17:
442:
1146:
1132:
721:
929:, based on older claims, estimated that in 1940–1941, 200,000 to 300,000 Romanian Bessarabians were persecuted, conscripted into forced labor camps, or deported with the entire family, of whom 18,000 to 57,000 did not survive. According to some estimates (as related by historian Pavel Moraru), 12% of the population of the two provinces was killed and deported in one year.
1079:
issued the corresponding decree, followed by an order of the
Ministry of State Security of February 6. On March 24, the Council of Ministers of the Moldavian SSR issued the decree on the confiscation and selling of the property of the deportees. Operation North started at 4:00 am on April 1, 1951,
936:
indicated a figure of 86,604 people from
Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and Hertsa Region who suffered political repression in 1940–1941, the greater part (53,000) being subjected to forced conscription for labour across the Soviet Union. Among the cca. 30,000 deportees, there were representatives
1088:, and qualified as religious elements considered a potential danger for the Communist regime. In the previously mentioned interpellation, Panțîru claimed some 6,000 ethnic Romanians from the Moldavian SSR were deported to Central Asia on April 1, 1951.
957:. Moldovans and Romanians comprised 50% of these, a proportion similar with their weight in the general population, leading Cașu to conclude that the prewar and postwar repressions were not directed at any specific ethnic or national group.
916:
were mobilized for labour across the entire territory of the Soviet Union; though the mobilization was presented as voluntary, refusal to work could result in penal punishment, and living and working conditions were generally poor.
1017:. Ultimately, 11,239 families, comprising 35,050 people, were detained and deported on July 6, 1949, with the rest either escaping or being exempt due to their contribution to the Soviet war effort or their support for
826:
of August 1939, the
Romanian government was forced to accept the Soviet ultimatum of June 26, 1940, and withdrew from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina. These regions (as well as the
1580:
1175:
403:
243:
1570:
1225:
1084:". In total, from the Moldavian SSR, there were 723 families (2,617 people) deported on the night of March 31 to April 1, 1951, all members of neoprotestant sects, mostly
1002:
977:). After the start of the war, further deportations occurred in the USSR. In April 1942, Romanian deportees and some other nationalities were deported again from
1097:
258:
1131:
133:
788:
662:
396:
253:
248:
1207:
356:
1585:
485:
389:
128:
635:
341:
1170:
346:
331:
28:
1145:
973:(which had the primary objective of reintegrating Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina into the Romanian state), attacked the Soviet Union (see
1595:
749:
592:
1109:
792:
780:
336:
231:
221:
184:
845:
On June 12–13, 1941, 29,839 members of families of "counter-revolutionaries and nationalists" from the
Moldavian SSR, and from the
194:
86:
775:
771:
672:
36:
1590:
281:
101:
63:
1605:
1463:
236:
106:
692:
839:
835:
796:
655:
216:
886:
211:
1543:
1362:
1269:
451:
162:
111:
1610:
742:
612:
537:
145:
116:
1308:
199:
814:
after their occupation, including the deportations but also the famine and murders, as a "genocide in all law".
707:
121:
58:
1615:
1152:
1117:
580:
316:
204:
167:
1455:
226:
179:
16:
441:
1535:
1312:
1261:
823:
735:
421:
150:
512:
1600:
1254:
Cașu, Igor (2010). "Stalinist Terror in Soviet
Moldavia". In McDermott, Kevin; Stibbe, Matthew (eds.).
567:
174:
91:
1076:
1022:
1296:
Table 6.A. 5,104,000 victims during the pre-World War II period: sources, calculations and estimates
617:
1051:
delivered to Stalin a secret notice which listed the planned numbers of deported "Jehovists" from
882:
492:
1504:
1085:
560:
532:
366:
1447:
1399:
1026:
547:
376:
1575:
1138:
70 years since the first mass deportation of
Bessarabians, 1941–2011. Post of Moldova 2011.
974:
622:
157:
138:
8:
1211:
697:
458:
189:
1434:Валерий Пасат ."Трудные страницы истории Молдовы (1940–1950)". Москва: Изд. Terra, 1994
1512:
1388:
1336:, ""Politica națională" în Moldova sovietică", Chișinău, Ed. Cartdidact, 2000, p. 32-33
1030:
878:
770:'s policy of political repression of the potential opposition to the Soviet power (see
430:
371:
1549:
1539:
1459:
1358:
1265:
913:
850:
846:
811:
587:
306:
1208:"Astăzi se împlinesc 81 de ani de la ocuparea Basarabiei de către Uniunea Sovietică"
1452:
Comisia
Prezidențială pentru Analiza Dictaturii Comuniste din România: Raport Final
1165:
1018:
870:
296:
276:
1419:
1295:
1081:
1048:
1042:
897:
702:
605:
301:
286:
20:
Romanian refugees after the Soviet occupation of
Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1446:
932:
Such figures were not confirmed after the opening of Soviet archives: historian
1291:
986:
982:
926:
893:
725:
291:
53:
1522:, Editura "Gruparea Româno-Germană de studii", München, 1976–1978 (in German)
1392:
1564:
1113:
1080:
and the round-ups continued until April 2. The deportees were classified as "
1006:
990:
954:
900:, was in charge of these deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.
881:
oblasts. For the fate of such a deportee from
Bessarabia, see the example of
866:
858:
854:
827:
767:
1298:, Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War, University of Hawaii.
1014:
966:
831:
507:
467:
1333:
1075:, with 1,675 people (670 families) listed for the latter. On March 3, the
933:
1005:
issued decision number 1290-467cc, which called for 11,280 families from
874:
642:
542:
1056:
950:
942:
909:
862:
807:
1068:
938:
803:
472:
1422:, by Vitali Kamyshev, "Русская мысль", Париж, N 4363, 26 April 2001
946:
525:
502:
497:
1553:
1350:
1255:
1226:"Nu se va întoarce nimeni și niciodată—aici vă vor putrezi oasele"
1176:
Commission for the Study of the
Communist Dictatorship in Moldova
1072:
1060:
1052:
970:
795:
report dated December 1965, 46,000 people were deported from the
685:
1064:
978:
1010:
985:. In June 1942, Romanians and others were also deported from
463:
326:
68:
889:
764:
Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1581:
Forced migration in the Soviet Union during World War II
1098:
Association of former deportees and political detainees
766:
took place between late 1940 and 1951 and were part of
1571:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1188:
1033:
put the number of deportees from July 6–7 at 40,000.
791:, which occurred in June 1940. According to a secret
789:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
969:, together with several other countries, including
774:). The deported were typically moved to so-called "
1526:, Editura Eminescu, București, 1999 (in Romanian)
1562:
1309:"The Genocide of Romanians in Northern Bukovina"
1353:. In McDermott, Kevin; Stibbe, Matthew (eds.).
1110:memorial to the victims of Stalinist repression
838:, while the other areas were attributed to the
1344:
1342:
1001:On April 6, 1949, the Political Bureau of the
1532:The Stalin Years: The Soviet Union, 1929–1953
1171:Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
743:
397:
1029:in 2009, international judge and politician
834:, most of the former being organized as the
1339:
781:Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union
1479:Basarabia sub regimul bolșevic (1940–1952)
1450:; Dorin Dobrincu; Cristian Vasile (2007),
1151:Monument to the deportees in front of the
1013:or collaborators with Nazi Germany during
750:
736:
404:
390:
1383:
1381:
908:During 1940 and 1941, 53,356 people from
1586:Political repression in the Soviet Union
1529:
1194:
806:referred to the events that occurred in
15:
1387:
772:Population transfer in the Soviet Union
1563:
1428:
1378:
1249:
1247:
1351:"Stalinist Terror in Soviet Moldavia"
903:
1481:, București, Ed. Semne, 1998, p.111
1348:
1253:
1596:Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
1524:"Fără pașaport prin URSS. Amintiri"
1244:
1120:, to commemorate the deportations.
797:Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
259:Between Poland and Soviet Lithuania
13:
1393:"Situația românilor din Kazahstan"
1355:Stalinist Terror in Eastern Europe
1257:Stalinist Terror in Eastern Europe
830:) were then incorporated into the
282:German–Soviet population transfers
14:
1627:
1501:, Bucharest, 1993, pp. 18–19
787:The deportations began after the
254:Between Poland and Soviet Belarus
249:Between Poland and Soviet Ukraine
1232:(in Romanian). 12 September 2017
1144:
1130:
719:
613:Union of Bessarabia with Romania
440:
97:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1491:
1471:
1440:
1413:
1357:. Manchester University Press.
1327:
1301:
1285:
1218:
1200:
708:History of independent Moldova
593:Romanian military intervention
1:
1591:Political and cultural purges
1181:
581:Moldavian Democratic Republic
357:Massive labor force transfers
1606:History of Chernivtsi Oblast
920:
817:
7:
1536:Manchester University Press
1420:"Recalling Operation North"
1313:Radio Romania International
1262:Manchester University Press
1159:
1103:
793:Soviet Ministry of Interior
10:
1632:
1520:"Ohne Passdurch die UdSSR"
1454:(in Romanian), București:
1123:
1040:
799:for the period 1940−1953.
37:Forced population transfer
1091:
1077:USSR Council of Ministers
87:Azerbaijanis from Armenia
1153:Chișinău Railway Station
937:from all ethnic groups:
618:Transnistria Governorate
526:Principality of Moldavia
513:Voivodeship of Maramureș
195:Kurds from Transcaucasia
1611:Romania in World War II
1530:Mawdsley, Evan (1998).
1036:
996:
960:
883:Eufrosinia Kersnovskaya
824:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
778:" (спецпоселения) (see
693:Independence of Moldova
673:Anti-fascist resistance
493:Origin of the Romanians
367:Twenty-five-thousanders
1505:Anton Antonov-Ovseenko
1047:On February 19, 1951,
896:, trusted henchman of
561:Bessarabia Governorate
244:Polish and Soviet Jews
21:
1518:Johann Urwich-Ferry,
1400:Parliament of Romania
1027:Parliament of Romania
548:United Principalities
377:Virgin Lands campaign
19:
1616:Communism in Moldova
1509:"The Time of Stalin"
1499:Masacrul inocenților
1112:has been erected in
975:Operation Barbarossa
1448:Vladimir Tismăneanu
1349:Caşu, Igor (2010).
1086:Jehovah's Witnesses
965:On June 22, 1941,
822:As a result of the
802:Moldovan historian
776:special settlements
698:War of Transnistria
686:Republic of Moldova
668:Soviet deportations
568:Treaty of Bucharest
459:Chernyakhov culture
102:Chechens and Ingush
39:in the Soviet Union
1009:to be deported as
904:Labor mobilization
726:Moldova portal
372:NKVD labor columns
327:POW Administration
64:Forced settlements
22:
1601:History of Budjak
1465:978-973-50-1836-8
1292:Rudolph J. Rummel
1003:Central Committee
914:Northern Bukovina
861:were deported to
851:Northern Bukovina
812:Northern Bukovina
760:
759:
663:Soviet occupation
486:Early Middle Ages
414:
413:
307:Operation Vistula
1623:
1557:
1485:
1484:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1346:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1166:Vorkuta uprising
1148:
1134:
1082:special settlers
1019:collectivisation
871:Krasnoyarsk Krai
752:
745:
738:
724:
723:
722:
538:Early Modern Era
444:
434:
416:
415:
406:
399:
392:
297:Operation Priboi
277:June deportation
217:Meskhetian Turks
24:
23:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1561:
1560:
1546:
1497:Victor Bârsan,
1494:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1477:Elena Șișcanu,
1476:
1472:
1466:
1458:, p. 754,
1445:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1398:(in Romanian).
1395:
1386:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1347:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1252:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1214:. 28 June 2021.
1210:(in Romanian).
1206:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1126:
1118:Central Station
1106:
1094:
1049:Viktor Abakumov
1045:
1043:Operation North
1039:
999:
963:
923:
906:
898:Lavrentiy Beria
857:oblasts of the
820:
756:
720:
718:
713:
712:
703:Gagauz Republic
688:
678:
677:
658:
648:
647:
638:
628:
627:
608:
606:Greater Romania
598:
597:
583:
573:
572:
563:
553:
552:
528:
518:
517:
488:
478:
477:
454:
432:
425:
410:
381:
351:
311:
302:Operation Vesna
287:Operation North
263:
73:
38:
12:
11:
5:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1559:
1558:
1544:
1527:
1516:
1513:Harper and Row
1502:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1470:
1464:
1439:
1427:
1412:
1389:Panțîru, Tudor
1377:
1363:
1338:
1326:
1300:
1284:
1270:
1243:
1217:
1212:Radio Chișinău
1199:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1041:Main article:
1038:
1035:
1023:interpellation
998:
995:
987:Krasnodar Krai
983:North Caucasus
962:
959:
927:Rudolph Rummel
922:
919:
905:
902:
894:Sergo Goglidze
819:
816:
758:
757:
755:
754:
747:
740:
732:
729:
728:
715:
714:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
689:
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
670:
665:
659:
654:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
639:
636:Moldavian ASSR
634:
633:
630:
629:
626:
625:
620:
615:
609:
604:
603:
600:
599:
596:
595:
590:
584:
579:
578:
575:
574:
571:
570:
564:
559:
558:
555:
554:
551:
550:
545:
540:
535:
529:
524:
523:
520:
519:
516:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
489:
484:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
470:
461:
455:
450:
449:
446:
445:
437:
436:
427:
426:
419:
412:
411:
409:
408:
401:
394:
386:
383:
382:
380:
379:
374:
369:
363:
360:
359:
353:
352:
350:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
323:
320:
319:
317:WWII POW labor
313:
312:
310:
309:
304:
299:
294:
292:Operation Osen
289:
284:
279:
273:
270:
269:
265:
264:
262:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
240:
239:
234:
229:
227:NKVD operation
219:
214:
209:
208:
207:
205:NKVD operation
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
171:
170:
168:NKVD operation
160:
155:
154:
153:
151:NKVD operation
143:
142:
141:
139:NKVD operation
136:
126:
125:
124:
122:NKVD operation
114:
112:Crimean Tatars
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
83:
80:
79:
75:
74:
72:
71:
66:
61:
56:
54:Dekulakization
50:
47:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1628:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1545:9780719046001
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1483:(in Romanian)
1480:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1431:
1421:
1416:
1401:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1366:
1364:9780719077760
1360:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1343:
1335:
1330:
1315:. May 2, 2016
1314:
1310:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1273:
1271:9780719077760
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1248:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1197:, p. 73.
1196:
1195:Mawdsley 1998
1191:
1187:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1031:Tudor Panțîru
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:Moldavian SSR
1004:
994:
992:
991:Rostov Oblast
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
935:
930:
928:
918:
915:
911:
901:
899:
895:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
859:Ukrainian SSR
856:
852:
848:
843:
841:
840:Ukrainian SSR
837:
836:Moldavian SSR
833:
829:
828:Hertsa region
825:
815:
813:
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
782:
777:
773:
769:
768:Joseph Stalin
765:
753:
748:
746:
741:
739:
734:
733:
731:
730:
727:
717:
716:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
687:
682:
681:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
657:
656:Moldavian SSR
652:
651:
644:
641:
640:
637:
632:
631:
624:
623:The Holocaust
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
607:
602:
601:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
582:
577:
576:
569:
566:
565:
562:
557:
556:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
527:
522:
521:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
487:
482:
481:
474:
471:
469:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
453:
448:
447:
443:
439:
438:
435:
429:
428:
423:
418:
417:
407:
402:
400:
395:
393:
388:
387:
385:
384:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
362:
361:
358:
355:
354:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
322:
321:
318:
315:
314:
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1565:Categories
1554:2003046365
1370:17 January
1277:17 January
1182:References
1057:Belorussia
951:Bulgarians
943:Ukrainians
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910:Bessarabia
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863:Kazakhstan
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1456:Humanitas
1405:March 14,
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1021:. In an
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420:Part of
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1124:Gallery
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1061:Estonia
1053:Ukraine
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855:Izmail
853:) and
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190:Kumyks
146:Greeks
1396:(PDF)
464:Dacia
222:Poles
69:Gulag
1550:LCCN
1540:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1407:2021
1372:2014
1359:ISBN
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1266:ISBN
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