth could qualify for special naturalization. In lieu of the parent, a child may also qualify under this process if the child's
941:, effective for children under eighteen or born on or after February 27, 2001, foreign adoptees of U.S. nationals, brought to the United States by a legal custodial parent in their minority, automatically derive nationality upon legal entry to the country and finalization of the adoption process.
751:
was modified to include language that persons born in the Canal Zone or in Panama itself, on or after February 26, 1904, to a parent who was, or formerly was, a United States national derived U.S. birthright citizenship. In 1906, Congress passed legislation to allow persons born in unincorporated
601:
Under the terms of the 1924 act, also known as the Asian Exclusion Act, Asians were not allowed to enter the country and were excluded from naturalization. It stated that an American-born woman whose nationality was lost because of marriage, regardless of whether that marriage had terminated, was
592:
were passed by Congress to address the concern that white authority was declining. The 1921 Act, known as the Emergency Quota Act, restricted immigration from various countries. The limits applied to foreign husbands and children of U.S.-born women, but provided an exemption for foreign wives and
487:
white culture. From 1802, only fathers were able to pass on their nationality to their children. The Naturalization Act of 1804 confirmed that a woman's nationality was dependent upon her marital status and the Naturalization Act of 1855 tied a wife's nationality, and that of her children, to her
913:
If the child was born between December 24, 1952, and November 13, 1986, to a U.S. mother who had resided in the United States or its possessions for one year, or to a U.S. father who had legitimized the child during its minority and who had resided in the United States or its possessions for ten
623:
signed the Inter-American Convention on the Nationality of Women, which became effective in 1934, legally reserving limitations for domestic legislative review. The Equal Nationality Act of 1934 was the first statute that allowed derivative nationality for children born abroad to pass from their
1211:
issued a partial list of actions such as paying taxes or recording a will in the United States, which would indicate intent to retain a national identity, or using a foreign passport when entering the United States or registering with a foreign political party, which might indicate an intent to
730:
of the Constitution gave Congress authority to regulate on behalf of United States territories and possessions. Using that power, Congress made distinctions for those territories which were to be incorporated eventually as states, and those that were not on a path of statehood. Because of this
650:
Until 1972, the Nationality Laws of the United States required that children born abroad to U.S. nationals complete a five-year residency by establishing a continuous domicile in the territory prior to their twenty-third birthday. Failure to establish a residence nullified U.S. nationality and
1023:
policy that provides that the citizenship provisions of the Constitution do not apply to persons born in American Samoa violates the 14th Amendment." Government attorneys had argued that "Such a novel holding would be contrary to the decisions of every court of appeals to have considered the
627:
Amendments to the Cable Act and nationality laws continued until 1940, when married women were granted their own nationality without restriction. That year, Congress amended the Nationality Act, distinguishing for the first time different rules for derivative nationality for legitimate and
1228:
has been able to prove that the naturalization was obtained by concealing their involvement in war crimes committed during World War II. They cannot be tried for crimes committed elsewhere, thus are denaturalized for immigration violations, and once they become aliens, ordered deported.
875:
If a birth abroad occurred after December 24, 1952, but prior to November 13, 1986, the U.S. national parent must have been the legal and genetic or gestational parent, and have resided in the United States or its possessions for ten years, with five of them after the age of
734:
In a series of Acts, the United States conveyed nationality upon outlying territories not destined for statehood. Inhabitants became neither aliens, eligible for naturalization, nor citizens with full rights. In 1900, legislation defined inhabitants in Puerto Rico as both
928:(137 S. Ct. 1678, 2017), the Supreme Court struck down the unequal residence requirement for unmarried parents to pass on nationality to their children born abroad, ruling that the equal but longer term of five years residency should apply until Congress amended the law.
576:. According to the decision, those born in insular possessions or unincorporated territories were not eligible for citizenship, though they were considered nationals and could hold a U.S. passport and gain diplomatic protection from the United States. Passage of the
658:(721 F. Supp. 243, N.C. Cal 1989) confirmed that a child born abroad prior to 1934 to a U.S.-born woman could obtain derivative nationality. As the case was not a class-action lawsuit, it did not impact others in similar situations; however, the 1993 ruling in
936:
Prior to 2000, adoptees had to be naturalized and could be subject to deportation in later life for various offenses. Adopted children born on or before February 26, 1983, are subject to the law in effect at the time they were adopted. With passage of the
637:
in 1952. Though it ended utilizing race as a criterion for admission to the country of nationalization, continued use of quotas to restrict immigration from Asian countries did not end racial exclusion. Until immigration laws were reformed by the
780:, were admitted as a territory, and inhabitants were conferred U.S. nationality with the rights of citizens. Co-administration of Panama and the Canal Zone commenced on October 1, 1979, and thereafter, U.S. nationality could not be acquired.
353:, various laws, and international agreements. Citizenship is established as a right under the Constitution, not as a privilege, for those born in the United States under its jurisdiction and those who have been "naturalized". While the words
905:
the child during its minority and who had resided in the United States or its possessions for ten years, with five of them after the age of sixteen, as long as the child resided in the United States for five years prior to the age of
1091:
grandparent has satisfied the five-year residency in the United States with two of those years occurring after the child reached the age of 14. Eligible children are not required to meet any other requirements for naturalization.
436:
are distinct and the United States recognizes the distinction between those who are entitled or not entitled to rights, its statutes typically use the words "citizen" and "citizenship" instead of "national" and "nationality". The
1152:
women were automatically expatriated upon marriage to foreign men or men who were unable to qualify for naturalization. From 1940, reasons for involuntary termination of nationality included service to a foreign government or in
6739:
1292:, a 1996 law, bars former nationals as inadmissible to the United States if the Attorney General finds that they renounced citizenship for purposes of avoiding taxes; however, it has never been enforced. Proposals such as the
696:(533 U.S. 53 2001) confirming that in the case of nationality, the inequality is present, which serves governmental objectives, to establish both a biological tie and a customary relationship between the child and parent.
6120:
900:
Effective 90 days after October 14, 1940 (whether born before or after this date), if the birth occurred to a U.S. mother who had at any time resided in the United States or its possessions, or to a U.S. father who had
1024:
question, inconsistent with over a century of historical practice by all three branches of the United States government, and conflict with the strong objection of the local government of American Samoa." Waddoups
1414:
The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they
871:
If a birth abroad occurred after May 24, 1934, but prior to December 23, 1952, the U.S. national parent must have resided in the United States or its possessions for ten years, with five of them after the age of
6088:
3479:
660:
302:
5612:
408:, where individuals are typically non-citizen U.S. nationals at birth. Foreign nationals living in any state or qualified territory may naturalize after going through the legal process of qualifying as
1156:, voting in a foreign election, military desertion, treason, or evidence of dual nationality, except for possession of a passport. The Supreme Court's interpretation of expatriation was made clear in
879:
If the birth occurred on or after November 14, 1986, the U.S. national must have resided in the United States for five years, two of them after the age of fourteen, previous to the birth of the child.
3535:
8092:
5025:
1134:
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and U.S. nationals. In 1902, similar legislation to that passed for Puerto Rico came in to force concerning the Philippines. The United States established special rules for people working in the
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5173:
1364:
allow unauthorized immigrants who were brought to the United States as children to enlist in the military as a pathway to naturalization. Enlistment requires verification of immigration status.
1225:
1184:, 387 U.S. 253, which found that for a person's voluntary action to initiate a loss of nationality, an inference of abandonment by the action must have been present. By 1978, the decision in
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8107:
7537:
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liability thresholds pay a capital gains tax on a deemed sale of their U.S. and non-U.S. assets, including retirement accounts, regardless of their reasons for giving up citizenship. The
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918:
fourteen. In addition, the father had to prove a biological relationship, agree to financially support the child, and formally legitimize the child prior to its majority (18 years old).
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5420:
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7005:
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to the previous policy of repatriation by naturalization. Racial exclusions for derivative naturalization of husbands of U.S.-citizen wives remained in place until passage of the
5591:
American Citizenship Rights of Women: Hearing Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Immigration, United States Senate, Seventy-second Congress, Second Session...March 2, 1933
8007:
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became non-citizen nationals. Since passage of the Nationality Act of 1940, non-citizen nationals may transmit their non-citizen U.S. nationality to children born abroad. The
9493:
9398:
8724:
6995:
924:
6280:
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6568:
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469:. It limited those who were eligible to be nationals as free, white persons. Following the practices of English common law, the legal system of the United States absorbed
8077:
4418:
4140:
7610:
7494:
7294:
7226:
8062:
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5358:
5354:
1247:
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3950:
1138:
9408:
9226:
8258:
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7455:
6712:
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721:
8097:
9533:
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6746:
6657:
6647:
5478:
5077:
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309:
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1246:. Juries are typically not present and the defendant may be compelled to testify. Failure to testify may result in a presumption of guilt, though defendants can
1117:
and pay requisite fees. They must demonstrate good moral character, evidenced by a lack of a criminal history, and must pass a test on United States history and
4342:
7440:
7435:
7404:
7399:
6642:
6615:
1083:
program may naturalize without first having been a permanent resident. Similarly, an immigrant who has made extraordinary contributions, such as scientists or
1057:
513:
454:
7445:
7425:
7409:
6632:
6391:
5961:
5715:
3552:
3525:
8002:
7376:
7031:
4739:
4604:
1029:
17:
3825:
8253:
7381:
7345:
6960:
6751:
6173:
5013:
4821:
1158:
1079:
foreigner's honorable military service reduces the residency requirement to one year. A legal but not permanent immigrant who successfully completed the
602:
ineligible for naturalization and was considered to have been "born in the country of which a citizen or subject". The Supreme Court ruling of 1923, in
1009:, who are granted the status of non-citizen-nationals. A December 12, 2019, ruling by U.S. District Judge Clark Waddoups struck down the special status
8657:
8087:
7982:
7350:
7330:
7320:
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1114:
165:
5165:
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7325:
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renunciation. Fraud, committed in conjunction with an application for naturalization can also make nationality voidable. Typically, prominent former
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7051:
8862:
7085:
6818:
6561:
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There are various ways a person can acquire United States nationality, either at birth by naturalization or through court decisions and treaties.
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of the United States, which were not on a path toward statehood, had limited applicability of the U.S. Constitution. At the time, these included
553:
103:
4359:
1324:. The State Department issued a memorandum in 2016, advising agencies of proper evaluation procedures to weigh the risks of plural nationality.
1087:, can be exempted from residency as well as the physical presence requirement and prohibitions for support of totalitarianism and or communism.
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8668:
7274:
7269:
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1347:(169 U.S. 649, 1898) that children born in the United States to immigrants, who were not eligible for naturalization, were birthright citizens.
1080:
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668:
declared section 1993, which denied a woman's ability to transmit nationality to her children born before 1934, unconstitutional. In the case
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6593:
837:
6342:
6318:
4646:
1232:
The process of denaturalization is a legal procedure which results in nullifying nationality. Based upon the 1943 Supreme Court decision of
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8475:
7527:
5401:
4521:. 110th Congress, First Session, House of Representatives, Document No. 110-50. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
4284:
1283:. Originally, under the Foreign Investors Tax Act of 1966, people determined to be giving up their nationality for the purpose of avoiding
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713:
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defines the legal relationship between a person and a state or nation, specifying who is a member or subject of a particular nation. The
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259:
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in 1950, the Court ruled that not knowing the consequences of one's actions was equally voluntary expatriation. The 1958 decision in
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442:
149:
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1178:, which upheld denaturalization for foreign voting, marked a turning point, and the decision was reversed in 1967 in the ruling for
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7967:
6945:
6707:
6033:
5988:
5617:
4309:"Born in the U.S.A., But Not Natural Born: How Congressional Territorial Policy Bars Native-Born Puerto Ricans from the Presidency"
717:
202:
170:
98:
5339:
Smith, Marian L. (Summer 1998). "'Any woman who is now or may hereafter be married...': Women and Naturalization, ca. 1802โ1940".
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illegitimate children. Under the provisions, children born out of wedlock passed from mother to child automatically, but required
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6768:
6294:
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5042:
639:
634:
295:
254:
250:
73:
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9198:
9100:
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8268:
7937:
7815:
6889:
4386:
4168:
4148:
1357:
1062:
To become naturalized in the United States, an applicant must be at least eighteen years of age at the time of filing, a legal
888:
765:
7952:
5014:"The Supreme Court Strikes Down a Nationality Law That Treated Fathers Differently Than Mothers Based on Outdated Stereotypes"
9916:
8490:
7580:
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7153:
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6537:
U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7: Acquisition of U.S. Nationality in U.S. Territories and Possessions
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6230:
8703:
8223:
8017:
7000:
6859:
5941:
4993:
4948:
4117:
1048:
A person who was not born a United States national may acquire U.S. nationality through a process known as naturalization.
4053:
3629:
3553:"'She Was Surprised and Furious': Expatriation, Suffrage, Immigration, and the Fragility of Women's Citizenship,1907โ1940"
9067:
8599:
8218:
7810:
7080:
6970:
6910:
6675:
5732:
1063:
604:
4605:"The Restraints of Schneider v. Rusk upon the Foreign Policy Powers of the Political Branches: How Meaningful Are They?"
1001:
Congress has conferred birthright nationality, through legislation, to persons born in all inhabited territories except
9784:
9453:
9140:
7855:
6823:
6577:
6481:
6020:
5487:
4849:
4527:
4468:
4199:
1259:
1122:
581:
was retroactive and did not require a wife's consent, leaving many women unaware that they had lost their nationality.
527:
119:
4785:"American Samoa or Eastern Samoa? The Potential for American Samoa to Become Freely Associated with the United States"
9960:
9879:
9550:
8198:
7560:
7235:
6756:
4593:
4539:
4308:
4088:
4042:
3688:
3428:
1216:, and has ceased seeking records of newly nationalized persons abroad to evaluate their potential denationalization.
1208:
1195:
1011:
991:
983:
975:
967:
959:
953:
Message in the passport of an American Samoan stating that the passport holder is a national, not citizen, of the U.S
744:
675:
438:
432:
are defined by this relationship, as well as the protections to which nationals are entitled. Though nationality and
350:
68:
1070:
540:(112 U.S. 94, 1884) confirmed that Native Americans did not have birthright nationality in United States territory.
8698:
8042:
7111:
5695:
4908:
4271:
429:
397:
129:
63:
31:
6384:
5929:
3931:
10007:
9889:
9648:
9002:
8842:
8047:
8032:
7148:
6874:
6625:
6358:
5681:
5595:
4618:
3866:
3579:
1255:
5583:. Vol. 2: January 1944 to August 1947. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 778โ782.
4727:
9037:
9017:
8917:
8765:
8454:
7143:
6915:
6783:
5021:
3853:
3802:
3680:
3617:
1147:
A Certificate of Loss of Nationality, signifying that the bearer has relinquished or renounced U.S. nationality
1028:
his ruling on December 13 pending appellate review, so it did not take immediate effect. On June 15, 2021, the
6136:
4784:
1166:'s conduct, choosing to marry a non-national, was a voluntary acceptance to be denationalized. In the case of
854:
9468:
9353:
9032:
8877:
8228:
8168:
7757:
7168:
6975:
5416:
5141:
3946:
1343:
1284:
1234:
949:
938:
269:
218:
9774:
6246:
10125:
9478:
9438:
9203:
8837:
8718:
8516:
7947:
7820:
7625:
7507:
7307:
5284:
3783:
1289:
1243:
665:
517:
6521:
3972:
A Collection of Nationality Laws of Various Countries as Contained in Constitutions, Statutes and Treaties
1143:
9995:
9950:
9869:
9864:
9844:
9789:
9779:
9744:
9473:
9393:
9328:
9125:
9012:
8962:
8832:
8732:
8636:
8594:
8589:
7992:
7678:
7643:
7075:
6980:
4398:
3674:
3655:
1478:
761:
496:, reacquired her U.S. nationality in 1898 by an Act of Congress, after a divorce from a British husband.
88:
30:
This article is about laws for acquiring U.S. nationality. For rights and privileges of citizenship, see
6192:
1125:; however since 2000 an exception has been made for people with diminished physical or mental capacity.
764:
became effective in 1946, and thereafter, Filipinos did not have U.S. nationality. The residents of the
9945:
9922:
9859:
9839:
9799:
9683:
9658:
9653:
9483:
9458:
9363:
9298:
9288:
9278:
9268:
9208:
9193:
9188:
9163:
9145:
9077:
9007:
8977:
8867:
8686:
8133:
8102:
7825:
7590:
7585:
6940:
6905:
5671:
5626:
5508:
4801:
4496:
4059:(Report). Washington, D. C.: Committee on Resources, House of Representatives. B-271897. Archived from
3803:"The U.S. Tax Consequences of Expatriation: Is It a Tax Planning Opportunity or a Trap for the Unwary?"
3716:
466:
207:
4920:
4579:
4515:
3998:"Though Ordered Deported, Suspected Nazi War Criminals Never Left U.S.; Other Nations Won't Take Them"
9814:
9698:
9673:
9628:
9623:
9573:
9498:
9448:
9423:
9418:
9388:
9343:
9333:
9293:
9263:
9253:
9243:
9158:
9135:
9110:
9047:
8967:
8892:
8857:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8758:
8434:
8314:
8113:
7845:
7668:
7545:
7391:
7041:
6729:
5184:
Civil Rights in the Shadow of Slavery: The Constitution, Common Law, and the Civil Rights Act of 1866
1378:
1306:
6464:
10146:
9899:
9769:
9759:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9688:
9598:
9578:
9563:
9413:
9383:
9338:
9323:
9283:
9273:
9248:
9178:
9173:
9120:
9115:
9105:
9057:
9052:
9042:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8972:
8952:
8947:
8937:
8907:
8897:
8887:
8882:
8872:
8852:
8812:
8802:
8403:
8273:
8137:
7997:
7916:
7762:
7752:
7620:
6724:
6719:
6702:
6257:
5211:"Women, Citizenship, and Nationality: Immigration and Naturalization Policies in the United States"
4792:
736:
577:
573:
509:
212:
93:
5930:"Human Rights Law and the Taxation Consequences for Renouncing Citizenship Renouncing Citizenship"
896:
Automatic nationality is extended based upon the law applicable at the time of the child's birth:
867:
Automatic nationality is extended based upon the law applicable at the time of the child's birth:
9874:
9854:
9819:
9809:
9804:
9794:
9764:
9708:
9703:
9663:
9643:
9638:
9603:
9583:
9568:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9428:
9403:
9378:
9368:
9348:
9258:
9183:
9072:
9062:
8997:
8932:
8922:
8912:
8902:
8847:
8807:
8193:
8141:
8067:
7895:
7772:
7767:
7703:
7673:
7615:
6685:
6620:
6334:
6310:
5881:
5188:
5070:"The Citizenship Clause, Original Meaning, and the Egalitarian Unity of the Fourteenth Amendment"
4868:
4002:
3976:
3912:
3862:
3813:
1296:
to rewrite the Reed Amendment and make it enforceable failed in committee in both 2012 and 2013.
589:
531:
264:
229:
10112:
9894:
9884:
9849:
9749:
9693:
9678:
9613:
9608:
9593:
9488:
9463:
9433:
9358:
9318:
9150:
9022:
8957:
8942:
8927:
8356:
7875:
7800:
7747:
7698:
7522:
7116:
6843:
6690:
6536:
5733:"Divesting Citizenship: On Asian American History and the Loss of Citizenship through Marriage"
5491:
4188:
4011:
1321:
1258:
and the Supreme Court. Once the legal process has concluded, the Department of State issues a
1239:
1040:
756:
609:
479:
446:
224:
139:
6006:
5978:
5810:
5774:
5576:
5390:
4841:
4759:
4711:
4673:
4490:
4189:"Supreme Court of the United States: Syllabus โ Sessions, Attorney General v. Morales-Santana"
4028:
682:
in the treatment of women and men passing their nationality to illegitimate children. Justice
9955:
9713:
9668:
9633:
9618:
9588:
9443:
9373:
9130:
8563:
7942:
7910:
7741:
7570:
7517:
6965:
6778:
6511:
6472:
5589:
5395:. Vol. 17: June 1979 โ February 1981. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
5215:
5182:
5106:
5047:
4957:
4735:
4678:
4462:
3906:
3775:
3649:
484:
5866:
4846:
The Greatest and the Grandest Act: The Civil Rights Act of 1866 from Reconstruction to Today
743:
in 1903, under the terms of the Panamanian-U.S. Canal Convention. Under its provisions, the
10076:
10049:
9940:
9503:
8708:
8263:
7977:
7972:
7927:
7900:
7850:
7595:
5527:
5382:
5273:"Contested Citizenship: National Identity and the Mexican Immigration Debates of the 1920s"
4609:
3526:"US Court Clears Path for Fast-Track Citizenship for Foreign-Born Military Service Members"
2686:
1484:
1238:, clear and convincing evidence must be evaluated in processing a denaturalization action.
1213:
1100:
616:
285:
134:
4436:"Citizenship for Military Service? California Democrat Renews Bill to Let Dreamers Enlist"
4435:
1105:
8:
10066:
9985:
9528:
8691:
8480:
8208:
8072:
7860:
7805:
7708:
7565:
6285:
4279:
4184:
4136:
3567:
3492:(1). Charlottesville, Virginia: John Bassett Moore Society of International Law: 93โ139.
3475:
3419:
2779:
2777:
1153:
1025:
773:
615:
In 1933, the United States delegation to the Pan-American Union's Montevideo conference,
585:
522:
465:
The first statute to define nationality and naturalization in the United States was the
9965:
8393:
8377:
8238:
8052:
8027:
8012:
7922:
7890:
7880:
7840:
7830:
7188:
7064:
6864:
6828:
6493:
6335:"Policy Manual: Chapter 4 โ Automatic Acquisition of Citizenship after Birth (INA 320)"
6216:
6153:
6144:
6053:
5909:
5749:
5686:
5654:
5320:
5304:
5252:
4977:
4765:
4243:
4097:
3886:
3744:
3700:"Challenging American Boundaries: Indigenous People and the "Gift" of U.S. Citizenship"
3448:
2840:
1317:
1254:, but rather clear, convincing, and unequivocal evidence. Decisions may be appealed in
810:
727:
670:
505:
450:
245:
5529:
5528:
United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women; Chinkin, Christine (June 2003).
4081:"The Uncertain Role of Innocence in United StatesEfforts to Deport Nazi War Criminals"
2792:
2774:
2673:
2671:
902:
776:, were conferred the rights of citizenship. In 1976, the Trust Territories became the
772:, but it was not included as a territory at that time. U.S. nationals of Guam, by the
10107:
10059:
8713:
8459:
8444:
8424:
8298:
8173:
8152:
8124:
7728:
7555:
6920:
6546:
6449:
6165:
6157:
6069:
6061:
6045:
6029:
6002:
5992:
5953:
5945:
5913:
5901:
5893:
5846:
5806:
5798:
5790:
5761:
5753:
5707:
5699:
5658:
5646:
5638:
5599:
5548:
5540:
5486:. 7th Conference of American Republics, Montevideo, December 1933. Washington, D.C.:
5450:
5370:
5362:
5341:
5324:
5312:
5296:
5256:
5244:
5236:
5224:
5210:
5192:
5098:
5090:
4985:
4969:
4912:
4853:
4813:
4805:
4769:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4622:
4589:
4551:
4543:
4500:
4472:
4410:
4402:
4334:
4326:
4288:
4251:
4235:
4160:
4152:
4109:
4101:
4038:
3980:
3916:
3878:
3817:
3787:
3748:
3736:
3728:
3684:
3659:
3621:
3571:
3501:
3493:
3456:
3440:
1312:
1294:
Expatriation Prevention by Abolishing Tax-Related Incentives for Offshore Tenancy Act
1186:
1174:
740:
683:
7204:
5827:"Protecting Sex: Sexual Disincentives and Sex-Based Discrimination in Nguyen v. INS"
3168:
2621:
2619:
1019:
of American Samoans as non-citizen nationals as unconstitutional, holding that "any
9990:
8335:
8082:
7957:
7885:
7870:
7605:
7550:
7512:
7158:
7128:
7046:
6695:
6680:
6485:
6290:
6037:
5885:
5838:
5775:"Citizenship in U.S. Territories: Constitutional Right or Congressional Privilege?"
5630:
5501:"The US Has Come a Long Way Since Its First, Highly Restrictive Naturalization Law"
5288:
5228:
4961:
4486:
3870:
3720:
3598:
3530:
3432:
2668:
1280:
1251:
1199:
1190:
made it clear that a specific intent to expatriate must exist to lose nationality.
1020:
1015:
620:
493:
393:
2827:
2825:
2807:
2749:
2747:
1670:
674:(523 U.S. 420 1998), the court upheld discriminatory regulations set out in Title
10071:
8781:
8620:
8568:
8449:
8408:
8319:
8243:
8147:
8129:
7865:
7835:
7693:
6833:
6808:
6531:
6443:
6226:
6137:"American Samoa and the Citizenship Clause: A Study in Insular Cases Revisionism"
5982:
5740:
5412:
5206:
5137:
4575:
4440:
3942:
3908:
The Founders on Citizenship and Immigration: Principles and Challenges in America
2616:
1207:
must exist when performing a voluntary act for loss of nationality to occur. The
1180:
995:
987:
979:
971:
963:
858:
A State Department certification of report of birth, issued between 1990 and 2010
748:
679:
327:
5539:. New York, New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
4940:
4528:"Dual Nationality, the Myth of Election, and a Kinder, Gentler State Department"
4080:
838:
Birth certificate ยง Consular reports of birth for individuals born overseas
10102:
10002:
8558:
8537:
8521:
8485:
8429:
8398:
8213:
7070:
7036:
6990:
6221:
5786:
5386:
5232:
4728:"Demanding their Rights: The Latino Struggle for Educational Access and Equity"
4585:
4387:"What Was Taney Thinking? American Indian Citizenship in the Era of Dred Scott"
4360:"Opinion Analysis: Court Rejects Gender-Based Distinctions in Citizenship Laws"
4060:
4034:
3776:"Justice for All? Marriage and Deprivation of Citizenship in the United States"
3602:
2822:
2744:
1293:
1242:
for the district in which a defendant resides bring suit in the jurisdiction's
1002:
769:
536:
483:(60 U.S. (19 How.) 393, 1857) were only eligible to become naturalized if they
405:
331:
6169:
5957:
5905:
5802:
5711:
5650:
5634:
5316:
5248:
5102:
4989:
4703:
4581:
No Constitutional Right to Be Ladies: Women and the Obligations of Citizenship
4555:
4338:
4255:
4164:
4113:
3740:
3724:
3460:
10163:
10132:
10081:
10013:
9555:
8663:
8584:
8542:
8511:
8439:
8361:
8233:
8203:
8119:
8022:
7733:
7688:
7178:
7173:
7101:
6869:
6161:
6065:
6049:
5949:
5897:
5850:
5794:
5765:
5757:
5703:
5642:
5552:
5544:
5474:
5454:
5374:
5366:
5300:
5240:
5166:"American Samoans' Citizenship Status Still in Limbo After Judge Issues Stay"
5094:
4973:
4916:
4809:
4695:
4626:
4547:
4414:
4406:
4330:
4292:
4239:
4156:
4105:
3984:
3882:
3844:
3821:
3771:
3732:
3625:
3575:
3497:
3444:
1084:
1006:
833:
692:
549:
477:
were considered to be subjects of foreign governments and per decisions like
346:
6217:"Convention on the Nationality of Women (Inter-American); December 26, 1933"
5889:
5842:
4817:
3505:
457:, there was no other language in the Constitution dealing with nationality.
48:
10028:
7138:
6879:
6813:
6073:
5603:
1762:
1203:
was amended based on these court decisions to affirm that the intention to
629:
557:
489:
2658:
2656:
768:
came under U.S. jurisdiction in 1947, pursuant to an arrangement with the
612:
granted Native Americans, unilaterally, nationality in the United States.
10086:
10044:
8615:
8495:
4755:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2557:
892:
A State Department consular report of birth abroad, issued beginning 2011
569:
565:
433:
425:
382:
342:
6541:
5308:
5272:
4247:
4223:
1135:
List of former United States citizens who relinquished their nationality
8340:
6516:
6497:
6281:"Former Nazi Camp Guard, 94, Who Lived in US for Years, to Be Deported"
6057:
6015:
4981:
4637:
4364:
3988:
3890:
3848:
3516:
3480:"Gendered States: A Comparative Construction of Citizenship and Nation"
3452:
3414:
2653:
1485:
United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women & Chinkin 2003
409:
389:
83:
4495:. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Cambridge, UK:
4224:"Married Women's Nationality in the International Context (1918โ1935)"
2634:
2545:
846:
A State Department certification of birth abroad, issued prior to 1990
8248:
5837:(1). New York, New York: Columbia University School of Law: 222โ273.
5292:
4647:"'I'm An American' Radio Show Promoted Inclusion Before World War II"
3676:
A Nationality of her Own: Women, Marriage, and the Law of Citizenship
2592:
1361:
594:
470:
6489:
6041:
5587:
4965:
3874:
3436:
1676:
1341:
part of a restricted group. For example, the Supreme Court ruled in
1109:
Questions and answers for the civics portion of the citizenship test
1074:
A person holding up his certificate of derivative citizenship (2010)
10054:
10020:
8750:
7183:
7133:
6774:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
6095:. Washington, D. C.: U.S. Department of State. 2014. Archived from
5445:
2001:
1798:
1583:
818:
793:
401:
322:
4141:"Sexual Equality Under the Fourteenth and Equal Rights Amendments"
3849:"Marriage and Women's Citizenship in the United States, 1830โ1934"
2229:
2193:
1224:
officers who acquired U.S. nationality have had it revoked if the
8283:
7713:
6113:"Acquisition of U.S. Citizenship at Birth by a Child Born Abroad"
6089:"Acquisition of U.S. Citizenship at Birth by a Child Born Abroad"
5581:
Administrative Decisions Under Immigration & Nationality Laws
5392:
Administrative Decisions Under Immigration & Nationality Laws
5043:"Two Senators Want to Stop Facebook's Saverin from Dodging Taxes"
4007:
2285:
2283:
2132:
2130:
1534:
1532:
827:
5981:. In Davis, Michael H.; Rizzo, Danielle M.; Vrapi, Olsi (eds.).
3390:
3318:
3234:
1495:
1493:
543:
7193:
6191:
5874:
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
2449:
2355:
1768:
1118:
645:
6532:
U.S. regulations regarding loss and restoration of citizenship
4516:"The Constitution of the United States of America, As Amended"
2991:
2989:
2987:
2437:
2280:
2241:
2205:
2181:
2127:
1881:
1529:
958:
that the United States has acquired over time, such as Alaska
499:
349:, nationality is typically obtained through provisions in the
2604:
2497:
2413:
1490:
341:
details the conditions in which a person holds United States
3212:
3210:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3117:
3115:
2533:
2159:
2157:
1740:
1738:
1571:
449:
the authority to establish a naturalization law. Before the
4513:
4234:(1: Gender and the Citizen). Paris: รditions Belin: 73โ94.
3905:
Erler, Edward J.; West, Thomas G.; Marini, John A. (2007).
3342:
2984:
2563:
2386:
2384:
2382:
1786:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1607:
1549:
1547:
1221:
561:
412:
and meeting a residence requirement (normally five years).
6527:
U.S. Citizenship Laws & Policy (U.S. State Department)
6111:
6087:
4272:"When Saying "I Do" Meant Giving Up Your U.S. Citizenship"
2662:
2647:
2076:
1723:
1442:
1139:
List of denaturalized former citizens of the United States
5169:
4651:
4051:
3801:
Buss, David; Hryck, David; Granwell, Alan (August 2007).
3354:
3306:
3294:
3207:
3195:
3183:
3139:
3112:
3100:
2270:
2268:
2154:
1929:
1905:
1750:
1735:
1430:
752:
territories to be naturalized, under special provisions.
722:
United States Virgin Islander citizenship and nationality
441:
did not define either nationality or citizenship, but in
6747:
Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
5613:"US Territorial Citizenship Today: Four Interpretations"
5577:"In the Matter of W: In Exclusion Proceedings A-6391576"
5287:
for the Immigration & Ethnic History Society: 3โ35.
5078:
University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law
4894:"Unreformed: Towards Gender Equality in Immigration Law"
4875:. Washington, D. C.: United States Department of State.
4368:. Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States.
4314:
University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law
4054:
U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution
3330:
3052:
2880:"US court overturns American Samoa citizenship decision"
2509:
2425:
2379:
2367:
1842:
1840:
1706:
1544:
4866:
4026:
3282:
3258:
2974:
2972:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2551:
2331:
2217:
2115:
2093:
2091:
2040:
2018:
2016:
2007:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1279:
People giving up U.S. nationality may be subject to an
330:
receiving his Certificate of Naturalization from Judge
6576:
6441:
5441:"Why Americans Abroad Are Giving Up Their Citizenship"
3560:
Stanford Journal of Civil Rights & Civil Liberties
3366:
3042:
3040:
2957:
2933:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2295:
2265:
2253:
2103:
2064:
1682:
1559:
1058:
Ideological restrictions on naturalization in U.S. law
514:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
7234:
6119:. Washington, D. C.: U.S. Department of State. 2017.
3378:
3270:
3246:
3222:
3127:
3088:
3076:
2762:
2307:
2052:
1989:
1917:
1893:
1837:
1815:
1813:
1774:
1624:
1622:
1517:
1505:
365:
is a broader legal term, such that a person can be a
6311:"Policy Manual: Chapter 2 โ Becoming a U.S. Citizen"
6247:"Dual Citizenship โ Security Clearance Implications"
5867:"The Value of Citizenship and Service to the Nation"
5381:
4869:"The Immigration Act of 1924 (The Johnson-Reed Act)"
3969:
Flournoy, Richard W. Jr.; Hudson, Manley O. (1929).
3156:
2969:
2945:
2921:
2898:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2701:
2461:
2169:
2088:
2028:
2013:
1977:
1965:
1953:
1941:
1869:
1852:
1825:
1804:
1694:
1646:
1595:
1589:
1418:
1030:
United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
974:, both incorporated, and unincorporated Puerto Rico
699:
593:
children of birthright male nationals. In 1922, the
6752:
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
6390:. Washington, D.C.: US Congress. October 14, 1940.
6279:
6245:
4027:Gansallo, Ayodele; Bernstein-Baker, Judith (2016).
3396:
3174:
3064:
3037:
3025:
3001:
2569:
2521:
2485:
2473:
2396:
2343:
2319:
1658:
1634:
1454:
914:
years, with five of them after the age of fourteen.
8658:Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787
6542:Free Online U.S. Citizenship Practice Test (USCIS)
6135:
5979:"Renouncing U.S. Citizenship Through Expatriation"
5492:Alexander Street Press: Women and Social Movements
4754:
2846:
2598:
2142:
1810:
1619:
1466:
1115:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
1113:Applicants must apply for naturalization with the
642:, the restrictive quota system remained in place.
6417:. Washington, D.C.: US House of Representatives.
5682:"American Nationals and Interstitial Citizenship"
5351:U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
4688:University of California, Berkeley, School of Law
3800:
3324:
3013:
2855:
2732:
2720:
1396:
1051:
804:
10161:
6713:U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division
6364:. Washington, D.C.: US Congress. June 27, 1952.
5865:Wong, Cara; Bonaguro, Jonathan (November 2020).
5610:
2455:
2361:
944:
922:In 2017, in a unanimous decision in the case of
5124:
3904:
3474:
2610:
2539:
2443:
2289:
2247:
2235:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2136:
1356:Though bills have been introduced, neither the
797:A judge swears in a new citizen. New York, 1910
104:Deportation of Americans from the United States
27:History and regulations of American citizenship
8669:Bibliography of the United States Constitution
6383:
6357:
6333:
6309:
6215:
5438:
4489:(1999). Appleby, Joyce; Ball, Terence (eds.).
4052:General Accounting Office (November 7, 1997).
3968:
3778:. In Sarat, Austin; Kearns, Thomas R. (eds.).
3348:
2831:
2813:
2798:
2783:
2753:
2692:
2677:
2625:
2419:
2082:
1081:Military Accessions Vital to National Interest
828:Through birth abroad to United States citizens
400:are United States citizens (and nationals) by
8766:
7220:
7027:Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
6562:
5588:U.S. Senate Committee on Immigration (1933).
4758:; Forte, David F.; Spalding, Matthew (2005).
4532:University of Miami Inter-American Law Review
4514:Joint Committee on Printing (July 25, 2007).
4221:
3780:Justice and Injustice in Law and Legal Theory
1448:
1094:
788:
661:Wauchope v. United States Department of State
544:Restrictions and interpretations 1900 to 1965
460:
303:
9913:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
6411:"Title 8, Chapter 12, USC 1101: Definitions"
5864:
5575:United States Department of Justice (1950).
4285:National Archives and Records Administration
2995:
778:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
714:Northern Mariana citizenship and nationality
646:Refinements and interpretations 1966 to 2001
420:
7124:Democratic backsliding in the United States
6762:Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act
5611:Venator-Santiago, Charles R. (March 2017).
5040:
4655:. Washington, D.C.: National Public Radio.
3336:
910:with five of them after the age of sixteen.
815:Birthright citizenship in the United States
706:American Samoan citizenship and nationality
500:Expansions and interpretations 1866 to 1900
79:Effects of immigration to the United States
8773:
8759:
7227:
7213:
6569:
6555:
6465:"Our Non-Citizen Nationals, Who Are They?"
5402:"Report on Citizenship Law: United States"
5180:
5136:. Translated by Rubio Grundell, Lucrecia.
4030:Understanding Immigration Law and Practice
3672:
3651:Multiple Nationality And International Law
3603:"Citizenship in the American Constitution"
3412:
3240:
2163:
1935:
1717:
1613:
1553:
656:Elias v. United States Department of State
310:
296:
260:Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
5067:
4725:
4485:
4464:Sex and Citizenship in Antebellum America
4078:
3708:Studies in American Political Development
3216:
3201:
3189:
3150:
1899:
1756:
1744:
1677:U.S. Senate Committee on Immigration 1933
1577:
42:United States citizenship and immigration
8725:Scene at the Signing of the Constitution
6462:
6034:Center for Migration Studies of New York
5989:American Immigration Lawyers Association
5679:
5498:
5439:Stcherbatcheff, Barbara (July 1, 2014).
5270:
4891:
4460:
4183:
4135:
3697:
3566:(Special Issue). Palo Alto, California:
2515:
2503:
2431:
2390:
2373:
2313:
2070:
2058:
2046:
1792:
1780:
1652:
1565:
1142:
1104:
1069:
1039:
948:
887:
883:
853:
841:
792:
718:Puerto Rican citizenship and nationality
321:
6769:National Voter Registration Act of 1993
6725:Title I of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
6409:
6339:US Citizenship and Immigration Services
6315:US Citizenship and Immigration Services
5976:
5927:
5824:
5562:from the original on September 21, 2020
5473:
4938:
4562:from the original on September 21, 2020
3995:
3929:
3312:
3300:
3288:
3276:
3264:
3252:
3162:
2951:
2301:
2274:
2259:
2109:
1499:
1460:
1436:
640:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
251:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
74:Immigration policy of the United States
14:
10162:
7006:United States Virgin Islands residents
6463:McGovney, Dudley O. (September 1934).
6321:from the original on February 22, 2021
6267:from the original on December 31, 2020
6233:from the original on December 27, 2020
6203:from the original on December 23, 2018
5574:
5426:from the original on December 13, 2019
5205:
5125:Rodrรญguez Serna, Nicolรกs (June 2016).
5028:from the original on November 12, 2020
4879:from the original on November 16, 2019
4839:
4782:
4761:The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
4644:
4602:
4574:
4448:from the original on November 19, 2020
4421:from the original on November 25, 2020
4345:from the original on September 4, 2020
4269:
4222:Guerry, Linda; Rundell, Ethan (2016).
4209:from the original on February 24, 2021
3597:
3550:
3523:
3413:Aleinikoff, T. Alexander (June 1986).
3372:
3058:
3007:
2963:
2939:
2223:
2148:
2121:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1923:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1846:
1831:
1729:
1700:
1688:
1664:
1640:
1538:
1523:
1511:
1402:
1358:Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
1128:
1044:A certificate of naturalization (1955)
862:
766:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
664:(985 F.2d 1407, 9th Cir. 1993) by the
552:of 1901, the Supreme Court ruled that
516:to grant citizenship status to former
8754:
7208:
6550:
6371:from the original on January 26, 2021
6179:from the original on October 27, 2017
6016:"Explaining Immigrant Naturalization"
5928:Worster, William Thomas (Fall 2017).
5772:
5730:
5618:PS โ Political Science & Politics
5515:from the original on October 28, 2020
5399:
5338:
5176:from the original on January 5, 2021.
5087:University of Pennsylvania Law School
5055:from the original on October 20, 2020
4525:
4385:Hoxie, Frederick E. (December 2006).
4384:
4372:from the original on December 3, 2020
4323:University of Pennsylvania Law School
4079:Getschman, Gregory J. (Summer 1988).
3932:"Report on Citizenship Law: Colombia"
3831:from the original on February 1, 2014
3538:from the original on January 15, 2021
3485:Virginia Journal of International Law
3384:
3360:
3228:
3133:
3121:
3106:
3094:
3082:
3070:
3046:
3031:
2978:
2915:
2768:
2714:
2586:
2467:
2097:
1819:
1628:
1601:
710:Guamanian citizenship and nationality
572:, acquired in 1898 at the end of the
430:rights and obligations of citizenship
8780:
8704:Constitution Day and Citizenship Day
6599:House Electors Qualifications Clause
6517:U.S. Citizenship Information (USCIS)
6013:
5942:Saint Louis University School of Law
5680:Villazor, Rose Cuison (March 2017).
5530:"Women, Nationality and Citizenship"
5449:. New York, New York: Newsweek LLC.
5163:
5068:Rodrรญguez, Cristina M. (July 2009).
5011:
4949:The University of Chicago Law Review
4939:Orfield, Lester B. (December 1934).
4584:(1st ed.). New York, New York:
4433:
4357:
4306:
3843:
3770:
3647:
3019:
2927:
2866:
2738:
2726:
2349:
2337:
2325:
2175:
2034:
2022:
1959:
1947:
1911:
1769:Civil War on the Western Border 2016
1472:
1424:
361:are sometimes used interchangeably,
18:Nationality law of the United States
8692:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom
8219:Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
6421:from the original on April 23, 2018
6197:Civil War on the Western Border.org
5923:from the original on March 1, 2021.
5718:from the original on March 22, 2020
5164:Romo, Vanessa (December 13, 2019).
5127:"Report on Citizenship Law: Panama"
4892:Olivares, Mariela (February 2015).
4827:from the original on March 12, 2021
4671:
4659:from the original on April 12, 2020
4149:Washington University School of Law
4123:from the original on March 13, 2021
3524:Barros, Aline (September 3, 2020).
2552:Gansallo & Bernstein-Baker 2016
2527:
2491:
2479:
2407:
1299:
605:United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind
24:
7783:Drafting and ratification timeline
7528:District of Columbia Voting Rights
6996:Northern Mariana Islands residents
6578:Voting rights in the United States
6482:University of California, Berkeley
6435:
6397:from the original on March 8, 2021
6345:from the original on March 1, 2021
6123:from the original on March 3, 2021
6021:The International Migration Review
5964:from the original on March 7, 2020
5934:Saint Louis University Law Journal
5831:Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
5787:Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueรฑos
5488:Inter-American Commission of Women
5480:Report on the Nationality of Women
5277:Journal of American Ethnic History
5151:from the original on June 16, 2017
4999:from the original on March 6, 2021
4850:Southern Illinois University Press
4726:MacDonald, Victoria-Marรญa (2014).
4645:Laskow, Sarah (October 16, 2017).
4469:University of North Carolina Press
4200:Supreme Court of the United States
3956:from the original on March 6, 2018
3673:Bredbenner, Candice Lewis (1998).
3635:from the original on March 7, 2021
1805:Smith, Milhollan & Nelson 1981
1590:Smith, Milhollan & Nelson 1981
1260:Certificate of Loss of Nationality
388:Individuals born in any of the 50
25:
10186:
7236:Constitution of the United States
6757:Federal Voting Assistance Program
6505:
5085:(5). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
5041:Puzzanghera, Jim (May 18, 2012).
4844:. In Samito, Christian G. (ed.).
4783:Michal, Edward J. (Spring 1992).
4742:from the original on May 27, 2020
4674:"Americans, Almost and Forgotten"
4672:Lin, Tom C. W. (September 2019).
4617:(3). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
4603:Kramer, Daniel C. (Spring 1965).
4540:University of Miami School of Law
4526:Kelly, H. Ansgar (January 1992).
4321:(2). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
4089:Cornell International Law Journal
3429:University of Michigan Law School
3415:"Theories of Loss of Citizenship"
1035:
783:
700:U.S. outlying territorial history
654:In 1989, a ruling in the case of
439:Constitution of the United States
69:Emigration from the United States
10175:United States constitutional law
10142:
10141:
8863:Democratic Republic of the Congo
7639:Convention to propose amendments
7164:Ranked-choice voting in the U.S.
7081:Women's poll tax repeal movement
5977:Worster, William Thomas (2012).
5696:Fordham University School of Law
5223:(1). Thousand Oaks, California:
4909:Chapman University School of Law
4867:Office of the Historian (2020).
4145:Washington University Law Review
3715:(1). Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:
2872:
2599:Meese, Forte & Spalding 2005
2564:Joint Committee on Printing 2007
1350:
1248:plead against self-incrimination
1226:Office of Special Investigations
279:
84:Permanent Residency (Green Card)
64:Immigration to the United States
47:
32:Citizenship of the United States
10008:Birth aboard aircraft and ships
6708:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
6626:Privileges or Immunities Clause
6512:Immigration and Nationality Act
6442:Robert James McWhirter (2007).
6293:. March 6, 2020. Archived from
6199:. Kansas City, Missouri. 2016.
6152:(6). Cambridge, Massachusetts:
6014:Yang, Philip Q. (Autumn 1994).
5825:Weinrib, Laura (January 2003).
5596:U.S. Government Printing Office
5499:Taparata, Evan (July 4, 2016).
5271:Sheridan, Clare (Spring 2002).
4842:"The Janus of Civil Rights Law"
4619:Temple University School of Law
4467:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina:
3867:American Historical Association
3405:
3325:Buss, Hryck & Granwell 2007
2663:Bureau of Consular Affairs 2014
2648:Bureau of Consular Affairs 2017
1334:
1250:. The standard of proof is not
512:and later that year passed the
9845:Federated States of Micronesia
9209:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
8254:Separation of church and state
6986:District of Columbia residents
6916:Multiple non-transferable vote
6839:Voter registration in the U.S.
6784:Election Assistance Commission
6604:Congressional Elections Clause
5984:The Consular Practice Handbook
5748:(2). Los Angeles, California:
5579:. In Sharon, Joel Paul (ed.).
5022:American Civil Liberties Union
5012:Park, Sandra (June 13, 2017).
4840:Miller, Darrell A. H. (2018).
4307:Hein, John R. (January 2009).
3996:Forliti, Amy (July 30, 2013).
3930:Escobar, Cristina (May 2015).
3854:The American Historical Review
3698:Bruyneel, Kevin (April 2004).
3681:University of California Press
3618:James E. Rogers College of Law
1408:
1052:Eligibility for naturalization
805:Birth within the United States
443:Article 1, section 8, clause 4
13:
1:
10170:United States nationality law
7758:Virginia Ratifying Convention
7169:National Voting Rights Museum
6779:Help America Vote Act of 2002
6156:: 1680โ1703. April 10, 2017.
5417:European University Institute
5400:Spiro, Peter J. (July 2015).
5142:European University Institute
4941:"The Citizenship Act of 1934"
4492:Jefferson: Political Writings
3947:European University Institute
3648:Boll, Alfred Michael (2007).
2611:Erler, West & Marini 2007
1385:
1344:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
1235:Schneiderman v. United States
1162:in 1915 with the ruling that
945:Birth in outlying possessions
939:Child Citizenship Act of 2000
339:United States nationality law
270:Child Citizenship Act of 2000
219:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
187:United States nationality law
145:Relinquishment of nationality
10126:British Overseas Territories
8719:National Constitution Center
8517:Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer
7816:Assemble and Petition Clause
7032:Timeline of women's suffrage
6448:. American Bar Association.
5285:University of Illinois Press
4538:(2). Coral Gables, Florida:
4434:Irby, Kate (June 20, 2019).
3810:International Tax Strategies
3784:University of Michigan Press
3551:Batlan, Felice (July 2020).
2008:Office of the Historian 2020
1390:
931:
666:9th Circuit Court of Appeals
7:
9996:Renunciation of citizenship
8590:Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
7644:State ratifying conventions
7581:Equal Opportunity to Govern
7576:Electoral College abolition
7503:Congressional Apportionment
7086:History of direct democracy
7076:Selma to Montgomery marches
6819:Initiatives and referendums
6522:U.S. Naturalization (USCIS)
5773:Weare, Neil (Spring 2017).
5181:Rutherglen, George (2013).
5051:. Los Angeles, California.
4732:American Latino Theme Study
4686:(4). Berkeley, California:
4399:Chicago-Kent College of Law
4358:Howe, Amy (June 12, 2017).
4270:Hacker, Meg (Spring 2014).
3656:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
1371:
1304:The Supreme Court ruled in
1266:Renunciation of nationality
925:Sessions v. Morales-Santana
762:Philippine Independence Act
534:did not apply to women and
10:
10191:
6906:First-past-the-post voting
6676:U.S. Department of Justice
6341:. Washington, D. C. 2021.
6317:. Washington, D. C. 2021.
6225:. New Haven, Connecticut:
6193:"Civil Rights Act of 1866"
6117:Bureau of Consular Affairs
6093:Bureau of Consular Affairs
5940:(1). St. Louis, Missouri:
5627:Cambridge University Press
5509:Public Radio International
5507:. Minneapolis, Minnesota:
5283:(3). Champaign, Illinois:
5233:10.1177/003232928401300101
4802:University of Hawaii Press
4497:Cambridge University Press
4202:. 137 S. Ct. 1678 (2017).
4147:(1). St. Louis, Missouri:
3717:Cambridge University Press
3427:(7). Ann Arbor, Michigan:
2420:Flournoy & Hudson 1929
1270:Statement of Understanding
1169:Savorgnan v. United States
1132:
1098:
1095:Process for naturalization
1055:
982:, the U.S. Virgin Islands
831:
808:
789:Acquisition of nationality
703:
554:unincorporated territories
467:Naturalization Act of 1790
461:Nationality laws 1790โ1866
415:
208:Naturalization Act of 1790
29:
10121:
10095:
10037:
9978:
9931:
9832:
9722:
9549:
9542:
9311:
9236:
9093:
9086:
8795:
8788:
8677:
8649:
8629:
8608:
8577:
8551:
8530:
8504:
8468:
8417:
8386:
8370:
8349:
8328:
8307:
8291:
8282:
8161:
8043:Privileges and Immunities
7856:Congressional enforcement
7791:
7778:Rhode Island ratification
7669:Articles of Confederation
7656:
7634:
7611:Parental Rights amendment
7536:
7493:
7418:
7390:
7369:
7306:
7302:
7293:
7242:
7094:
7042:Woman Suffrage Procession
7014:
6933:
6898:
6852:
6801:
6794:
6730:Voting Rights Act of 1965
6666:
6584:
6445:The citizenship flowchart
6028:(3). New York, New York:
5880:(3). New York, New York:
5785:(1). New York, New York:
5694:(4). New York, New York:
5635:10.1017/S1049096516003103
5625:(2). New York, New York:
4907:(2). Orange, California:
4873:Foreign Service Institute
4006:. Jacksonville, Florida.
3861:(5). New York, New York:
3725:10.1017/S0898588X04000021
1449:Guerry & Rundell 2016
1379:United States v. Matheson
1307:Kawakita v. United States
526:(21 Wall 162, 1875), the
421:Constitutional foundation
130:U.S. citizens / nationals
8843:Central African Republic
8274:Unitary executive theory
8048:Privileges or Immunities
7763:New York Circular Letter
7753:Massachusetts Compromise
6981:American Samoa residents
6720:Civil Rights Act of 1960
6703:Civil Rights Act of 1957
6258:U.S. Department of State
4956:(1). Chicago, Illinois:
4848:. Carbondale, Illinois:
4793:The Contemporary Pacific
4461:Isenberg, Nancy (1998).
4397:(1). Chicago, Illinois:
3913:Rowman & Littlefield
3679:. Berkeley, California:
3397:Department of State 2016
2996:Wong & Bonaguro 2020
2698:, pp. 236, 238โ239.
1890:, pp. 319โ320, 324.
1541:, pp. xxiii, 11โ12.
1327:
1256:federal appellate courts
586:Immigration Acts of 1921
578:Expatriation Act of 1907
510:Civil Rights Act of 1866
504:In the aftermath of the
492:, daughter of President
404:. The sole exception is
396:or almost any inhabited
286:United States portal
213:Civil Rights Act of 1866
203:Colonial nationality law
94:Diversity Immigrant Visa
9941:Commonwealth of Nations
8194:Dormant Commerce Clause
8038:Presidential succession
7773:Fayetteville Convention
7768:Hillsborough Convention
7704:Three-fifths Compromise
7684:Philadelphia Convention
7674:Mount Vernon Conference
7561:Campaign finance reform
6686:Enforcement Act of 1870
6621:Equal Protection Clause
5890:10.7758/rsf.2020.6.3.05
5882:Russell Sage Foundation
5843:10.7916/cjgl.v12i1.2449
5675:(subscription required)
5385:; Milhollan, David L.;
5349:(2). Washington, D.C.:
5189:Oxford University Press
4800:(1). Honolulu, Hawaii:
4444:. Modesto, California.
4391:Chicago-Kent Law Review
4096:(2). Ithaca, New York:
4003:The Florida Times-Union
3977:Oxford University Press
3863:Oxford University Press
3814:Commerce Clearing House
3782:. Ann Arbor, Michigan:
1240:United States Attorneys
737:citizens of Puerto Rico
508:, Congress enacted the
381:who have the status of
265:Immigration Act of 1990
230:Nationality Act of 1940
9755:Bosnia and Herzegovina
8357:William Samuel Johnson
8229:Nondelegation doctrine
7801:Admission to the Union
7748:Anti-Federalist Papers
7699:Connecticut Compromise
6691:Second Enforcement Act
5670: โ via
5216:Politics & Society
5187:. New York, New York:
5020:. New York, New York:
4033:. New York, New York:
3975:. New York, New York:
3616:(2). Tucson, Arizona:
1502:, p. 61, Part II.
1322:classified information
1244:Federal District Court
1214:multiple nationalities
1205:relinquish nationality
1148:
1110:
1075:
1045:
954:
893:
859:
847:
798:
610:Indian Citizenship Act
480:Dred Scott v. Sandford
335:
225:Indian Citizenship Act
125:Birthright citizenship
10138:Partially recognized.
9003:Sรฃo Tomรฉ and Prรญncipe
8564:Richard Dobbs Spaight
8033:Presidential Electors
8008:Original Jurisdiction
7948:Full Faith and Credit
7821:Assistance of Counsel
7742:The Federalist Papers
7571:Crittenden Compromise
7144:Elections in the U.S.
7001:Puerto Rico residents
6740:covered jurisdictions
6473:California Law Review
6229:. December 26, 1933.
5594:. Washington, D. C.:
5477:(November 28, 1933).
5383:Smith, William French
5048:The Los Angeles Times
4958:University of Chicago
4736:National Park Service
4734:. Washington, D. C.:
4679:California Law Review
4283:. Washington, D. C.:
3812:. Chicago, Illinois:
3243:, pp. 1475โ1476.
2506:, pp. 1710โ1711.
2456:Venator-Santiago 2017
2362:Venator-Santiago 2017
1914:, pp. 1466โ1468.
1146:
1108:
1073:
1043:
1032:reversed the ruling.
952:
891:
884:Illegitimate children
857:
845:
796:
325:
10077:Second-class citizen
10050:Multiple citizenship
9519:United Arab Emirates
9153:(Kingdom of Denmark)
8733:A More Perfect Union
8709:Constitution Gardens
8630:Convention Secretary
8292:Convention President
8264:Symmetric federalism
8259:Separation of powers
7993:Necessary and Proper
7988:Natural-born citizen
7933:Freedom of the Press
7871:Copyright and Patent
7861:Contingent Elections
7679:Annapolis Convention
6256:. Washington, D.C.:
5987:. Washington, D.C.:
5731:Volpp, Leti (2005).
5537:Women2000 and Beyond
5168:. Washington, D.C.:
4852:. pp. 233โ264.
4764:. Washington, D.C.:
4610:Temple Law Quarterly
4499:. pp. 219โ220.
4198:. Washington, D.C.:
4185:Ginsburg, Ruth Bader
4137:Ginsburg, Ruth Bader
4008:Gannett News Service
3911:. Lanham, Maryland:
3599:Bickel, Alexander M.
3476:Augustine-Adams, Kif
2540:Rodrรญguez Serna 2016
2444:Rodrรญguez Serna 2016
2290:Augustine-Adams 2001
2248:Augustine-Adams 2001
2236:Augustine-Adams 2001
2212:Augustine-Adams 2001
2200:Augustine-Adams 2001
2188:Augustine-Adams 2001
2137:Augustine-Adams 2001
1732:, pp. 244, 265.
1274:Oath of Renunciation
1154:foreign armed forces
1101:American Civics Test
621:Joshua Butler Wright
617:Alexander W. Weddell
574:SpanishโAmerican War
455:Fourteenth Amendment
453:and adoption of the
394:District of Columbia
238:Relevant legislation
150:Honorary citizenship
10067:Permanent residency
9986:Loss of citizenship
9961:Caribbean Community
9214:Trinidad and Tobago
9199:St. Kitts and Nevis
9101:Antigua and Barbuda
8740:Worldwide influence
8481:Gunning Bedford Jr.
8209:Executive privilege
8189:Criminal sentencing
8112:Title of Nobility (
8103:Taxing and Spending
8003:Oath or Affirmation
7963:House Apportionment
7826:Case or Controversy
7709:Committee of Detail
7601:"Liberty" amendment
7566:Christian amendment
6297:on February 2, 2021
6286:The Times of Israel
5461:on January 20, 2021
4171:on December 6, 2020
3568:Stanford Law School
3534:. Washington, D.C.
3420:Michigan Law Review
3363:, pp. 429โ430.
3349:Stcherbatcheff 2014
3176:The Times of Israel
3124:, pp. 444โ445.
3109:, pp. 442โ444.
2804:, pp. 236โ237.
2789:, pp. 236โ238.
2601:, pp. 385โ389.
2340:, pp. 434โ436.
2238:, pp. 101โ102.
2202:, pp. 137โ138.
2083:Avalon Project 1933
1795:, pp. 162โ163.
1580:, pp. 219โ220.
1129:Loss of nationality
863:Legitimate children
774:Organic Act of 1950
635:McCarran-Walter Act
558:insular possessions
523:Minor v. Happersett
410:permanent residents
89:Refugees and asylum
9141:Dominican Republic
8394:William Livingston
8378:Alexander Hamilton
8184:Criminal procedure
8179:Constitutional law
8114:Foreign Emoluments
8078:State of the Union
8063:Self-Incrimination
8053:Recess appointment
7846:Compulsory Process
7508:Titles of Nobility
7189:Voter registration
7065:Give Us the Ballot
6961:Transgender people
6865:Grandfather clause
6829:Provisional ballot
6154:Harvard Law School
6145:Harvard Law Review
5750:UCLA School of Law
5687:Fordham Law Review
4926:on August 14, 2020
4901:Chapman Law Review
4766:Regnery Publishing
4098:Cornell Law School
3786:. pp. 77โ98.
3610:Arizona Law Review
2848:Harvard Law Review
1439:, p. Part II.
1318:security clearance
1149:
1123:Oath of Allegiance
1111:
1076:
1064:permanent resident
1046:
955:
894:
860:
848:
811:Citizenship Clause
799:
757:JonesโShafroth Act
728:Territorial Clause
671:Miller v. Albright
451:American Civil War
336:
246:Citizenship Clause
120:Oath of Allegiance
99:Illegal immigrants
10157:
10156:
10131:Open border with
9974:
9973:
9828:
9827:
9307:
9306:
9227:US Virgin Islands
9154:
8878:Equatorial Guinea
8748:
8747:
8714:Constitution Week
8699:Independence Mall
8687:National Archives
8645:
8644:
8460:Gouverneur Morris
8445:Thomas Fitzsimons
8425:Benjamin Franklin
8299:George Washington
8199:Enumerated powers
8174:Concurrent powers
8169:Balance of powers
7998:No Religious Test
7938:Freedom of Speech
7729:Independence Hall
7652:
7651:
7556:Bricker amendment
7489:
7488:
7202:
7201:
7149:Electoral College
6971:African Americans
6929:
6928:
6921:One man, one vote
6890:Voter suppression
6455:978-1-59031-921-5
6260:. February 2016.
6254:careers.state.gov
6099:on March 28, 2015
6030:SAGE Publications
5998:978-1-57370-308-6
5342:Prologue Magazine
5225:SAGE Publications
5198:978-0-19-973970-7
4859:978-0-8093-3652-4
4775:978-1-59698-001-3
4506:978-0-521-64841-7
4487:Jefferson, Thomas
4478:978-0-8078-4746-6
4014:on August 5, 2020
3922:978-0-7425-5855-7
3847:(December 1998).
3793:978-0-472-02368-4
3665:978-90-04-14838-3
3315:, pp. 87โ88.
3303:, pp. 85โ86.
3061:, pp. 58โ59.
2226:, pp. 43โ44.
2124:, pp. 60โ61.
1616:, pp. 18โ19.
1313:Schneider v. Rusk
1187:Vance v. Terrazas
1175:Perez v. Brownell
1159:Mackenzie v. Hare
741:Panama Canal Zone
684:John Paul Stevens
351:U.S. Constitution
320:
319:
16:(Redirected from
10182:
10145:
10144:
9991:Denaturalization
9880:Papua New Guinea
9865:Marshall Islands
9547:
9546:
9152:
9091:
9090:
8793:
8792:
8782:Nationality laws
8775:
8768:
8761:
8752:
8751:
8595:Charles Pinckney
8404:William Paterson
8336:Nathaniel Gorham
8289:
8288:
8068:Speech or Debate
7896:Equal Protection
7606:Ludlow amendment
7591:Flag Desecration
7586:Federal Marriage
7551:Blaine amendment
7513:Corwin Amendment
7304:
7303:
7300:
7299:
7229:
7222:
7215:
7206:
7205:
7159:Electoral system
7154:Electoral reform
7129:Disfranchisement
7117:Native Americans
7107:Campaign finance
7052:U.S. suffragists
7047:Silent Sentinels
6976:Native Americans
6799:
6798:
6696:Ku Klux Klan Act
6681:Enforcement Acts
6571:
6564:
6557:
6548:
6547:
6501:
6469:
6459:
6430:
6428:
6426:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6396:
6389:
6385:"Public Law 853"
6380:
6378:
6376:
6370:
6363:
6359:"Public Law 414"
6354:
6352:
6350:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6306:
6304:
6302:
6291:Associated Press
6276:
6274:
6272:
6266:
6251:
6242:
6240:
6238:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6178:
6141:
6132:
6130:
6128:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6010:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5924:
5922:
5871:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5769:
5737:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5676:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5607:
5584:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5561:
5534:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5495:
5485:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5457:. Archived from
5435:
5433:
5431:
5425:
5406:
5396:
5378:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5293:10.2307/27502846
5267:
5265:
5263:
5207:Sapiro, Virginia
5202:
5177:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5150:
5131:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5112:on July 15, 2011
5111:
5105:. Archived from
5074:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5008:
5006:
5004:
4998:
4945:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4925:
4919:. Archived from
4898:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4863:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4826:
4789:
4779:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4599:
4576:Kerber, Linda K.
4571:
4569:
4567:
4522:
4520:
4510:
4482:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4196:SupremeCourt.gov
4193:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4167:. Archived from
4139:(January 1979).
4132:
4130:
4128:
4122:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4066:on March 4, 2021
4065:
4058:
4048:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4010:. Archived from
3992:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3955:
3936:
3926:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3807:
3797:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3758:on March 6, 2021
3757:
3751:. Archived from
3704:
3694:
3669:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3634:
3607:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3585:on July 15, 2020
3584:
3578:. Archived from
3557:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3531:Voice of America
3520:
3514:
3512:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3337:Puzzanghera 2012
3334:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2982:
2976:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2853:
2844:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2805:
2796:
2790:
2781:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2699:
2690:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2660:
2651:
2645:
2632:
2623:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2394:
2388:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1850:
1844:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1691:, pp. 9โ10.
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1542:
1536:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1427:, p. 66-67.
1422:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1365:
1354:
1348:
1338:
1300:Dual nationality
1281:expatriation tax
1252:reasonable doubt
1209:State Department
1202:
1085:Olympic athletes
1021:State Department
1018:
532:equal protection
494:Ulysses S. Grant
475:Native Americans
312:
305:
298:
284:
283:
282:
135:Citizenship test
51:
39:
38:
21:
10190:
10189:
10185:
10184:
10183:
10181:
10180:
10179:
10160:
10159:
10158:
10153:
10117:
10091:
10072:Right of return
10033:
9970:
9933:
9927:
9890:Solomon Islands
9824:
9790:Northern Cyprus
9785:North Macedonia
9718:
9553:
9538:
9303:
9232:
9082:
8784:
8779:
8749:
8744:
8679:
8673:
8641:
8637:William Jackson
8625:
8621:Abraham Baldwin
8604:
8573:
8569:Hugh Williamson
8547:
8526:
8500:
8491:Richard Bassett
8464:
8450:Jared Ingersoll
8413:
8409:Jonathan Dayton
8382:
8366:
8345:
8324:
8320:Nicholas Gilman
8303:
8278:
8244:Reserved powers
8224:Judicial review
8157:
7953:General Welfare
7876:Double Jeopardy
7787:
7714:List of Framers
7694:New Jersey Plan
7648:
7630:
7626:Victims' Rights
7546:Balanced budget
7532:
7485:
7414:
7386:
7365:
7289:
7238:
7233:
7203:
7198:
7090:
7010:
6925:
6894:
6860:Electoral fraud
6848:
6844:Voting in space
6834:Recall election
6809:Absentee ballot
6790:
6668:
6662:
6586:
6580:
6575:
6508:
6490:10.2307/3476939
6467:
6456:
6438:
6436:Further reading
6433:
6424:
6422:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6387:
6374:
6372:
6368:
6361:
6348:
6346:
6324:
6322:
6300:
6298:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6249:
6236:
6234:
6227:Yale Law School
6206:
6204:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6139:
6126:
6124:
6102:
6100:
6078:
6076:
6042:10.2307/2546816
5999:
5967:
5965:
5920:
5869:
5855:
5853:
5815:
5813:
5741:UCLA Law Review
5735:
5721:
5719:
5674:
5663:
5661:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5532:
5518:
5516:
5483:
5464:
5462:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5413:Badia Fiesolana
5404:
5387:Nelson, Alan C.
5329:
5327:
5261:
5259:
5199:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5138:Badia Fiesolana
5129:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5072:
5058:
5056:
5031:
5029:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4966:10.2307/1596298
4943:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4896:
4882:
4880:
4860:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4787:
4776:
4745:
4743:
4716:
4714:
4662:
4660:
4631:
4629:
4596:
4586:Hill & Wang
4565:
4563:
4518:
4507:
4479:
4451:
4449:
4441:The Modesto Bee
4424:
4422:
4375:
4373:
4348:
4346:
4297:
4295:
4274:
4260:
4258:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4191:
4174:
4172:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4083:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4056:
4045:
4017:
4015:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3943:Badia Fiesolana
3934:
3923:
3895:
3893:
3875:10.2307/2649963
3834:
3832:
3828:
3805:
3794:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3702:
3691:
3666:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3605:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3555:
3541:
3539:
3510:
3508:
3465:
3463:
3437:10.2307/1288994
3408:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3335:
3331:
3323:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3299:
3295:
3291:, pp. 7โ9.
3287:
3283:
3275:
3271:
3267:, pp. 3โ4.
3263:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3241:Aleinikoff 1986
3239:
3235:
3227:
3223:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3184:
3173:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3149:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3120:
3113:
3105:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3045:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2985:
2977:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2886:. June 16, 2021
2878:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2856:
2852:, p. 1683.
2845:
2841:
2830:
2823:
2812:
2808:
2797:
2793:
2782:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2752:
2745:
2737:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2702:
2691:
2687:
2683:, p. 1139.
2676:
2669:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2635:
2624:
2617:
2609:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2585:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2530:, p. 1257.
2526:
2522:
2518:, p. 1707.
2514:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2494:, p. 1259.
2490:
2486:
2482:, p. 1260.
2478:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2450:
2446:, pp. 7โ8.
2442:
2438:
2434:, p. 1697.
2430:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2410:, p. 1262.
2406:
2397:
2393:, p. 1673.
2389:
2380:
2376:, p. 1676.
2372:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2300:
2296:
2288:
2281:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2178:, p. 1469.
2174:
2170:
2164:Bredbenner 1998
2162:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2037:, p. 1467.
2033:
2029:
2025:, p. 1466.
2021:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1962:, p. 1464.
1958:
1954:
1950:, p. 1466.
1946:
1942:
1936:Bredbenner 1998
1934:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1853:
1845:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1759:, p. 1367.
1755:
1751:
1747:, p. 1366.
1743:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1718:Rutherglen 2013
1716:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1620:
1614:Bredbenner 1998
1612:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1554:Rutherglen 2013
1552:
1545:
1537:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1491:
1487:, pp. 2โ3.
1483:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1355:
1351:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1302:
1194:
1181:Afroyim v. Rusk
1164:Ethel Mackenzie
1141:
1131:
1103:
1097:
1060:
1054:
1038:
1010:
947:
934:
886:
865:
840:
830:
821:
809:Main articles:
807:
791:
786:
724:
702:
648:
546:
530:confirmed that
502:
463:
423:
418:
377:is reserved to
328:Albert Einstein
316:
280:
278:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10188:
10178:
10177:
10172:
10155:
10154:
10152:
10151:
10139:
10136:
10129:
10122:
10119:
10118:
10116:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10099:
10097:
10093:
10092:
10090:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10063:
10062:
10052:
10047:
10041:
10039:
10035:
10034:
10032:
10031:
10026:
10025:
10024:
10017:
10010:
10003:Naturalization
10000:
9999:
9998:
9993:
9982:
9980:
9976:
9975:
9972:
9971:
9969:
9968:
9963:
9958:
9956:Nordic Council
9953:
9948:
9946:European Union
9943:
9937:
9935:
9929:
9928:
9926:
9925:
9920:
9909:American Samoa
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9836:
9834:
9830:
9829:
9826:
9825:
9823:
9822:
9820:United Kingdom
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9726:
9724:
9723:Rest of Europe
9720:
9719:
9717:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9589:Czech Republic
9586:
9581:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9560:
9558:
9551:European Union
9544:
9540:
9539:
9537:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9315:
9313:
9309:
9308:
9305:
9304:
9302:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9240:
9238:
9234:
9233:
9231:
9230:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9097:
9095:
9088:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9068:Western Sahara
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8858:Congo Republic
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8799:
8797:
8790:
8786:
8785:
8778:
8777:
8770:
8763:
8755:
8746:
8745:
8743:
8742:
8737:
8729:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8695:
8694:
8683:
8681:
8675:
8674:
8672:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8653:
8651:
8647:
8646:
8643:
8642:
8640:
8639:
8633:
8631:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8623:
8618:
8612:
8610:
8606:
8605:
8603:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8581:
8579:
8578:South Carolina
8575:
8574:
8572:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8559:William Blount
8555:
8553:
8552:North Carolina
8549:
8548:
8546:
8545:
8540:
8534:
8532:
8528:
8527:
8525:
8524:
8522:Daniel Carroll
8519:
8514:
8508:
8506:
8502:
8501:
8499:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8486:John Dickinson
8483:
8478:
8472:
8470:
8466:
8465:
8463:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8430:Thomas Mifflin
8427:
8421:
8419:
8415:
8414:
8412:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8399:David Brearley
8396:
8390:
8388:
8384:
8383:
8381:
8380:
8374:
8372:
8368:
8367:
8365:
8364:
8359:
8353:
8351:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8343:
8338:
8332:
8330:
8326:
8325:
8323:
8322:
8317:
8311:
8309:
8305:
8304:
8302:
8301:
8295:
8293:
8286:
8280:
8279:
8277:
8276:
8271:
8269:Taxation power
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8214:Implied powers
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8165:
8163:
8162:Interpretation
8159:
8158:
8156:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8058:Recommendation
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7943:Fugitive Slave
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7913:
7911:Excessive Bail
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7811:Appropriations
7808:
7803:
7797:
7795:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7738:
7737:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7660:
7658:
7654:
7653:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7646:
7641:
7635:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7628:
7623:
7621:Single subject
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7542:
7540:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7499:
7497:
7491:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7422:
7420:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7396:
7394:
7392:Reconstruction
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7379:
7373:
7371:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7312:
7310:
7308:Bill of Rights
7297:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7246:
7244:
7240:
7239:
7232:
7231:
7224:
7217:
7209:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7120:
7119:
7109:
7104:
7098:
7096:
7092:
7091:
7089:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7071:Freedom Summer
7068:
7061:
7060:
7059:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7037:Suffrage Hikes
7034:
7029:
7024:
7018:
7016:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6991:Guam residents
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6937:
6935:
6931:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6911:Gerrymandering
6908:
6902:
6900:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6856:
6854:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6805:
6803:
6796:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6788:
6787:
6786:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6749:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6700:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6678:
6672:
6670:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6660:
6658:26th Amendment
6655:
6653:24th Amendment
6650:
6648:23rd Amendment
6645:
6643:19th Amendment
6640:
6638:17th Amendment
6635:
6633:15th Amendment
6630:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6616:14th Amendment
6613:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6601:
6590:
6588:
6585:Constitutional
6582:
6581:
6574:
6573:
6566:
6559:
6551:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6507:
6506:External links
6504:
6503:
6502:
6460:
6454:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6407:
6381:
6355:
6331:
6307:
6277:
6243:
6222:Avalon Project
6213:
6189:
6133:
6109:
6085:
6011:
5997:
5974:
5925:
5862:
5822:
5779:Centro Journal
5770:
5728:
5677:
5672:Cambridge Core
5608:
5585:
5572:
5525:
5496:
5475:Stevens, Doris
5471:
5436:
5397:
5379:
5336:
5268:
5209:(March 1984).
5203:
5197:
5178:
5161:
5122:
5065:
5038:
5009:
4936:
4889:
4864:
4858:
4837:
4780:
4774:
4752:
4723:
4669:
4642:
4600:
4594:
4572:
4523:
4511:
4505:
4483:
4477:
4471:. p. 45.
4458:
4431:
4382:
4355:
4304:
4267:
4219:
4181:
4133:
4076:
4049:
4043:
4035:Wolters Kluwer
4024:
3993:
3966:
3927:
3921:
3902:
3845:Cott, Nancy F.
3841:
3798:
3792:
3772:Cott, Nancy F.
3768:
3695:
3689:
3670:
3664:
3645:
3595:
3548:
3521:
3472:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3389:
3387:, p. 445.
3377:
3375:, p. 283.
3365:
3353:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3293:
3281:
3269:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3231:, p. 444.
3221:
3219:, p. 293.
3217:Getschman 1988
3206:
3204:, p. 292.
3202:Getschman 1988
3194:
3192:, p. 290.
3190:Getschman 1988
3182:
3167:
3155:
3153:, p. 289.
3151:Getschman 1988
3138:
3136:, p. 447.
3126:
3111:
3099:
3097:, p. 441.
3087:
3085:, p. 439.
3075:
3063:
3051:
3036:
3024:
3012:
3000:
2983:
2968:
2966:, p. 141.
2956:
2944:
2942:, p. 140.
2932:
2930:, p. 459.
2920:
2897:
2871:
2854:
2839:
2821:
2819:, p. 237.
2815:Public Law 414
2806:
2800:Public Law 414
2791:
2785:Public Law 414
2773:
2771:, p. 148.
2761:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2700:
2694:Public Law 414
2685:
2679:Public Law 853
2667:
2652:
2633:
2631:, p. 236.
2627:Public Law 414
2615:
2603:
2591:
2568:
2556:
2554:, p. 570.
2544:
2532:
2520:
2508:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2470:, p. 149.
2460:
2458:, p. 517.
2448:
2436:
2424:
2422:, p. 574.
2412:
2395:
2378:
2366:
2364:, p. 515.
2354:
2352:, p. 443.
2342:
2330:
2328:, p. 433.
2318:
2306:
2304:, p. 257.
2294:
2292:, p. 103.
2279:
2277:, p. 224.
2264:
2262:, p. 263.
2252:
2250:, p. 104.
2240:
2228:
2216:
2214:, p. 138.
2204:
2192:
2190:, p. 137.
2180:
2168:
2166:, p. 244.
2153:
2141:
2139:, p. 102.
2126:
2114:
2112:, p. 110.
2102:
2100:, p. 420.
2087:
2075:
2063:
2051:
2049:, p. 422.
2039:
2027:
2012:
2000:
1998:, p. 780.
1988:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1938:, p. 100.
1928:
1926:, p. 324.
1916:
1904:
1900:MacDonald 2014
1892:
1880:
1868:
1851:
1849:, p. 319.
1836:
1824:
1809:
1807:, p. 201.
1797:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1757:Rodrรญguez 2009
1749:
1745:Rodrรญguez 2009
1734:
1722:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1645:
1633:
1618:
1606:
1604:, p. 330.
1594:
1592:, p. 195.
1582:
1578:Jefferson 1999
1570:
1558:
1543:
1528:
1526:, p. 370.
1516:
1514:, p. 369.
1504:
1489:
1477:
1475:, p. 114.
1465:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1407:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1349:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1301:
1298:
1290:Reed Amendment
1272:and takes the
1200:ยง 1481(a)
1130:
1127:
1096:
1093:
1053:
1050:
1037:
1036:Naturalization
1034:
1016:ยง 1408(1)
1003:American Samoa
946:
943:
933:
930:
920:
919:
915:
911:
907:
885:
882:
881:
880:
877:
873:
864:
861:
829:
826:
806:
803:
790:
787:
785:
784:Current scheme
782:
770:United Nations
701:
698:
688:Clark v. Jeter
647:
644:
630:legitimization
545:
542:
537:Elk v. Wilkins
501:
498:
462:
459:
422:
419:
417:
414:
406:American Samoa
332:Phillip Forman
318:
317:
315:
314:
307:
300:
292:
289:
288:
275:
274:
273:
272:
267:
262:
257:
248:
240:
239:
235:
234:
233:
232:
227:
222:
215:
210:
205:
197:
196:
192:
191:
190:
189:
181:
180:
176:
175:
174:
173:
168:
160:
159:
155:
154:
153:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
114:
113:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
58:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10187:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10167:
10165:
10150:
10149:
10140:
10137:
10134:
10133:Schengen Area
10130:
10127:
10124:
10123:
10120:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10100:
10098:
10094:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10082:Statelessness
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10061:
10058:
10057:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10042:
10040:
10036:
10030:
10027:
10023:
10022:
10018:
10016:
10015:
10014:Ius sanguinis
10011:
10009:
10006:
10005:
10004:
10001:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9988:
9987:
9984:
9983:
9981:
9977:
9967:
9966:African Union
9964:
9962:
9959:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9938:
9936:
9934:organizations
9932:International
9930:
9924:
9921:
9918:
9914:
9910:
9906:
9905:United States
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9837:
9835:
9831:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9727:
9725:
9721:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9649:Liechtenstein
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9561:
9559:
9557:
9556:Schengen Area
9552:
9548:
9545:
9541:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9316:
9314:
9310:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9241:
9239:
9235:
9228:
9224:
9220:
9219:United States
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9098:
9096:
9092:
9089:
9085:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8918:Guinea-Bissau
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8800:
8798:
8794:
8791:
8787:
8783:
8776:
8771:
8769:
8764:
8762:
8757:
8756:
8753:
8741:
8738:
8735:
8734:
8730:
8727:
8726:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8693:
8690:
8689:
8688:
8685:
8684:
8682:
8676:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8664:Jacob Shallus
8662:
8660:
8659:
8655:
8654:
8652:
8648:
8638:
8635:
8634:
8632:
8628:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8613:
8611:
8607:
8601:
8600:Pierce Butler
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8585:John Rutledge
8583:
8582:
8580:
8576:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8556:
8554:
8550:
8544:
8543:James Madison
8541:
8539:
8536:
8535:
8533:
8529:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8512:James McHenry
8510:
8509:
8507:
8503:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8473:
8471:
8467:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8440:George Clymer
8438:
8436:
8435:Robert Morris
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8422:
8420:
8416:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8391:
8389:
8385:
8379:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8369:
8363:
8362:Roger Sherman
8360:
8358:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8348:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8329:Massachusetts
8327:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8312:
8310:
8308:New Hampshire
8306:
8300:
8297:
8296:
8294:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8281:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8234:Plenary power
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8204:Equal footing
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8166:
8164:
8160:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8143:
8139:
8135:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8125:Trial by Jury
8123:
8121:
8118:
8115:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7978:Ineligibility
7976:
7974:
7973:Import-Export
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7928:Free Exercise
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7918:
7917:Ex Post Facto
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7901:Establishment
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7851:Confrontation
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7798:
7796:
7794:
7790:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7743:
7739:
7735:
7734:Syng inkstand
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7689:Virginia Plan
7687:
7686:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7655:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7636:
7633:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7616:School Prayer
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7541:
7539:
7535:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7496:
7492:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7417:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7397:
7395:
7393:
7389:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7372:
7368:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7311:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7292:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7241:
7237:
7230:
7225:
7223:
7218:
7216:
7211:
7210:
7207:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7179:Secret ballot
7177:
7175:
7174:Redistricting
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7118:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7102:Ballot access
7100:
7099:
7097:
7093:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7066:
7062:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7013:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6932:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6899:Vote dilution
6897:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6885:Voter ID laws
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6870:Literacy test
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6855:
6851:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6824:Postal voting
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6800:
6797:
6793:
6785:
6782:
6781:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6701:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6665:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6611:1st Amendment
6609:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6583:
6579:
6572:
6567:
6565:
6560:
6558:
6553:
6552:
6549:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6474:
6466:
6461:
6457:
6451:
6447:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6420:
6416:
6415:www.uscis.gov
6412:
6408:
6393:
6386:
6382:
6367:
6360:
6356:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6296:
6292:
6289:. Jerusalem.
6288:
6287:
6282:
6278:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6248:
6244:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6223:
6218:
6214:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6146:
6138:
6134:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6110:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5926:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5868:
5863:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5823:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5742:
5734:
5729:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5698:: 1673โ1724.
5697:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
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5628:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
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5597:
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5586:
5582:
5578:
5573:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5531:
5526:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5472:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5409:cadmus.eui.eu
5403:
5398:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5337:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5269:
5258:
5254:
5250:
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5242:
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5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5208:
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5194:
5190:
5186:
5185:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5134:cadmus.eui.eu
5128:
5123:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5089:: 1363โ1371.
5088:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5071:
5066:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5010:
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4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
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4890:
4878:
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4870:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4838:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4786:
4781:
4777:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4753:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4724:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4690:: 1249โ1302.
4689:
4685:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4639:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4597:
4595:0-8090-7383-8
4591:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4573:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
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4537:
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4508:
4502:
4498:
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4493:
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4470:
4466:
4465:
4459:
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4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
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4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
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4324:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4273:
4268:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4190:
4187:(June 2017).
4186:
4182:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4082:
4077:
4062:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4044:9781454850380
4040:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4025:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3967:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3939:cadmus.eui.eu
3933:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3909:
3903:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3869:: 1440โ1474.
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3690:0-520-20650-9
3686:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3646:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3549:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3478:(Fall 2001).
3477:
3473:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3431:: 1471โ1503.
3430:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3398:
3393:
3386:
3381:
3374:
3369:
3362:
3357:
3350:
3345:
3338:
3333:
3327:, p. 11.
3326:
3321:
3314:
3309:
3302:
3297:
3290:
3285:
3278:
3273:
3266:
3261:
3254:
3249:
3242:
3237:
3230:
3225:
3218:
3213:
3211:
3203:
3198:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3177:
3171:
3164:
3159:
3152:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3135:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3108:
3103:
3096:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3072:
3067:
3060:
3055:
3048:
3043:
3041:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3016:
3009:
3004:
2998:, p. 99.
2997:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2981:, p. 14.
2980:
2975:
2973:
2965:
2960:
2953:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2924:
2918:, p. 12.
2917:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2836:
2834:
2833:Policy Manual
2828:
2826:
2818:
2816:
2810:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2770:
2765:
2758:
2756:
2755:Policy Manual
2750:
2748:
2740:
2735:
2728:
2723:
2717:, p. 11.
2716:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2630:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2613:, p. 67.
2612:
2607:
2600:
2595:
2589:, p. 10.
2588:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2566:, p. 16.
2565:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2516:Villazor 2017
2512:
2505:
2504:Villazor 2017
2500:
2493:
2488:
2481:
2476:
2469:
2464:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2433:
2432:Villazor 2017
2428:
2421:
2416:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2391:Villazor 2017
2387:
2385:
2383:
2375:
2374:Villazor 2017
2370:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2315:
2314:Ginsburg 2017
2310:
2303:
2298:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2261:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2150:
2145:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2106:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2079:
2073:, p. 30.
2072:
2071:Bruyneel 2004
2067:
2060:
2059:Sheridan 2002
2055:
2048:
2047:Olivares 2015
2043:
2036:
2031:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1986:, p. 59.
1985:
1980:
1974:, p. 12.
1973:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1884:
1878:, p. 58.
1877:
1872:
1866:, p. 43.
1865:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1834:, p. 10.
1833:
1828:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1806:
1801:
1794:
1793:Ginsburg 1979
1789:
1782:
1781:Sheridan 2002
1777:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1731:
1726:
1720:, p. 22.
1719:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1703:, p. 41.
1702:
1697:
1690:
1685:
1679:, p. 19.
1678:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1653:Taparata 2016
1649:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1598:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1574:
1568:, p. 45.
1567:
1566:Isenberg 1998
1562:
1556:, p. 21.
1555:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1486:
1481:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1451:, p. 73.
1450:
1445:
1438:
1433:
1426:
1421:
1411:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1323:
1320:or access to
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1285:U.S. taxation
1282:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1102:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1049:
1042:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1007:Swains Island
1004:
999:
997:
993:
992:8 U.S.C.
989:
985:
984:8 U.S.C.
981:
977:
976:8 U.S.C.
973:
969:
968:8 U.S.C.
965:
961:
960:8 U.S.C.
951:
942:
940:
929:
927:
926:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
898:
897:
890:
878:
874:
870:
869:
868:
856:
852:
844:
839:
835:
834:jus sanguinis
825:
820:
816:
812:
802:
795:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
753:
750:
746:
745:8 U.S.C.
742:
738:
732:
729:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
697:
695:
694:
693:Nguyen v. INS
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:8 U.S.C.
673:
672:
667:
663:
662:
657:
652:
643:
641:
636:
631:
625:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
606:
599:
596:
591:
587:
582:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:Insular Cases
541:
539:
538:
533:
529:
528:Supreme Court
525:
524:
519:
515:
511:
507:
497:
495:
491:
486:
482:
481:
476:
472:
468:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
431:
427:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:United States
344:
340:
333:
329:
324:
313:
308:
306:
301:
299:
294:
293:
291:
290:
287:
277:
276:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
242:
241:
237:
236:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
220:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
199:
198:
194:
193:
188:
185:
184:
183:
182:
178:
177:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
162:
161:
157:
156:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
117:
116:
115:
111:
110:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
61:
60:
59:
55:
54:
50:
46:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
10147:
10113:Soviet Union
10108:Ancient Rome
10103:Nazi Germany
10029:Repatriation
10019:
10012:
9979:By procedure
9904:
9514:Turkmenistan
9469:Saudi Arabia
9218:
9033:South Africa
9018:Sierra Leone
8823:Burkina Faso
8789:By continent
8731:
8723:
8656:
8455:James Wilson
8418:Pennsylvania
8315:John Langdon
8073:Speedy Trial
7915:
7806:Appointments
7740:
7523:Equal Rights
7419:20th century
7139:Election law
7057:Publications
6966:Young adults
6880:Voter caging
6814:Early voting
6802:Voter access
6669:and agencies
6667:Federal laws
6477:
6471:
6444:
6423:. Retrieved
6414:
6399:. Retrieved
6373:. Retrieved
6347:. Retrieved
6338:
6323:. Retrieved
6314:
6299:. Retrieved
6295:the original
6284:
6269:. Retrieved
6253:
6237:December 27,
6235:. Retrieved
6220:
6207:December 16,
6205:. Retrieved
6196:
6181:. Retrieved
6149:
6143:
6125:. Retrieved
6116:
6101:. Retrieved
6097:the original
6092:
6077:. Retrieved
6025:
6019:
5983:
5966:. Retrieved
5937:
5933:
5877:
5873:
5854:. Retrieved
5834:
5830:
5814:. Retrieved
5782:
5778:
5745:
5739:
5720:. Retrieved
5691:
5685:
5662:. Retrieved
5622:
5616:
5590:
5580:
5564:. Retrieved
5536:
5519:December 10,
5517:. Retrieved
5504:
5490:– via
5479:
5463:. Retrieved
5459:the original
5444:
5428:. Retrieved
5408:
5391:
5346:
5340:
5328:. Retrieved
5280:
5276:
5262:December 11,
5260:. Retrieved
5220:
5214:
5183:
5153:. Retrieved
5133:
5114:. Retrieved
5107:the original
5082:
5076:
5057:. Retrieved
5046:
5030:. Retrieved
5017:
5001:. Retrieved
4953:
4947:
4930:December 17,
4928:. Retrieved
4921:the original
4904:
4900:
4883:December 17,
4881:. Retrieved
4872:
4845:
4829:. Retrieved
4797:
4791:
4760:
4756:Meese, Edwin
4746:November 10,
4744:. Retrieved
4731:
4715:. Retrieved
4683:
4677:
4661:. Retrieved
4650:
4636:– via
4630:. Retrieved
4614:
4608:
4580:
4564:. Retrieved
4535:
4531:
4491:
4463:
4450:. Retrieved
4439:
4423:. Retrieved
4394:
4390:
4374:. Retrieved
4363:
4347:. Retrieved
4318:
4312:
4298:November 22,
4296:. Retrieved
4278:
4261:December 19,
4259:. Retrieved
4231:
4227:
4211:. Retrieved
4195:
4173:. Retrieved
4169:the original
4144:
4125:. Retrieved
4093:
4087:
4068:. Retrieved
4061:the original
4029:
4016:. Retrieved
4012:the original
4001:
3987:– via
3971:
3960:December 30,
3958:. Retrieved
3938:
3907:
3896:December 10,
3894:. Retrieved
3858:
3852:
3833:. Retrieved
3809:
3779:
3760:. Retrieved
3753:the original
3712:
3706:
3675:
3650:
3637:. Retrieved
3613:
3609:
3589:December 11,
3587:. Retrieved
3580:the original
3563:
3559:
3540:. Retrieved
3529:
3515:– via
3509:. Retrieved
3489:
3483:
3464:. Retrieved
3424:
3418:
3406:Bibliography
3392:
3380:
3368:
3356:
3344:
3332:
3320:
3313:Worster 2017
3308:
3301:Worster 2017
3296:
3289:Worster 2012
3284:
3279:, p. 5.
3277:Worster 2012
3272:
3265:Worster 2012
3260:
3255:, p. 2.
3253:Worster 2012
3248:
3236:
3224:
3197:
3185:
3175:
3170:
3163:Forliti 2013
3158:
3129:
3102:
3090:
3078:
3073:, p. 9.
3066:
3054:
3049:, p. 8.
3034:, p. 7.
3027:
3015:
3003:
2959:
2952:US Code 2020
2947:
2935:
2923:
2888:. Retrieved
2883:
2874:
2847:
2842:
2832:
2814:
2809:
2799:
2794:
2784:
2764:
2754:
2734:
2722:
2693:
2688:
2678:
2626:
2606:
2594:
2559:
2547:
2542:, p. 8.
2535:
2523:
2511:
2499:
2487:
2475:
2463:
2451:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2369:
2357:
2345:
2333:
2321:
2316:, p. 1.
2309:
2302:Weinrib 2003
2297:
2275:Weinrib 2003
2260:Weinrib 2003
2255:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2171:
2144:
2117:
2110:Orfield 1934
2105:
2078:
2066:
2061:, p. 7.
2054:
2042:
2030:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1967:
1955:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1907:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1827:
1822:, p. 3.
1800:
1788:
1783:, p. 3.
1776:
1764:
1752:
1725:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1667:, p. 9.
1660:
1648:
1643:, p. 3.
1636:
1631:, p. 1.
1609:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1519:
1507:
1500:Stevens 1933
1480:
1468:
1463:, p. 1.
1461:Escobar 2015
1456:
1444:
1437:Stevens 1933
1432:
1420:
1410:
1398:
1377:
1352:
1342:
1336:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1233:
1231:
1218:
1192:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1157:
1150:
1112:
1089:
1077:
1061:
1047:
1000:
956:
935:
923:
921:
895:
866:
849:
822:
800:
754:
733:
725:
691:
687:
669:
659:
655:
653:
649:
626:
614:
603:
600:
584:The federal
583:
547:
535:
521:
503:
490:Nellie Grant
478:
464:
424:
387:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
338:
337:
217:
186:
36:
10087:Travel visa
10045:Citizenship
9870:New Zealand
9714:Switzerland
9669:Netherlands
9479:South Korea
9459:Philippines
9439:North Korea
9319:Afghanistan
9223:Puerto Rico
9146:El Salvador
9038:South Sudan
8923:Ivory Coast
8616:William Few
8496:Jacob Broom
8476:George Read
8350:Connecticut
8284:Signatories
8134:Legislative
8108:Territorial
8028:Presentment
8013:Origination
7968:Impeachment
7923:Extradition
7891:Engagements
7881:Due Process
7831:Citizenship
7518:Child Labor
7112:Citizenship
6853:Vote denial
6484:: 593โ635.
6183:October 27,
6036:: 449โ477.
5789:: 136โ163.
5752:: 405โ483.
5629:: 515โ519.
5353:: 146โ153,
4911:: 419โ450.
4804:: 137โ160.
4621:: 279โ287.
4542:: 421โ464.
4401:: 329โ359.
4325:: 423โ457.
4151:: 161โ178.
4100:: 287โ316.
3620:: 369โ387.
3570:: 315โ349.
3373:Kramer 1965
3059:Hacker 2014
3008:Barros 2020
2964:Michal 1992
2940:Michal 1992
2890:November 1,
2224:Kerber 1998
2149:Hacker 2014
2122:Hacker 2014
1996:Sharon 1950
1984:Hacker 2014
1972:Sapiro 1984
1924:Batlan 2020
1888:Batlan 2020
1876:Hacker 2014
1864:Kerber 1998
1847:Batlan 2020
1832:Sapiro 1984
1730:Miller 2018
1701:Kerber 1998
1689:Sapiro 1984
1665:Sapiro 1984
1641:Sapiro 1984
1539:Kerber 1998
1524:Bickel 1973
1512:Bickel 1973
1403:Laskow 2017
1276:, is held.
996:ยง 1407
990:, and Guam
988:ยง 1406
980:ยง 1402
972:ยง 1405
966:and Hawaii
964:ยง 1404
903:legitimized
749:ยง 1403
680:ยง 1409
570:Puerto Rico
566:Philippines
485:assimilated
434:citizenship
426:Nationality
390:U.S. states
383:citizenship
343:nationality
179:Legislation
112:Citizenship
56:Immigration
10164:Categories
9800:San Marino
9780:Montenegro
9745:Azerbaijan
9659:Luxembourg
9524:Uzbekistan
9494:Tajikistan
9399:Kyrgyzstan
9394:Kazakhstan
9354:East Timor
9329:Bangladesh
9151:Greenland
9126:Costa Rica
9028:Somaliland
9013:Seychelles
8978:Mozambique
8963:Mauritania
8948:Madagascar
8903:The Gambia
8838:Cape Verde
8728:(painting)
8680:and legacy
8538:John Blair
8387:New Jersey
8341:Rufus King
8239:Preemption
8153:War Powers
8088:Suspension
7906:Exceptions
7596:Human Life
7495:Unratified
7295:Amendments
6956:Foreigners
6795:State laws
6735:amendments
6587:provisions
6170:7023192332
5958:7249732835
5944:: 85โ101.
5906:8866861962
5884:: 96โ116.
5803:7107053144
5712:8090930759
5651:8271230316
5566:January 2,
5317:5556646221
5249:4650679194
5155:January 2,
5103:8091446338
4990:5544328554
4960:: 99โ118.
4704:8270441227
4638:HeinOnline
4556:8092081763
4365:SCOTUSblog
4339:8092055580
4256:7788119453
4165:8092712430
4114:7128216778
3989:HeinOnline
3741:4669043126
3654:. Leiden:
3517:HeinOnline
3461:5544296499
3385:Kelly 1992
3361:Kelly 1992
3229:Kelly 1992
3134:Kelly 1992
3122:Kelly 1992
3107:Kelly 1992
3095:Kelly 1992
3083:Kelly 1992
3071:Spiro 2015
3047:Spiro 2015
3032:Spiro 2015
2979:Spiro 2015
2916:Spiro 2015
2769:Weare 2017
2715:Spiro 2015
2587:Spiro 2015
2468:Weare 2017
2098:Volpp 2005
1820:Spiro 2015
1629:Smith 1998
1602:Hoxie 2006
1386:References
1133:See also:
1099:See also:
1056:See also:
832:See also:
704:See also:
548:Under the
402:birthright
369:but not a
326:Physicist
10038:By result
9840:Australia
9654:Lithuania
9484:Sri Lanka
9474:Singapore
9454:Palestine
9364:Indonesia
9299:Venezuela
9244:Argentina
9204:St. Lucia
9189:Nicaragua
9164:Guatemala
8968:Mauritius
8249:Saxbe fix
8138:Executive
8093:Take Care
8083:Supremacy
7958:Guarantee
7886:Elections
7657:Formation
7370:1795โ1804
6594:Article I
6425:March 12,
6349:March 12,
6301:March 13,
6271:March 13,
6162:0017-811X
6079:March 12,
6066:425856564
6050:0197-9183
5968:March 13,
5950:0036-3030
5914:226282857
5898:2377-8253
5851:1062-6220
5795:1538-6279
5766:193654281
5758:0041-5650
5704:0015-704X
5664:March 12,
5659:151942364
5643:1049-0965
5553:614497525
5545:2071-1514
5505:The World
5465:March 13,
5455:0028-9604
5375:208742006
5367:0033-1031
5325:157521905
5301:0278-5927
5257:153555230
5241:0032-3292
5095:1521-2823
5059:March 13,
4974:0041-9494
4917:2381-3245
4831:March 12,
4810:1043-898X
4696:0008-1221
4632:March 13,
4627:0040-2974
4566:March 13,
4548:0884-1756
4452:March 12,
4415:143598229
4407:0009-3599
4331:1521-2823
4293:0033-1031
4287:: 56โ61.
4240:2554-3822
4157:2166-7993
4127:March 13,
4106:0010-8812
4018:March 13,
3985:875321407
3883:0002-8762
3822:231356574
3749:145698348
3733:0898-588X
3719:: 30โ43.
3626:0004-153X
3576:1553-7951
3542:March 12,
3498:0042-6571
3466:March 13,
3445:0026-2234
3020:Irby 2019
2928:Yang 1994
2867:Romo 2019
2739:Howe 2017
2727:Park 2017
2350:Hein 2009
2338:Hein 2009
2326:Hein 2009
2176:Cott 1998
2035:Cott 1998
2023:Cott 1998
1960:Cott 1998
1948:Cott 2009
1912:Cott 2009
1473:Boll 2007
1425:Boll 2007
1391:Citations
1362:DREAM Act
1193:In 1986,
932:Adoptions
906:majority.
876:fourteen.
872:fourteen.
595:Cable Act
506:Civil War
471:coverture
398:territory
379:nationals
345:. In the
140:Passports
10148:Category
10060:Internal
10055:Passport
10021:Ius soli
9951:Mercosur
9860:Kiribati
9699:Slovenia
9694:Slovakia
9684:Portugal
9574:Bulgaria
9504:Thailand
9449:Pakistan
9424:Mongolia
9419:Malaysia
9344:Cambodia
9289:Suriname
9279:Paraguay
9264:Colombia
9174:Honduras
9136:Dominica
9111:Barbados
9087:Americas
9078:Zimbabwe
9048:Tanzania
8893:Ethiopia
8888:Eswatini
8868:Djibouti
8833:Cameroon
8818:Botswana
8531:Virginia
8505:Maryland
8469:Delaware
8371:New York
8148:Vicinage
8142:Judicial
7866:Contract
7836:Commerce
7724:Printing
7538:Proposed
7250:Preamble
7243:Articles
7184:Suffrage
7134:Election
7022:Timeline
6934:By group
6875:Poll tax
6419:Archived
6401:March 8,
6392:Archived
6375:March 8,
6366:Archived
6343:Archived
6325:March 9,
6319:Archived
6262:Archived
6231:Archived
6201:Archived
6174:Archived
6127:March 8,
6121:Archived
6103:March 8,
6074:12345790
5962:Archived
5918:Archived
5856:March 4,
5816:March 9,
5722:March 9,
5716:Archived
5557:Archived
5513:Archived
5446:Newsweek
5430:March 8,
5421:Archived
5389:(1981).
5330:March 6,
5309:27502846
5227:: 1โ26.
5174:Archived
5146:Archived
5116:March 6,
5053:Archived
5032:March 6,
5026:Archived
5018:aclu.org
5003:March 6,
4994:Archived
4877:Archived
4822:Archived
4818:79847993
4740:Archived
4717:March 9,
4663:March 7,
4657:Archived
4578:(1998).
4560:Archived
4446:Archived
4425:March 5,
4419:Archived
4376:March 6,
4370:Archived
4349:March 9,
4343:Archived
4280:Prologue
4248:26242543
4213:March 6,
4204:Archived
4175:March 6,
4118:Archived
4070:March 9,
3951:Archived
3865:for the
3826:Archived
3774:(2009).
3762:March 6,
3639:March 7,
3630:Archived
3601:(1973).
3536:Archived
3511:March 4,
3506:93293362
2528:Lin 2019
2492:Lin 2019
2480:Lin 2019
2408:Lin 2019
1415:reside".
1372:See also
1196:8 U.S.C.
1012:8 U.S.C.
819:Jus soli
447:Congress
373:, while
367:national
363:national
359:national
158:Agencies
10096:Defunct
9923:Vanuatu
9833:Oceania
9815:Ukraine
9770:Moldova
9760:Georgia
9750:Belarus
9740:Andorra
9735:Armenia
9730:Albania
9689:Romania
9634:Ireland
9629:Iceland
9624:Hungary
9614:Germany
9604:Finland
9599:Estonia
9594:Denmark
9579:Croatia
9569:Belgium
9564:Austria
9529:Vietnam
9429:Myanmar
9414:Lebanon
9324:Bahrain
9294:Uruguay
9269:Ecuador
9249:Bolivia
9179:Jamaica
9159:Grenada
9106:Bahamas
9058:Tunisia
9023:Somalia
9008:Senegal
8993:Nigeria
8983:Namibia
8973:Morocco
8938:Liberia
8933:Lesotho
8883:Eritrea
8853:Comoros
8828:Burundi
8803:Algeria
8678:Display
8650:Related
8609:Georgia
8130:Vesting
8098:Takings
7983:Militia
7841:Compact
7793:Clauses
7719:Signing
7664:History
7095:Related
7015:History
6498:3476939
6058:2546816
6007:2429682
5811:2927402
5604:6257990
4982:1596298
4712:3454210
3891:2649963
3835:May 18,
3453:1288994
416:History
375:citizen
371:citizen
355:citizen
334:in 1940
195:History
9900:Tuvalu
9810:Turkey
9805:Serbia
9795:Russia
9775:Monaco
9765:Kosovo
9709:Sweden
9679:Poland
9674:Norway
9644:Latvia
9619:Greece
9609:France
9584:Cyprus
9543:Europe
9509:Turkey
9499:Taiwan
9404:Kuwait
9389:Jordan
9379:Israel
9339:Brunei
9334:Bhutan
9274:Guyana
9254:Brazil
9194:Panama
9184:Mexico
9121:Canada
9116:Belize
9073:Zambia
9063:Uganda
8998:Rwanda
8953:Malawi
8913:Guinea
8808:Angola
8796:Africa
8736:(film)
8120:Treaty
8023:Postal
8018:Pardon
7194:Voting
6951:Felons
6496:
6452:
6168:
6160:
6072:
6064:
6056:
6048:
6005:
5995:
5956:
5948:
5912:
5904:
5896:
5849:
5809:
5801:
5793:
5764:
5756:
5710:
5702:
5657:
5649:
5641:
5602:
5551:
5543:
5453:
5373:
5365:
5359:part 2
5355:part 1
5323:
5315:
5307:
5299:
5255:
5247:
5239:
5195:
5101:
5093:
4988:
4980:
4972:
4915:
4856:
4816:
4808:
4772:
4710:
4702:
4694:
4625:
4592:
4554:
4546:
4503:
4475:
4413:
4405:
4337:
4329:
4291:
4254:
4246:
4238:
4163:
4155:
4112:
4104:
4041:
3983:
3919:
3889:
3881:
3820:
3790:
3747:
3739:
3731:
3687:
3662:
3624:
3574:
3504:
3496:
3459:
3451:
3443:
1198:
1119:civics
1026:stayed
1014:
994:
986:
978:
970:
962:
817:, and
747:
720:, and
678:
568:, and
564:, the
518:slaves
392:, the
9895:Tonga
9885:Samoa
9875:Palau
9855:Nauru
9704:Spain
9664:Malta
9639:Italy
9534:Yemen
9489:Syria
9464:Qatar
9434:Nepal
9384:Japan
9359:India
9349:China
9259:Chile
9237:South
9169:Haiti
9094:North
9043:Sudan
8988:Niger
8943:Libya
8928:Kenya
8908:Ghana
8898:Gabon
8873:Egypt
8813:Benin
6946:Women
6494:JSTOR
6480:(6).
6468:(PDF)
6395:(PDF)
6388:(PDF)
6369:(PDF)
6362:(PDF)
6265:(PDF)
6250:(PDF)
6177:(PDF)
6140:(PDF)
6054:JSTOR
5921:(PDF)
5910:S2CID
5870:(PDF)
5736:(PDF)
5655:S2CID
5560:(PDF)
5533:(PDF)
5484:(PDF)
5424:(PDF)
5405:(PDF)
5321:S2CID
5305:JSTOR
5253:S2CID
5149:(PDF)
5130:(PDF)
5110:(PDF)
5073:(PDF)
4997:(PDF)
4978:JSTOR
4944:(PDF)
4924:(PDF)
4897:(PDF)
4825:(PDF)
4788:(PDF)
4519:(PDF)
4275:(PDF)
4244:JSTOR
4207:(PDF)
4192:(PDF)
4121:(PDF)
4084:(PDF)
4064:(PDF)
4057:(PDF)
3954:(PDF)
3935:(PDF)
3887:JSTOR
3829:(PDF)
3806:(PDF)
3756:(PDF)
3745:S2CID
3703:(PDF)
3633:(PDF)
3606:(PDF)
3583:(PDF)
3556:(PDF)
3449:JSTOR
2835:2021a
2757:2021b
1328:Notes
445:gave
166:USCIS
9917:Guam
9850:Fiji
9554:and
9444:Oman
9409:Laos
9374:Iraq
9369:Iran
9312:Asia
9284:Peru
9131:Cuba
9053:Togo
8958:Mali
8848:Chad
6450:ISBN
6427:2021
6403:2021
6377:2021
6351:2021
6327:2021
6303:2021
6273:2021
6239:2020
6209:2020
6185:2017
6166:OCLC
6158:ISSN
6129:2021
6105:2021
6081:2021
6070:PMID
6062:OCLC
6046:ISSN
6032:for
6003:SSRN
5993:ISBN
5970:2021
5954:OCLC
5946:ISSN
5902:OCLC
5894:ISSN
5858:2021
5847:ISSN
5818:2021
5807:SSRN
5799:OCLC
5791:ISSN
5762:OCLC
5754:ISSN
5724:2021
5708:OCLC
5700:ISSN
5666:2021
5647:OCLC
5639:ISSN
5600:OCLC
5568:2021
5549:OCLC
5541:ISSN
5521:2020
5467:2021
5451:ISSN
5432:2021
5371:OCLC
5363:ISSN
5332:2021
5313:OCLC
5297:ISSN
5264:2020
5245:OCLC
5237:ISSN
5193:ISBN
5157:2021
5118:2021
5099:OCLC
5091:ISSN
5061:2021
5034:2021
5005:2021
4986:OCLC
4970:ISSN
4932:2020
4913:ISSN
4885:2020
4854:ISBN
4833:2021
4814:OCLC
4806:ISSN
4770:ISBN
4748:2020
4719:2021
4708:SSRN
4700:OCLC
4692:ISSN
4665:2021
4634:2021
4623:ISSN
4590:ISBN
4568:2021
4552:OCLC
4544:ISSN
4501:ISBN
4473:ISBN
4454:2021
4427:2021
4411:OCLC
4403:ISSN
4378:2021
4351:2021
4335:OCLC
4327:ISSN
4300:2020
4289:ISSN
4263:2020
4252:OCLC
4236:ISSN
4228:Clio
4215:2021
4177:2021
4161:OCLC
4153:ISSN
4129:2021
4110:OCLC
4102:ISSN
4072:2021
4039:ISBN
4020:2021
3981:OCLC
3962:2020
3917:ISBN
3898:2020
3879:ISSN
3837:2012
3818:OCLC
3788:ISBN
3764:2021
3737:OCLC
3729:ISSN
3685:ISBN
3660:ISBN
3641:2021
3622:ISSN
3591:2020
3572:ISSN
3544:2021
3513:2021
3502:OCLC
3494:ISSN
3468:2021
3457:OCLC
3441:ISSN
3178:2020
2892:2021
2850:2017
2817:1952
2802:1952
2787:1952
2696:1952
2681:1940
2629:1952
1360:nor
1222:Nazi
1137:and
1005:and
836:and
755:The
726:The
619:and
590:1924
588:and
562:Guam
556:and
357:and
255:1965
7285:VII
7265:III
6941:Men
6486:doi
6150:130
6038:doi
5886:doi
5839:doi
5631:doi
5289:doi
5229:doi
5170:NPR
4962:doi
4684:107
4652:NPR
3871:doi
3859:103
3721:doi
3433:doi
2884:RNZ
171:ICE
10166::
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