885:, accusing Smith and other church leaders of using their ecclesiastical position to coerce recently arrived female converts into becoming Smith's "spiritual wi". They also cite the "false doctrine of many Gods", saying "t is contended that there are innumerable Gods as much above the God that presides over this universe, as he is above us; and if he varies from the law unto which he is subjected, he, with all his creatures, will be cast down as was Lucifer". The statement criticizes the process behind the recent excommunication, writing "Smith has established an inquisition"—a process they "contend is contrary to the book of Doctrine and Covenants, for our law condemnest no man until he is heard".
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507:. After the Nauvoo City Charter passed both houses of the state legislature, Illinois governor Thomas Carlin signed it into law on December 16, 1849. The charter allowed the Nauvoo city council to pass laws 'not in conflict with the state and federal constitutions'; Chicago and Alton charters had similar provisions. The charter also empowered the Nauvoo Municipal Court to issue writs of habeas corpus. The power would later enable Joseph Smith to elude authorities from Missouri, where he was wanted on charges of treason. Nauvoo was not the only city with such a power; In 1839, Alton had been granted the same power to issue habeus corpus writs.
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to us—freedom of speech, the liberty of the press, and the right to worship God as seemeth us good." The authors resolve not to "acknowledge any man as king or law-giver to the church" and vow to oppose "every attempt to unite church and state". They accuse Smith and other church officials of introducing "false and damnable doctrines into the Church, such as a plurality of Gods above the God of this universe, and his liability to fall with all his creations; the plurality of wives, for time and eternity, the doctrine of unconditional sealing up to eternal life, against all crimes except that of shedding innocent blood".
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to overthrow all good and wholesome regulations in society; to strengthen themselves against the municipality; to fortify themselves against the church of which I am a member, and destroy all our religious rights and privileges, by libels, slanders, falsehoods, perjury & sticking at no corruption to accomplish their hellish purposes. and that said paper of itself was libelous of the deepest dye, and very injurious as a vehicle of defamation,—tending to corrupt the morals, and disturb the peace, tranquillity and happiness of the whole community, and especially that of Nauvoo.
165:
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720:(named for a Mormon who had recently died in an accident). Smith reported he was "never in any nearer relationship to God than at the present time". Smith elaborated, saying he wanted to "refute the idea that God was God from all eternity". Smith explain that God was "once was a man like us". He advised followers that "You have got to learn how to make yourselves God, king and priest, by going from a small capacity to a great capacity to the resurrection of the dead to dwelling in everlasting burnings."
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641:'s daughter Elvira, recently wed to another man, had married Joseph Smith. On September 12, Cowles resigned his seat in the high council. Afterwards, Cowles "was far more outspoken and energetic in his opposition to polygamy than almost any other man in Nauvoo." On July 12, 1843, Joseph Smith dictated a revelation about polygamy. Later that day, Joseph and Hyrum presented it to Joseph's first wife Emma, who rejected it. On August 12, 1843,
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402:. While promoting polygamy in private, Smith publicly denied the practice of polygamy. In response, a handful of high-ranking church leaders denounced Smith as a fallen prophet, founded a reformed church, and announced plans to publish a newspaper -- acts that resulted in their excommunication from Smith's church. Based on their testimony, Smith was indicted on state criminal charges of perjury and "fornication and adultery".
235:
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22:
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473:, which he described as an English translation of ancient golden plates he received from an angel. The same year he organized the Church of Christ, calling it a restoration of the early Christian Church. Members of the church were later called "Latter Day Saints" or "Mormons". Smith and his followers sought to assemble together in a theocratic community under Smith's leadership, or
852:, dated June 7, 1844, was a four-page publication. In addition to more mundane content such as poetry and marriage announcements, it contained a statement from the "Seceders from the Church at Nauvoo" and sworn statements from multiple individuals attesting to the teaching of "the plurality of wives".
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journal:"Wednesday 12th This A.M, I wrote a
Revelation consisting of 10 pages on the order of the priesthood, showing the designs in Moses, Abraham, David and Solomon having many wives & concubines &c. After it was wrote Prests. Joseph & Hyrum presented it and read it to who said she did
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A division of militia began marching away from
Carthage, but soon received orders to disband. Learning that the Governor had dismissed the troops, a group from Warsaw set out to Carthage to see the Governor. Enroute, a messenger informed the group that the Governor had gone to Nauvoo and "there is
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On April 13, Smith questioned Robert Foster in
Municipal Court. When Foster declined to testify, Joseph brought charges against him "for abusing my character privately, for throwing out slanderous insinuation against me, for conspiring against my peace and Safety, for conspiring against my life, for
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In the investigation it appeared evident to the council that the proprietors were a set of unprincipled men, lawless, debouchees, counterfeiters, Bogus Makers, gamblers, peace disturbers, and that the grand object of said proprietors was to destroy our constitutional rights and chartered privileges;
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On May 26, Smith again denied polygamy, preaching: "What a thing it is for a man to be accused of committing adultery, and having seven wives, when I can only find one. I am the same man, and as innocent as I was fourteen years ago; and I can prove them all perjurers." On May 29, 1844, the church's
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Plural
Marriage in Kirtland and Nauvoo quote: "Fragmentary evidence suggests that Joseph Smith acted on the angel’s first command by marrying a plural wife, Fanny Alger, in Kirtland, Ohio, in the mid-1830s. Several Latter-day Saints who had lived in Kirtland reported decades later that Joseph Smith
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There are many newspapers in this state which have been wrongfully abusing me for more than a year, and yet such is my regard for the liberty of the press and the rights of a free people in a republican government that I would shed the last drop of my blood to protect those presses from any illegal
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The statement suggests that their struggle will be on-going, writing: "We most solemnly and sincerely declare that the sword of truth shall not depart from the thigh, nor the buckler from the arm, until we can enjoy those glorious privileges which nature's God and our country's laws have guarantied
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filed a legal complaint in the Fifth
Judicial District of Illinois, suing Smith for slander and requesting damages of five thousand dollars. On May 4, William Law, his wife Jane, and Austin Cowles appeared before a Justice of the Peace and gave a sworn statement about Smith's polygamy. On May 7,
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On April 18, four dissenters were excommunicated from the church: William Law, his wife Jane, his brother
William, and Robert D. Foster; contrary to standard protocol in Church courts, they were given no opportunity to defend themselves or bring witnesses, nor were the defendants present at their
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marriage with Smith. Law's wife later described Smith's proposals, saying that Smith had "asked her to give him half her love; she was at liberty to keep the other half for her husband." Upon learning of the proposal, Law threatened to expose Smith unless he went before the High
Council to confess
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s printing press was legally questionable, under the law of the time the newspaper could have been declared libelous and therefore a public nuisance by the Nauvoo City
Council. Oaks concludes it would have been legally permissible under the common law of the time for city officials to destroy, or
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12, a hearing was held in the
Municipal Court of Nauvoo. The Court dismissed the charges against Smith. The following day, Smith presided over the Municipal Court of Nauvoo when it dismissed the charges against the others named in the Hancock County Court warrant. Unable to compel Smith to return,
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attempted to recruit two Nauvoo men, Marenus G. Eaton and
Abiathar Williams, with stories about "men tied hand and foot and runthrough the heart with a sword, and there heads taken off, and then buried." The pair attended a meeting in the back room of a grocery store; in attendance were the Laws,
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ordered the publication of testimony and affidavits which purported to be accounts of Chauncey Higbee's trial before the high council two years earlier. According to the documents, Chauncey Higbee had been accused of "adulterous sins" and tried on May 24, 1842. Included were statements from women
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On May 23, a grand jury from the Hancock County Circuit Court issued a criminal indictment against Smith on the charges of perjury based on the statements of Joseph Jackson and Robert Foster. A second indictment, for "fornication and adultery", was issued based on the statements of William and
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publicly alleged that a married member of the church, though fearful of civil authorites, espoused his religious liberty to take a second wife. On March 24, 1832, an Ohio mob stripped Smith naked with an eye to castrate him, but the doctor refused to carry out the procedure at the last minute;
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On June 25, after he received guarantees of safety, Smith surrendered on the riot charges expecting to be freed on bail. Once in Carthage, Smith was also charged with treason against Illinois for declaring martial law. Treason, a capital crime, was not a bailable offense. Smith, Hyrum, and other
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two years later. After resigning in 2010, Palmer published an article on William Law in which he opined that Law was "the most credible and important person to have ever left the First Presidency". Palmer argues that William and Jane Law opposed Joseph Smith because he ordered the death of his
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was excommunicated for adultery, Bennett published a book-length exposé revealing Smith's own practice of polygamy. On August 31, a broadsheet was published featuring affidavits defending Joseph Smith from Bennett's charges; among his defenders were William Law, his brother Wilson Law, Francis
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And WHEREAS, Hiram Smith did in presence of the City Council, and the citizens of Nauvoo, offer a reward for the destruction of the printing press and materials of the Warsaw Signal, -- a newspaper also opposed to his interest. ... And.. WHEREAS, Hiram Smith has within the last week publicly
1612:, dissident Mormon historian Fawn Brodie described the destruction of the press as a "violation of the holy Constitution", opining that "It was a greater breach of political and legal discipline than the anti-Mormons could have hoped for." The following year, Brodie was excommunicated. In
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In March 1844, Emma organized a series of meetings, and publicly denounced polygamy as evil and destructive; though she did not directly disclose Smith's secret practice of plural marriage, she insisted that people should heed only what he taught publicly—implicitly challenging his private
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Eaton and Williams reported the events of the meeting to Joseph Smith. On March 24, Joseph Smith told his congregation that a group planned to "destroy all the Smith family in a few weeks", naming the members as: Chauncey Higbee, Robert Foster, Joseph Jackson, and William and Wilson Law.
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25, 1844, Joseph and Hyrum Smith, along with the other fifteen co-defendants, surrendered to Bettisworth on the original charge of inciting a riot. An arraignment was held on the rioting charge and Justice Robert F. Smith granted bail of $ 500 for each of the defendants.
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Early on June 27, Smith authored an order to Nauvoo Legion commander Jonathan Dunham instructing him to bring the Legion to Carthage and stage a jailbreak. Smith and the other prisoners were guarded only by six members of the Carthage Grays, led by Sgt. Frank Worrell.
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Charles Ivin, in association with the Laws, Higgbees, and Fosters, set up a print shop in Nauvoo On May 8, the Warsaw Signal reported a new church had been organized under the leadership of William Law, who preached that Joseph Smith was a fallen prophet; the
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At the meeting, Robert Foster told about Joseph Smith's attempt to seduce Robert's wife. Chauncey Higbee confirmed the practice of polygamy among Smith and other church leaders. Jackson suggested he had knowledge of a conspiracy to kill the Smiths.
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nobody in Carthage you can ". When the group approached the building, jailers became alarmed, but Smith, mistaking the mob for the Nauvoo Legion, told a jailer: "Don't trouble yourself ... they've come to rescue me." The mob attacked the jail and
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published the resolutions, editorializing that "epeated attempts have been made to arrest Smith, but he has been uniformly screened from the officers of Justice, by the aid of the Municipal Court , which is the tool and echo of himself."
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In their prospectus, the publishers advocate for major reforms including the repeal of the Nauvoo City Charter. They vow to "decry moral imperfections" wherever found, "whether in the Plebeian, Patrician, or self-constituted monarch".
3572:"President Smith Arrested for Riot in Relation to "Expositor" Affair—Habeas Corpus Proceedings before Municipal Court—A Call from Arkansas—The Prophets's Dreams—Mass Meeting at Warsaw—Letters to Governor Ford on "Expositor" Affair"
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In public, Joseph Smith repeatedly denied adultery and polygamy throughout his lifetime. In 2014, the Church admitted Smith had married about 40 of his female followers, including a 14-year-old and others who were already married.
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I now express to you my opinion that your conduct in the destruction of the press was a very gross outrage upon the laws and the liberties of the people. It may have been full of libels, but this did not authorize you to destroy
880:
The statement discusses the schism, attributed to "many items of doctrine, as now taught, some of which, however, are taught secretly, and denied openly" which they declare "heretical and damnable". They cite the practice of
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reminded the group that he was Joseph's designee as president if both Joseph and Hyrum had died. Samuel died on July 30; Smith's brother, William, later stated that he had good reason to believe that Smith was poisoned by
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A mob had stormed into Independence, burned the printing house, smashed the press, carried off the newly printed collections of revelations, tarred and feathered Bishop Partridge, and ordered the whole colony to leave the
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of which he was the commander-in-chief holding the rank of Lieutenant General. In response, Governor Ford raised a militia, peacefully entering Nauvoo to search for Joseph Smith, who had fled the state.
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F. Smith heard testimony from Augustine Spencer and issued a writ for the arrest of Joseph and Hyrum Smith on the charge of treason against Illinois. The Smiths were placed under arrest and transported to
1266:
Whereas said Smith and others refuse to obey the mandate of said writ; and whereas in the opinion of this meeting, it is impossible for said officer so raise a posse of sufficient strength to execute said
3833:
Bennett, R. E., Black, S. E., & Cannon, D. Q. (2010). The Nauvoo Legion in Illinois: A history of the Mormon Militia, 1841-1846. Arthur H. Clark Co./University of Oklahoma Press. pgs 106, 204-208, 247
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William Law requested his case be heard at the April 1844 general conference but was denied because of the explosive nature of things at Nauvoo resulting from the mounting opposition of the dissenters.
677:
1465:. Hosea Stout was suspected in part because, as reported by Smith's wife, Stout had been administering a white powder to Smith daily as treatment for his illness. Smith's sole remaining brother,
1469:, later argued Samuel had been poisoned. On October 6, 1845, William Smith was removed from the offices of apostle and patriarch, and was disfellowshipped; He was excommunicated on October 19.
818:
After Joseph Smith's proposal to his wife Jane, William Law revealed Smith's polygamy and Smith was indicted for 'fornication and adultery'. Law then became one of the publishers of the
957:. One order (left) to the Nauvoo Legion was sent in his capacity as Lt. General of the Legion, while a second order (right) was sent to the town marshall in his capacity of Nauvoo Mayor.
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carried out the order during the evening of June 10. Smith and other members of the council were charged with inciting a riot; after an arrest warrant was issued for Smith, he declared
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reported Law had preached to an audience of 300, while other speakers included Francis Higbee and James Blakesley. On May 18, the church excommunicated Francis M. Higbee, Blakesley,
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In early 1844, Dr. Robert D. Foster returned home to find his wife being visited by Joseph Smith. She later confessed that Smith had preached polygamy and attempted to seduce her.
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Sometime between June 23 and June 27, 1844, Smith reportedly stated that "if he and Hyrum were taken away, Samuel H. Smith would be his successor". In a meeting on July 10, 1844,
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William Law later reported that the conference featured "some of the most blasphemous doctrines... ever heard of," such as "other gods as far above our God as he is above us."
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and its editors on trial, as if that body was of a judicial instead of a legislative character." The trial "lasted all of Saturday, June 8, and a part of Monday, June 10".
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1216:
12, the Hancock County Justice of the Peace issued a warrant for the arrest of Smith and 17 other named individuals under the jurisdiction of the Hancock County Court.
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They have ever since refused to be arrested or to submit to a trial at any other place or before any other court, except in the city and before the Municipal Court .
877:
The preamble establishes that despite the schism, the authors maintain their belief in "the religion of the Latter Day Saints, as originally taught by Joseph Smith".
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contained affidavits alleging the teaching of a revelation from Smith which "authorized certain men to have more wives than one at a time". Statements were made by
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Cowdery also expressed his concerns of Smith's relationship with Alger, a teenage maid living with the Smiths in Kirtland in a January 1838 letter to his brother
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had married Alger, who lived and worked in the Smith household, after he had obtained her consent and that of her parents. Little is known about this marriage."
3871:"Now is the time to rush on, the Governor is gone to Nauvoo and there is nobody in Carthage but what you can put dependence in", per Carthage Conspiracy p.152
2378:" had some conversation in which in every instance I did not fail to affirm that which I had said was strictly true. A dirty, nasty, filthy affair of his and
1515:. This disincorporated the City of Nauvoo and dissolved its municipal institutions. Nauvoo municipal assets were court-ordered to be placed in receivership.
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reported that a press had been obtained and a paper would soon be published. On May 10, a newspaper prospectus was circulated, announcing the creation of the
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21 Governor Ford arrived at the Hancock County seat in Carthage. On June 21, Joseph H. Jackson swore two affidavits about recent events in Nauvoo. On June
649:
concerning plural marriage to the Nauvoo High Council. On November 5, Smith became sick and was suspected of having been poisoned, perhaps by wife Emma.
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In 1833, a mob of settlers attacked a Mormon newspaper's printing office, destroyed the press, and tarred and feathered two Mormon leaders. Mormons were
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a nuisance, and also issued an order to me to abate the said nuisance. I immediately ordered the Marshall to destroy it without delay." – Joseph Smith
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2382:'s was talked over in which I strictly declared that I had never deserted from the truth in the matter, and as I supposed was admitted by himself."
1668:. The official church website cites the opinion of Oaks, asserting that "The Nauvoo City Council had reason to believe their actions were legal."
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some suggest this incident may have stemmed from intimacies with a girl or woman not his wife. In January 1838, original Book of Mormon witness
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12, Bettisworth served Smith with the warrant. Rather than return with Bettisworth to the Hancock County Court, Smith instead petitioned the
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1147:, Jonathan Dunham, Stephen Markham, William Edwards, Jonathan Holmes, Jesse P. Harmon, John Lytle, Joseph W. Coolidge, Harvey D. Redfield,
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on November 11, 1838. He was released 18 days later. On June 30, 1842, Francis Higbee gave a sworn statement that "Joseph Smith told that
1671:
Other Mormon legal scholars, such as Edwin Firmage and R. Collin Mangrum, similarly concluded that "Whether or not the suppression of the
1507:
At the next session of the Illinois state legislature the following December, the Nauvoo Charter was repealed by a vote of 25–14 in the
3861:
https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/account-of-trial-24-28-may-1845-a-state-of-illinois-v-williams-et-al/81#full-transcript
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713:
On April 6, Law notified Smith and some members of the Twelve that he desired an investigation before the Church General Conference.
517:
in 1836 in Canada. In 1839, Law led a group of Canadian LDS members to Nauvoo. In 1841, Joseph Smith chose him to be a member of the
1644:"abate", the actual printed newspapers. However, he notes that there "was no legal justification in 1844 for the destruction of the
4434:
3880:
Smith, An Intimate Chronicle, p. 138; William Clayton Diary, typescript, 12 July 1844, original in First Presidency's Archives
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1271:... it is the opinion of this meeting that the circumstances of the case require the interposition of executive power. Therefore,
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23, a posse under the command of the governor entered Nauvoo to execute an arrest warrant, but they were unable to locate Smith.
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127:
3176:"19: Charges against President Smith before the Circuit Court—His Voluntary Appearances at Court—Treatment—Return to Nauvoo".
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On July 17, 1831, Smith dictated a revelation that "foreshadowed" the practice of plural wives. On December 8, former member
547:. Chauncey Higbee had also joined the church in 1832. In November 1841, he had been appointed aide-de-camp to Major General
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March 24 - Smith publicly accuses dissenters (C. Higbee, R. Foster, Jackson and Laws) of conspiring to murder him and family
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While most scholars agree that the destruction of the press was illegal, some Mormons have defended the destruction of the
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Wilson Law who swore Smith had been living with Maria Lawrence "in an open state of adultery" since the prior October 12.
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1204:, believing that it was an example of Mormon disregard for their laws. Many of them, including the neighboring newspapers
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3477:"Hearing on the Expositor Affair (June 12, 1844) Habeas Corpus Action Brought in Nauvoo Municipal Court by Joseph Smith"
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106:
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3783:"Arrest of Joseph and Hyrum Smith on a Charge of Treason—False Imprisonment—Elder Taylor's Protest—False Imprisonment"
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mission president in Chicago to Second Counselor in the Stake Presidency. In 1965, Oaks, then a law professor at the
751:. Decades later, Law recalled having been invited to a 'reconciliation dinner' but declining amid fears of poisoning.
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Schindler, Benita N. Orrin Porter Rockwell: Man of God Son of Thunder (p. 66, 133). University of Utah Press. 1993
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Constable David Bettisworth was tasked with arresting Smith and conveying him to the Hancock County Court. On June
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Gordon, Sarah Barringer (September 2015). "Mormons and the Law". In Barlow, Philip L.; Givens, Terryl L. (eds.).
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Prince, Stephen L. Hosea Stout: Lawman, Legislator, Mormon Defender. Utah State University Press. 2016 pgs 90-110
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3456:"Warrant for the Arrest of Joseph Smith and Others for the Destruction of the Nauvoo Expositor (June 12, 1844)"
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Cook, Lyndon W. "William Law, Nauvoo Dissenter". (10.2 MB) BYU Studies. Winter, 1982. Vol. 22, no. 1, p. 47-72.
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Joseph Smith ultimately married at least eleven women who were already married, and made proposals to others.
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2428:"Affidavits and Certificates, Disproving the Statements and Affidavits Contained in John C. Bennett's Letters"
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secretly preached the practice of polygamy. In response, Chauncey Higbee was excommunicated from the church.
379:, that published only one issue. Its publication, and the destruction of the printing press ordered by Mayor
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June 12 - Arrest warrants issued for Smith and 17 others; Smith apprehended but released by Municipal court
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claimed Chauncey had been tried for adultery two years prior. He later became one of the publishers of the
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could be easily put aside or drowned, and no person would be the wiser for it". On January 15, 1844, the
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10. Non-Mormons in Hancock County were infuriated when they heard of the news of the destruction of the
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Joseph Smith made several proposals to William Law's wife Jane, under the premise that she would enter a
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Resolved, that a deputation of two discreet men be sent to Springfield to solicit such interposition.
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On April 7, Smith addressed the Church's annual general conference in Nauvoo in a speech known as the
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398:, had a practice of secretly marrying his followers, including other men's wives. Smith is estimated
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3057:"Joseph Smith Fought Polygamy, Vision Articles -- the Conspirators Organized a New Church at Nauvoo"
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1962:
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Five individuals were indicted for Smith's death: Thomas C. Sharp, publisher of the Warsaw Signal;
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3120:"21: The Destruction of the "Nauvoo Expositor"—Proceedings of the Nauvoo City Council and Mayor".
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threatened the life of one of our valued citizens -- Thos. C. Sharp, the editor of the Signal...
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and repent. On January 8, 1844, Smith removed Law from the First Presidency. On February 1, the
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Zion in the Courts: A Legal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-1900
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was excommunicated, in part because he "seemed to insinuate" that Smith was guilty of adultery.
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Zion in the Courts: A Legal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1830-1900
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https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/affidavit-from-joseph-h-jackson-21-june-1844-b/1
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https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/affidavit-from-joseph-h-jackson-21-june-1844-a/1
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Cite error: The named reference ":0" was defined multiple times with different content (see the
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enemies, married other men's wives, and sought to establish a kingdom within the United States.
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church trial. Also excommunicated was Howard Smith. Joseph charged Foster with "immorality and
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Helfrich, R. (2022). Mormon Studies: A critical history. McFarland & Company, Inc. page 82.
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Bettisworth left Nauvoo without Smith or any of the others named in the arrest warrant. On June
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Smith fled the jurisdiction to avoid arrest, crossing the Mississippi River into Iowa. On June
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Latter Days: An Insider's Guide to Mormonism, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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1925:. University of Illinois: University of Illinois Press. pp. 114 & 115 of 430 pages.
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press as a nuisance" and that its owners could have sued for damages; Oaks was president of
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volume VI (1912), pp. 430-432. The council met on June 8 and June 10 to discuss the matter.
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reported that recent travelers had been told they could not leave the city without a pass.
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Junius And Joseph: Presidential Politics and the Assassination of the First Mormon Prophet
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1992:. Religion in North America. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 61.
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announced that Hiram Brown had been excommunicated for preaching polygamy in Michigan.
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not believe a word of it and appeared very rebellious. ...appears much troubled about "
2021:
1653:
1550:
1065:
532:
3647:
https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/minutes-10-june-1844/2#full-transcript
2930:
2483:
https://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/Dialogue_V29N02_21.pdf
864:
Lead type from Nauvoo Expositor that had been dumped onto Mulholland Street in Nauvoo.
759:
4370:
4231:
4129:
4088:
4061:
4005:
3759:
3755:
My Own Pioneers 1830-1918: Volume I, Pioneering the Borders: The New Saints 1830-1847
3665:
3627:
3551:
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2003:
1993:
1926:
1739:
May 23 - Smith indicted by Hancock grand jury for perjury, 'fornication and adultery'
1492:
1254:
gathered in the county seat for a mass-meeting in response to the destruction of the
1060:
775:
524:
1285:
press also libelous and issued a reward for its destruction. The following day, the
791:
was planned as an exposé of church practices which Law and his associates opposed.
592:
Oliver Cowdery (left) and John C. Bennett (right) had both accused Smith of polygamy
4358:
3902:
1920:
1462:
1106:
1070:
1029:
540:
518:
504:
376:
598:
Although he had been married since 1827 and polygamy was criminal, Smith had been
4119:
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3621:
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3429:
3251:
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3008:
2832:
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2622:
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2110:
2061:
1990:
Shakers, Mormons, and Religious Worlds: Conflicting Visions, Contested Boundaries
1958:
1678:
1617:
1590:
1554:
1519:
1508:
1148:
1122:
882:
618:
548:
536:
528:
493:
422:
410:
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1624:
1603:
by Smith and the council, while other Mormons view the destruction as illegal.
1586:
1496:
1178:
1140:
1098:
735:
Sworn statements by the witnesses to the Key Stone Store were published in the
611:
478:
470:
446:, guarded by only seven men. Though expecting to be rescued by his followers,
3328:"June 8–10 Meeting of the Nauvoo City Council Concerning the Nauvoo Expositor"
860:
676:
4393:
4159:"A look at President Dallin H. Oaks, first counselor in the First Presidency"
3970:
3937:
1484:
1458:
1415:
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1287:
1152:
1055:
906:
803:
799:
768:
638:
552:
462:
458:
443:
434:
3815:
Worrell would later by shot and killed by Porter Rockwell in September 1945.
767:
On April 28, the anti-polygamist dissenters held a meeting. William Law and
583:
3093:"Come up Hither to Zion: William Marks and the Mormon Concept of Gathering"
1825:"'Better to Smash Than to Live': The Order to Destroy the Nauvoo Expositor"
1523:
1488:
1161:
Smith called a meeting of the City Council, where "he proceeded to put the
837:
500:
380:
4084:
Having Visions: The Book of Mormon Translated and Exposed in Plain English
3782:
3958:
3661:
Cultures in Conflict: A Documentary History of the Mormon War in Illinois
3571:
3183:
3127:
2809:"24 March 1844 (Sunday). At Temple Stand | Religious Studies Center"
2379:
2217:
Bushman p. 323: "There is evidence that Joseph was a polygamist by 1835."
1900:
volume VI (1912), p. 432: "The Council passed an ordinance declaring the
1454:
1333:
1136:
1002:
642:
544:
430:
4318:
4314:
2834:
William Law: Biographical Essay, Nauvoo Diary, Correspondence, Interview
87: in this template. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3920:"Mormonism: A Letter from William Smith, Brother of Joseph the Prophet"
3503:
Carthage Conspiracy: The Trial of the Accused Assassins of Joseph Smith
3431:
Carthage Conspiracy: The Trial of the Accused Assassins of Joseph Smith
1675:
was justified, such action may have exceeded the council's authority."
1328:
Lt. General Joseph Smith's last public address was to the Nauvoo Legion
1184:
1050:
747:", character defamation, lying, and endangering his life in the Nauvoo
606:
503:, he fled to Illinois, where he founded a new settlement that he named
2112:
The History of the Saints; or, an Exposé of Joseph Smith and Mormonism
1620:
called Brodie "the most imminent of Smith's unbelieving biographers".
1526:. In early 1846, the majority of the Latter Day Saints left the city.
4099:
In a critical biography of Joseph Smith that challenged the truth of
1409:
After the defendants were granted bail on the riot charge, Justice R.
680:
Chauncey Higbee, one of the attendees of the meeting. On May 29, the
653:
372:
3010:
Personalities in the Doctrine and Covenants and Joseph Smith–History
2063:
Personalities in the Doctrine and Covenants and Joseph Smith–History
1192:
Seeking relief from the state courts, Francis M. Higbee, one of the
543:
Municipal Court issued a warrant for his arrest on the affidavit of
234:
62:
3107:"Uncle Dale's Old Mormon Articles: Warsaw Signal (1844: Jan.-June)"
1181:, accompanied by a hundred man posse, carried out the destruction.
744:
574:
496:, Smith was jailed and his followers were forced out of Missouri.
388:
2007:
1581:
1375:... a warrant against the authors of this destruction for a riot;
814:
3528:"Hearing on the Nauvoo Expositor Affair in Auvoo Municipal Court"
1660:
to high levels of LDS Church leadership, as a member of both the
1359:
22, Ford wrote to the Mayor and City Council of Nauvoo, writing:
1344:, an organized city militia of about 5,000 men. On June 20, the
1258:. The meeting resolved to seek help from the Governor, writing:
426:
513:, a wealthy immigrant from Ireland, and his wife had joined the
3313:
3152:
Kingdom on the Mississippi Revisited: Nauvoo in Mormon History
2442:"Mormon church admits founder Joseph Smith had about 40 wives"
2681:. Hartford, Connecticut: Dustin, Gilman & Co. p. 61.
1196:
s publishers, gave a sworn statement about the events of June
1889:
1775:
Joseph authors order to Nauvoo Legion calling for jailbreak
1518:
The winter of 1845–46 saw the enormous preparations for the
771:
were variously reportedly to have been named to leadership.
383:
and the city council, set off a chain of events that led to
4183:
In the Hands of the Lord: The Life of Dallin H. Oaks" p.106
354:
3179:
History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
3123:
History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
1897:
History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1851:
History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
2353:
409:, published on June 7, 1844, exposed Smith's practice of
4074:
836:
claiming he had committed adultery by telling them that
527:
had joined the church in 1832. In the aftermath of the
3013:. Salt Lake City, Utah: Hawkes Publishing. p. 40.
2066:. Salt Lake City, Utah: Hawkes Publishing. p. 71.
2022:"Uncle Dale's Old Mormon Articles: Missouri, 1831–1837"
1712:
September 12 - Austin Cowles resigns from High Council
1499:, commander of the Warsaw Cadets. All were acquitted.
1479:
Killing of Joseph Smith § Responsibility and trial
4296:"Why William and Jane Law Left the LDS Church in 1844"
4276:
Firmage, Edwin Brown; Mangrum, Richard Collin (2001).
3686:
Letter from Joseph Smith to Thomas Ford (14 June 1844)
3544:
Firmage, Edwin Brown; Mangrum, Richard Collin (2001).
2624:
Joseph Smith's Polygamy: Toward a Better Understanding
1919:
Firmage, Edwin Brown; Mangrum, Richard Collin (2001).
1706:
July 12 - Joseph Smith dictates revelation on Polygamy
1502:
1487:, commander of 59th Regiment of the Illinois militia;
1390:
1212:, called for the arrest of the Mormon leaders. On June
809:
2144:"Mormon Church History: Mormon History, Jan 15, 1844"
1948:
1724:
January 8 - William Law removed from First Presidency
1639:
in which he argued that while the destruction of the
413:
and accused him of promoting polytheism by teaching
4332:
3909:(Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books) pp. 152–153.
3891:
Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith
708:
531:, Francis Higbee was arraigned along with Smith, in
4381:
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints article
3991:
3091:Bruno, Cheryl L.; Dinger, John S. (June 11, 2024).
1843:
1173:a public nuisance, Smith issued two orders for the
521:. He was also a member of the Nauvoo city council.
3993:
3377:"William Alexander Linn: The Story of the Mormons"
1955:Faithful History: Essays on Writing Mormon History
1763:June 23 - Gov. Ford and state militia enter Nauvoo
1681:was a Mormon historian who authored the 2002 book
1281:published reports that Hyrum Smith had called the
763:The Nauvoo Expositor building in Nauvoo, Illinois.
4280:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 109–113.
4060:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 377.
4057:No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith
2080:
1951:"On Being a Mormon Historian (And Its Aftermath)"
1757:June 13 - Mass meeting of Hancock county citizens
1709:August 12 - Hyrum Smith reads Polygamy revelation
1491:, commander of the Warsaw Independent Battalion;
385:Smith's arrest for treason and subsequent killing
4391:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
425:and ordered the press to be destroyed. The town
186:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
3678:
2286:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarquardt1999 (
953:Joseph Smith issued dual orders to destroy the
4289:
4287:
4275:
4223:
3851:Testimony of Benjamin Brackenbury, 26 May 1845
3818:
3657:
3543:
3148:
2276:
1918:
617:In 1842, after church leader and Nauvoo mayor
4224:Bergera, Gary James; Priddis, Ronald (1985).
3500:Oaks, Dallin H.; Hill, Marvin S. (May 1979).
3495:
3493:
3401:Newell, Coke; Newell, Clayton (May 4, 2001).
2863:
2621:Hales, Brian C.; Hales, Laura Harris (2015).
2573:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFUlrich2017 (
2545:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFBrodie1971 (
1656:. In 1984, he resigned from the Court to be
855:
469:In 1830, Joseph Smith, age 24, published the
3827:
3658:Hallwas, John; Launius, Roger (April 1995).
3539:
3537:
3400:
3204:
3149:Launius, Roger D.; Hallwas, John E. (1996).
3043:"Joseph Smith's Polygamy, Volume 2: History"
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2661:
2659:
2650:"Joseph Smith's Polygamy, Volume 2: History"
2496:"Joseph Smith's Polygamy, Volume 2: History"
2312:
2304:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTanner1987 (
2268:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFoster1981 (
2250:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTanner1987 (
2231:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrodie1971 (
2205:"Joseph Smith's Polygamy, Volume 1: History"
1986:"Imagination and Reality in the Mormon Zion"
1730:April 18 - Laws and R. Foster excommunicated
1226:Joseph Smith and the criminal justice system
912:
732:conspiring against the peace of my family."
4303:John Whitmer Historical Association Journal
4284:
3836:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3249:
3090:
2894:
2750:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFPark2020 (
2691:
2585:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFPark2020 (
2557:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFHill1989 (
2526:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSmith1995 (
2318:Ezra Booth, letter dated December 6, 1831,
2294:
2258:
2014:
1495:, captain of the Warsaw Rifle Company; and
396:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4376:Illinois Constitution of 1818 (wikisource)
4227:Brigham Young University: A House of Faith
3623:Desert Saints: The Mormon Frontier in Utah
3490:
2620:
2335:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHowe1834 (
1781:Joseph and Hyrum Smith killed by lynch mob
1778:Davis contingent receives order to disband
1299:14, Smith defended the destruction of the
872:
671:
349:June 7, 1844 newspaper in Nauvoo, Illinois
4230:. Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books.
4195:"The Suppression of the Nauvoo Expositor"
4080:
3594:
3592:
3534:
2721:
2656:
2322:(Ravenna, OH), December 8, 1831. Text at
2282:
2108:
1977:
1652:until 1980, when he was appointed to the
337:Learn how and when to remove this message
319:Learn how and when to remove this message
217:Learn how and when to remove this message
147:Learn how and when to remove this message
4425:History of the Latter Day Saint movement
4420:Defunct newspapers published in Illinois
4217:
4000:. University of Illinois Press. p.
3777:
3775:
3752:Kappler, Kathryn J. (January 29, 2015).
3619:
3499:
3427:
3295:
3205:Wicks, Robert; Foister, Fred R. (2005).
2976:
2460:"Plural Marriage in Kirtland and Nauvoo"
2136:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1766:June 25 - Smith and defendants surrender
1580:
1323:
1319:
859:
813:
758:
675:
622:Higbee and his brother Chauncey Higbee.
457:
353:
4367:, with original columns and formatting.
4118:
4107:, Mormon historian Fawn Brodie wrote...
4043:. Oxford University Press. p. 595.
3751:
3428:Oaks, Dallin H; Hill, Marvin S (1979).
3347:
2564:
2359:
1219:
4392:
4293:
4053:
4038:
3964:
3907:The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power
3589:
3006:
2668:
2568:
2540:
2393:
2300:
2264:
2245:
2226:
2102:
2059:
2037:
1983:
1944:
1942:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1874:
1831:. University of Missouri - Kansas City
1818:
1816:
754:
255:Please improve this article by adding
4430:Latter Day Saint movement in Illinois
4294:Palmer, Grant H. (Fall–Winter 2012).
3772:
3699:"Military Service Records of LDS Men"
3240:History of the Church, vol 6, p. 411)
3041:Hales, Brian C. (February 26, 2013).
3040:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2674:
2648:Hales, Brian C. (February 26, 2013).
2647:
2521:
2494:Hales, Brian C. (February 26, 2013).
2493:
2203:Hales, Brian C. (February 26, 2013).
2202:
1857:
1793:
1742:June 1 - Jackson expose published in
1444:Succession crisis (Latter Day Saints)
697:the Higbees, and Robert D. Foster.
602:and faced accusations of adultery.
4192:
4081:Wolverton, Susan Stansfield (2004).
3996:Nauvoo : Kingdom on Mississippi
2837:. Grandin Book Company. p. 18.
2830:
2745:
2580:
2552:
2331:
2146:. mormon-church-history.blogspot.com
1760:June 18 - Smith declares martial law
1533:
1185:Aftermath of the destruction of the
1169:After the city council declared the
629:
433:and mobilized the city militia, the
228:
158:
85:adding citations to reliable sources
56:
15:
3025:
2166:"Higbee, Chauncey Lawson - Details"
1939:
1907:
1813:
1804:"Polygamy, Persecution And Power",
1684:An Insider's View of Mormon Origins
1503:Repeal of Nauvoo Charter and Exodus
1391:Surrender and killing of the Smiths
810:Criminal indictment of Joseph Smith
726:
565:Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy
415:that church members can become gods
13:
4054:Brodie, Fawn M. (August 1, 1995).
2991:
2950:
2088:"Higbee, Francis Marion - Details"
1822:
1428:killed both Joseph and Hyrum Smith
400:to have married nearly fifty wives
14:
4466:
4328:
4128:. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.
4125:Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling
2956:
1810:, June 16, 1996, paragraph 16, 17
709:General conference and exaltation
465:allegedly of Joseph Smith in 1844
31:This article has multiple issues.
4371:1840 Nauvoo Charter (wikisource)
4343:Latter Day Saint movement portal
4335:
4269:
4244:
4186:
4177:
4151:
4142:
4112:
4047:
4041:The Oxford Handbook of Mormonism
4032:
4018:
3985:
3952:
3931:
3912:
3896:
3883:
3874:
3865:
3854:
3845:
3809:
3800:
3550:. University of Illinois Press.
3506:. University of Illinois Press.
3434:. University of Illinois Press.
3374:
3250:Van Wagoner, Richard S. (1989).
3155:. University of Illinois Press.
2692:Van Wagoner, Richard S. (1989).
2330:on June 7th, 2011. Reprinted in
1633:University of Chicago Law School
1606:In her 1945 biography of Smith,
1585:Mormon leader and law professor
1538:
1371:The owners of the press obtained
942:
933:
582:
573:
442:leaders was incarcerated in the
233:
163:
61:
20:
4435:Mormonism-related controversies
3745:
3734:
3723:
3714:
3691:
3664:. Utah State University Press.
3651:
3640:
3626:. University of Chicago Press.
3613:
3564:
3520:
3469:
3448:
3421:
3394:
3368:
3348:Roberts, B. H. (May 15, 2018).
3341:
3320:
3314:"Full text of Nauvoo Expositor"
3270:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3211:. Utah State University Press.
3198:
3169:
3142:
3113:
3099:
3084:
3075:
3049:
3034:
2931:"Foster, Robert D. – Biography"
2923:
2914:
2905:
2888:
2879:
2854:
2824:
2815:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2758:
2739:
2712:
2685:
2641:
2614:
2593:
2534:
2515:
2502:
2487:
2476:
2466:
2452:
2434:
2420:
2387:
2365:
2344:
2239:
2220:
2211:
2196:
2180:
2158:
2053:
2028:
1733:April 28 - New church organized
1529:
1472:
600:secretly marrying his followers
72:needs additional citations for
39:or discuss these issues on the
4445:Newspapers established in 1844
2963:Doctrine and Covenants Central
2400:Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith
1949:Dr. Quinn, D. Michael (1992).
1635:, published an article in the
1564:and remove irrelevant content.
1127:Joseph Smith, Samuel Bennett,
1:
3893:(New York: Doubleday) p. 194.
1961:. p. 141. Archived from
1953:. In Smith, George D. (ed.).
1787:
1751:June 10 - Expositor destroyed
1662:Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
1562:relocate relevant information
1437:
1177:s destruction. City Marshall
892:
453:
257:secondary or tertiary sources
4193:Oaks, Dallin (Winter 1965).
3992:Flanders, Robert B. (1965).
2405:University of Illinois Press
1748:June 7 - Expositor published
1557:on an aspect of the subject.
999:Joseph Smith (Mayor-General)
7:
4256:www.churchofjesuschrist.org
3351:The Rise and Fall of Nauvoo
1984:Taysom, Stephen C. (2010).
1695:
1434:was wounded in the attack.
843:
450:by a lynch mob on June 27.
448:Smith and Hyrum were killed
10:
4471:
3253:Mormon Polygamy: A History
3007:McCune, George M. (1991).
2898:Nauvoo Neighbor, 1843–1845
2695:Mormon Polygamy: A History
2060:McCune, George M. (1991).
2048:The Papers of Joseph Smith
1736:May 7 - Print shop set up
1476:
1441:
1394:
1223:
856:Prospectus from publishers
668:promulgation of polygamy.
562:
558:
490:driven from Jackson county
4363: : Facsimile of the
3961:journal, October 6, 1845.
3701:. Genealogy Gateway. 1995
3354:. BoD – Books on Demand.
2675:Young, Ann Eliza (1875).
2115:. Lulu.com. p. 288.
1236:Municipal Court of Nauvoo
1121:
1116:
1094:
1089:
985:
980:
970:
962:
927:
919:
913:Reception and destruction
4450:Works about Joseph Smith
2831:Cook, Lyndon W. (1994).
1875:Brodie, Fawn M. (1963).
1650:Brigham Young University
1238:to dismiss the charges.
172:This article includes a
4105:No Man Knows My History
3620:Anderson, Nels (1966).
2936:The Joseph Smith Papers
2601:"Mormon Church History"
2168:. Josephsmithpapers.org
2090:. josephsmithpapers.org
1878:No Man Knows My History
1609:No Man Knows My History
1397:Killing of Joseph Smith
873:Statement from seceders
672:Key Stone Store meeting
201:more precise citations.
4415:Criticism of Mormonism
4410:1844 disestablishments
4120:Bushman, Richard Lyman
4087:. Algora. p. 48.
3925:New-York Daily Tribune
2983:Doctrine and Covenants
2627:. Greg Kofford Books.
2384:
1881:. Knopf. p. 129.
1772:Ford departs Carthage
1596:
1591:Book of Mormon witness
1381:
1340:18 and called out the
1329:
1317:
1275:
865:
848:The only issue of the
823:
764:
689:
483:Independence, Missouri
466:
362:
244:relies excessively on
3976:History of the Church
3943:History of the Church
3889:Jon Krakauer (2003).
2957:Black, Susan Easton.
2567:, pp. 495–496);
2376:
1807:The Salt Lake Tribune
1584:
1361:
1327:
1320:Martial law in Nauvoo
1312:
1260:
905:, his wife Jane, and
863:
817:
762:
679:
501:Smith escaped custody
461:
421:declared the paper a
357:
4455:Freedom of the press
4400:1844 in Christianity
3720:Signal, June 20 1844
3130:on November 10, 2013
3063:on December 14, 2013
2895:John Taylor (1843).
2448:. November 12, 2014.
2407:, pp. 111–113,
2324:Saints Without Halos
1220:First arrest attempt
1145:Dimick B. Huntington
81:improve this article
4165:. December 21, 2023
3758:. Outskirts Press.
3600:"The Warsaw Signal"
3256:. Signature Books.
3186:on October 21, 2013
2748:, pp. 195–196)
2698:. Signature Books.
2583:, pp. 152–154)
2543:, pp. 340–341)
1823:Linder, Douglas O.
1551:a different subject
1007:Benjamin Warrington
920:Destruction of the
755:Expositor announced
718:King Follett sermon
692:In mid-March 1844,
492:. After losing the
419:Nauvoo City Council
4321:on March 11, 2013.
4252:"Nauvoo Expositor"
4101:The Book of Mormon
2959:"Robert D. Foster"
2395:Newell, Linda King
1957:. Salt Lake City:
1922:Zion in the courts
1654:Utah Supreme Court
1627:was promoted from
1597:
1589:, a descendant of
1330:
1066:Chauncey L. Higbee
866:
824:
765:
690:
533:Richmond, Missouri
467:
394:Smith, leader of
387:at the hands of a
363:
268:"Nauvoo Expositor"
174:list of references
96:"Nauvoo Expositor"
4094:978-0-87586-310-8
4067:978-0-679-73054-5
3765:978-1-4787-3700-1
3671:978-0-87421-186-3
3633:978-0-226-01782-2
3557:978-0-252-06980-2
3513:978-0-252-00762-0
3441:978-0-252-00762-0
3414:978-0-312-28043-7
3361:978-3-7326-7258-5
3278:"Nauvoo Neighbor"
3263:978-0-941214-79-7
3162:978-0-252-06494-4
2844:978-0-910523-01-1
2766:"Nauvoo Neighbor"
2705:978-0-941214-79-7
2634:978-1-58958-723-6
2571:, pp. 92–93)
2524:, pp. 94–101
2414:978-0-252-06291-9
2362:, p. 324–25.
2188:Historical Record
1999:978-0-253-35540-9
1579:
1578:
1511:and 75–31 in the
1493:William N. Grover
1159:
1158:
1143:, Stephen Perry,
1133:William W. Phelps
1085:
1084:
1061:Francis M. Higbee
1010:Samuel C. Bennett
776:Francis M. Higbee
637:On June 1, 1843,
630:Other men's wives
525:Francis M. Higbee
417:. Smith and the
347:
346:
339:
329:
328:
321:
303:
227:
226:
219:
157:
156:
149:
131:
54:
4462:
4440:Nauvoo, Illinois
4405:1844 in Illinois
4385:Nauvoo Expositor
4360:Nauvoo Expositor
4352:Nauvoo Expositor
4345:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4323:
4322:
4317:. Archived from
4300:
4291:
4282:
4281:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4221:
4215:
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4212:
4210:
4190:
4184:
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4175:
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4170:
4155:
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4146:
4140:
4139:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4022:
4016:
4015:
3999:
3989:
3983:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3935:
3929:
3916:
3910:
3903:D. Michael Quinn
3900:
3894:
3887:
3881:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3843:
3840:
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3807:
3804:
3798:
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3779:
3770:
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3749:
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3738:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3718:
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3710:
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3695:
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3676:
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3655:
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3596:
3587:
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3562:
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3524:
3518:
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3497:
3488:
3487:
3485:
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3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3182:. Archived from
3173:
3167:
3166:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3126:. Archived from
3117:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3088:
3082:
3081:Nauvoo Expositor
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3059:. Archived from
3053:
3047:
3046:
3038:
3032:
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3024:
3004:
2989:
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2974:
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2689:
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2639:
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2618:
2612:
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2597:
2591:
2590:
2578:
2562:
2550:
2538:
2532:
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2519:
2513:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2491:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2391:
2385:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2326:, archived from
2316:
2310:
2309:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2200:
2194:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2057:
2051:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1916:
1905:
1902:Nauvoo Expositor
1893:
1887:
1886:
1872:
1855:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1689:disfellowshipped
1666:First Presidency
1574:
1571:
1565:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1463:Willard Richards
1412:
1404:
1386:
1374:
1358:
1354:
1339:
1298:
1277:On June 14, the
1270:
1250:13, citizens of
1249:
1244:
1233:
1215:
1202:Nauvoo Expositor
1199:
1187:Nauvoo Expositor
1107:Sylvester Emmons
1030:Sylvester Emmons
987:
986:
946:
937:
922:Nauvoo Expositor
917:
916:
850:Nauvoo Expositor
785:Nauvoo Expositor
727:Continued strife
659:Times and Season
586:
577:
519:First Presidency
515:Church of Christ
407:Nauvoo Expositor
377:Nauvoo, Illinois
368:Nauvoo Expositor
360:Nauvoo Expositor
342:
335:
324:
317:
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261:
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197:this article by
188:inline citations
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3918:William Smith,
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3375:Linn, William.
3373:
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3105:
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3089:
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3076:
3066:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3039:
3035:
3021:
3005:
2992:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2864:
2860:Bushman p.533-4
2859:
2855:
2845:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:Bushman, p. 530
2788:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2722:
2718:Bushman, p. 527
2717:
2713:
2706:
2690:
2686:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2657:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2572:
2556:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2509:William Clayton
2507:
2503:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2467:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2403:(2d ed.),
2392:
2388:
2370:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2334:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2201:
2197:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2058:
2054:
2050:Vol. 2, p. 565.
2044:Jessee, Dean C.
2042:
2038:
2034:Bushman, p. 412
2033:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2000:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1965:on May 27, 2010
1959:Signature Books
1947:
1940:
1933:
1917:
1908:
1894:
1890:
1873:
1858:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1821:
1814:
1803:
1794:
1790:
1698:
1679:Grant H. Palmer
1637:Utah Law Review
1618:Richard Bushman
1575:
1569:
1566:
1559:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1505:
1481:
1475:
1457:on orders from
1450:Samuel H. Smith
1446:
1440:
1410:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1356:
1352:
1337:
1332:Smith declared
1322:
1296:
1272:
1268:
1247:
1242:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1213:
1197:
1190:
1168:
1149:Porter Rockwell
1112:
1111:
1103:
1081:
1080:
1035:
1034:
976:
958:
951:
950:
949:
948:
947:
939:
938:
915:
895:
883:plural marriage
875:
858:
846:
812:
794:On May 15, the
757:
737:Nauvoo Neighbor
729:
711:
674:
632:
619:John C. Bennett
596:
595:
594:
593:
589:
588:
587:
579:
578:
567:
561:
549:John C. Bennett
537:John C. Bennett
529:1838 Mormon War
494:1838 Mormon War
456:
423:public nuisance
350:
343:
332:
331:
330:
325:
314:
308:
305:
262:
260:
254:
250:primary sources
238:
223:
212:
206:
203:
192:
178:related reading
168:
164:
153:
142:
136:
133:
90:
88:
78:
66:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4468:
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4457:
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4412:
4407:
4402:
4388:
4387:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4356:
4347:
4346:
4330:
4329:External links
4327:
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4243:
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4185:
4176:
4150:
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4017:
4011:978-0252005619
4010:
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3141:
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2904:
2887:
2885:Bushman, p.531
2878:
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2814:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2757:
2738:
2720:
2711:
2704:
2684:
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2640:
2633:
2613:
2592:
2555:, p. 119)
2533:
2514:
2501:
2486:
2475:
2465:
2451:
2433:
2419:
2413:
2386:
2364:
2352:
2350:Bushman, p.179
2343:
2311:
2293:
2283:Marquardt 1999
2275:
2257:
2238:
2219:
2210:
2195:
2179:
2157:
2135:
2121:
2109:Bennett, J.C.
2101:
2079:
2072:
2052:
2036:
2027:
2013:
1998:
1976:
1938:
1931:
1906:
1888:
1856:
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1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1694:
1625:Dallin H. Oaks
1577:
1576:
1549:may relate to
1546:
1544:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1504:
1501:
1497:Jacob C. Davis
1477:Main article:
1474:
1471:
1442:Main article:
1439:
1436:
1395:Main article:
1392:
1389:
1321:
1318:
1252:Hancock County
1221:
1218:
1189:
1183:
1179:John P. Greene
1157:
1156:
1141:John P. Greene
1125:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1104:
1099:John P. Greene
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:Charles Foster
1073:
1068:
1063:
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1038:
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924:
914:
911:
894:
891:
874:
871:
857:
854:
845:
842:
811:
808:
806:for apostasy.
756:
753:
728:
725:
710:
707:
694:Joseph Jackson
673:
670:
631:
628:
612:Oliver Cowdery
591:
590:
581:
580:
572:
571:
570:
569:
568:
560:
557:
479:Kirtland, Ohio
471:Book of Mormon
455:
452:
348:
345:
344:
327:
326:
241:
239:
232:
225:
224:
182:external links
171:
169:
162:
155:
154:
137:September 2012
70:This template
69:
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29:
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4135:1-4000-4270-4
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3977:
3972:
3971:B. H. Roberts
3967:
3960:
3955:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3938:B. H. Roberts
3934:
3928:, 1857-05-28.
3927:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3892:
3886:
3877:
3868:
3862:
3857:
3848:
3839:
3830:
3821:
3812:
3806:Brodie, p.392
3803:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3767:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3748:
3742:
3737:
3731:
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3648:
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3494:
3478:
3472:
3457:
3451:
3443:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3410:
3407:. Macmillan.
3406:
3405:
3397:
3382:
3378:
3371:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3344:
3329:
3323:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3279:
3273:
3265:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3246:
3237:
3231:Bushman p.538
3228:
3220:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3201:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3145:
3129:
3125:
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3108:
3102:
3094:
3087:
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3037:
3029:
3022:
3020:9780890365182
3016:
3012:
3011:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2917:
2911:Bushman p.531
2908:
2900:
2899:
2891:
2882:
2876:Bushman p.537
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2857:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2827:
2818:
2810:
2804:
2798:Bushman p.531
2795:
2786:
2767:
2761:
2753:
2747:
2742:
2736:Brodie, p.371
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2715:
2707:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2671:
2665:Brodie, p.369
2662:
2660:
2651:
2644:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2617:
2602:
2596:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2566:
2565:Bushman (2005
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2537:
2529:
2523:
2518:
2510:
2505:
2497:
2490:
2484:
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2329:
2325:
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2315:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2247:
2242:
2234:
2229:, p. 184
2228:
2223:
2214:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2167:
2161:
2145:
2139:
2124:
2122:9781435751835
2118:
2114:
2113:
2105:
2089:
2083:
2075:
2073:9780890365182
2069:
2065:
2064:
2056:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2031:
2023:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1934:
1932:0-252-06980-3
1928:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1853:
1852:
1846:
1830:
1829:Famous Trials
1826:
1819:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:Warsaw Signal
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1614:his 2005 book
1611:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1595:
1594:Martin Harris
1592:
1588:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1547:This article
1545:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1520:Mormon Exodus
1516:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:Levi Williams
1480:
1470:
1468:
1467:William Smith
1464:
1460:
1459:Brigham Young
1456:
1451:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1416:Carthage Jail
1407:
1398:
1388:
1380:
1360:
1349:
1347:
1346:Warsaw Signal
1343:
1342:Nauvoo Legion
1335:
1326:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:Warsaw Signal
1284:
1280:
1274:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1239:
1237:
1227:
1217:
1211:
1210:Warsaw Signal
1207:
1203:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1154:
1153:Levi Richards
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1071:Robert Foster
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:Charles Ivins
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
994:
989:
988:
984:
979:
973:
969:
966:June 10, 1844
965:
961:
956:
945:
936:
926:
923:
918:
910:
908:
907:Austin Cowles
904:
900:
890:
886:
884:
878:
870:
862:
853:
851:
841:
839:
834:
828:
821:
816:
807:
805:
804:Austin Cowles
801:
800:Charles Ivins
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
777:
772:
770:
769:Charles Ivins
761:
752:
750:
746:
740:
739:on April 17.
738:
733:
724:
721:
719:
714:
706:
702:
698:
695:
687:
683:
678:
669:
665:
662:
660:
655:
650:
648:
645:read Smith's
644:
640:
639:Austin Cowles
635:
627:
623:
620:
615:
613:
608:
603:
601:
585:
576:
566:
556:
554:
553:Nauvoo Legion
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
486:
484:
481:and later in
480:
476:
472:
464:
463:Daguerreotype
460:
451:
449:
445:
444:Carthage Jail
439:
436:
435:Nauvoo Legion
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:
361:
356:
352:
341:
338:
323:
320:
312:
301:
298:
294:
291:
287:
284:
280:
277:
273:
270: –
269:
265:
264:Find sources:
258:
252:
251:
247:
242:This article
240:
236:
231:
230:
221:
218:
210:
200:
196:
190:
189:
183:
179:
175:
170:
161:
160:
151:
148:
140:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98: –
97:
93:
92:Find sources:
86:
82:
76:
75:
68:
64:
59:
58:
53:
51:
44:
43:
38:
37:
32:
27:
18:
17:
4384:
4364:
4359:
4354:(wikisource)
4351:
4319:the original
4309:(2): 43–51.
4306:
4302:
4277:
4271:
4259:. Retrieved
4255:
4246:
4226:
4219:
4209:December 12,
4207:. Retrieved
4205:(4): 862–903
4202:
4198:
4188:
4179:
4167:. Retrieved
4163:Deseret News
4162:
4153:
4144:
4124:
4114:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4083:
4076:
4056:
4049:
4040:
4034:
4026:"Title Page"
4020:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3974:
3966:
3954:
3946:
3941:
3933:
3923:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3885:
3876:
3867:
3856:
3847:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3811:
3802:
3790:. Retrieved
3786:
3754:
3747:
3736:
3725:
3716:
3711:Paragraph 6.
3703:. Retrieved
3693:
3684:
3680:
3660:
3653:
3642:
3622:
3615:
3603:. Retrieved
3579:. Retrieved
3575:
3566:
3546:
3522:
3502:
3480:. Retrieved
3471:
3459:. Retrieved
3450:
3430:
3423:
3403:
3396:
3384:. Retrieved
3380:
3370:
3350:
3343:
3331:. Retrieved
3322:
3285:. Retrieved
3272:
3252:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3207:
3200:
3188:. Retrieved
3184:the original
3178:
3171:
3151:
3144:
3132:. Retrieved
3128:the original
3122:
3115:
3101:
3086:
3077:
3067:December 14,
3065:. Retrieved
3061:the original
3051:
3036:
3009:
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2962:
2952:
2940:. Retrieved
2934:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2897:
2890:
2881:
2856:
2848:
2833:
2826:
2817:
2803:
2794:
2785:
2773:. Retrieved
2760:
2741:
2714:
2694:
2687:
2677:
2670:
2643:
2623:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2595:
2569:Ulrich (2017
2541:Brodie (1971
2536:
2517:
2504:
2489:
2478:
2468:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2422:
2399:
2389:
2377:
2367:
2360:Bushman 2005
2355:
2346:
2328:the original
2319:
2314:
2296:
2278:
2260:
2248:, p. 91
2241:
2222:
2213:
2198:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
2111:
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2082:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2030:
2016:
1989:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1963:the original
1954:
1921:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1882:
1877:
1850:
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1828:
1805:
1743:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1664:and, later,
1645:
1640:
1636:
1622:
1616:, historian
1607:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1567:
1560:Please help
1555:undue weight
1548:
1530:Mormon views
1524:Mormon Trail
1517:
1506:
1489:Mark Aldrich
1482:
1473:Murder trial
1447:
1424:
1420:
1408:
1400:
1382:
1362:
1350:
1345:
1331:
1313:
1300:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1240:
1229:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1105:
1097:
1090:Lead figures
1039:
993:City Council
991:
954:
921:
898:
896:
887:
879:
876:
867:
849:
847:
838:Joseph Smith
833:high council
829:
825:
819:
795:
793:
788:
784:
780:
773:
766:
749:High Council
741:
736:
734:
730:
722:
715:
712:
703:
699:
691:
685:
682:high council
666:
663:
658:
651:
636:
633:
624:
616:
604:
597:
523:
509:
498:
487:
468:
440:
406:
404:
393:
381:Joseph Smith
367:
366:
364:
359:
351:
333:
315:
306:
296:
289:
282:
275:
263:
243:
213:
204:
193:Please help
185:
143:
134:
124:
117:
110:
103:
91:
79:Please help
74:verification
71:
47:
40:
34:
33:Please help
30:
4103:, entitled
3959:Hosea Stout
2678:Wife no. 19
2380:Fanny Alger
2301:Tanner 1987
2265:Foster 1981
2246:Tanner 1987
2227:Brodie 1971
2186:Jenson, A.
1587:Dallin Oaks
1570:August 2024
1455:Hosea Stout
1432:John Taylor
1334:martial law
1310:, writing:
1308:Thomas Ford
1206:Quincy Whig
1137:Hyrum Smith
1129:John Taylor
1101:(Marshall)
1046:William Law
1019:John Taylor
1014:Elias Smith
1003:Hyrum Smith
903:William Law
654:polyandrous
643:Hyrum Smith
545:Orson Pratt
511:William Law
477:, first in
431:martial law
309:August 2024
207:August 2010
199:introducing
4394:Categories
4261:August 11,
4237:0941214346
4169:August 11,
3792:January 3,
3787:Chapter 30
3605:January 3,
3581:January 3,
3576:Chapter 22
3482:January 3,
3461:January 3,
3386:January 3,
3381:Chapter 12
3333:January 3,
3287:October 5,
3283:. Boap.org
3218:0874216087
3190:January 3,
3134:January 3,
2942:October 5,
2775:October 5,
2771:. Boap.org
2746:Park (2020
2606:January 3,
2581:Park (2020
2553:Hill (1989
2522:Smith 1995
2172:October 5,
2150:October 3,
2128:October 3,
2094:October 3,
2008:2010012634
1835:January 3,
1788:References
1641:Expositor'
1438:Succession
1367:violence.
1224:See also:
1175:Expositor'
1117:Casualties
1051:Wilson Law
1040:Publishers
893:Affidavits
774:On May 1,
647:revelation
607:Ezra Booth
563:See also:
454:Background
279:newspapers
246:references
107:newspapers
36:improve it
4365:Expositor
3028:help page
2821:Expositor
2332:Howe 1834
2320:Ohio Star
2193:: 233–34.
2046:, editor
1769:June 27:
1687:; He was
1673:Expositor
1646:Expositor
1623:In 1963,
1601:Expositor
1301:Expositor
1256:Expositor
1194:Expositor
1171:Expositor
1163:Expositor
1109:(Editor)
955:Expositor
899:Expositor
820:Expositor
789:Expositor
686:Expositor
389:lynch mob
373:newspaper
42:talk page
4315:43201313
4122:(2005).
3949::457–59.
3905:(1994).
3705:June 15,
2397:(1994),
1969:June 15,
1696:Timeline
1658:"called"
1522:via the
1305:Governor
1023:Jonhnson
971:Location
844:Contents
745:apostasy
411:polygamy
4383:on the
3973:(ed.),
3940:(ed.),
2986:124:115
2968:July 8,
2446:Reuters
1884:county.
1553:or has
1401:On June
1351:On June
1336:on June
1295:On June
1241:On June
1123:Charged
981:Parties
559:Origins
551:of the
427:marshal
293:scholar
195:improve
121:scholar
4313:
4234:
4132:
4091:
4064:
4008:
3762:
3668:
3630:
3554:
3510:
3438:
3411:
3358:
3260:
3215:
3159:
3017:
2841:
2702:
2631:
2411:
2373:Warren
2119:
2070:
2006:
1996:
1929:
1509:Senate
1411:
1403:
1385:
1373:
1357:
1353:
1338:
1297:
1283:Signal
1279:Signal
1269:
1248:
1243:
1232:
1214:
1198:
1151:, and
1026:Hunter
975:Nauvoo
802:, and
796:Signal
787:. The
781:Signal
541:Nauvoo
505:Nauvoo
499:After
475:'Zion'
371:was a
295:
288:
281:
274:
266:
123:
116:
109:
102:
94:
4311:JSTOR
4299:(PDF)
3982::483.
3281:(PDF)
2769:(PDF)
1629:stake
1513:House
1267:writ;
300:JSTOR
286:books
180:, or
128:JSTOR
114:books
4263:2024
4232:ISBN
4211:2014
4171:2024
4130:ISBN
4089:ISBN
4062:ISBN
4006:ISBN
3794:2014
3760:ISBN
3707:2009
3666:ISBN
3628:ISBN
3607:2014
3583:2014
3552:ISBN
3508:ISBN
3484:2014
3463:2014
3436:ISBN
3409:ISBN
3388:2014
3356:ISBN
3335:2014
3289:2013
3258:ISBN
3213:ISBN
3192:2014
3157:ISBN
3136:2014
3069:2013
3015:ISBN
2970:2021
2944:2013
2839:ISBN
2777:2013
2752:help
2700:ISBN
2629:ISBN
2608:2014
2587:help
2575:help
2559:help
2547:help
2528:help
2409:ISBN
2337:help
2306:help
2288:help
2270:help
2252:help
2233:help
2174:2013
2152:2014
2130:2014
2117:ISBN
2096:2014
2068:ISBN
2004:LCCN
1994:ISBN
1971:2009
1927:ISBN
1837:2014
1719:1844
1701:1843
1461:and
1377:...
1369:...
1208:and
963:Date
897:The
405:The
365:The
358:The
272:news
100:news
4002:324
1418:.
1364:it.
1303:to
375:in
248:to
83:by
4396::
4307:32
4305:.
4301:.
4286:^
4254:.
4201:.
4197:.
4161:.
4097:.
4004:.
3922:,
3785:.
3774:^
3591:^
3574:.
3536:^
3492:^
3379:.
3297:^
3030:).
2993:^
2961:.
2933:.
2865:^
2847:.
2723:^
2658:^
2579:;
2563:;
2551:;
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