2890:
41:
832:. The deportation orders required that enough Polish people be removed to provide space for every settler, e.g. if twenty Nazi, German bakers were sent, twenty Polish bakers were removed. The settlers were often given Polish homes where the families had been evicted so quickly that half-eaten meals remained on the tables and small children had been taken from unmade beds. Members of the
794:
Families were transported by sea from the Baltic States and by train from other territories. The German government arranged for the transfer of their furniture and personal belongings. All immovable property was sold, with the money being collected by the Nazis and not given back to the families.
863:, all of which traditionally had large ethnic German minorities. However, the majority of the Baltic Germans had already been resettled in late 1939, prior to the occupation of Estonia and Latvia by the Soviets in June 1940. In most cases, they were given farms taken from 110,000
774:
by the Nazis), from the Baltic States by the use of propaganda. This included using scare tactics about the Soviet Union and led to tens of thousands of
Soviets leaving. Those who left were not referred to as refugees, but were rather described as
1553:
748:
Hitler's plan was to invade western Poland (having assigned the eastern part to the Soviet Union in the pact) and then force all non-German people (mostly Polish citizens) out of their homes and either use them for
734:. Hitler's aim was to avoid having to fight on two fronts upon the invasion of Poland and best facilitate its successful capture by partition, a crucial matter in the first weeks of the Second World War.
128:
679:
Notwithstanding, Hitler had a plan to attract these German-speaking people into Nazi
Germany. However, he also believed that the 1937 borders and territories of Nazi Germany, i.e. before the
814:, the best classification, to be settled in the 'Eastern Wall'—the occupied regions to protect Germans from the East—and allowed independence. This last group, after spending some time in
2345:
840:
were assigned the task of overseeing these evictions to ensure that the Polish left behind most of their belongings for the use of the settlers. Once they were settled, the process of
3186:
802:
The transported ethnic
Germans were initially kept in camps for racial evaluation, to prevent intermixing with the native German population. There they were divided into groups: A,
596:
1832:
436:
1516:
61:
3191:
1684:
1649:
1645:
2858:
2205:
289:
157:
2446:
2404:
1847:
1583:
1522:
757:
area. Once these territories were free of non-Germans, the population transfers could begin with ethnic
Germans settling in the homes of the expropriated Polish.
451:
2585:
326:
141:
3081:
2848:
589:
446:
441:
676: – had lived outside of Germany for centuries. These emigrants had settled in the lands east of Germany between the 12th and 18th centuries.
3211:
3030:
2032:
162:
2926:
3201:
3112:
2863:
2843:
2317:
549:
3045:
2982:
2935:
2853:
1937:
942:
102:
710:
With the largest number of ethnic
Germans living in Russia, Hitler knew that he could not resettle all these people without the full cooperation of
2999:
582:
2868:
2425:
1372:
321:
31:
17:
534:
204:
3040:
2838:
1902:
1763:
539:
524:
221:
2966:
2328:
1608:
1604:
3164:
1960:
1563:
529:
424:
414:
76:
48:
3196:
2386:
2210:
377:
3035:
1970:
1942:
1409:
40:
2992:
2615:
2272:
1912:
1578:
387:
279:
123:
2919:
2185:
2134:
1496:
229:
2363:
2230:
1842:
1768:
1679:
1573:
294:
256:
429:
299:
1674:
1669:
1613:
905:
819:
2380:
2124:
2042:
1907:
1726:
409:
1815:
3206:
3094:
2912:
2527:
2200:
2165:
2107:
404:
197:
2565:
2296:
1465:
1397:
1296:
1241:
795:
This was an intentional act designed to disconnect the displaced people from their former homeland. The value of the
632:
355:
304:
2570:
2087:
1568:
338:
309:
3071:
2590:
2077:
2072:
2052:
2000:
1716:
392:
3086:
3104:
2635:
2539:
2180:
2047:
314:
251:
2160:
2057:
1449:"Izceļojušo vācu tautības pilsoņu saraksts" : "The list of resettled citizens of German ethnicity". 1940
509:
397:
360:
190:
3133:
3014:
3009:
2815:
2580:
2242:
2092:
2005:
1731:
1721:
1694:
974:
419:
372:
2987:
2262:
1917:
1689:
1664:
1640:
1548:
1489:
765:
The planned transfers were first announced to the ethnic
Germans and the general public in October 1939.
731:
343:
2875:
2605:
2595:
2560:
2097:
1753:
367:
284:
107:
1369:
806:, who were to be settled in Germany and allowed no farms or businesses (to allow for closer watch), S
3066:
1699:
1460:(in Polish). Scientific Editor Andrzej Koryna. Warszawa: Instytut Historii PAN; Fundacja Pogranicze.
1206:
Source: Dr. Gerhard
Reichling, Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen, Teil 1, Bonn 1995, Pages 23–27
2600:
2436:
2352:
2289:
2082:
1965:
1922:
1882:
1344:
2810:
2414:
2303:
2170:
2037:
2893:
2802:
1897:
1783:
1482:
837:
723:
719:
559:
3144:
2789:
2334:
2323:
2257:
1837:
1558:
781:
569:
136:
3128:
2904:
2741:
2669:
2610:
2521:
2476:
2153:
1654:
1635:
1151:
1119:
745:
and the reciprocal transfer of ethnic German and
Russian people to their native countries.
742:
738:
350:
331:
1413:
8:
2949:
2749:
2733:
2717:
2486:
2441:
2409:
2195:
1788:
1778:
1709:
667:
614:
382:
847:
Ethnic
Germans were evacuated from territories occupied by the Soviets in 1940, notably
3061:
2773:
2701:
2693:
2652:
2625:
2620:
2357:
2310:
2102:
1995:
1887:
1746:
1214:
910:
823:
754:
564:
1453:
1209:
Reichling's figures do not include parts of the more than 200,000 ethnic
Germans from
2961:
2955:
2820:
2451:
2252:
2175:
1892:
1736:
1659:
1630:
1461:
1393:
1292:
1237:
787:
499:
86:
2067:
730:
to arrange a pact of non-aggression with the Soviet Union. This became known as the
2765:
2757:
2575:
2533:
2507:
2396:
2267:
2247:
2220:
1980:
1741:
489:
469:
799:
left behind was to be compensated in cash and Polish property in occupied Poland.
2709:
2501:
2419:
2215:
2144:
1975:
1820:
1810:
1599:
1376:
828:
494:
479:
3138:
2833:
2825:
2630:
2555:
2471:
2431:
1990:
1985:
1927:
1147:
1115:
932:
663:
659:
658:
There were millions of ethnic Germans living outside German borders, mostly in
627:
484:
246:
779:. To encourage support of this program, later German propaganda films such as
3180:
2725:
2685:
2481:
2374:
2369:
2225:
2148:
2114:
1877:
1872:
1758:
1505:
1003:
864:
852:
841:
815:
770:
750:
711:
672:
178:
655:'s expansion, most German speakers in Europe were brought under one regime.
2781:
2677:
2496:
2237:
2022:
1932:
1793:
1284:
1031:
833:
652:
640:
636:
625:
that took place from 1939 to 1941. These transfers were part of the German
2514:
2340:
2027:
916:
796:
714:
and the Soviet Union. In late August 1939 (a week before the invasion of
690:
791:
depicted the ethnic Germans as deeply persecuted in their native lands.
768:
The Nazis set out to encourage the return of the ethnic Germans (called
3150:
3099:
3076:
2491:
2139:
1825:
1704:
1210:
1087:
848:
698:
622:
2119:
2010:
1867:
1805:
681:
741:
of territories in Central and Eastern Europe into German and Soviet
693:, were inadequate to accommodate this large increase in population.
2062:
1773:
970:
1798:
1623:
1618:
1059:
927:
856:
686:
618:
1474:
1436:
European Population Transfers, 1939–1945 by Joseph B. Schechtman
922:
860:
727:
715:
1213:
who fled in the autumn of 1944 and who were directed into the
2017:
519:
261:
2934:
1517:
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1452:
1444:
Verzeichnis der aus Estland nach Deutschland Umgesiedelten
3187:
Forced migration in the Soviet Union during World War II
1554:
Russian Revolution, Russian Civil War, Polish–Soviet War
1523:
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
670:. The migrated Germans – referred to as
2586:
List of awards and honours bestowed upon Joseph Stalin
3082:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
810:, who were used as forced, and unpaid workers, and O
2033:
Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization
1234:
Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web
1217:. It is not known how many actually arrived there.
2318:Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia
871:Ethnic Germans Resettled by Nazi Germany 1939–1944
943:Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
760:
737:The real issues agreed upon in the pact were the
3178:
1390:The Social History of the Third Reich, 1933-1945
2426:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
3113:German–Soviet military parade in Brest-Litovsk
2920:
2001:Demolition of Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
1903:Aggravation of class struggle under socialism
1764:Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
1490:
1262:
1260:
1258:
590:
198:
1961:1906 Bolshevik raid on the Tsarevich Giorgi
1458:Kraje bałtyckie w latach przełomu 1934–1944
32:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
3192:Germany–Soviet Union relations (1918–1941)
2927:
2913:
2387:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
1497:
1483:
1255:
597:
583:
205:
191:
3202:Ethnic cleansing of Poles by Nazi Germany
1971:National delimitation in the Soviet Union
1943:Backwardness brings on beatings by others
2936:Nazi German–Soviet relations before 1941
1913:Great Construction Projects of Communism
1440:Eestist saksamaale ümberasunute nimestik
3212:Germany–Soviet Union military relations
2329:Alleged 19 August 1939 speech
1362:
818:in Germany, were eventually brought to
77:1944–50 flight and expulsion of Germans
27:Mass population transfers, 1939 to 1941
14:
3179:
3046:Border and Commercial Agreement (1941)
2364:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
49:Flight and expulsion of Germans during
2908:
1478:
1370:Rulers of the World: The Hitler Youth
2447:22nd Congress of the Communist Party
2405:20th Congress of the Communist Party
1848:19th Congress of the Communist Party
1685:18th Congress of the Communist Party
1650:17th Congress of the Communist Party
1345:When We Finish, Nobody Is Left Alive
906:Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany
820:Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany
722:), Hitler sent his foreign minister
666:, with the majority of people being
2967:German occupation of Czechoslovakia
2381:Marxism and Problems of Linguistics
1605:Anti-religious campaign (1921–1928)
452:Between Poland and Soviet Lithuania
24:
3095:Soviet offensive plans controversy
2528:Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism
2347:The History of the Communist Party
2166:Soviet offensive plans controversy
2131:Ideological repression in science
1675:1937 Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang
696:At this time, propaganda for more
611:German–Soviet population transfers
475:German–Soviet population transfers
82:German–Soviet population transfers
25:
3223:
3197:Ethnic groups in the Soviet Union
2566:Generalissimo of the Soviet Union
2297:Marxism and the National Question
1504:
867:who were expelled from the area.
447:Between Poland and Soviet Belarus
442:Between Poland and Soviet Ukraine
131:(incl. former German territories)
2889:
2888:
2206:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1670:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
777:answering the call of the Führer
621:, ethnic Poles, and some ethnic
290:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
39:
3072:Occupation of the Baltic states
2591:Statue of Joseph Stalin, Berlin
1727:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
1717:Occupation of the Baltic states
1402:
1382:
1353:
1337:
18:Nazi-Soviet population exchange
3000:Boundary and Friendship Treaty
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1278:
1269:
1246:
1226:
761:Population transfers 1939–1944
705:
702:, or living space, grew fast.
631:policy in accordance with the
158:Refugees in Schleswig-Holstein
13:
1:
2432:Gomulka thaw (Polish October)
2243:1946–1947 Soviet famine
1816:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
1446:, Oskar Angelus, Tallinn 1939
1220:
878:Ethnic Germans Resettled from
646:
633:German–Soviet Frontier Treaty
550:Massive labor force transfers
116:Post-war flight and expulsion
95:Wartime flight and evacuation
2581:1956 Georgian demonstrations
1456:; Bronius Makauskas (2005).
1412:. 2007-01-07. Archived from
1410:"Serwis WWW Miasta Zamoscia"
7:
3041:Commercial Agreement (1940)
3036:Commercial Agreement (1939)
2596:Stalin Monument in Budapest
2263:Night of the Murdered Poets
2181:Allegations of antisemitism
1918:Engineers of the human soul
1665:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
1641:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
10:
3228:
2636:Stalin Bloc – For the USSR
2606:Joseph Stalin Museum, Gori
1754:Soviet atomic bomb project
1430:
230:Forced population transfer
29:
3207:German diaspora in Europe
3159:
3121:
3067:Soviet invasion of Poland
3054:
3023:
2975:
2942:
2884:
2801:
2662:
2644:
2616:Places named after Stalin
2601:Stalin Monument in Prague
2548:
2460:
2395:
2281:
2125:Repressions in Azerbaijan
1951:
1860:
1843:1950 legislative election
1769:1946 legislative election
1680:1937 legislative election
1592:
1541:
1532:
1512:
280:Azerbaijanis from Armenia
3015:Gestapo–NKVD conferences
2437:Soviet Nonconformist Art
2353:1936 Soviet Constitution
2006:Soviet famine of 1932–33
1966:1907 Tiflis bank robbery
1938:Transformation of nature
1923:1936 Soviet Constitution
1883:Socialism in One Country
1722:German–Soviet Axis talks
388:Kurds from Transcaucasia
3108:Northern Sea Route Raid
2988:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
2561:Iosif Stalin locomotive
2304:Foundations of Leninism
2290:Anarchism or Socialism?
2171:Hitler Youth Conspiracy
2038:NKVD prisoner massacres
1690:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
1579:Death and state funeral
1368:Walter S. Zapotoczny, "
732:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
560:Twenty-five-thousanders
2769:(second father-in-law)
2023:Murder of Sergey Kirov
1898:Stalinist architecture
1784:Turkish Straits crisis
838:League of German Girls
724:Joachim von Ribbentrop
720:World War II in Europe
437:Polish and Soviet Jews
163:Emigration from Poland
3145:Falsifiers of History
2983:Relations before 1941
2790:William Wesley Peters
2335:Falsifiers of History
2258:Rootless cosmopolitan
1564:Rule as Soviet leader
1343:Michael Sontheimer, "
570:Virgin Lands campaign
62:demographic estimates
3129:Operation Barbarossa
3005:Population transfers
2811:Stalin's house, Gori
2742:Yevgeny Dzhugashvili
2670:Besarion Jughashvili
2611:Batumi Stalin Museum
2522:Nineteen Eighty-Four
2273:Censorship of images
1952:Crimes, repressions,
1655:1931 Menshevik Trial
1636:First five-year plan
1275:Nicholas, pp. 207-9.
826:, as decided by the
753:or move them to the
743:spheres of influence
615:population transfers
2950:Anti-Comintern Pact
2803:Stalin's residences
2750:Galina Dzhugashvili
2734:Svetlana Alliluyeva
2718:Nadezhda Alliluyeva
2645:Cultural depictions
2487:Anti-Stalinist left
2442:Shvernik Commission
2410:Pospelov Commission
2186:Population transfer
2161:1941 Red Army purge
2135:Suppressed research
1789:First Indochina War
1732:Great Patriotic War
1710:Moscow Peace Treaty
1574:Cult of personality
1359:Nicholas, p. 213-4.
295:Chechens and Ingush
232:in the Soviet Union
3062:Invasion of Poland
3031:Economic relations
2774:Alexander Svanidze
2702:Konstantin Kuzakov
2694:Yakov Dzhugashvili
2653:Apocalypse: Stalin
2626:Stalin Peace Prize
2621:State Stalin Prize
2324:"Ten Blows" speech
2311:Dizzy with Success
2221:Operation "Priboi"
2201:Operation "Lentil"
2154:1937 Soviet Census
1833:Sino-Soviet Treaty
1747:Potsdam Conference
1700:Invasion of Poland
1388:Pierre Aycoberry,
1375:2010-06-19 at the
1307:Leiser, pp. 39-40.
1232:Lynn H. Nicholas,
1215:General Government
911:General Government
755:General Government
668:migrants in Russia
565:NKVD labor columns
520:POW Administration
257:Forced settlements
3174:
3173:
2962:Spanish Civil War
2956:Jewish Bolshevism
2902:
2901:
2859:Kholodnaya Rechka
2556:Iosif Stalin tank
2477:Lenin's Testament
2452:Era of Stagnation
2253:Mingrelian Affair
2231:Forced settlement
2216:Operation "North"
2176:Soviet war crimes
1954:and controversies
1893:Socialist realism
1856:
1855:
1838:Tito–Stalin split
1737:Tehran Conference
1660:Spanish Civil War
1631:Chinese Civil War
1334:Nicholas, p. 213.
1325:Nicholas, p. 205.
1316:Nicholas, p. 208.
1266:Nicholas, p. 206.
1252:Nicholas, p. 204.
1204:
1203:
788:Frisians in Peril
718:and the start of
607:
606:
500:Operation Vistula
215:
214:
103:German evacuation
87:Potsdam Agreement
16:(Redirected from
3219:
2943:Prior antagonism
2929:
2922:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2892:
2891:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2777:(brother-in-law)
2770:
2766:Sergei Alliluyev
2762:
2758:Joseph Alliluyev
2754:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2576:Pantheon, Moscow
2534:The Soviet Story
2508:Darkness at Noon
2397:De-Stalinization
2248:Leningrad Affair
1981:Decossackization
1779:1946 Iran crisis
1742:Yalta Conference
1614:Collectivization
1539:
1538:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1454:Łossowski, Piotr
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1406:
1400:
1386:
1380:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1230:
1152:Oder–Neisse Line
1120:Oder–Neisse Line
875:
874:
685:(annexation) of
599:
592:
585:
490:Operation Priboi
470:June deportation
410:Meskhetian Turks
217:
216:
207:
200:
193:
150:Later emigration
132:
54:
43:
36:
35:
21:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3155:
3117:
3050:
3019:
2971:
2938:
2933:
2903:
2898:
2880:
2876:Stalin's bunker
2826:Room at Kremlin
2816:Tiflis Seminary
2797:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2753:(granddaughter)
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2710:Artyom Sergeyev
2704:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2658:
2640:
2544:
2502:True Communists
2465:
2463:
2456:
2420:Khrushchev Thaw
2391:
2358:Stalin's poetry
2277:
2145:Japhetic theory
2083:Medvedev Forest
1976:Georgian Affair
1953:
1947:
1908:Five-year plans
1852:
1821:Berlin Blockade
1811:Greek Civil War
1600:August Uprising
1588:
1569:Political views
1534:
1528:
1508:
1503:
1468:
1433:
1428:
1419:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1387:
1383:
1377:Wayback Machine
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1231:
1227:
1223:
829:Generalplan Ost
763:
708:
651:As a result of
649:
603:
574:
544:
504:
495:Operation Vesna
480:Operation North
456:
266:
231:
211:
130:
52:
50:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3225:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3141:
3139:Katyń massacre
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:Naval cruiser
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2755:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2631:Stalin Society
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2571:Stalin statues
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2530:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:Stalin Epigram
2468:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2422:
2417:
2415:Rehabilitation
2412:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2343:
2338:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2193:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2142:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2035:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1991:Wittorf affair
1988:
1986:Dekulakization
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:New Soviet man
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1611:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1466:
1450:
1447:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1401:
1381:
1361:
1352:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1277:
1268:
1254:
1245:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1148:Reichsdeutsche
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1116:Reichsdeutsche
1112:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1000:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
967:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
939:
938:
935:
933:Czechoslovakia
930:
925:
920:
914:
908:
903:
900:
899:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
782:The Red Terror
762:
759:
707:
704:
664:Eastern Europe
648:
645:
628:Heim ins Reich
605:
604:
602:
601:
594:
587:
579:
576:
575:
573:
572:
567:
562:
556:
553:
552:
546:
545:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
516:
513:
512:
510:WWII POW labor
506:
505:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
485:Operation Osen
482:
477:
472:
466:
463:
462:
458:
457:
455:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
433:
432:
427:
422:
420:NKVD operation
412:
407:
402:
401:
400:
398:NKVD operation
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
364:
363:
361:NKVD operation
353:
348:
347:
346:
344:NKVD operation
336:
335:
334:
332:NKVD operation
329:
319:
318:
317:
315:NKVD operation
307:
305:Crimean Tatars
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
276:
273:
272:
268:
267:
265:
264:
259:
254:
249:
247:Dekulakization
243:
240:
239:
235:
234:
226:
225:
213:
212:
210:
209:
202:
195:
187:
184:
183:
182:
181:
173:
172:
168:
167:
166:
165:
160:
152:
151:
147:
146:
145:
144:
139:
134:
126:
124:Czechoslovakia
118:
117:
113:
112:
111:
110:
105:
97:
96:
92:
91:
90:
89:
84:
79:
71:
70:
66:
65:
57:
56:
45:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3224:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:Eastern Front
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2925:
2923:
2918:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2895:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2849:Semyonovskoye
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2756:
2751:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2726:Vasily Stalin
2724:
2721:(second wife)
2719:
2716:
2713:(adopted son)
2711:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2686:Kato Svanidze
2684:
2679:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2482:Ryutin Affair
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2462:Criticism and
2459:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:Order No. 270
2373:
2371:
2370:Order No. 227
2368:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:Doctors' plot
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2226:Nazino affair
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2190:German–Soviet
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:Slavists case
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2115:Moscow Trials
2113:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:Korenizatsiya
1876:
1874:
1873:Neo-Stalinism
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1759:Ili Rebellion
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:Joseph Stalin
1500:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1469:
1467:83-88909-42-8
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1416:on 2007-01-07
1415:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1398:1-56584-549-8
1395:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1356:
1350:
1347:" 05/27/2011
1346:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1298:
1297:0-02-570230-0
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1249:
1243:
1242:0-679-77663-X
1239:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1004:Baltic States
1002:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
972:
969:
968:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
876:
873:
872:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:Baltic States
850:
845:
843:
842:Germanization
839:
835:
831:
830:
825:
824:Zamość County
821:
817:
816:refugee camps
813:
809:
805:
800:
798:
792:
790:
789:
784:
783:
778:
773:
772:
771:Volksdeutsche
766:
758:
756:
752:
751:forced labour
746:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:Joseph Stalin
703:
701:
700:
694:
692:
688:
684:
683:
677:
675:
674:
673:Volksdeutsche
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:
624:
620:
616:
612:
600:
595:
593:
588:
586:
581:
580:
578:
577:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
555:
554:
551:
548:
547:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
515:
514:
511:
508:
507:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
465:
464:
460:
459:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
399:
396:
395:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
362:
359:
358:
357:
356:Ingrian Finns
354:
352:
349:
345:
342:
341:
340:
337:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
323:
320:
316:
313:
312:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
275:
274:
270:
269:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
242:
241:
237:
236:
233:
228:
227:
223:
219:
218:
208:
203:
201:
196:
194:
189:
188:
186:
185:
180:
179:Wolf children
177:
176:
175:
174:
170:
169:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
154:
153:
149:
148:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
127:
125:
122:
121:
120:
119:
115:
114:
109:
106:
104:
101:
100:
99:
98:
94:
93:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
74:
73:
72:
68:
67:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
42:
38:
37:
33:
19:
3163:
3143:
3105:
3088:
3004:
2993:negotiations
2793:(son-in-law)
2785:(son-in-law)
2782:Yuri Zhdanov
2689:(first wife)
2678:Keke Geladze
2651:
2540:Antisemitism
2532:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2497:Kremlin Plot
2424:
2362:
2346:
2333:
2238:Tax on trees
2196:Deportations
2189:
1933:Stakhanovite
1794:Eastern Bloc
1695:World War II
1648: /
1535:and politics
1457:
1443:
1439:
1418:. Retrieved
1414:the original
1404:
1389:
1384:
1364:
1355:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1288:
1285:Erwin Leiser
1280:
1271:
1248:
1233:
1228:
1208:
1205:
1150:east of the
1118:west of the
1032:Soviet Union
896:Resettled In
893:Resettled In
890:Resettled In
887:Resettled In
884:Resettled In
881:Resettled In
870:
869:
846:
834:Hitler Youth
827:
811:
807:
803:
801:
793:
786:
780:
776:
769:
767:
764:
747:
736:
709:
697:
695:
680:
678:
671:
657:
653:Nazi Germany
650:
641:Soviet Union
637:Nazi Germany
626:
610:
608:
474:
327:from Romania
171:Other themes
108:East Prussia
81:
53:World War II
2549:Remembrance
2515:Animal Farm
2341:Stalin Note
2028:Great Purge
1996:Great Break
1888:Great Break
1609:(1928–1941)
1525:(1946–1953)
1519:(1922–1952)
1289:Nazi Cinema
917:Oder-Neisse
844:was begun.
797:real estate
706:Legal basis
691:Sudetenland
405:Lithuanians
137:Netherlands
3181:Categories
3151:Baltic Way
3100:Basis Nord
3077:Winter War
3010:Axis talks
2864:Lake Ritsa
2844:Uspenskoye
2761:(grandson)
2745:(grandson)
2737:(daughter)
2492:Trotskyism
2464:opposition
2140:Lysenkoism
1826:Korean War
1705:Winter War
1593:Chronology
1584:Death toll
1549:Early life
1420:2021-07-14
1291:pp. 44-5.
1221:References
1211:Yugoslavia
1200:1,880,000
1088:Yugoslavia
849:Bessarabia
808:Sonderfall
699:Lebensraum
647:Conception
623:East Slavs
617:of ethnic
535:Hungarians
461:Operations
351:Harbinites
252:Evacuation
69:Background
51:and after
30:See also:
3122:Aftermath
2976:Political
2854:New Athos
2120:Hotel Lux
2103:Vinnytsia
2058:Chortkiv
2048:Berezwecz
2043:Berezhany
2011:Holodomor
1868:Stalinism
1806:Cominform
1542:Overviews
1392:, p 255,
977:in Poland
812:Ost-Fälle
739:partition
682:Anschluss
540:Romanians
430:1955–1959
425:1944–1946
373:Karachays
310:Estonians
3165:Category
3055:Military
3024:Economic
2894:Category
2834:Kuntsevo
2681:(mother)
2673:(father)
2108:Zolochiv
2093:Valozhyn
2063:Kurapaty
1861:Concepts
1774:Cold War
1442: :
1373:Archived
1174:410,000
1142:560,000
1082:212,000
1054:370,000
1026:127,000
965:124,000
851:and the
836:and the
804:Altreich
689:and the
639:and the
635:between
525:Japanese
393:Latvians
238:Policies
222:a series
220:Part of
2869:Sukhumi
2830:Dachas
2821:Kureika
2211:Koreans
2098:Vileyka
1799:Comecon
1624:Sovkhoz
1619:Kolkhoz
1533:History
1431:Sources
1349:Spiegel
1236:p. 194
1188:445,000
1185:745,000
1182:575,000
1159:380,000
1130:225,000
1127:290,000
1110:35,000
1064:128,000
1060:Romania
1036:265,000
998:42,000
928:Austria
913:/Poland
857:Estonia
822:and to
687:Austria
660:Central
619:Germans
530:Germans
378:Koreans
368:Kalmyks
322:Germans
300:Chinese
285:Balkars
271:Peoples
142:Romania
129:Poland
3089:Lützow
2663:Family
2088:Sambir
1464:
1396:
1295:
1240:
1197:60,000
1194:40,000
1191:15,000
1171:30,000
1139:30,000
1133:15,000
1104:15,000
1098:10,000
1092:10,000
1076:20,000
1070:52,000
1067:12,000
1042:70,000
1039:35,000
1014:40,000
1008:87,000
983:11,000
980:29,000
973:&
953:46,000
950:17,000
947:56,000
937:Total
923:Danzig
919:region
865:Polish
861:Latvia
728:Moscow
716:Poland
383:Kumyks
339:Greeks
3106:Komet
2839:Sochi
2729:(son)
2705:(son)
2697:(son)
2282:Works
2073:Lutsk
2068:Katyn
2053:Dubno
2018:Gulag
1179:Total
986:2,000
975:Narew
971:Chełm
959:5,000
613:were
415:Poles
262:Gulag
2078:Lviv
1646:16th
1559:Rise
1462:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1238:ISBN
859:and
785:and
662:and
609:The
855:of
726:to
3183::
2147:,
1287:,
1257:^
643:.
224:on
2958:"
2954:"
2928:e
2921:t
2914:v
2383:"
2379:"
2320:"
2316:"
2313:"
2309:"
2306:"
2302:"
2299:"
2295:"
2292:"
2288:"
2192:)
2188:(
1607:/
1498:e
1491:t
1484:v
1470:.
1423:.
1379:"
1168:—
1165:—
1162:—
1156:—
1136:—
1124:—
1107:—
1101:—
1095:—
1079:—
1073:—
1051:—
1048:—
1045:—
1023:—
1020:—
1017:—
1011:—
995:—
992:—
989:—
962:—
956:—
598:e
591:t
584:v
206:e
199:t
192:v
64:)
60:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
