1371:
3114:
2386:
2225:
2683:
2565:
1293:
2120:
3654:
1939:
1018:
3379:
2801:
2877:
1672:
53:
3492:
2055:
2897:
1821:
1809:
3129:
671:
3533:(ACC), "ll German land, naval and air forces, the S.S., S.A., S.D. and Gestapo, with all their organizations, staffs and institution, including the General Staff, the Officers' corps, the Reserve Corps, military schools, war veterans' organizations, and all other military and quasi-military organizations, together with all clubs and associations which serve to keep alive the military tradition in Germany, shall be completely and finally abolished in accordance with the methods and procedures to be laid down by the Allied Representatives." The
3202:
13265:
3328:) shows, it barbarised the German armies on the eastern front. Most of their three million men, from generals to ordinary soldiers, helped exterminate captured Slav soldiers and civilians. This was sometimes cold and deliberate murder of individuals (as with Jews), sometimes generalised brutality and neglect. ... German soldiers' letters and memoirs reveal their terrible reasoning: Slavs were 'the Asiatic-Bolshevik' horde, an inferior but threatening race.
80:
2080:(rather than order-based tactics) which was intended to give commanders greater freedom to act on events and exploit opportunities. In public opinion, the German Army was, and sometimes still is, seen as a high-tech army. However, such modern equipment, while featured much in propaganda, was often only available in relatively small numbers. Only 40% to 60% of all units in the
2363:, the U-Boat Chief, began unrestricted submarine warfare which cost the Allies 22,898 men and 1,315 ships. The U-boat war remained costly for the Allies until early spring of 1943 when the Allies began to use countermeasures against U-Boats such as the use of Hunter-Killer groups, airborne radar, torpedoes and mines like the
1156:, where several hundred German air force personnel received instruction in operational maintenance, navigation, and aerial combat training over the next decade until the Germans finally left in September 1933. However, the arms buildup was done in secrecy, until Hitler came to power and it received broad political support.
1217:, an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler. Hitler was most surprised at the offer; the popular view that Hitler imposed the oath on the military is false. The oath read: "I swear by God this sacred oath that to the Leader of the German empire and people, Adolf Hitler, supreme commander of the armed forces, I shall render
2936:
Whereas German deaths between 1941 and 1943 on the western front had not exceeded three per cent of the total from all fronts, in 1944 the figure jumped to about 14 per cent. Yet even in the months following D-day, about 68.5 per cent of all German battlefield deaths occurred on the eastern front, as
1111:
be an elite cadre force that would serve as the nucleus of an expanded military when the chance for restoring conscription came essentially led to the creation of a new army, based upon, but very different from, the army that existed in World War I. In the 1920s, Seeckt and his officers developed new
3170:
s response would vary in severity and method, depending on the scale of resistance and whether it was in East or West Europe. Often, the number of hostages to be shot was calculated based on a ratio of 100 hostages executed for every German soldier killed and 50 hostages executed for every
2104:
combined the mobility of light tanks with airborne assault to quickly progress through weak enemy lines, enabling the German army to quickly take over Poland and France. These tanks were used to break through enemy lines, isolating regiments from the main force so that the infantry behind the tanks
1362:
recruits were drastically lowered, with the regime going so far as to create "special diet" battalions for men with severe stomach ailments. Rear-echelon personnel were more often sent to front-line duty wherever possible, especially during the final two years of the war where, inspired by constant
1147:
traveled to Moscow in 1923 to further negotiate the terms. Germany helped the Soviet Union with industrialization and Soviet officers were to be trained in
Germany. German tank and air-force specialists could exercise in the Soviet Union and German chemical weapons research and manufacture would be
3577:
comes to the following conclusion: "In the purely military sense you can indeed say that the impression of a superior fighting force rightly exists. The proverbial efficiency was even greater than previously thought, because the superiority of the opponent was much higher than at that time German
3220:
s prisoner-of-war camps for inmates from the west generally satisfied the humanitarian requirement prescribed by international law, prisoners from Poland and the USSR were incarcerated under significantly worse conditions. Between the launching of
Operation Barbarossa in the summer of 1941 and the
1002:
has been associated, both in the German and
English languages, with the German armed forces of 1935–45 since the Second World War, before 1945 the term was used in the German language in a more general sense for a national defense force. For instance, the German-aligned formations of Poles raised
2026:
found themselves engaged in campaigns against several major industrial powers while
Germany was still in transition to a war economy. German units were then overextended, undersupplied, outmaneuvered, outnumbered and defeated by its enemies in decisive battles during 1941, 1942, and 1943 at the
1918:
Additionally, there was a clear lack of cohesion between the three High
Commands and the OKW, as senior generals were unaware of the needs, capabilities and limitations of the other branches. With Hitler serving as Supreme Commander, branch commands were often forced to fight for influence with
2924:
German casualties took a sudden jump with the defeat of the Sixth Army at
Stalingrad in January 1943, when 180,310 soldiers were killed in one month. Among the 5.3 million Wehrmacht casualties during the Second World War, more than 80 per cent died during the last two years of the war.
1056:
were announced in May, and in June, Germany signed the treaty that, among other terms, imposed severe constraints on the size of
Germany's armed forces. The army was limited to one hundred thousand men with an additional fifteen thousand in the navy. The fleet was to consist of at most six
2968:
soldiers to wipe out what were variously called Jewish
Bolshevik subhumans, the Mongol hordes, the Asiatic flood and the red beast. While the principal perpetrators of the civil suppression behind the front lines amongst German armed forces were the Nazi German "political" armies (the
2358:
s most significant contribution to the German war effort was the deployment of its nearly 1,000 U-boats to strike at Allied convoys. The German naval strategy was to attack the convoys in an attempt to prevent the United States from interfering in Europe and to starve out the
British.
1115:
Germany was forbidden to have an air force by the
Versailles treaty; nonetheless, Seeckt created a clandestine cadre of air force officers in the early 1920s. These officers saw the role of an air force as winning air superiority, strategic bombing, and close air support. That the
1245:) and the reintroduction of conscription. While the size of the standing army was to remain at about the 100,000-man mark decreed by the treaty, a new group of conscripts equal to this size would receive training each year. The conscription law introduced the name "
758:, a modern offensively-capable armed force, fulfilling the Nazi regime's long-term goals of regaining lost territory as well as gaining new territory and dominating its neighbours. This required the reinstatement of conscription and massive investment and
1112:
doctrines that emphasized speed, aggression, combined arms and initiative on the part of lower officers to take advantage of momentary opportunities. Though Seeckt retired in 1926, his influence on the army was still apparent when it went to war in 1939.
3557:
in terms of fighting power and tactics, giving it a more favorable assessment, with some calling it one of the best in the world, partly due to its ability to regularly inflict higher losses than it received, while it fought outnumbered and outgunned.
2191:
into a war of attrition. With German fighter force destroyed, the Western Allies had air supremacy over the battlefield, denying support to German forces on the ground and using its own fighter-bombers to attack and disrupt. Following the losses in
3186:
established numerous brothels throughout Nazi Germany and its occupied territories. Women would often be kidnapped off the streets and forced to work in the brothels, with an estimated minimum of 34,140 women being forced to serve as prostitutes.
3097:
While secretly listening to conversations of captured German generals, British officials became aware that the German Army had taken part in the atrocities and mass-murder of Jews and were guilty of war crimes. American officials learned of the
2417:
would attempt to become a legitimate part of the armed forces of Nazi Germany, partly due to the fighting between the limited armaments, and the perceived fanaticism towards Nazism. However, on 17 August 1938, Hitler codified the role of the
1907:
and Hitler's deputy, would not submit to someone else or see himself as an equal to other service commanders. However, a more likely reason was Hitler feared it would break his image of having the "Midas touch" concerning military strategy.
2907:
More than 6,000,000 soldiers were wounded during the conflict, while more than 11,000,000 became prisoners. In all, approximately 5,318,000 soldiers from Germany and other nationalities fighting for the German armed forces—including the
2163:
dive bomber. The planes cooperated closely with the ground forces. Overwhelming numbers of fighters assured air-supremacy, and the bombers would attack command- and supply-lines, depots, and other support targets close to the front. The
2941:
In addition to the losses, at the hands of the elements and enemy fighting, at least 20,000 soldiers were executed as sentences by the military court. In comparison, the Red Army executed 135,000, France 102, the US 146 and the UK 40.
3062:
involved supplying the death squads with weapons, ammunition, equipment, transport, and even housing. Partisan fighters, Jews, and Communists became synonymous enemies of the Nazi regime and were hunted down and exterminated by the
3022:
officers that actions "which would not be in the taste of German generals", would take place in occupied areas and ordered them that they "should not interfere in such matters but restrict themselves to their military duties". Some
1106:
wrote "In reducing the officers corps, Seeckt chose the new leadership from the best men of the general staff with ruthless disregard for other constituencies, such as war heroes and the nobility." Seeckt's determination that the
672:
1984:. Germany's immediate military success on the field at the start of the Second World War coincides the favorable beginning they achieved during the First World War, a fact which some attribute to their superior officer corps.
2916:
and foreign collaborationist units—are estimated to have been killed in action, died of wounds, died in custody or gone missing in World War II. Included in this number are 215,000 Soviet citizens conscripted by Germany.
2260:, Germany was allowed to increase its navy's size to be 35:100 tonnage of the Royal Navy, and allowed for the construction of U-boats. This was partly done to appease Germany, and because Britain believed the
1304:
was accomplished through voluntary enlistment and conscription, with 1.3 million being drafted and 2.4 million volunteering in the period 1935–1939. The total number of soldiers who served in the
2084:
were motorized, baggage trains often relied on horse-drawn trailers due to poor roads and weather conditions in the Soviet Union, and for the same reasons many soldiers marched on foot or used bicycles as
2348:), Germany stopped constructing battleships and cruisers in favor of U-boats. Though by 1941, the navy had already lost a number of its large surface ships, which could not be replenished during the war.
3775:
3736:
1789:
1749:
1234:
932:
1919:
Hitler. However, influence with Hitler not only came from rank and merit but also who Hitler perceived as loyal, leading to inter-service rivalry, rather than cohesion between his military advisers.
1320:
s size, the Army was forced to accept citizens of lower class and education, decreasing internal cohesion and appointing officers who lacked real-war experience from previous conflicts, especially
7353:
1901:, had advocated for a real tri-service Joint Command, or appointment of a single Joint Chief of Staff, Hitler refused. Even after the defeat at Stalingrad, Hitler refused, stating that Göring as
1765:
1309:
during its existence from 1935 to 1945 is believed to have approached 18.2 million. The German military leadership originally aimed at a homogeneous military, possessing traditional
7307:
1848:
in 1935, Hitler elevated himself to Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, retaining the position until his suicide on 30 April 1945. The title of Commander-in-Chief was given to the
2925:
Approximately three-quarters of these losses occurred on the Eastern front (2.7 million) and during the final stages of the war between January and May 1945 (1.2 million).
3054:
in a directive declared that in the event of guerrilla attacks, German troops were to impose "collective measures of force" by massacring entire villages. Cooperation between the
2550:
caused tensions between the General Staffs of both the OKW and the OKH – as Germany lacked sufficient materiel and manpower for a two-front war of such magnitude.
1367:
were being recruited and driven by instilled fear and fanaticism to serve on the fronts and, often, to fight to the death, whether judged to be cannon fodder or elite troops.
1268:
added 48 tank battalions to the planned rearmament program. Hitler originally set a time frame of 10 years for remilitarization, but soon shortened it to four years. With the
1120:
did not develop a strategic bombing force in the 1930s was not due to a lack of interest, but because of economic limitations. The leadership of the Navy led by Grand Admiral
13336:
3464: – an army captain in Warsaw – helped, hid, or rescued several Poles, including Jews, in occupied Poland. He helped the Polish-Jewish composer
1264:
s existence included a total of no less than 36 divisions in its original projection, contravening the Treaty of Versailles in grandiose fashion. In December 1935, General
11829:
9964:
9790:
1393:, were exempted from military service after Hitler's takeover in 1938. Foreign volunteers were generally not accepted in the German armed forces prior to 1941. With the
11574:
13331:
11175:
9534:
3460:
detachment from entering it. He then evacuated up to 100 Jews and their families to the barracks of the local military command, and placed them under his protection.
13187:
11191:
1413:
began to seek out recruits from occupied and neutral countries across Europe: the Germanic populations of the Netherlands and Norway were recruited largely into the
1335:
has been identified as a major factor in its early victories as well as its ability to keep the war going as long as it did even as the war turned against Germany.
8748:
983:, establishing that: "The Reich's President holds supreme command of all armed forces of the Reich". From 1919, Germany's national defense force was known as the
11518:
11114:
11086:
10230:
2264:
would not be able to reach the 35% limit until 1942. The navy was also prioritized last in the German rearmament scheme, making it the smallest of the branches.
13166:
11838:
11525:
10652:
8966:
3413:
would ruin Germany. However, following the success of the early campaigns in Poland, Scandinavia and France, belief in Hitler was restored. With the defeat in
12141:
11504:
10806:
10431:
9848:
1897:(OKL). The OKW was intended to serve as a joint command and coordinate all military activities, with Hitler at the top. Though many senior officers, such as
624:
215:
11147:
11093:
10279:
9239:
3105:
s atrocities in much the same way. Taped conversations of soldiers detained as POWs revealed how some of them voluntarily participated in mass executions.
1999:. The motorized formations received much attention in the world press in the opening years of the war, and were cited as the reason for the success of the
11611:
11100:
10716:
9861:
3627:
was an apolitical organization which was largely innocent of Nazi Germany's war crimes and crimes against humanity. Attempting to benefit from the clean
3425:
attempted to assassinate Hitler. The attempt failed, resulting in the execution of 4,980 people and the standard military salute being replaced with the
640:
3405:, as Hitler actively went against the Treaty of Versailles and attempted to recover the army's honor. The first major resistance began in 1938 with the
2446:
field units could be placed under the operational control of the OKW or the OKH. All decisions regarding this would be at Hitler's personal discretion.
10126:
9561:
1978:
managed many lightning quick victories in the first year of World War II, prompting foreign journalists to create a new word for what they witnessed:
11497:
10937:
10813:
9922:
9912:
9748:
9340:
1397:
in 1941, the government's positions changed. German propagandists wanted to present the war not as a purely German concern, but as a multi-national
10790:
10170:
3247:, grew in the late 1970s and the 1980s. In the 1990s, public conception in Germany was influenced by controversial reactions and debates about the
8946:
11227:
10539:
9676:
8304:"VI The Struggle at Sea: The First Battle of the Convoy Routes, the Anti-Shipping Offensive and the Escape of the 'Scharnhorst' and 'Gneisenau'"
3320:
The Nazi revolution was broader than just the Holocaust. Its second goal was to eliminate Slavs from central and eastern Europe and to create a
11046:
10348:
9692:
6762:
3196:
13059:
3586:
possessed outstanding tactical and operational capabilities. However, following a number of successful campaigns, German policy began to have
2322:
in 1941, with Allied air-superiority threatening the remaining battle-cruisers in French Atlantic harbors, the ships were ordered to make the
338:
11845:
11808:
11785:
11299:
10221:
10191:
3156:
committed numerous war crimes against the civilian population in occupied countries. This includes massacres of civilians and running forced
1370:
11560:
3792:, "The benefits come through the Federal Pension Act, which was passed in 1950 to support war victims, whether civilians or veterans of the
3578:
officers suspected. The analysis of Russian archive files finally gives us a clear picture in this regard." Strategic thinker and professor
11938:
11794:
11778:
11750:
10991:
10198:
8034:
2580:
2546:
fought on other fronts, sometimes three simultaneously; redeploying troops from the intensifying theatre in the East to the West after the
2290:
Large surface vessels were few in number due to construction limitations by international treaties prior to 1935. The "pocket battleships"
1452:, and others who wished to fight against the Soviet regime or who were otherwise induced to join. Between 15,000 and 20,000 anti-communist
9222:
7175:
3417:, trust in Hitler's leadership began to wane. This caused an increase in resistance within the military. The resistance culminated in the
12702:
11762:
11674:
11618:
11581:
10856:
9817:
9470:
9197:
7110:(2005). "Black Marks: Hitler's Bribery of his Senior Officers During World War II". In Kreike, Emmanuel; Jordan, William Chester (eds.).
3113:
1287:
895:
9177:
13321:
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10392:
9728:
1421:. The "voluntary" nature of such recruitment was often dubious, especially in the later years of the war when even Poles living in the
9414:
905:
s upper leadership went on trial for war crimes, despite evidence suggesting that more were involved in illegal actions. According to
13180:
11801:
10184:
10142:
9894:
9887:
9853:
9283:
8710:. Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals. Nuremberg, Allied-occupied Germany: Nuremberg Military Tribunals.
3759:"Germans still have a hard time, when it comes to openly dealing with their Nazi past", as such of the 50 military bases named after
3444: – a sergeant in the army – helped between 250 and 300 Jewish men, women, and children escape from the
632:
9064:
13029:
10834:
10608:
10371:
10237:
10048:
9947:
9360:
9262:
8554:
3141:
3137:
8931:
7483:
2385:
13316:
11917:
11714:
11366:
10744:
10244:
10156:
10092:
9772:
9493:
6548:
2176:
was often subordinated to the Army, resulting in it being used as a tactical support role and losing its strategic capabilities.
1915:. Showing restraint at the beginning of the war, Hitler also became increasingly involved in military operations at every scale.
2224:
1389:
strove to remain a purely ethnic German force; as such, minorities within and outside of Germany, such as the Czechs in annexed
12120:
11632:
10475:
10013:
9554:
8853:
Zeidler, Manfred (2006). "The Strange Allies – Red Army and Reichswehr in the Inter-War Period". In Schlögel, Karl (ed.).
7133:
6418:
3653:
3296:... identified strongly with National Socialism and embroiled itself in the criminality of the Third Reich." British historian
2682:
609:
3035:, though these objections were not against the idea of the atrocities themselves. Later during the war, relations between the
2564:
1017:
898:) had lost approximately 11,300,000 men, about 5,318,000 of whom were missing, killed or died in captivity. Only a few of the
12723:
12628:
12148:
11894:
11769:
10848:
10822:
10679:
10385:
10302:
8911:
8889:
8870:
8843:
8813:
8779:
8737:
8727:
8689:
8654:
8633:
8614:
8590:
8564:
8543:
8520:
8499:
8480:
8459:
8435:
8416:
8368:
8319:
8292:
8270:
8251:
8229:
8187:
8168:
8142:
8119:
8097:
8075:
8056:
8023:
7983:
7959:
7903:
7882:
7859:
7840:
7790:
7767:
7743:
7721:
7688:
7665:
7646:
7624:
7602:
7578:
7537:
7518:
7472:
7449:
7425:
7399:
7367:
7293:
7264:
7243:
7185:
7146:
7119:
7097:
7078:
7059:
7040:
7018:
7001:(1998). "Complicity or Entanglement? The Wehrmacht, the War and the Holocaust". In Berenbaum, Michael; Peck, Abraham (eds.).
6988:
6962:
6939:
6920:
6901:
6877:
6854:
6833:
6814:
6791:
6772:
6707:
6686:
6663:
6644:
6625:
6586:
6513:
6477:
6458:
6406:
6387:
6359:
6333:
6311:
6283:
6234:
6213:
6191:
6133:
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2809:
2461:
officers were former army officers, which ensured continuity and understanding between the two. Throughout the war, army and
2307:
1760:) and they were assigned to duties within the Reich, and to a lesser extent, in the occupied territories, for example in the
1728:
operators of listening equipment, in anti-aircraft defense, operating projectors for anti-aircraft defense, employees within
1128:, was dedicated to the idea of reviving Tirpitz's High Seas Fleet. Officers who believed in submarine warfare led by Admiral
1037:
12956:
12356:
12242:
11407:
10867:
10863:
10841:
10445:
9880:
9822:
7439:
3809:
1186:
1135:
By 1922, Germany had begun covertly circumventing the conditions of the Versailles treaty. A secret collaboration with the
9707:
9304:
9000:
7195:
Greenwald, Maurine Weiner (1981). "Mobilizing Women for War: German and American Propaganda, 1939-1945 by Leila J. Rupp".
1292:
12871:
12328:
11660:
11646:
10852:
9134:
3538:
3276:". Bartov argues that far from being the "untarnished shield", as successive German apologists stated after the war, the
2215:
1938:
851:). The majority of the war crimes took place in the Soviet Union, Poland, Yugoslavia, Greece, and Italy, as part of the
13080:
12949:
12827:
12398:
12113:
12064:
11822:
11377:
10622:
10461:
10309:
10163:
8036:
Destructivity: A Political Economy of Military Effectiveness in Conventional Combat. (PhD diss., Doctoral dissertation)
7782:
3685:
officers in West Germany feared a Soviet invasion of the country. To combat this, several prominent officers created a
2119:
566:
7319:
Hayward, Joel (1999). "A case study in early joint warfare: An analysis of the Wehrmacht's Crimean campaign of 1942".
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13196:
12071:
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11442:
11154:
11121:
9827:
9697:
9547:
3819:
2871:
2712:
1269:
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members, particularly in their formative years, though neither organization considered themselves successors to the
3378:
13233:
12384:
12321:
11456:
11285:
10408:
9723:
9125:
2291:
2179:
The Western Allies' strategic bombing campaign against German industrial targets (particularly the round-the-clock
1671:
17:
10962:
3569:
in a purely military context, concluded: "The German army was a superb fighting organization. In point of morale,
13311:
12757:
12598:
12587:
12416:
12175:
12134:
12027:
11965:
11345:
10615:
10484:
10452:
6546:
Bos, Pascale (2006). "Feminists Interpreting the Politics of Wartime Rape: Berlin, 1945; Yugoslavia, 1992–1993".
3222:
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3071:
alike, something revealed in numerous field journal entries from German soldiers. With the implementation of the
2858:
2838:
2012:
1769:
747:
11132:
10700:
2876:
1787:, half of whom were volunteers, while the other half performed obligatory services connected to the war effort (
1046:(peace army). In March 1919, the national assembly passed a law founding a 420,000-strong preliminary army, the
13143:
13115:
12993:
12786:
12016:
11467:
11393:
11182:
10553:
10272:
10177:
10062:
9981:
9743:
9387:
7281:
3860:
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2327:
1840:
was Adolf Hitler in his capacity as Germany's head of state, a position he gained after the death of President
7256:
The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison (Studies in Macroeconomic History)
6416:
Beyda, Oleg (2014). "'Iron Cross of the Wrangel's Army': Russian Emigrants as Interpreters in the Wehrmacht".
3491:
13203:
13136:
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13018:
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12293:
12057:
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11414:
11198:
10251:
9832:
9767:
9324:
9108:
8449:
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2738:
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became closer together. Towards the end of the war, army units would even be placed under the command of the
2297:
1278:, the German Reich's territory increased significantly, providing a larger population pool for conscription.
6609:
3573:, troop cohesion and resilience, it probably had no equal among twentieth century armies." German historian
2800:
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13173:
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12502:
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11249:
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11161:
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10958:
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10399:
10110:
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10041:
7321:
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back to German ports. Operating from fjords along the coast of Norway, which had been occupied since 1940,
2257:
2232:
2081:
1149:
256:
8700:
2505:
directed combat operations during World War II (from 1 September 1939 – 8 May 1945) as the
13240:
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12509:
12127:
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11952:
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11060:
10723:
10629:
10119:
9959:
9942:
9671:
9579:
7802:
7197:
6244:
Barr, W. (2009). "Wettertrupp Haudegen: The last German Arctic weather station of World War II: Part 2".
3834:
3814:
3611:
3398:
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2815:
2089:. As the fortunes of war turned against them, the Germans were in constant retreat from 1943 and onward.
1933:
845:
702:
170:
2854:
in Libya, Tunisia and Egypt between the UK and Commonwealth (and later, U.S.) forces and the Axis forces
13038:
12527:
12446:
12391:
12279:
12235:
11885:
11511:
11435:
11330:
11207:
11079:
11072:
11032:
11005:
10737:
10670:
10265:
10076:
10006:
9917:
9634:
9619:
9614:
9504:
9485:
9474:
9462:
7916:(1997). "Triumph of the Null: Structure and Conflict in the Command of German Land Forces, 1939-1945".
7852:
The Royal Navy and Nazi Germany, 1933–39 A Study in Appeasement and the Origins of the Second World War
7359:
3705:
2959:
2535:
in the North and Mid-Atlantic can also be considered as separate theatres, considering the size of the
2316:
1893:
1868:
1849:
322:
3409:, where several members of the military wanted to remove Hitler from power, as they feared a war with
1205:
into their uniforms in May 1934. In August of the same year, on Blomberg's initiative and that of the
803:
are regarded by historians as acts of boldness. At the same time, the extent of advances strained the
12940:
12857:
12642:
12495:
12467:
12300:
12205:
11995:
11428:
10495:
10149:
8336:
Schoeps, Karl-Heinz (2008). "Holocaust and Resistance in Vilnius: Rescuers in "Wehrmacht" Uniforms".
3731:
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2744:
2586:
2345:
2331:
2180:
2000:
1862:, Blomberg resigned and Hitler abolished the Ministry of War. As a replacement for the ministry, the
1773:
10693:
9434:
9104:
7800:
Leitz, C. M. (February 1998). "Arms Exports from the Third Reich, 1933-1939: The Example of Krupp".
785:
tactics (close-cover air-support, tanks and infantry) to devastating effect in what became known as
12679:
12656:
11901:
11702:
11695:
11352:
11012:
10984:
10977:
10364:
9139:
8756:
Menschen mit Zivilcourage. Mut, Widerstand und verantwortliches Handeln in Geschichte und Gegenwart
8644:
8134:
6165:
6143:
3898:
135,000 executed; 422,700 sent to penal units at the front and 436,600 imprisoned after sentencing.
3829:
3824:
3690:
1473:
1224:
By 1935, Germany was openly flouting the military restrictions set forth in the Versailles Treaty:
1165:
1140:
812:
665:
10709:
10686:
9065:"The German army is still struggling to come to terms with its Nazi past, according to historians"
8303:
7090:
Six Months to Oblivion: The Eclipse of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force Over the Western Front, 1944/45
6147:
3867:
on 20 September 1945, the dissolution was officially declared by ACC Law No. 34 of 20 August 1946.
3163:
Massacres would in many cases come as reprisals for acts of resistance. With these reprisals, the
13101:
13045:
12915:
12775:
12453:
12106:
12002:
11908:
11476:
11337:
11307:
11271:
11256:
11128:
11020:
10998:
10944:
10930:
10912:
10576:
10357:
10085:
10034:
9629:
9624:
8600:
7871:"Memories of Victimhood in Serbia and Croatia from the 1980s to the Disintegration of Yugoslavia"
6303:
3553:
due to its failures and claim allied superiority. However, historians have since reevaluated the
3537:
was officially dissolved by the ACC Law 34 on 20 August 1946, which proclaimed the OKW, OKH, the
3465:
3357:
2885:
2054:
1995:; infantry remained approximately 90% foot-borne throughout the war, and artillery was primarily
1887:
1881:
1859:
1777:
1690:" However, with many men going to the front, women were placed in auxiliary positions within the
1469:
1441:
1218:
571:
7485:
Dokumente zur deutschen Verfassungsgeschichte. Band 2. Deutsche Verfassungsdokumente 1851 - 1918
7010:
6913:
Teheran – Jalta – Potsdam: Die sowjetischen Protokolle von den Kriegskonferenzen derGrossen Drei
2971:
2707:
2169:
2004:
12793:
12686:
12481:
12432:
12335:
12228:
12198:
11981:
11869:
11595:
11386:
10970:
10951:
10921:
10468:
10438:
9047:
8862:
7391:
3864:
3530:
3422:
2851:
2819:
2764:
2631:
2268:
2044:
1996:
1971:
1198:
956:
816:
800:
439:
9205:
7031:(2004). "The German Military's Image of Russia". In Erickson, Ljubica; Erickson, Mark (eds.).
6802:
6697:
6524:
6448:
3171:
German soldier wounded. Other times civilians would be rounded up and shot with machine guns.
3079:, as the Germans seized food for their armies and fodder for their draft horses. According to
2861:
was a continuation of the Axis defeat in North Africa, and was a campaign for defence of Italy
2465:
soldiers worked together in various combat situations, creating bonds between the two groups.
13284:
13007:
12850:
12746:
12716:
12672:
12541:
12405:
12370:
12363:
12286:
12184:
11625:
11602:
11449:
11053:
10590:
10330:
10316:
9999:
9780:
9642:
8799:
8338:
8068:
The Army, Politics and Society in Germany 1933–1945: Studies in the Army's Relation to Nazism
7893:
7731:
7548:
7378:
6579:
The Hitler State: The Foundation and Development of the Internal Structure of the Third Reich
6275:
3496:
3122:
2643:
2193:
1666:
1221:
and that as a brave soldier I shall at all times be prepared to give my life for this oath".
1210:
503:
10888:
8854:
8510:
8381:(2003). "The Continuum of Brutality: Wehrmacht Security Divisions in Central Russia, 1942".
8107:
8085:
7254:
7002:
6224:
3574:
52:
13108:
12963:
12614:
12571:
12534:
12460:
12270:
12249:
11168:
10645:
10323:
9785:
9530:
9085:
8767:
8708:
Report to Commanding Officer in Serbia, 20 October 1941 Concerning Severe Reprisal Measures
8604:
8280:
8199:
7969:
7947:
7913:
3414:
3345:
3248:
3004:
2788:
2625:
2596:
2184:
2153:
2077:
2036:
2016:
1429:
1394:
1355:
1144:
1053:
841:
796:
740:
458:
3341:
2896:
8:
13226:
13000:
12878:
12834:
12349:
11483:
11242:
10769:
10599:
10583:
10532:
9242:[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for Historian Wolfram Wette].
8534:
Fighting for the Fatherland: The Story of the German Soldier from 1648 to the Present Day
8310:. History of the Second World War, Military Series. Vol. I (pbk. ed.). London:
8012:
Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 1941–1945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie
7028:
6998:
6972:
6173:
6155:
3788:
3645:, attempted to cultivate a myth of their soldiers having been "Soldiers like any other".
2649:
1855:
1841:
1379:
1310:
1190:
1178:
1005:
980:
852:
311:
9953:
9367:
8239:
7699:
3307:
s duty was to ensure that the people who met Hitler's requirements of being part of the
3091:
2987:, which were responsible for mass-murders, primarily by implementation of the so-called
2655:
1350:
personnel were increasingly transferred to the army, and "voluntary" enlistments in the
860:
13306:
13219:
13052:
12977:
12931:
12901:
12809:
12649:
12307:
12191:
12085:
12036:
11974:
11730:
11681:
11490:
11107:
10762:
10560:
9969:
9020:
8677:
8665:
8532:
8347:
7935:
7819:
7677:
7501:
7222:
7214:
7003:
6981:
The Nazi Holocaust Part 3 The "Final Solution": The Implementation of Mass Murder vol.2
6565:
6435:
3562:
3437:
3361:
3234:
2782:
2770:
2719:
2536:
2245:
to six battleships, six cruisers, and twelve destroyers. Following the creation of the
2032:
1898:
1833:
1761:
1457:
1453:
1172:
1125:
949:, "power, force". It has been used to describe any nation's armed forces; for example,
59:
8161:
Soldaten: On Fighting, Killing, and Dying – The Secret WWII Transcripts of German POWs
7461:
British Intelligence in the Second World War. Its influence on Strategy and Operations
6866:
4592:
4590:
3128:
3118:
1686:, as Hitler ideologically opposed conscription for women, stating that Germany would "
13210:
13094:
12984:
12924:
12885:
12818:
12800:
12766:
12709:
12663:
12607:
12425:
12163:
12155:
12092:
11945:
11539:
11064:
10525:
10504:
10214:
9193:
9025:
8907:
8885:
8866:
8855:
8839:
8809:
8775:
8733:
8711:
8685:
8650:
8629:
8610:
8586:
8560:
8539:
8516:
8495:
8476:
8455:
8431:
8412:
8364:
8315:
8288:
8266:
8247:
8225:
8208:
8183:
8164:
8138:
8115:
8093:
8071:
8052:
8019:
7998:
7979:
7955:
7939:
7899:
7878:
7855:
7836:
7786:
7763:
7739:
7717:
7684:
7661:
7642:
7620:
7598:
7574:
7557:
7533:
7514:
7493:
7489:
7468:
7445:
7421:
7395:
7363:
7289:
7260:
7239:
7226:
7181:
7142:
7115:
7093:
7074:
7055:
7036:
7014:
6984:
6958:
6935:
6916:
6897:
6891:
6873:
6850:
6829:
6810:
6787:
6768:
6749:
6725:
6703:
6682:
6659:
6640:
6621:
6582:
6569:
6509:
6492:
6473:
6454:
6439:
6402:
6383:
6355:
6348:
6329:
6307:
6297:
6279:
6230:
6209:
6187:
6129:
3886:
3254:
3206:
2831:
2823:
2776:
2758:
2732:
2704:, September 1939 to May 1940) between the invasion of Poland and the Battle of France
2604:
2547:
2141:
1660:
1402:
1325:
1225:
1103:
736:
518:
8606:
The Pianist: The Extraordinary True Story of One Man's Survival in Warsaw, 1939–1945
7152:
6844:
6675:
3386:
2137:
870:. By the time the war ended in Europe in May 1945, German forces (consisting of the
811:(1941); by late 1942, Germany was losing the initiative in all theatres. The German
200:
13129:
13122:
13066:
12730:
12488:
12474:
12377:
12314:
12265:
12078:
11931:
11878:
11688:
11639:
11553:
10776:
10753:
10286:
9737:
9244:
9089:
8392:
7927:
7811:
7330:
7206:
7107:
6597:
6557:
6427:
6255:
5908:
4587:
3406:
3353:
3281:
2750:
2619:
2613:
2608:
2600:
2303:
2086:
2040:
2028:
2008:
1992:
1744:
1736:
1688:
not form any section of women grenade throwers or any corps of women elite snipers.
1445:
1102:, retained only the most capable officers. The American historians Alan Millet and
808:
792:
373:
205:
10295:
9508:
9156:
8947:"German Jewish leader urges cancellation of pension payments to former SS members"
8197:
O'Donnell, H. K. (June 1978). Smith, Robert W. (ed.). "A GENIUS FOR WAR: Review".
8152:
6975:(1989). "The Wehrmacht and the War of Extermination Against the Soviet Union". In
6166:"Enactments and Approved Papers of the Control Council and Coordinating Committee"
6148:"Enactments and Approved Papers of the Control Council and Coordinating Committee"
1820:
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12779:
12737:
12635:
12578:
12439:
12221:
12212:
11741:
11316:
11292:
10546:
9445:
8832:
8470:
8404:
8378:
7973:
7870:
7757:
7592:
7005:
The Holocaust and History The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed and the Reexamined
6846:
In Hitler's Shadow West German Historians and the Attempt to Escape the Nazi Past
6431:
6373:
6369:
6324:(1999). "Soldiers, Nazis and War in the Third Reich". In Leitz, Christian (ed.).
4104:
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3779:
3740:
3662:
3623:
officers, veterans' groups and various far-right authors began to state that the
3587:
3349:
3289:
3075:, hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of Soviet civilians were deliberately
2996:
2844:
2637:
2124:
2093:
2048:
1903:
1793:
1753:
1422:
1238:
1099:
936:
759:
406:
160:
13264:
7556:. Vol. 7. Nuremberg, Germany: International military tribunal – Nuremberg.
5888:
3080:
773:
formed the heart of Germany's politico-military power. In the early part of the
13159:
12695:
12621:
10659:
10518:
9466:
8979:
8670:
Handbook on German Military Forces, 15 March 1945, Technical Manual TM-E 30-451
8445:
8383:
7931:
7918:
7875:
Genocidal Nightmares: Narratives of Insecurity and the Logic of Mass Atrocities
7177:
War, Peace & International Relations – An Introduction to Strategic History
6976:
3468:, who was hiding among the city's ruins, by supplying him with food and water.
3461:
3410:
3382:
2983:
2827:
2466:
2337:
2284:
2275:
fleet arm was eventually defeated due to Allied technological innovations like
2239:
The Treaty of Versailles disallowed submarines, while limiting the size of the
1873:
1390:
1202:
1098:
was limited to 115,000 men, and thus the armed forces, under the leadership of
835:
347:
9526:
9500:
9481:
9458:
8451:
The Myth of the Eastern Front: the Nazi-Soviet War in American Popular Culture
8396:
7334:
6259:
4361:
4099:
2228:
2059:
1129:
283:
13300:
12970:
10881:
10730:
10569:
9489:
9424:
8899:
8759:
8723:
8715:
8212:
8156:
8016:
Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 A Statistical Investigation
7833:
Israel and the Daughters of the Shoah: Reoccupying the Territories of Silence
7753:
7561:
7171:
7129:
6737:
6717:
6201:
3686:
3579:
3472:
3453:
3426:
3390:
3292:
writes that "There is now clear agreement amongst historians that the German
2157:
1963:
1189:, and thus became commander in chief. In February 1934, the Defence Minister
1081:
were forbidden and the air-force was dissolved. A new post-war military, the
856:
827:
807:
capacity to the breaking point, culminating in its first major defeat in the
782:
763:
616:
538:
231:
217:
8857:
Russian-German Special Relations in the Twentieth Century: A Closed Chapter?
7815:
6753:
6496:
5142:
3708:. The West German military, officially created on 5 May 1955, took the name
2430:
upon payment", however "in peacetime, no organizational connection with the
13269:
13073:
11359:
11264:
10895:
10258:
10022:
9609:
9586:
9440:
8805:
8801:
Returning Memories: Former Prisoners of War in Divided and Reunited Germany
7550:
Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal
7435:
7385:
7380:
The Blessed Abyss: Inmate #6582 in Ravensbruck Concentration Camp for Women
7341:
7303:
6887:
6729:
6246:
5465:
3701:
3666:
3641:
and therefore had fought as "honourably" as it. Its veterans organisation,
3541:
and the OKM to be "disbanded, completely liquidated and declared illegal".
3480:
3445:
3441:
3418:
3337:
3201:
3179:
3051:
2929:
2666:
2569:
2506:
2364:
2360:
2323:
2302:
were important as commerce raiders only in the opening year of the war. No
2241:
2209:
2152:
concentrated production on fighters and (small) tactical bombers, like the
2068:
1967:
1437:
1364:
1340:
1182:
1136:
1121:
1088:
774:
751:
709:
698:
694:
498:
367:
277:
179:
115:
65:
6272:
The Eastern Front, 1941–45: German Troops and the Barbarisation of Warfare
5215:
5213:
5211:
5198:
5196:
2991:
in occupied territories), the traditional armed forces represented by the
1858:, who was simultaneously renamed the Reich Minister of War. Following the
12908:
12894:
12556:
11218:
11039:
11024:
10378:
9420:
7634:
7612:
7588:
7463:. History of the Second World War. abridged (2nd rev. ed.). London:
6529:
6470:
Homecomings: returning POWs and the legacies of defeat in postwar Germany
6343:
6321:
6293:
6267:
5043:
3756:
3570:
3549:
Immediately following the end of the war, many were quick to dismiss the
3297:
3257:
3072:
2422:
and the army in order to end the feud between the two. The arming of the
2023:
1951:
1729:
1722:
1321:
1265:
1214:
1033:
1025:
906:
576:
488:
93:
9223:"German army instills new traditions to move away from troubled history"
8351:
6957:]. Translated by Greenwood, J. T. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
3526:, which formally surrendered to a Norwegian relief ship on 4 September.
2096:
were vital to the German army's early success. In the strategies of the
209:
12256:
12009:
11988:
10874:
10207:
10135:
9516:
9322:
8749:"Ein Judenratter aus der Wehrmacht. Feldwebel Anton Schmid (1900–1942)"
8002:
7823:
7497:
7418:
The Jewish enemy: Nazi propaganda during World War II and the Holocaust
7218:
5208:
5193:
4596:
3710:
3312:
3308:
3273:
3076:
2697:
1980:
1083:
1058:
986:
890:
787:
726:
590:
508:
483:
425:
415:
99:
8090:
The Unknown Eastern Front: The Wehrmacht and Hitler's Foreign Soldiers
6036:
5864:
5840:
3928:
3916:
12519:
11924:
11721:
11532:
11323:
11278:
9702:
9594:
9520:
8936:
8646:
The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy
8049:
Cross of Iron: The Rise and Fall of the German War Machine, 1918–1945
7355:
Hitler's Generals on Trial: The Last War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg
5513:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4499:
3730:). Its East German counterpart—created on 1 March 1956—took the name
3633:
3522:
unit to come under Allied control was an isolated weather station in
3449:
2977:
2523:
2380:
2132:
2114:
2022:
After Hitler declared war on the United States in December 1941, the
1911:
With the creation of the OKW, Hitler solidified his control over the
1375:
1346:
1274:
1078:
1070:
1066:
884:
715:
188:
31:
10799:
7210:
6748:] (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawn, Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej.
5561:
5342:
3272:
was an apolitical, professional fighting force that had only a few "
3268:
was a willing instrument of genocide and that it is untrue that the
2937:
a Soviet blitzkrieg in response devastated the retreating Wehrmacht.
2576:
Major campaigns and battles in Eastern and Central Europe included:
10783:
10511:
8585:. Studies in Maritime History. University of South Carolina Press.
7975:
War of Annihilation: Combat and Genocide on the Eastern Front, 1941
6561:
6379:
4448:
3697:
3523:
3456:, a reserve officer stationed near the Przemysl ghetto, blocked an
3209:
youth awaiting execution by German forces in Serbia, 20 August 1941
3157:
3047:, and often assisted them in rounding up civilians for executions.
2531:
conducted operations in the Western Theatre. The operations by the
2168:
would also be used to transport paratroopers, as first used during
1201:. Again, on his own initiative Blomberg had the armed forces adopt
1193:, acting on his own initiative, had all of the Jews serving in the
5489:
4619:
4617:
4496:
3637:
declared that the organisation had virtually been a branch of the
3043:
improved significantly. The common soldier had no qualms with the
7377:
Herbermann, Nanda; Baer, Hester; Baer, Elizabeth Roberts (2000).
5477:
3598:
also led to Soviets learning the tactic and using it against the
2901:
2434:
exists." The army was however allowed to check the budget of the
1682:
In the beginning, women in Nazi Germany were not involved in the
1449:
1398:
1228:
was announced on 16 March with the "Edict for the Buildup of the
1153:
1062:
548:
523:
513:
9240:"Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik für Historiker Wolfram Wette"
8180:
German U-Boat Losses During World War II: Details of Destruction
7779:
Germans to the Front: West German Rearmament in the Adenauer Era
7762:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
7286:
Operations Barbarossa: Nazi Germany's War in the East, 1941–1945
6722:
Crimes against Prisoners-of-War: Responsibility of the Wehrmacht
6595:
5130:
4367:
11400:
9991:
9666:
6060:
4923:
4851:
4791:
4614:
4015:
3515:
2340:. After the appointment of Karl Dönitz as Grand Admiral of the
2330:
to the Soviet port of Murmansk could be intercepted though the
2272:
2219:
1313:
values. However, with Hitler's constant wishes to increase the
533:
478:
9309:
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum—Holocaust Encyclopedia
8018:] (in Russian). Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University.
7236:
Jews, Germans, and Allies Close Encounters in Occupied Germany
6084:
5940:
5609:
5597:
4337:
4277:
4231:
4229:
4227:
3083:: "an estimated 300,000–500,000 people were killed during the
2509:'s armed forces umbrella command-organization. After 1941 the
1091:
was abolished under another mandate of the Versailles treaty.
79:
11588:
6450:
Fallen Elites: The Military Other in Post–Unification Germany
6375:
Resisting the Holocaust: Upstanders, Partisans, and Survivors
5305:
5303:
4995:
4682:
4680:
4241:
4197:
3689:, unknown to the general public and without mandate from the
2477:, in Italy and the Netherlands. The relationship between the
2280:
2276:
1966:
teams. Coupled with traditional war fighting methods such as
1331:
The effectiveness of officer training and recruitment by the
959:
of 1849 designated all German military forces as the "German
528:
108:
9539:
9178:"Exposed: The Secret Ex-Nazi Army That Guarded West Germany"
8583:
The Defeat of the German U-Boats: The Battle of the Atlantic
7205:(1). The President and Fellows of Harvard College: 124–126.
5816:
5708:
3769:
veterans in West Germany have received pensions through the
3284:, a leading expert on modern German history, wrote that the
3243:
had participated in wartime atrocities, particularly on the
2517:
Eastern Theatre higher-echelon command-organization for the
2136:
was officially established in 1935, under the leadership of
866:
During World War II about 18 million men served in the
735:) and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to
9154:
9050:[Sex Slaves of the Third Reich] (in Polish). Wprost
8978:
Christmann, Rainer M.; Tschentscher, A. (5 February 2018).
8772:
The Nemesis of Power: The German Army in Politics 1918–1945
8311:
7464:
5928:
4265:
4253:
4224:
4214:
4212:
3642:
3221:
following spring, 2.8 million of the 3.2 million
2306:
was operational, as German leadership lost interest in the
1074:
543:
9535:
Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide
8409:
War in the Wild East: the German Army and Soviet Partisans
7701:
German officer education in the interwar years (PhD diss.)
7530:
Countdown to Valkyrie: The July Plot to Assassinate Hitler
6893:
Plotting Hitler's Death—The Story of the German Resistance
6620:] (in Danish) (1 ed.). Lithuania: Gyldendal A/S.
6506:
Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg. Die Wehrmacht in Polen 1939
6491:. Windsor, England: Profile Publications. pp. 73–96.
6299:
Hitler's Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich
5669:
5657:
5621:
5383:
5381:
5332:
5330:
5300:
5106:
5084:
5082:
5055:
5019:
4677:
4665:
4289:
4087:
2804:
German tanks during a counter-attack in North Africa, 1942
2371:
757 U-boats, with more than 30,000 U-boat crewmen killed.
1879:
Placed under the OKW were the three branch High Commands:
913:
soldiers who invaded the USSR participated in war crimes.
823:
weaknesses in strategy, doctrine, and logistics apparent.
9180:. Center for the National Interest. The National Interest
8682:
Fighting power: German and US Army performance, 1939–1945
8626:
Sword and Swastika: Generals and Nazis in the Third Reich
8285:
Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia
7071:
Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II
6163:
6142:
5964:
5870:
5846:
5686:
5684:
5501:
5366:
5225:
4803:
4721:
4719:
4653:
4472:
4390:
4388:
4301:
4163:
4161:
3934:
3922:
3479:
soldiers are known for being executed for rescuing Jews:
2673:
units in the occupied territories behind Axis frontlines.
2528:
2527:
except for operational and tactical combat purposes. The
2510:
840:
death squads, the German armed forces committed numerous
493:
6024:
5792:
5573:
5549:
5441:
5429:
5405:
5393:
5290:
5288:
5249:
5031:
4983:
4863:
4563:
4209:
4134:
4063:
4051:
4039:
3452:. He was court-martialed and executed as a consequence.
3031:
and objected to the army committing war crimes with the
2995:
committed and ordered war crimes of their own (e.g. the
2469:
noted that every day the war continued the Army and the
1009:('Polish Wehrmacht', 'Polish Defense Force') in German.
9457:"How the Red Army Defeated Germany: The Three Alibis":
9366:. Hamburg Institute for Social Research. Archived from
8932:"Germany struggles to stop Nazi war payment suspicions"
7035:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 117–129.
6608:
6596:
Broszat, Martin; Buchheim, Hans; Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf;
5780:
5756:
5744:
5720:
5696:
5633:
5537:
5471:
5417:
5378:
5354:
5327:
5315:
5219:
5202:
5183:
5181:
5166:
5148:
5079:
4947:
4935:
4827:
4815:
4767:
4743:
4731:
4692:
4602:
4460:
4424:
4075:
3940:
3863:
of 8 May 1945. Reasserted in Proclamation No. 2 of the
3700:
led to the creation of separate military forces in the
3316:("Aryan master race") had living space. He wrote that:
1472:
and more than 10,000 serving in the guard force of the
1148:
carried out there along with other projects. In 1924 a
754:'s most overt and bellicose moves was to establish the
10653:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
9429:
Vernichtungskrieg – Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941–1944
8977:
8965:
Binkowski, Rafael; Wiegrefe, Klaus (21 October 2011).
8732:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
8411:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
6637:
The German Air Force, 1933–1945: An Anatomy of Failure
6487:
Bidlingmaier, Gerhard (1971). "KM Admiral Graf Spee".
6042:
5976:
5952:
5681:
5645:
5585:
5237:
4899:
4755:
4716:
4704:
4629:
4575:
4515:
4484:
4385:
4349:
4325:
4158:
3967:
3957:
3955:
3518:), or under Allied command as police forces. The last
3228:
1417:, while "non-Germanic" people were recruited into the
27:
Unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945
9527:"A Blind Eye and Dirty Hands: The Wehrmacht's Crimes"
9359:
Wildt, Michael; Jureit, Ulrike; Otte, Birgit (2004).
9063:
Groeneveld, Josh; Moynihan, Ruqayyah (3 April 2020).
5988:
5876:
5732:
5453:
5285:
5007:
4911:
4887:
4539:
3979:
3876:
Total GDP: 75 billion (1939) & 118 billion (1944)
3565:, who attempted to examine the military force of the
3529:
On 20 September 1945, with Proclamation No. 2 of the
3514:
units remained active, either independently (e.g. in
3280:
was a criminal organization. Likewise, the historian
3018:
Prior to the outbreak of war, Hitler informed senior
2130:
Originally outlawed by the Treaty of Versailles, the
13337:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946
8512:
The Waffen-SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War 1939–1945
8361:
The German Army and Nazi Policies in Occupied Russia
6955:
The Blitzkrieg Legend: The 1940 Campaign in the West
6508:(in German). Frankfurt: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag.
6096:
5852:
5828:
5768:
5273:
5261:
5178:
5154:
5118:
5094:
5067:
4971:
4959:
4875:
4839:
4551:
4527:
4436:
4412:
4400:
4313:
4185:
4122:
4027:
4003:
1950:
The German Army furthered concepts pioneered during
1735:
volunteer nurses in military health service, as the
9103:
8998:
8967:"How Waffen SS Veterans Exploited Postwar Politics"
8663:
8244:
Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg
7052:
Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East
6604:(in German). München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag.
6350:
Germany's War and the Holocaust: Disputed Histories
6206:
An Army at Dawn: The War in North Africa, 1942–1943
6048:
6012:
4857:
4779:
4641:
4509:
4454:
4373:
4021:
3991:
3952:
3027:officers initially showed a strong dislike for the
1358:in 1943, fitness and physical health standards for
9062:
8831:
8531:
7676:
7376:
6865:
6803:"The Crisis Deepens: The Outbreak of World War II"
6674:
6612:; Poulsen, Niels Bo; Smith, Peter Scharff (2015).
6347:
6066:
5567:
3364:given sentences ranging from time served to life.
1991:entered the war with a minority of its formations
1448:, Crimean Tatars, ethnic Ukrainians and Russians,
13332:Military units and formations established in 1935
9192:
9126:"The German military and its troubled traditions"
9018:
8964:
8698:
7892:Marston, Daniel; Malkasian, Carter, eds. (2008).
7594:Stalinism and Nazism: dictatorships in comparison
7571:The Second World War: The Eastern Front 1941–1945
7009:. Bloomington: Indian University Press. pp.
6090:
6000:
5804:
5525:
4929:
4623:
4173:
4146:
2409:In the beginning, there was friction between the
2374:
13298:
9480:"Fighting a Lost War: The German Army in 1943":
9323:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (n.d.).
9135:"Were US POWs Starved to Death in German Camps?"
8129:Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan Reed (2001).
7891:
7759:Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country
6681:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
6072:
5495:
3367:
2148:campaigns (Poland, France 1940, USSR 1941). The
2105:could quickly kill or capture the enemy troops.
1718:telephone, telegraph and transmission operators,
1436:also made substantial use of personnel from the
9358:
8766:
7877:. New York City: Bloomsbury. pp. 117–141.
7348:(Upper Hutt: Military Studies Institute, 2000).
7054:. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.
6522:
6401:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
5946:
5615:
5603:
4343:
4283:
4247:
4203:
3677:Following the division of Germany, many former
3594:to do the impossible. The continued use of the
2489:was never considered "the fourth branch of the
1732:services, and auxiliary civil defense personnel
8131:A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War
7508:
7073:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
6983:. Westpoint: Meckler Press. pp. 494–520.
6915:(in German). Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik.
6126:The Hitler Salute: On the Meaning of a Gesture
5112:
3544:
3197:German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war
1743:They were placed under the same authority as (
10007:
9965:German persecution of Soviet prisoners of war
9555:
9033:. Berlin: Reich Ministry of Interior: 609–614
8880:Zeiler, Thomas W.; DuBois, Daniel M. (2012).
8444:
8263:The German Wars: A Concise History, 1859–1945
8196:
8151:
8128:
7954:. Lawrence, Kansas: Kansas University Press.
7660:. South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military.
7238:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
7069:Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. (1985).
6399:Twelve Turning Points of the Second World War
5914:
5483:
4271:
4259:
4235:
3510:, which went into effect on 8 May 1945, some
3495:German Instrument of Surrender, 8 May 1945 –
3393:surveying the damage made by the 20 July plot
3356:and others, were convicted of war crimes and
3132:German troops marching civilians to execution
1257:on 21 May 1935. Hitler's proclamation of the
1003:during the First World War were known as the
9157:"Judgement : The Accused Organizations"
8879:
8838:(3rd ed.). London: Longman Publishers.
8556:The German Army and the Defence of the Reich
8472:The Oxford Handbook of Modern German History
8308:Royal Air Force 1939–1945: The Fight at Odds
8287:. New York City: Columbia University Press.
7736:Russia & USSR at War in the 20th century
7114:. Toronto: Hushion House. pp. 413–452.
6699:Aircraft of the 8th Army Air Force 1942–1945
6614:Waffen-SS : Europas nazistiske soldater
6486:
5001:
4797:
3854:
3763:soldiers, only 16 bases have changed names.
3288:was a genocidal organization. The historian
1425:were declared "ethnic Germans" and drafted.
1281:
1047:
1041:
984:
970:
964:
950:
944:
844:(despite later denials and promotion of the
833:
724:
186:
177:
168:
113:
91:
85:
57:
42:
9471:U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
9132:
9019:documentArchiv.de, ed. (3 February 2004) .
8676:
8489:
8114:. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
8070:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
7995:Geschichte und Zukunft der Luftlandetruppen
7068:
6128:. Translated by Chase, Jefferson. Picador.
5934:
5894:
5579:
5061:
5025:
4597:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum n.d
4069:
3747:). Both organizations employed many former
3715:
3239:Among German historians, the view that the
3108:
1699:
1288:Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts
678:
10014:
10000:
9562:
9548:
9385:
8829:
8684:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
8279:
7730:
7308:"Their Wehrmacht was better than our Army"
6764:Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory
6181:
5786:
5507:
5309:
3946:
3010:
2539:and their remoteness from other theatres.
2449:Though there existed conflict between the
2442:troops. In the event of mobilization, the
2172:. Due to the Army's sway with Hitler, the
78:
51:
7868:
7714:Täterinnen. Frauen im Nationalsozialismus
7697:
7233:
7194:
5519:
4569:
4490:
3605:
2496:
1844:in August 1934. With the creation of the
1651:
9948:German military brothels in World War II
9513:Soldaten: On Fighting, Killing and Dying
9436:Wehrmacht Propaganda Troops and the Jews
9394:. The World Holocaust Remembrance Center
9338:
9281:
9260:
9133:Le Faucheur, Christelle (23 July 2018).
9086:"Battle of the Atlantic in World War II"
8599:
8454:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
8403:
8377:
8301:
8238:
8009:
7968:
7946:
7912:
7711:
7641:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
7619:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
7302:
7280:
7252:
6951:Blitzkrieg-legende: der westfeldzug 1940
6809:. Shepperton, Surrey: Cengage Learning.
6702:. USAAF Illustrated. Big Bird Aviation.
6656:The Second World War: a Military History
6653:
6523:Bönisch, Georg; Wiegrefe, Klaus (2008).
6446:
6200:
6030:
5994:
5918:
5898:
5882:
5798:
5663:
5447:
5321:
5255:
5073:
5049:
4845:
4821:
4773:
4659:
4608:
4108:
4093:
3985:
3973:
3652:
3490:
3483:, Friedrich Rath and Friedrich Winking.
3421:(1944), when a group of officers led by
3377:
3200:
3142:German military brothels in World War II
3138:Anti-partisan operations in World War II
3127:
3112:
2895:
2875:
2799:
2795:
2681:
2563:
2438:and inspect the combat readiness of the
2384:
2223:
2118:
2053:
1937:
1819:
1807:
1670:
1369:
1291:
1016:
9523:, a Canadian public television station.
9494:U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center
9416:The Wehrmacht: A Criminal Organization?
9305:"The German Military and the Holocaust"
9221:Scholz, Kay-Alexander (28 March 2018).
9083:
9023:[Military Law of 21 May 1935].
8944:
8852:
8797:
8788:
8666:"Chapter I: The German Military System"
8492:The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany
8425:
8358:
8335:
8177:
7992:
7674:
7633:
7611:
7587:
7546:
7513:. HarperCollins Distribution Services.
7458:
7434:
7318:
7135:Defining and Achieving Decisive Victory
7027:
6997:
6971:
6948:
6929:
6910:
6826:World War II: An Illustrated Miscellany
6724:. Warszawa: Zachodnia Agencja Prasowa.
6695:
6576:
6549:Journal of Women in Culture and Society
6453:. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
6368:
6328:. London: Blackwell. pp. 129–150.
6326:The Third Reich: The Essential Readings
6222:
6102:
5982:
5822:
5762:
5750:
5726:
5690:
5543:
5423:
5387:
5136:
5124:
5037:
5013:
4905:
4893:
4761:
4725:
4710:
4686:
4671:
4635:
4581:
4521:
4394:
4355:
4331:
4295:
4167:
4057:
1783:By 1945, 500,000 women were serving as
1354:were stepped up as well. Following the
701:from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the
14:
13299:
11868:
11846:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
9220:
9123:
8999:Department of State (15 August 2016).
8898:
8623:
8580:
8552:
8260:
8224:(in Danish). Copenhagen: Hasselbalch.
8106:
8084:
8065:
8046:
8032:
7849:
7830:
7655:
7509:Hughes, Terry; Costello, John (1977).
7351:
7087:
6934:(in German). New York, NY: Continuum.
6800:
6781:
6760:
6736:
6716:
6634:
6503:
6419:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies
6342:
6320:
6292:
6266:
6184:Management and Organization in Germany
6123:
6054:
6018:
5738:
5675:
5651:
5639:
5627:
5591:
5555:
5411:
5399:
5372:
5348:
5294:
5243:
5100:
5088:
4989:
4977:
4965:
4953:
4941:
4917:
4809:
4749:
4737:
4698:
4557:
4545:
4478:
4466:
4442:
4430:
4379:
4319:
4307:
4191:
4112:
4081:
4045:
3961:
3648:
3190:
2062:(anti-tank) battalion, part of the 21
991:, a name that was dropped in favor of
610:History of Germany during World War II
294:
263:
12724:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
12149:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
11795:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
11751:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
10849:Rape during the occupation of Germany
9995:
9543:
9302:
8746:
8729:The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality
8722:
8642:
8529:
8508:
8475:. New York: Oxford University Press.
8468:
8219:
8010:Mikhalev, Sergey Nikolaevich (2000).
7799:
7776:
7752:
7568:
7527:
7481:
7049:
6863:
6842:
6823:
6786:. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Ltd.
6672:
6467:
6415:
5970:
5858:
5774:
5702:
5472:Christensen, Poulsen & Smith 2015
5459:
5435:
5360:
5336:
5267:
5231:
5220:Christensen, Poulsen & Smith 2015
5203:Christensen, Poulsen & Smith 2015
5187:
5172:
5160:
5149:Christensen, Poulsen & Smith 2015
4881:
4869:
4785:
4647:
4533:
4418:
4406:
4218:
4179:
4152:
4140:
4128:
4116:
4033:
4009:
3997:
3486:
2989:Final Solution of the Jewish Question
2810:Mediterranean Theatre of World War II
2413:and the army, as the army feared the
1762:general government of occupied Poland
1338:As the Second World War intensified,
1159:
664:
11839:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
10864:Rape during the liberation of France
9341:"Nazi Veterans Created Illegal Army"
9237:
9175:
9155:Lillian Goldman Law Library (2008).
9045:
8793:. London: Conway Maritime Press Ltd.
8051:. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
7810:(1). Blackwell Publishers: 133–154.
7683:. London & New York: Routledge.
7441:The Destruction of the European Jews
7415:
7170:
7128:
7106:
6896:. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
6886:
6396:
6354:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
6243:
6006:
5958:
5922:
5902:
5834:
5810:
5714:
5531:
5279:
4833:
3810:Bribery of senior Wehrmacht officers
3786:) from the government. According to
3436:did save Jews and non-Jews from the
3174:To combat German officials' fear of
2144:, it was a key element in the early
2076:The German Army was managed through
2015:(April 1941) and the early stage of
1803:
1747:), auxiliary personnel of the army (
1087:, was established on 23 March 1921.
955:meaning "British Armed Forces". The
723:" replaced the previously used term
9499:"Mindset of WWII German Soldiers":
8980:"BVerfGE 36, 1 – Grundlagenvertrag"
8929:
7895:Counterinsurgency in Modern Warfare
7873:. In El-Affendi, Abdelwahab (ed.).
7288:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6545:
6078:
3669:being sworn into the newly founded
3229:Criminal and genocidal organization
2830:, and may be considered a separate
1243:Gesetz für den Aufbau der Wehrmacht
24:
12065:German invasion of the Netherlands
10338:Weather events during World War II
9492:, via the official channel of the
9282:Trueman, Chris N. (18 May 2015b).
9261:Trueman, Chris N. (14 May 2015a).
8553:Strohn, Matthias (November 2010).
8246:(in German). München: Oldenbourg.
7783:University of North Carolina Press
6746:55 days of the Wehrmacht in Poland
6164:Allied Control Authority (1946b).
6043:Christmann & Tschentscher 2018
3755:. However, according to historian
3696:By the mid-1950s, tensions of the
3225:taken died while in German hands.
3050:The Army's Chief of Staff General
2839:Invasion of the Balkans and Greece
2777:Allied invasion of southern France
2677:
2553:
2271:, the initially successful German
2200:was no longer an effective force.
2140:. First gaining experience in the
979:also appears in Article 47 of the
930:" stems from the compound word of
791:(lightning war). Its campaigns in
25:
13348:
13322:1946 disestablishments in Germany
12703:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
9828:Flag officers of the Kriegsmarine
9818:Foreign volunteers and conscripts
9708:General der Nachrichtenaufklärung
9533:, via the YouTube channel of the
9408:
9388:"The Righteous Among The Nations"
9176:Peck, Michael (4 February 2017).
9048:"Seksualne niewolnice III Rzeszy"
9046:Gmyz, Cezary (22 November 2007).
8791:Warship 31: Graf Zeppelin, Part 1
8699:von Bischofhausen, Otto (1950) .
8430:(in French). Jean-Claude Lattès.
8265:. Minneapolis, MN: Zenith Press.
6618:Waffen-SS: Europe's Nazi soldiers
5052:, pp. 223–225, 233, 236–237.
3820:Glossary of German military terms
3619:Soon after the war ended, former
2872:German casualties in World War II
2686:German soldiers in occupied Paris
2312:which had been launched in 1938.
2019:in the Soviet Union (June 1941).
1739:or other voluntary organizations.
1270:remilitarization of the Rhineland
1197:given an automatic and immediate
13263:
10021:
9361:"Crimes of the German Wehrmacht"
8672:– via Hyperwar Foundation.
8628:. New York: Barnes & Noble.
7444:. New York: Holmes & Meier.
5568:Herbermann, Baer & Baer 2000
3892:
3853:The official dissolution of the
3326:The Eastern Front; Hitler's Army
3324:for Aryans. ... As Bartov (
2009:Belgium, France, and Netherlands
1132:were in a minority before 1939.
975:(land force). In 1919, the term
9339:Wiegrefe, Klaus (14 May 2014).
9200:Die Verfassungen in Deutschland
8945:Axelrod, Toby (27 March 2019).
8222:Danmark under anden verdenskrig
7869:Markovich, Slobodan G. (2014).
7532:. Philadelphia, PA.: Casemate.
7141:. Strategic Studies Institute.
7033:Russia War, Peace and Diplomacy
6111:
3879:
3693:or the West German government.
3148:Category:World War II massacres
2216:Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)
2123:German paratroopers landing on
1296:Inspection of German conscripts
1213:, the entire military took the
1040:, the armed forces were dubbed
815:proved no match to that of the
13317:1935 establishments in Germany
12950:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
10646:Territorial changes of Germany
10554:Indonesian National Revolution
9515:, via the official channel of
9507:—interview with the historian
9473:, via the official channel of
9446:The Nazi German Army 1935–1945
8559:. Cambridge University Press.
8538:. Herndon, VA: Potomac Books.
8490:Stackelberg, Roderick (2007).
7597:. Cambridge University Press.
7547:Joosten, Paul A., ed. (1947).
7346:Adolf Hitler and Joint Warfare
7259:. Cambridge University Press.
6472:. Princeton University Press.
6067:Groeneveld & Moynihan 2020
5871:Allied Control Authority 1946b
5847:Allied Control Authority 1946a
3935:Allied Control Authority 1946b
3923:Allied Control Authority 1946a
3870:
3861:German Instrument of Surrender
3847:
2841:(Operation Marita) (1940–1941)
2375:Coexistence with the Waffen-SS
1942:"Foot-mobile" infantry of the
1714:), participating in tasks as:
1456:who had left Russia after the
1428:After Germany's defeat in the
1036:ended with the signing of the
719:(air force). The designation "
13:
1:
12343:Japanese invasion of Thailand
12294:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
12058:German invasion of Luxembourg
10432:Mediterranean and Middle East
9833:Luftwaffe personnel structure
9569:
9163:. Lillian Goldman Law Library
9021:"Wehrgesetz Vom 21. Mai 1935"
8904:Marshal of Victory, Volume II
8830:Williamson, David G. (2002).
8469:Smith, Helmut Walser (2011).
8163:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
8112:Hitler's Wehrmacht, 1935–1945
8066:Müller, Klaus-Jürgen (1987).
7978:. Rowman & Littelefield.
7738:(in Russian). Moscow: Veche.
6602:Anatomie des SS-Staates Vol.1
6091:Binkowski & Wiegrefe 2011
5616:Wildt, Jureit & Otte 2004
5604:Wildt, Jureit & Otte 2004
5351:, pp. 183–184, 189, 241.
3905:
3397:Originally, there was little
3368:Resistance to the Nazi regime
3117:Civilians executed by German
2956:Consequences of German Nazism
2945:
2865:
2739:German invasion of Luxembourg
2426:was to be "procured from the
2367:. The submarine war cost the
1177:After the death of President
1038:armistice of 11 November 1918
1012:
826:Closely cooperating with the
739:to a greater extent than the
12250:Invasion of the Soviet Union
11939:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
11250:Independent State of Croatia
8798:Wienand, Christiane (2015).
8664:U.S. War Department (1945).
8426:Sigmund, Anna-Maria (2004).
8133:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
7952:Inside Hitler's High Command
7482:Huber, Ernst Rudolf (2000).
7420:. Harvard University Press.
7322:Journal of Strategic Studies
6949:Frieser, Karl-Heinz (2005).
6525:"Schandfleck der Geschichte"
6432:10.1080/13518046.2014.932630
5496:Marston & Malkasian 2008
3910:
3005:war against the Soviet Union
2692:Western Front (World War II)
2560:Eastern Front (World War II)
2336:spent most of her career as
2258:Anglo-German Naval Agreement
2233:Saint-Nazaire submarine base
2108:
1395:invasion of the Soviet Union
921:
909:, most of the three million
98:, a stylized version of the
7:
13241:End of World War II in Asia
13081:Western invasion of Germany
12588:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
12565:Second Battle of El Alamein
12128:Hundred Regiments Offensive
12100:Battle of the Mediterranean
11953:Italian invasion of Albania
10120:Air warfare of World War II
9960:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
9943:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
9529:– lecture by the historian
9284:"The Battle of Barents Sea"
9238:Timm, Sylvia (4 May 2015).
9204:(in German). Archived from
9124:Knight, Ben (16 May 2017).
8906:. Pen and Sword Books Ltd.
8882:A Companion to World War II
8861:. New York: Berg. pp.
8789:Whitley, M.J. (July 1984).
8261:Palmer, Michael A. (2010).
8182:. London: Frontline Books.
8033:Miller, Charles A. (2013).
7854:. London: Macmillan Press.
7803:The Economic History Review
7198:The Business History Review
7092:. Schiffer Publishing Ltd.
6932:Nazi Germany: A New History
6911:Fischer, Alexander (1985).
6801:Duiker, William J. (2015).
6610:Christensen, Claus Bundgård
6182:Armbrüster, Thomas (2005).
5947:Bönisch & Wiegrefe 2008
3835:Wehrmacht Propaganda Troops
3815:German resistance to Nazism
3803:
3771:War Victims' Assistance Act
3702:Federal Republic of Germany
3561:Israeli military historian
3545:Military operational legacy
3374:German resistance to Nazism
2999:), particularly during the
2952:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
2249:, the navy was renamed the
1922:
1872:(OKW), under Field Marshal
1385:Prior to World War II, the
1363:propaganda, the oldest and
1253:was officially renamed the
102:seen in varying proportions
10:
13353:
13167:Naval bombardment of Japan
12528:First Battle of El Alamein
12447:Battle of Christmas Island
12392:Japanese invasion of Burma
12156:Italian invasion of Greece
12072:German invasion of Belgium
12044:German invasion of Denmark
12017:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
11886:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
10143:Comparative military ranks
9823:Bribery of senior officers
9677:Office for General Affairs
9475:Dole Institute of Politics
9325:"Women in the Third Reich"
8754:. In Müller, Julia (ed.).
7932:10.1177/096834459700400104
7781:. Chapel Hill and London:
7777:Large, David Clay (1996).
7716:(in German). Böhlau Köln.
7712:Kompisch, Kathrin (2008).
7617:Hitler: 1936–1945, Nemesis
7360:University Press of Kansas
6864:Evans, Richard J. (2008).
6843:Evans, Richard J. (1989).
6824:Evans, Anthony A. (2005).
6807:Contemporary World History
6742:55 Dni Wehrmachtu w Polsce
6116:
5113:Hughes & Costello 1977
3706:German Democratic Republic
3609:
3371:
3260:, a leading expert on the
3232:
3194:
3145:
3135:
3001:invasion of Poland in 1939
2960:Nazi human experimentation
2949:
2920:According to Frank Biess,
2869:
2816:Axis Mediterranean Theatre
2807:
2791:air-campaign, 1939 to 1945
2713:German invasion of Denmark
2689:
2660:security divisions of the
2640:(Operation Citadel) (1943)
2557:
2378:
2328:convoys from North America
2315:Following the loss of the
2283:, and the breaking of the
2213:
2207:
2112:
1946:, in the Soviet Union 1942
1931:
1894:Oberkommando der Luftwaffe
1869:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht
1664:
1658:
1285:
1163:
896:foreign collaborator units
855:against the Soviet Union,
339:Commander-in-chief of the
29:
13256:
13088:Bratislava–Brno offensive
13028:
13019:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
12756:
12643:Allied invasion of Sicily
12597:
12496:Aleutian Islands campaign
12468:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
12415:
12406:Greek famine of 1941–1944
12301:Second Battle of Changsha
12206:German invasion of Greece
12174:
12051:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
12026:
11964:
11859:
11740:
11466:
11376:
11217:
10920:
10911:
10669:
10494:
10386:North and Central Pacific
10347:
10109:
10102:
10029:
9978:
9935:
9913:German military equipment
9905:
9873:
9841:
9813:
9806:
9760:
9716:
9685:
9659:
9652:
9602:
9577:
9451:
9288:historylearningsite.co.uk
9267:historylearningsite.co.uk
9225:. Deutsche Welle. DW News
9084:Hickman, Kennedy (2015).
8922:
8884:. John Wiley & Sons.
8609:(2nd ed.). Picador.
8448:; Davies, Edward (2008).
8397:10.1191/0266355403gh274oa
8302:Richards, Denis (1974) .
7335:10.1080/01402399908437771
7234:Grossmann, Atina (2009).
6872:. New York, NY: Penguin.
6654:Corrigan, Gordon (2011).
6447:Bickford, Andrew (2011).
6260:10.1017/S0032247400007142
6223:Balfour, Michael (2005).
5484:Neitzel & Welzer 2012
4272:Murray & Millett 2001
4260:Murray & Millett 2001
4236:Murray & Millett 2001
3264:, wrote in 2003 that the
2964:Nazi propaganda had told
2900:A German war cemetery in
2745:Battle of the Netherlands
2722:– 9 April to 10 June 1940
2658:– largely carried out by
2346:Battle of the Barents Sea
2344:(in the aftermath of the
2181:Combined Bomber Offensive
1644:
1282:Personnel and recruitment
916:
615:
605:
600:
585:
559:
464:
457:
438:
405:
400:
389:
379:
366:
358:
353:
337:
321:
293:
262:
255:
199:
159:
141:
123:
107:
77:
50:
41:
13327:Military of Nazi Germany
12680:Allied invasion of Italy
12657:Solomon Islands campaign
12399:Third Battle of Changsha
11996:First Battle of Changsha
11902:Second Sino-Japanese War
10835:German military brothels
10701:United States war crimes
9923:German military aircraft
9140:The National WWII Museum
8930:AFP (28 February 2019).
8624:Taylor, Telford (1995).
8530:Stone, David J. (2006).
8428:Les femmes du IIIe Reich
8135:Harvard University Press
8092:. New York: I.B.Tauris.
7993:Merglen, Albert (1970).
7707:. University of Glasgow.
7675:Kitchen, Martin (1994).
7658:The Luftwaffe: A History
7569:Jukes, Geoffrey (2002).
7459:Hinsley, F. H. (1994) .
7352:Hebert, Valerie (2010).
6635:Cooper, Matthew (1981).
6577:Broszat, Martin (1985).
6144:Allied Control Authority
4858:History.com Editors 2010
4798:Zeiler & DuBois 2012
4510:U.S. War Department 1945
4455:U.S. War Department 1945
4022:Department of State 2016
3840:
3830:Nazism and the Wehrmacht
3825:Glossary of Nazi Germany
3691:Allied Control Authority
3109:Crimes against civilians
2753:– 10 May to 25 June 1940
2581:Czechoslovakian campaign
2256:With the signing of the
2187:deliberately forced the
1876:, was put in its place.
1474:Russian Protective Corps
1460:joined the ranks of the
30:Not to be confused with
13102:Second Guangxi campaign
12957:Philippines (1944–1945)
12454:Battle of the Coral Sea
12357:Fall of the Philippines
12003:Battle of South Guangxi
11909:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
11308:Italian Social Republic
9105:"Germans invade Poland"
8747:Wette, Wolfram (2014).
8515:. Cerberus Publishing.
8509:Stein, George (2002) .
8494:. New York: Routledge.
7850:Maiolo, Joseph (1998).
7816:10.1111/1468-0289.00086
7698:Kjoerstad, Ola (2010).
7253:Harrison, Mark (2000).
7088:Girbig, Werner (1975).
7050:Fritz, Stephen (2011).
6930:Fischer, Klaus (1995).
6761:Davies, Norman (2006).
6639:. Jane's Publications.
6533:(in German) (15): 50–52
6504:Böhler, Jochen (2006).
6304:Oxford University Press
6229:. New York: Routledge.
6124:Allert, Tilman (2009).
5717:, pp. 104–05, 107.
5062:Garzke & Dulin 1985
5026:Garzke & Dulin 1985
3784:Bundesversorgungsgesetz
3504:unconditional surrender
3358:crimes against humanity
3249:exhibition of war crime
2485:improved; however, the
2317:German battleship
2203:
1934:German Army (1935–1945)
1927:
1888:Oberkommando der Marine
1882:Oberkommando des Heeres
1860:Blomberg-Fritsch Affair
1721:administrative clerks,
1709:Female Wehrmacht Helper
1678:in occupied Paris, 1940
1468:, with 1,500 acting as
1442:Caucasian Muslim Legion
1219:unconditional obedience
1032:In January 1919, after
595:(€1090 million in 2021)
572:Second Spanish Republic
13312:Disbanded armed forces
12687:Armistice of Cassibile
12482:Battle of Dutch Harbor
12433:Battle of the Java Sea
12336:Attack on Pearl Harbor
12236:Syria–Lebanon campaign
12229:Battle of South Shanxi
12199:Invasion of Yugoslavia
11982:Battle of the Atlantic
11596:Korean Liberation Army
11302:(until September 1943)
11259:(until September 1944)
11237:(until September 1944)
9982:Uranverein|Uranprojekt
8758:(in German). Lucerne:
8581:Syrett, David (2010).
8359:Schulte, Theo (1989).
8178:Niestle, Axel (2014).
7997:(in German). Rombach.
7831:Lenten, Ronit (2000).
7732:Krivosheev, Grigori F.
7511:Battle of the Atlantic
7416:Herf, Jeffrey (2006).
7392:Wayne State University
6868:The Third Reich at War
6849:. New York: Pantheon.
6673:Craig, Gordon (1980).
6186:. Ashgate Publishing.
4930:documentArchiv.de 2004
4624:documentArchiv.de 2004
3887:the Wiktionary article
3865:Allied Control Council
3855:
3783:
3744:
3732:National People's Army
3674:
3631:myth, veterans of the
3606:Historical negationism
3531:Allied Control Council
3499:
3423:Claus von Stauffenberg
3394:
3330:
3210:
3133:
3125:
3094:in the Soviet Union."
2939:
2927:
2904:
2893:
2852:North African Campaign
2820:North African Campaign
2805:
2765:Battle of the Atlantic
2687:
2632:Battle of the Caucasus
2573:
2497:Theatres and campaigns
2406:
2269:Battle of the Atlantic
2236:
2127:
2073:
1972:battle of annihilation
1947:
1829:
1817:
1797:
1757:
1679:
1401:against the so-called
1382:
1297:
1242:
1199:dishonorable discharge
1185:assumed the office of
1048:
1042:
1029:
1024:soldiers swearing the
985:
971:
965:
957:Frankfurt Constitution
951:
945:
940:
834:
801:North Africa (1941/42)
725:
430:(€359 billion in 2021)
187:
178:
169:
147:; 79 years ago
129:; 89 years ago
114:
92:
86:
58:
43:
12851:Second Battle of Guam
12747:Bengal famine of 1943
12717:Second Battle of Kiev
12673:Battle of the Dnieper
12542:Kokoda Track campaign
12371:Battle of Wake Island
12243:East African campaign
12185:Battle of South Henan
11830:atrocities by Germans
11603:Korean Volunteer Army
10577:Occupation of Germany
10331:Music in World War II
9781:Inspector of Fighters
9698:Army Personnel Office
9643:Wehrmachtbefehlshaber
9290:. HistoryLearningSite
9269:. HistoryLearningSite
8774:. London: Macmillan.
8768:Wheeler-Bennett, John
8649:. New York: Penguin.
8339:German Studies Review
8281:Pavlowitch, Stevan K.
8220:Outze, Børge (1962).
8047:Mosier, John (2006).
7970:Megargee, Geoffrey P.
7948:Megargee, Geoffrey P.
7914:Megargee, Geoffrey P.
7898:. Osprey Publishing.
7656:Killen, John (2003).
7528:Jones, Nigel (2008).
6767:. London: Pan Books.
6696:Darling, Kev (2008).
6468:Biess, Frank (2006).
6397:Bell, P.M.H. (2011).
3889:for more information.
3656:
3494:
3381:
3332:Several high-ranking
3318:
3204:
3131:
3116:
3092:Nazi security warfare
3011:Cooperation with the
2934:
2922:
2899:
2879:
2803:
2796:Mediterranean theatre
2685:
2656:Nazi security warfare
2599:(1941), conducted by
2568:German troops in the
2567:
2388:
2227:
2194:Operation Bodenplatte
2122:
2078:mission-based tactics
2057:
2013:Yugoslavia and Greece
1941:
1823:
1811:
1785:Wehrmachtshelferinnen
1696:Wehrmachtshelferinnen
1674:
1667:Women in Nazi Germany
1373:
1295:
1211:Walther von Reichenau
1164:Further information:
1124:, a close protégé of
1049:Vorläufige Reichswehr
1020:
963:", consisting of the
861:Nazi security warfare
662:German pronunciation:
504:Dornier Flugzeugwerke
424:89 billion
420:(€85 billion in 2021)
414:19 billion
13137:Surrender of Germany
12615:Battle of West Hubei
12572:Guadalcanal campaign
12535:Battle of Stalingrad
12461:Battle of Madagascar
11228:Albania protectorate
11015:(formerly Swaziland)
10724:Wehrmacht war crimes
10540:Expulsion of Germans
10324:Art and World War II
10222:British contribution
10171:Governments in exile
9786:Inspector of Bombers
9531:Geoffrey P. Megargee
9511:discussing his book
9208:on 24 September 2017
9001:"RG 84: Switzerland"
8643:Tooze, Adam (2006).
8200:Marine Corps Gazette
7358:. Lawrence, Kansas:
6784:German Army Handbook
6658:. London: Atlantic.
5825:, pp. 322, 324.
5151:, pp. 433, 438.
4344:Wheeler-Bennett 1967
4284:Wheeler-Bennett 1967
4248:Wheeler-Bennett 1967
4204:Wheeler-Bennett 1967
3745:Nationale Volksarmee
3539:Ministry of Aviation
3440:and/or mass murder.
3432:Some members of the
3346:Georg-Hans Reinhardt
3336:officers, including
3205:Sixteen blindfolded
3152:During the war, the
2972:SS-Totenkopfverbände
2822:were conducted as a
2789:Defense of the Reich
2708:Operation Weserübung
2626:Battle of Stalingrad
2597:Operation Barbarossa
2235:in France, June 1941
2185:Defence of the Reich
2170:Operation Weserübung
2154:Messerschmitt Bf 109
2017:Operation Barbarossa
1954:, combining ground (
1676:Wehrmachthelferinnen
1430:Battle of Stalingrad
1356:Battle of Stalingrad
1300:Recruitment for the
1187:President of Germany
1150:fighter-pilot school
1089:General conscription
1054:Treaty of Versailles
969:(sea force) and the
741:Treaty of Versailles
666:[ˈveːɐ̯maxt]
308:Adolf Hitler (first)
13227:Potsdam Declaration
13116:Italy (Spring 1945)
12879:Liberation of Paris
12329:Siege of Sevastopol
11340:(until August 1944)
11243:Wang Jingwei regime
11065:from September 1943
11025:from September 1944
10963:from September 1944
10823:Romanian war crimes
10814:Persecution of Jews
10800:Croatian war crimes
10770:Japanese war crimes
10584:Occupation of Japan
10533:First Indochina War
10245:Military production
10157:Declarations of war
9703:Army Weapons Agency
9386:Yad Vashem (n.d.).
8951:The Times of Israel
8678:Van Creveld, Martin
8601:Szpilman, Władysław
8314:. pp. 94–116.
8108:Müller, Rolf-Dieter
8086:Müller, Rolf-Dieter
7679:Nazi Germany at War
7639:Hitler: A Biography
7312:The Washington Post
7282:Hartmann, Christian
6782:Davies, W. (1973).
6581:. London: Longman.
6226:Withstanding Hitler
6174:Library of Congress
6156:Library of Congress
5678:, pp. 216–219.
5630:, pp. 131–132.
5486:, pp. 136–143.
5474:, pp. 435–436.
5234:, pp. 366–368.
4872:, pp. 125–130.
4836:, pp. 95, 108.
4812:, pp. 110–111.
4800:, pp. 171–172.
4689:, pp. 105–106.
4674:, pp. 104–105.
4481:, pp. 292–293.
4368:Broszat et al. 1999
4310:, pp. 382–383.
4298:, pp. 106–111.
4221:, pp. 424–432.
4143:, pp. 195–250.
3789:The Times of Israel
3673:on 12 November 1955
3649:Post-war militaries
3438:concentration camps
3300:concludes that the
3255:Holocaust historian
3191:Crimes against POWs
3160:in occupied areas.
2747:– 10 to 17 May 1940
2650:Operation Bagration
2001:invasions of Poland
1856:Werner von Blomberg
1842:Paul von Hindenburg
1380:Free Arabian Legion
1191:Werner von Blomberg
1179:Paul von Hindenburg
1152:was established at
1052:. The terms of the
1006:Polnische Wehrmacht
981:Weimar Constitution
952:Britische Wehrmacht
853:war of annihilation
797:Soviet Union (1941)
693:) were the unified
333:Werner von Blomberg
312:Werner von Blomberg
232:52.1826°N 13.4741°E
227: /
72:(1938–1945 version)
64:, the war flag and
13220:Surrender of Japan
13053:Battle of Iwo Jima
12902:Belgrade offensive
12308:Siege of Leningrad
12192:Battle of Shanggao
12121:British Somaliland
12086:Dunkirk evacuation
12037:Norwegian campaign
11975:Invasion of Poland
11802:Japanese prisoners
10763:Italian war crimes
10694:British war crimes
10609:Soviet occupations
10393:South-West Pacific
10280:Allied cooperation
10238:Military equipment
9970:High Command Trial
9918:Kriegsmarine ships
9373:on 8 December 2018
9071:. Business Insider
8804:. Rochester, N.Y:
8701:"The Hostage Case"
8042:. Duke University.
7835:. Berghahn Books.
7573:. Oxford: Osprey.
7158:on 27 January 2018
6677:Germany, 1866–1945
6276:St. Martin's Press
5973:, p. 236-238.
5522:, s. 139, note 17.
5438:, pp. 92–134.
5375:, pp. 146–47.
4992:, pp. xi–xii.
4096:, pp. 85–108.
4048:, pp. 90–119.
3675:
3612:Myth of the clean
3582:believed that the
3575:Rolf-Dieter Müller
3563:Martin van Creveld
3500:
3487:After World War II
3466:Władysław Szpilman
3395:
3362:High Command Trial
3235:High Command Trial
3211:
3134:
3126:
2905:
2894:
2806:
2783:Ardennes Offensive
2771:Battle of Normandy
2720:Norwegian Campaign
2688:
2587:Invasion of Poland
2574:
2537:area of operations
2407:
2237:
2128:
2074:
2033:Siege of Leningrad
2005:Denmark and Norway
2003:(September 1939),
1948:
1834:commander-in-chief
1830:
1818:
1680:
1458:Russian Revolution
1383:
1298:
1181:on 2 August 1934,
1173:German re-armament
1160:Nazi rise to power
1126:Alfred von Tirpitz
1030:
943:, "to defend" and
846:myth of the clean
748:Nazi rise to power
567:Kingdom of Hungary
519:Henschel & Son
465:Domestic suppliers
426:ℛ︁ℳ︁
416:ℛ︁ℳ︁
374:compulsory service
295:Commander-in-chief
171:Heer (German Army)
60:Reichskriegsflagge
13294:
13293:
13252:
13251:
13095:Battle of Okinawa
12994:Burma (1944–1945)
12828:Mariana and Palau
12608:Tunisian campaign
12426:Fall of Singapore
12350:Fall of Hong Kong
12093:Battle of Britain
11946:Operation Himmler
11855:
11854:
11519:Dutch East Indies
11155:Southern Rhodesia
10907:
10906:
10807:Genocide of Serbs
10710:German war crimes
10687:Soviet war crimes
10680:Allied war crimes
10526:Division of Korea
10505:Chinese Civil War
10303:Strategic bombing
10215:Manhattan Project
9989:
9988:
9931:
9930:
9802:
9801:
9672:Propaganda Troops
9519:, a programme of
9467:Jonathan M. House
9194:Reichsgesetzblatt
9128:. Deutsche Welle.
9026:Reichsgesetzblatt
9005:National Archives
8913:978-1-78159-291-5
8891:978-1-118-32504-9
8872:978-1-84520-177-7
8845:978-0-58236-883-5
8815:978-1-57113-904-7
8781:978-1-4039-1812-3
8762:. pp. 74–82.
8739:978-0-674-02213-3
8691:978-0-31309-157-5
8656:978-0-67003-826-8
8635:978-1-56619-746-5
8616:978-0-312-31135-3
8592:978-1-57003-952-2
8566:978-0-521-19199-9
8545:978-1-59797-069-3
8522:978-1-84145-100-8
8501:978-0-41530-861-8
8482:978-0-19-923739-5
8461:978-0-521-83365-3
8437:978-2-7096-2541-8
8418:978-0-674-01296-7
8370:978-0-85496-160-3
8321:978-0-11-771592-9
8294:978-1-85065-895-5
8272:978-0-76033-780-6
8253:978-3-486-20028-7
8240:Overmans, Rüdiger
8231:978-87-567-1889-9
8189:978-1-84832-210-3
8170:978-0-30795-812-9
8144:978-0-674-00680-5
8121:978-0-81316-738-1
8099:978-1-78076-890-8
8077:978-0-7190-1071-2
8058:978-0-80507-577-9
8025:978-5-85981-082-6
7985:978-0-7425-4482-6
7961:978-0-7006-1015-0
7905:978-1-84603-281-3
7884:978-1-62892-073-4
7861:978-0-312-21456-2
7842:978-1-57181-775-4
7792:978-0-80784-539-4
7769:978-0-521-77401-7
7745:978-5-9533-3877-6
7723:978-3-412-20188-3
7690:978-0-582-07387-6
7667:978-1-78159-110-9
7648:978-0-393-06757-6
7626:978-0-39332-252-1
7604:978-0-521-56521-9
7580:978-1-84176-391-0
7539:978-1-84832-508-1
7520:978-0-00-216048-3
7504:on 22 April 2016.
7490:Kohlhammer Verlag
7474:978-0-11-630961-7
7451:978-0-8419-0832-1
7427:978-0-674-02175-4
7401:978-0-8143-2920-7
7369:978-0-7006-1698-5
7295:978-0-19-966078-0
7266:978-0-521-78503-7
7245:978-1-40083-274-3
7187:978-0-415-59487-5
7148:978-1-58487-089-0
7121:978-1-58046-173-3
7112:Corrupt Histories
7099:978-0-88740-348-4
7080:978-0-87021-101-0
7061:978-0-8131-3416-1
7042:978-0-297-84913-1
7020:978-0-253-33374-2
6990:978-0-88736-255-2
6964:978-1-59114-294-2
6941:978-0-82640-797-9
6922:978-3-8046-8654-0
6903:978-0-8050-4213-9
6879:978-0-14-311671-4
6856:978-0-394-57686-2
6835:978-1-84567-681-0
6816:978-1-285-44790-2
6793:978-0-7110-0290-6
6774:978-0-330-35212-3
6709:978-0-9559840-0-6
6688:978-0-19-502724-2
6665:978-0-857-89135-8
6646:978-0-53103-733-1
6627:978-87-02-09648-4
6598:Krausnick, Helmut
6588:978-0-582-48997-4
6515:978-3-596-16307-6
6489:Warship Profile 4
6479:978-0-691-12502-2
6460:978-0-8047-7396-6
6408:978-0-300-18770-0
6389:978-1-61069-878-8
6361:978-0-631-20700-9
6335:978-0-631-20700-9
6313:978-0-19-506879-5
6285:978-0-312-22486-8
6236:978-0-415-00617-0
6215:978-0-349-11636-5
6193:978-0-7546-3880-3
6135:978-0-312-42830-3
5961:, pp. 21–22.
5705:, pp. 73–74.
5666:, pp. 49–81.
5570:, pp. 33–34.
5558:, pp. 33–34.
5498:, pp. 83–90.
5414:, pp. 67–74.
5402:, pp. 20–35.
5363:, pp. 29–30.
5339:, pp. 58–60.
5175:, pp. 20–21.
5091:, pp. 71–72.
5040:, pp. 54–57.
5004:, pp. 76–77.
5002:Bidlingmaier 1971
4956:, pp. 57–59.
4944:, pp. 35–36.
4752:, pp. 11–24.
4740:, pp. 96–97.
4701:, pp. 18–20.
4662:, pp. 41–42.
4469:, pp. 13–14.
4433:, pp. 12–13.
4084:, pp. 58–59.
4060:, pp. 39–65.
3497:Berlin-Karlshorst
3342:Georg von Küchler
3207:Yugoslav Partisan
3056:SS Einsatzgruppen
3003:and later in the
2759:Battle of Britain
2735:10 to 28 May 1940
2733:Battle of Belgium
2605:Army Group Centre
2548:Normandy landings
2293:Admiral Graf Spee
2142:Spanish Civil War
2058:Armoured car of
1958:) and air force (
1824:Structure of the
1812:Structure of the
1804:Command structure
1798:Kriegshilfsdienst
1661:Wehrmachthelferin
1649:
1648:
1403:Jewish Bolshevism
1326:Spanish Civil War
1311:Prussian military
1226:German rearmament
1141:Treaty of Rapallo
1104:Williamson Murray
652:
651:
589:245 million
560:Foreign suppliers
380:Reaching military
359:Military age
264:Supreme Commander
152:20 September 1945
145:20 September 1945
16:(Redirected from
13344:
13287:
13280:
13273:
13270:World portal
13268:
13267:
13243:
13236:
13229:
13222:
13213:
13206:
13199:
13190:
13183:
13176:
13169:
13162:
13155:
13146:
13139:
13132:
13130:Prague offensive
13125:
13123:Battle of Berlin
13118:
13111:
13104:
13097:
13090:
13083:
13076:
13069:
13067:Vienna offensive
13062:
13055:
13048:
13046:Battle of Manila
13041:
13021:
13012:
13003:
12996:
12987:
12980:
12973:
12966:
12959:
12952:
12945:
12936:
12927:
12920:
12911:
12904:
12897:
12890:
12881:
12874:
12867:
12860:
12853:
12846:
12839:
12830:
12823:
12814:
12805:
12796:
12789:
12787:Korsun–Cherkassy
12782:
12771:
12749:
12740:
12733:
12726:
12719:
12712:
12705:
12698:
12689:
12682:
12675:
12668:
12659:
12652:
12645:
12638:
12631:
12629:Bombing of Gorky
12624:
12617:
12610:
12590:
12583:
12574:
12567:
12560:
12551:
12544:
12537:
12530:
12523:
12512:
12505:
12498:
12491:
12489:Battle of Midway
12484:
12477:
12475:Battle of Gazala
12470:
12463:
12456:
12449:
12442:
12435:
12428:
12408:
12401:
12394:
12387:
12385:Battle of Borneo
12380:
12378:Malayan campaign
12373:
12366:
12359:
12352:
12345:
12338:
12331:
12324:
12322:Bombing of Gorky
12317:
12315:Battle of Moscow
12310:
12303:
12296:
12289:
12282:
12275:
12259:
12252:
12245:
12238:
12231:
12224:
12215:
12208:
12201:
12194:
12187:
12167:
12158:
12151:
12144:
12137:
12130:
12123:
12116:
12109:
12102:
12095:
12088:
12081:
12079:Battle of France
12074:
12067:
12060:
12053:
12046:
12039:
12019:
12012:
12005:
11998:
11991:
11984:
11977:
11955:
11948:
11941:
11934:
11932:Munich Agreement
11927:
11920:
11911:
11904:
11897:
11888:
11881:
11866:
11865:
11848:
11841:
11832:
11825:
11818:
11817:Soviet prisoners
11811:
11804:
11797:
11788:
11781:
11772:
11765:
11758:
11757:German prisoners
11753:
11733:
11724:
11717:
11710:
11705:
11698:
11691:
11684:
11677:
11670:
11663:
11656:
11649:
11642:
11635:
11628:
11621:
11614:
11605:
11598:
11591:
11584:
11577:
11570:
11563:
11556:
11549:
11542:
11535:
11528:
11521:
11514:
11507:
11500:
11493:
11486:
11479:
11459:
11452:
11445:
11438:
11431:
11424:
11417:
11410:
11403:
11396:
11389:
11369:
11362:
11355:
11348:
11341:
11333:
11326:
11319:
11310:
11303:
11295:
11288:
11286:French Indochina
11281:
11274:
11267:
11260:
11252:
11245:
11238:
11230:
11210:
11201:
11194:
11185:
11178:
11171:
11164:
11157:
11150:
11143:
11136:
11133:from August 1944
11124:
11117:
11110:
11103:
11096:
11089:
11082:
11075:
11068:
11056:
11049:
11042:
11035:
11028:
11016:
11008:
11001:
10994:
10987:
10980:
10973:
10966:
10954:
10947:
10940:
10933:
10918:
10917:
10898:
10891:
10884:
10877:
10870:
10859:
10844:
10837:
10830:
10825:
10816:
10809:
10802:
10793:
10786:
10779:
10777:Nanjing Massacre
10772:
10765:
10756:
10754:Nuremberg trials
10747:
10740:
10733:
10726:
10719:
10712:
10703:
10696:
10689:
10682:
10662:
10655:
10648:
10639:
10632:
10625:
10618:
10611:
10604:
10595:
10586:
10579:
10572:
10565:
10556:
10549:
10542:
10535:
10528:
10521:
10514:
10507:
10487:
10478:
10471:
10464:
10455:
10448:
10441:
10434:
10425:
10418:
10411:
10402:
10395:
10388:
10381:
10374:
10367:
10360:
10358:Asia and Pacific
10340:
10333:
10326:
10319:
10312:
10305:
10298:
10289:
10287:Mulberry harbour
10282:
10275:
10268:
10261:
10254:
10247:
10240:
10233:
10224:
10217:
10210:
10201:
10194:
10187:
10180:
10173:
10166:
10159:
10152:
10145:
10138:
10129:
10122:
10107:
10106:
10095:
10088:
10079:
10072:
10065:
10058:
10051:
10044:
10037:
10016:
10009:
10002:
9993:
9992:
9954:Bandenbekämpfung
9811:
9810:
9776:Personnel Office
9738:Seekriegsleitung
9732:Personnel Office
9657:
9656:
9592:
9584:
9564:
9557:
9550:
9541:
9540:
9439:– an article by
9403:
9401:
9399:
9382:
9380:
9378:
9372:
9365:
9355:
9353:
9351:
9335:
9333:
9331:
9319:
9317:
9315:
9299:
9297:
9295:
9278:
9276:
9274:
9257:
9255:
9253:
9245:Badische Zeitung
9234:
9232:
9230:
9217:
9215:
9213:
9189:
9187:
9185:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9151:
9149:
9147:
9129:
9120:
9118:
9116:
9100:
9098:
9096:
9090:Dotdash Meredith
9080:
9078:
9076:
9069:Business Insider
9059:
9057:
9055:
9042:
9040:
9038:
9015:
9013:
9011:
8995:
8993:
8991:
8974:
8961:
8959:
8957:
8941:
8917:
8895:
8876:
8860:
8849:
8837:
8826:
8824:
8822:
8794:
8785:
8763:
8753:
8743:
8719:
8705:
8695:
8673:
8660:
8639:
8620:
8596:
8577:
8575:
8573:
8549:
8537:
8526:
8505:
8486:
8465:
8441:
8422:
8405:Shepherd, Ben H.
8400:
8379:Shepherd, Ben H.
8374:
8363:. Oxford: Berg.
8355:
8332:
8330:
8328:
8298:
8276:
8257:
8235:
8216:
8193:
8174:
8148:
8125:
8103:
8081:
8062:
8043:
8041:
8029:
8006:
7989:
7965:
7943:
7909:
7888:
7865:
7846:
7827:
7796:
7773:
7749:
7727:
7708:
7706:
7694:
7682:
7671:
7652:
7630:
7608:
7584:
7565:
7555:
7543:
7524:
7505:
7500:. Archived from
7478:
7455:
7431:
7412:
7410:
7408:
7389:
7373:
7338:
7315:
7299:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7249:
7230:
7191:
7167:
7165:
7163:
7157:
7151:. Archived from
7140:
7125:
7103:
7084:
7065:
7046:
7024:
7008:
6994:
6968:
6945:
6926:
6907:
6883:
6871:
6860:
6839:
6820:
6797:
6778:
6757:
6733:
6713:
6692:
6680:
6669:
6650:
6631:
6605:
6592:
6573:
6542:
6540:
6538:
6519:
6500:
6483:
6464:
6443:
6412:
6393:
6370:Bartrop, Paul R.
6365:
6353:
6339:
6317:
6289:
6263:
6254:(144): 323–334.
6240:
6219:
6197:
6178:
6170:
6160:
6152:
6139:
6106:
6100:
6094:
6088:
6082:
6076:
6070:
6064:
6058:
6052:
6046:
6040:
6034:
6028:
6022:
6016:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5992:
5986:
5980:
5974:
5968:
5962:
5956:
5950:
5944:
5938:
5935:Van Creveld 1982
5932:
5926:
5912:
5906:
5895:Van Creveld 1982
5892:
5886:
5880:
5874:
5868:
5862:
5856:
5850:
5844:
5838:
5832:
5826:
5820:
5814:
5808:
5802:
5796:
5790:
5784:
5778:
5772:
5766:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5742:
5736:
5730:
5724:
5718:
5712:
5706:
5700:
5694:
5688:
5679:
5673:
5667:
5661:
5655:
5649:
5643:
5637:
5631:
5625:
5619:
5613:
5607:
5601:
5595:
5589:
5583:
5580:Le Faucheur 2018
5577:
5571:
5565:
5559:
5553:
5547:
5541:
5535:
5529:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5439:
5433:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5403:
5397:
5391:
5385:
5376:
5370:
5364:
5358:
5352:
5346:
5340:
5334:
5325:
5319:
5313:
5307:
5298:
5292:
5283:
5277:
5271:
5265:
5259:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5206:
5200:
5191:
5185:
5176:
5170:
5164:
5158:
5152:
5146:
5140:
5134:
5128:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5104:
5098:
5092:
5086:
5077:
5071:
5065:
5059:
5053:
5047:
5041:
5035:
5029:
5023:
5017:
5011:
5005:
4999:
4993:
4987:
4981:
4975:
4969:
4963:
4957:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4927:
4921:
4915:
4909:
4903:
4897:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4867:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4723:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4476:
4470:
4464:
4458:
4452:
4446:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4404:
4398:
4392:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4222:
4216:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4106:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4070:Van Creveld 1982
4067:
4061:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3899:
3896:
3890:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3868:
3858:
3851:
3778:
3739:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3407:Oster conspiracy
3354:Walter Warlimont
3306:
3282:Richard J. Evans
3223:Soviet prisoners
3219:
3176:venereal disease
3169:
3104:
3089:
3077:starved to death
2814:For a time, the
2751:Battle of France
2620:Battles of Rzhev
2614:Battle of Moscow
2609:Army Group South
2601:Army Group North
2399:Hauptsturmführer
2357:
2304:aircraft carrier
2183:) and Germany's
2156:fighter and the
2094:Panzer divisions
2087:bicycle infantry
2066:Division of the
2029:Battle of Moscow
1850:Minister of the
1792:
1752:
1737:German Red Cross
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1479:
1478:
1446:Turkestan Legion
1440:, including the
1319:
1263:
1237:
1143:. Major-General
1139:began after the
1051:
1045:
995:on 21 May 1935.
990:
974:
968:
954:
948:
935:
926:The German term
904:
839:
817:Allied coalition
809:Battle of Moscow
775:Second World War
760:defence spending
750:in 1933, one of
730:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
676:
675:
674:
668:
663:
601:Related articles
596:
431:
421:
396:
390:Active personnel
330:
329:
302:
301:
271:
270:
251:
250:
248:
247:
246:
244:
239:
238:
237:52.1826; 13.4741
233:
228:
225:
224:
223:
220:
192:
183:
174:
161:Service branches
155:
153:
148:
137:
135:
130:
119:
97:
89:
82:
63:
55:
46:
39:
38:
21:
18:Nazi German army
13352:
13351:
13347:
13346:
13345:
13343:
13342:
13341:
13297:
13296:
13295:
13290:
13283:
13276:
13262:
13260:
13248:
13239:
13232:
13225:
13218:
13209:
13202:
13195:
13186:
13181:Atomic bombings
13179:
13172:
13165:
13158:
13151:
13142:
13135:
13128:
13121:
13114:
13107:
13100:
13093:
13086:
13079:
13072:
13065:
13058:
13051:
13044:
13037:
13024:
13017:
13006:
12999:
12992:
12983:
12976:
12969:
12962:
12955:
12948:
12939:
12930:
12923:
12914:
12907:
12900:
12893:
12884:
12877:
12872:Eastern Romania
12870:
12865:Warsaw Uprising
12863:
12858:Tannenberg Line
12856:
12849:
12844:Western Ukraine
12842:
12833:
12826:
12817:
12808:
12799:
12792:
12785:
12774:
12765:
12752:
12745:
12736:
12729:
12722:
12715:
12708:
12701:
12694:
12685:
12678:
12671:
12662:
12655:
12648:
12641:
12636:Battle of Kursk
12634:
12627:
12620:
12613:
12606:
12593:
12586:
12577:
12570:
12563:
12554:
12547:
12540:
12533:
12526:
12517:
12508:
12501:
12494:
12487:
12480:
12473:
12466:
12459:
12452:
12445:
12440:St Nazaire Raid
12438:
12431:
12424:
12411:
12404:
12397:
12390:
12383:
12376:
12369:
12362:
12355:
12348:
12341:
12334:
12327:
12320:
12313:
12306:
12299:
12292:
12285:
12278:
12264:
12255:
12248:
12241:
12234:
12227:
12222:Anglo-Iraqi War
12220:
12213:Battle of Crete
12211:
12204:
12197:
12190:
12183:
12170:
12161:
12154:
12147:
12142:Eastern Romania
12140:
12133:
12126:
12119:
12112:
12105:
12098:
12091:
12084:
12077:
12070:
12063:
12056:
12049:
12042:
12035:
12022:
12015:
12008:
12001:
11994:
11987:
11980:
11973:
11960:
11951:
11944:
11937:
11930:
11923:
11916:
11907:
11900:
11893:
11884:
11877:
11851:
11844:
11837:
11828:
11821:
11816:
11807:
11800:
11793:
11784:
11777:
11768:
11761:
11756:
11749:
11736:
11729:
11720:
11713:
11708:
11703:Western Ukraine
11701:
11694:
11687:
11680:
11673:
11666:
11659:
11652:
11647:Northeast China
11645:
11638:
11631:
11624:
11617:
11610:
11601:
11594:
11587:
11580:
11573:
11566:
11559:
11552:
11545:
11538:
11531:
11524:
11517:
11510:
11503:
11496:
11489:
11482:
11475:
11462:
11455:
11448:
11441:
11434:
11427:
11420:
11413:
11406:
11399:
11392:
11385:
11372:
11365:
11358:
11351:
11346:Slovak Republic
11344:
11336:
11329:
11322:
11317:Empire of Japan
11315:
11306:
11298:
11291:
11284:
11277:
11270:
11263:
11255:
11248:
11241:
11233:
11226:
11213:
11206:
11197:
11190:
11181:
11174:
11167:
11160:
11153:
11146:
11139:
11127:
11120:
11113:
11106:
11099:
11092:
11085:
11078:
11071:
11059:
11052:
11045:
11038:
11031:
11019:
11011:
11004:
10997:
10990:
10983:
10976:
10969:
10957:
10950:
10943:
10936:
10929:
10903:
10894:
10887:
10880:
10873:
10862:
10847:
10840:
10833:
10829:Sexual violence
10828:
10821:
10812:
10805:
10798:
10789:
10782:
10775:
10768:
10761:
10752:
10743:
10736:
10729:
10722:
10715:
10708:
10699:
10692:
10685:
10678:
10665:
10658:
10651:
10644:
10635:
10628:
10621:
10614:
10607:
10598:
10589:
10582:
10575:
10568:
10559:
10552:
10547:Greek Civil War
10545:
10538:
10531:
10524:
10517:
10510:
10503:
10490:
10483:
10474:
10467:
10460:
10451:
10444:
10437:
10430:
10421:
10414:
10407:
10398:
10391:
10384:
10377:
10372:South-East Asia
10370:
10363:
10356:
10343:
10336:
10329:
10322:
10315:
10308:
10301:
10294:
10285:
10278:
10271:
10264:
10257:
10250:
10243:
10236:
10231:Military awards
10229:
10220:
10213:
10206:
10197:
10190:
10183:
10176:
10169:
10162:
10155:
10148:
10141:
10134:
10125:
10118:
10098:
10091:
10084:
10075:
10068:
10061:
10056:
10047:
10040:
10033:
10025:
10020:
9990:
9985:
9974:
9927:
9901:
9869:
9837:
9798:
9756:
9744:Fleet commander
9712:
9681:
9648:
9615:Minister of War
9598:
9590:
9582:
9573:
9568:
9454:
9431:by Jörg Bottger
9411:
9406:
9397:
9395:
9376:
9374:
9370:
9363:
9349:
9347:
9329:
9327:
9313:
9311:
9293:
9291:
9272:
9270:
9251:
9249:
9228:
9226:
9211:
9209:
9183:
9181:
9166:
9164:
9145:
9143:
9114:
9112:
9094:
9092:
9074:
9072:
9053:
9051:
9036:
9034:
9009:
9007:
8989:
8987:
8986:. Das Fallrecht
8984:servat.unibe.ch
8955:
8953:
8925:
8920:
8914:
8892:
8873:
8846:
8834:The Third Reich
8820:
8818:
8816:
8782:
8751:
8740:
8703:
8692:
8657:
8636:
8617:
8593:
8571:
8569:
8567:
8546:
8523:
8502:
8483:
8462:
8446:Smelser, Ronald
8438:
8419:
8371:
8326:
8324:
8322:
8295:
8273:
8254:
8232:
8190:
8171:
8145:
8122:
8100:
8078:
8059:
8039:
8026:
7986:
7962:
7906:
7885:
7862:
7843:
7793:
7770:
7746:
7724:
7704:
7691:
7668:
7649:
7627:
7605:
7581:
7553:
7540:
7521:
7475:
7452:
7428:
7406:
7404:
7402:
7383:
7370:
7296:
7271:
7269:
7267:
7246:
7211:10.2307/3114466
7188:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7149:
7138:
7122:
7100:
7081:
7062:
7043:
7029:Förster, Jürgen
7021:
6999:Förster, Jürgen
6991:
6977:Marrus, Michael
6973:Förster, Jürgen
6965:
6942:
6923:
6904:
6880:
6857:
6836:
6828:. Worth Press.
6817:
6794:
6775:
6710:
6689:
6666:
6647:
6628:
6589:
6556:(4): 996–1025.
6536:
6534:
6516:
6480:
6461:
6409:
6390:
6362:
6336:
6314:
6286:
6237:
6216:
6194:
6168:
6150:
6136:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6101:
6097:
6089:
6085:
6077:
6073:
6065:
6061:
6053:
6049:
6041:
6037:
6029:
6025:
6017:
6013:
6005:
6001:
5993:
5989:
5981:
5977:
5969:
5965:
5957:
5953:
5945:
5941:
5933:
5929:
5925:, pp. 148.
5913:
5909:
5905:, pp. 148.
5893:
5889:
5881:
5877:
5869:
5865:
5857:
5853:
5845:
5841:
5833:
5829:
5821:
5817:
5809:
5805:
5797:
5793:
5785:
5781:
5773:
5769:
5761:
5757:
5749:
5745:
5737:
5733:
5725:
5721:
5713:
5709:
5701:
5697:
5689:
5682:
5674:
5670:
5662:
5658:
5650:
5646:
5642:, p. xiii.
5638:
5634:
5626:
5622:
5614:
5610:
5602:
5598:
5590:
5586:
5578:
5574:
5566:
5562:
5554:
5550:
5542:
5538:
5530:
5526:
5518:
5514:
5508:Pavlowitch 2007
5506:
5502:
5494:
5490:
5482:
5478:
5470:
5466:
5458:
5454:
5446:
5442:
5434:
5430:
5422:
5418:
5410:
5406:
5398:
5394:
5386:
5379:
5371:
5367:
5359:
5355:
5347:
5343:
5335:
5328:
5320:
5316:
5310:Krivosheev 2010
5308:
5301:
5293:
5286:
5278:
5274:
5266:
5262:
5254:
5250:
5242:
5238:
5230:
5226:
5218:
5209:
5201:
5194:
5186:
5179:
5171:
5167:
5159:
5155:
5147:
5143:
5139:, Introduction.
5135:
5131:
5123:
5119:
5111:
5107:
5099:
5095:
5087:
5080:
5072:
5068:
5064:, pp. 248.
5060:
5056:
5048:
5044:
5036:
5032:
5024:
5020:
5012:
5008:
5000:
4996:
4988:
4984:
4976:
4972:
4964:
4960:
4952:
4948:
4940:
4936:
4928:
4924:
4916:
4912:
4904:
4900:
4892:
4888:
4880:
4876:
4868:
4864:
4856:
4852:
4844:
4840:
4832:
4828:
4820:
4816:
4808:
4804:
4796:
4792:
4784:
4780:
4772:
4768:
4764:, pp. 4–5.
4760:
4756:
4748:
4744:
4736:
4732:
4724:
4717:
4709:
4705:
4697:
4693:
4685:
4678:
4670:
4666:
4658:
4654:
4646:
4642:
4634:
4630:
4622:
4615:
4607:
4603:
4595:
4588:
4580:
4576:
4568:
4564:
4556:
4552:
4544:
4540:
4532:
4528:
4520:
4516:
4508:
4497:
4489:
4485:
4477:
4473:
4465:
4461:
4457:, p. I-57.
4453:
4449:
4441:
4437:
4429:
4425:
4417:
4413:
4405:
4401:
4393:
4386:
4378:
4374:
4366:
4362:
4354:
4350:
4342:
4338:
4330:
4326:
4318:
4314:
4306:
4302:
4294:
4290:
4282:
4278:
4270:
4266:
4258:
4254:
4246:
4242:
4234:
4225:
4217:
4210:
4202:
4198:
4190:
4186:
4178:
4174:
4166:
4159:
4151:
4147:
4139:
4135:
4127:
4123:
4111:, p. 215;
4107:
4100:
4092:
4088:
4080:
4076:
4068:
4064:
4056:
4052:
4044:
4040:
4032:
4028:
4020:
4016:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3992:
3984:
3980:
3972:
3968:
3960:
3953:
3947:Armbrüster 2005
3945:
3941:
3933:
3929:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3871:
3859:began with the
3852:
3848:
3843:
3806:
3774:
3735:
3727:
3725:Federal Defence
3724:
3721:
3718:
3663:Adolf Heusinger
3651:
3617:
3608:
3588:victory disease
3547:
3489:
3376:
3370:
3350:Karl von Roques
3304:
3290:Ben H. Shepherd
3237:
3231:
3217:
3199:
3193:
3167:
3150:
3144:
3136:Main articles:
3111:
3102:
3087:
3016:
2997:Commissar Order
2962:
2950:Main articles:
2948:
2886:military deaths
2874:
2868:
2859:Italian Theatre
2845:Battle of Crete
2812:
2798:
2694:
2680:
2678:Western theatre
2638:Battle of Kursk
2562:
2556:
2554:Eastern theatre
2499:
2383:
2377:
2355:
2231:inspecting the
2222:
2212:
2206:
2117:
2111:
2049:Battle of Kursk
1936:
1930:
1925:
1904:Reichsmarschall
1806:
1788:
1768:, and later in
1758:Behelfspersonal
1748:
1725:and messengers,
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1423:Polish Corridor
1378:soldier of the
1317:
1290:
1284:
1261:
1233:
1175:
1166:Nazism and the
1162:
1100:Hans von Seeckt
1015:
998:While the term
931:
924:
919:
902:
813:operational art
713:(navy) and the
690:
687:
684:
681:
670:
669:
661:
648:
594:
581:
555:
554:
553:
473:
453:
434:
429:
419:
394:
381:
327:
326:
325:
323:Minister of War
317:
299:
298:
297:
289:
268:
267:
266:
242:
240:
236:
234:
230:
229:
226:
221:
218:
216:
214:
213:
212:
195:
151:
149:
146:
133:
131:
128:
103:
73:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13350:
13340:
13339:
13334:
13329:
13324:
13319:
13314:
13309:
13292:
13291:
13289:
13288:
13281:
13274:
13257:
13254:
13253:
13250:
13249:
13247:
13246:
13245:
13244:
13237:
13230:
13216:
13215:
13214:
13200:
13197:South Sakhalin
13193:
13192:
13191:
13177:
13170:
13163:
13156:
13149:
13148:
13147:
13133:
13126:
13119:
13112:
13105:
13098:
13091:
13084:
13077:
13070:
13063:
13056:
13049:
13042:
13034:
13032:
13026:
13025:
13023:
13022:
13015:
13014:
13013:
12997:
12990:
12989:
12988:
12974:
12967:
12960:
12953:
12946:
12937:
12928:
12921:
12912:
12905:
12898:
12891:
12882:
12875:
12868:
12861:
12854:
12847:
12840:
12831:
12824:
12815:
12806:
12797:
12790:
12783:
12772:
12762:
12760:
12754:
12753:
12751:
12750:
12743:
12742:
12741:
12734:
12720:
12713:
12706:
12699:
12692:
12691:
12690:
12676:
12669:
12660:
12653:
12646:
12639:
12632:
12625:
12622:Battle of Attu
12618:
12611:
12603:
12601:
12595:
12594:
12592:
12591:
12584:
12575:
12568:
12561:
12552:
12545:
12538:
12531:
12524:
12515:
12514:
12513:
12506:
12492:
12485:
12478:
12471:
12464:
12457:
12450:
12443:
12436:
12429:
12421:
12419:
12413:
12412:
12410:
12409:
12402:
12395:
12388:
12381:
12374:
12367:
12364:Battle of Guam
12360:
12353:
12346:
12339:
12332:
12325:
12318:
12311:
12304:
12297:
12290:
12287:Battle of Kiev
12283:
12276:
12262:
12261:
12260:
12246:
12239:
12232:
12225:
12218:
12217:
12216:
12202:
12195:
12188:
12180:
12178:
12172:
12171:
12169:
12168:
12159:
12152:
12145:
12138:
12131:
12124:
12117:
12110:
12103:
12096:
12089:
12082:
12075:
12068:
12061:
12054:
12047:
12040:
12032:
12030:
12024:
12023:
12021:
12020:
12013:
12006:
11999:
11992:
11985:
11978:
11970:
11968:
11962:
11961:
11959:
11958:
11957:
11956:
11949:
11942:
11935:
11928:
11914:
11913:
11912:
11905:
11891:
11890:
11889:
11874:
11872:
11863:
11857:
11856:
11853:
11852:
11850:
11849:
11842:
11835:
11834:
11833:
11826:
11814:
11813:
11812:
11798:
11791:
11790:
11789:
11786:United Kingdom
11782:
11775:
11774:
11773:
11754:
11746:
11744:
11738:
11737:
11735:
11734:
11727:
11726:
11725:
11718:
11706:
11699:
11692:
11685:
11678:
11671:
11664:
11657:
11650:
11643:
11636:
11629:
11622:
11615:
11608:
11607:
11606:
11599:
11585:
11578:
11571:
11564:
11557:
11550:
11543:
11536:
11529:
11522:
11515:
11508:
11501:
11494:
11487:
11480:
11472:
11470:
11464:
11463:
11461:
11460:
11453:
11446:
11439:
11432:
11425:
11418:
11411:
11404:
11397:
11390:
11382:
11380:
11374:
11373:
11371:
11370:
11363:
11356:
11349:
11342:
11334:
11327:
11320:
11313:
11312:
11311:
11296:
11289:
11282:
11275:
11268:
11261:
11253:
11246:
11239:
11231:
11223:
11221:
11215:
11214:
11212:
11211:
11204:
11203:
11202:
11188:
11187:
11186:
11183:British Empire
11176:United Kingdom
11172:
11165:
11158:
11151:
11144:
11137:
11125:
11118:
11111:
11104:
11097:
11090:
11083:
11076:
11069:
11057:
11050:
11043:
11036:
11029:
11017:
11009:
11002:
10995:
10992:Czechoslovakia
10988:
10981:
10974:
10967:
10955:
10948:
10941:
10934:
10926:
10924:
10915:
10909:
10908:
10905:
10904:
10902:
10901:
10900:
10899:
10892:
10889:Rape of Manila
10885:
10878:
10871:
10860:
10845:
10838:
10826:
10819:
10818:
10817:
10810:
10796:
10795:
10794:
10787:
10780:
10766:
10759:
10758:
10757:
10750:
10749:
10748:
10741:
10727:
10720:
10706:
10705:
10704:
10697:
10690:
10675:
10673:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10663:
10660:United Nations
10656:
10649:
10642:
10641:
10640:
10633:
10626:
10619:
10605:
10596:
10587:
10580:
10573:
10566:
10557:
10550:
10543:
10536:
10529:
10522:
10519:Decolonization
10515:
10508:
10500:
10498:
10492:
10491:
10489:
10488:
10481:
10480:
10479:
10465:
10458:
10457:
10456:
10449:
10442:
10428:
10427:
10426:
10419:
10405:
10404:
10403:
10396:
10389:
10382:
10375:
10368:
10353:
10351:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10341:
10334:
10327:
10320:
10313:
10306:
10299:
10292:
10291:
10290:
10283:
10269:
10262:
10255:
10248:
10241:
10234:
10227:
10226:
10225:
10211:
10204:
10203:
10202:
10195:
10192:United Kingdom
10188:
10174:
10167:
10160:
10153:
10146:
10139:
10132:
10131:
10130:
10115:
10113:
10104:
10100:
10099:
10097:
10096:
10089:
10082:
10081:
10080:
10073:
10066:
10054:
10053:
10052:
10038:
10030:
10027:
10026:
10019:
10018:
10011:
10004:
9996:
9987:
9986:
9979:
9976:
9975:
9973:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9950:
9945:
9939:
9937:
9933:
9932:
9929:
9928:
9926:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9909:
9907:
9903:
9902:
9900:
9899:
9892:
9885:
9877:
9875:
9871:
9870:
9868:
9867:
9859:
9851:
9845:
9843:
9839:
9838:
9836:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9814:
9808:
9804:
9803:
9800:
9799:
9797:
9796:
9794:Weapons Agency
9788:
9783:
9778:
9770:
9764:
9762:
9758:
9757:
9755:
9754:
9752:Weapons Agency
9746:
9741:
9734:
9726:
9720:
9718:
9714:
9713:
9711:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9689:
9687:
9683:
9682:
9680:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9663:
9661:
9654:
9650:
9649:
9647:
9646:
9639:
9638:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9617:
9612:
9606:
9604:
9600:
9599:
9578:
9575:
9574:
9567:
9566:
9559:
9552:
9544:
9538:
9537:
9524:
9497:
9478:
9453:
9450:
9449:
9448:
9443:
9432:
9410:
9409:External links
9407:
9405:
9404:
9383:
9356:
9336:
9320:
9303:USHMM (n.d.).
9300:
9279:
9258:
9235:
9218:
9190:
9173:
9152:
9130:
9121:
9111:. 4 March 2010
9101:
9081:
9060:
9043:
9016:
8996:
8975:
8962:
8942:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8918:
8912:
8900:Zhukov, Georgy
8896:
8890:
8877:
8871:
8850:
8844:
8827:
8814:
8795:
8786:
8780:
8764:
8744:
8738:
8724:Wette, Wolfram
8720:
8696:
8690:
8674:
8661:
8655:
8640:
8634:
8621:
8615:
8597:
8591:
8578:
8565:
8550:
8544:
8527:
8521:
8506:
8500:
8487:
8481:
8466:
8460:
8442:
8436:
8423:
8417:
8401:
8384:German History
8375:
8369:
8356:
8346:(3): 489–512.
8333:
8320:
8299:
8293:
8277:
8271:
8258:
8252:
8236:
8230:
8217:
8194:
8188:
8175:
8169:
8157:Welzer, Harald
8153:Neitzel, Sönke
8149:
8143:
8126:
8120:
8104:
8098:
8082:
8076:
8063:
8057:
8044:
8030:
8024:
8007:
7990:
7984:
7966:
7960:
7944:
7919:War in History
7910:
7904:
7889:
7883:
7866:
7860:
7847:
7841:
7828:
7797:
7791:
7774:
7768:
7754:Lampe, John R.
7750:
7744:
7728:
7722:
7709:
7695:
7689:
7672:
7666:
7653:
7647:
7631:
7625:
7609:
7603:
7585:
7579:
7566:
7544:
7538:
7525:
7519:
7506:
7479:
7473:
7456:
7450:
7432:
7426:
7413:
7400:
7374:
7368:
7349:
7339:
7329:(4): 103–130.
7316:
7306:(5 May 1985).
7300:
7294:
7278:
7265:
7250:
7244:
7231:
7192:
7186:
7168:
7147:
7126:
7120:
7104:
7098:
7085:
7079:
7066:
7060:
7047:
7041:
7025:
7019:
6995:
6989:
6969:
6963:
6946:
6940:
6927:
6921:
6908:
6902:
6884:
6878:
6861:
6855:
6840:
6834:
6821:
6815:
6798:
6792:
6779:
6773:
6758:
6738:Datner, Szymon
6734:
6718:Datner, Szymon
6714:
6708:
6693:
6687:
6670:
6664:
6651:
6645:
6632:
6626:
6606:
6593:
6587:
6574:
6562:10.1086/505230
6543:
6520:
6514:
6501:
6484:
6478:
6465:
6459:
6444:
6426:(3): 430–448.
6413:
6407:
6394:
6388:
6366:
6360:
6340:
6334:
6318:
6312:
6290:
6284:
6264:
6241:
6235:
6220:
6214:
6202:Atkinson, Rick
6198:
6192:
6179:
6161:
6140:
6134:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6095:
6083:
6071:
6059:
6047:
6035:
6033:, p. 127.
6023:
6011:
5999:
5987:
5975:
5963:
5951:
5939:
5937:, p. 163.
5927:
5917:, p. 61;
5915:O'Donnell 1978
5907:
5887:
5875:
5863:
5851:
5839:
5837:, p. 323.
5827:
5815:
5803:
5801:, p. 222.
5791:
5787:Yad Vashem n.d
5779:
5767:
5765:, p. 247.
5755:
5753:, p. 502.
5743:
5731:
5729:, p. 693.
5719:
5707:
5695:
5680:
5668:
5656:
5654:, p. 146.
5644:
5632:
5620:
5608:
5596:
5594:, p. 271.
5584:
5572:
5560:
5548:
5546:, p. 456.
5536:
5524:
5520:Markovich 2014
5512:
5500:
5488:
5476:
5464:
5462:, p. 542.
5452:
5450:, p. 121.
5440:
5428:
5426:, p. 501.
5416:
5404:
5392:
5390:, p. 301.
5377:
5365:
5353:
5341:
5326:
5314:
5312:, p. 219.
5299:
5284:
5282:, p. 252.
5272:
5260:
5258:, p. 335.
5248:
5246:, p. 138.
5236:
5224:
5222:, p. 437.
5207:
5205:, p. 438.
5192:
5177:
5165:
5153:
5141:
5129:
5117:
5105:
5093:
5078:
5066:
5054:
5042:
5030:
5028:, p. 246.
5018:
5006:
4994:
4982:
4970:
4958:
4946:
4934:
4922:
4920:, p. 112.
4910:
4908:, p. 181.
4898:
4886:
4884:, p. 359.
4874:
4862:
4850:
4838:
4826:
4824:, p. 353.
4814:
4802:
4790:
4778:
4776:, p. 536.
4766:
4754:
4742:
4730:
4728:, p. 106.
4715:
4713:, p. 105.
4703:
4691:
4676:
4664:
4652:
4640:
4638:, p. 295.
4628:
4613:
4611:, p. 219.
4601:
4586:
4584:, p. 184.
4574:
4572:, p. 125.
4570:Greenwald 1981
4562:
4550:
4548:, p. 222.
4538:
4536:, p. 448.
4526:
4524:, p. 266.
4514:
4512:, p. I-3.
4495:
4491:Kjoerstad 2010
4483:
4471:
4459:
4447:
4435:
4423:
4421:, p. 208.
4411:
4409:, p. 316.
4399:
4397:, p. 408.
4384:
4372:
4360:
4358:, p. 525.
4348:
4346:, p. 312.
4336:
4334:, p. 268.
4324:
4312:
4300:
4288:
4286:, p. 131.
4276:
4264:
4252:
4240:
4223:
4208:
4196:
4184:
4172:
4170:, p. 150.
4157:
4145:
4133:
4131:, p. 470.
4121:
4115:, p. 16;
4098:
4086:
4074:
4062:
4050:
4038:
4036:, p. 153.
4026:
4014:
4012:, p. 333.
4002:
4000:, p. 181.
3990:
3978:
3976:, p. 215.
3966:
3951:
3939:
3927:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3891:
3878:
3869:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3805:
3802:
3650:
3647:
3610:Main article:
3607:
3604:
3546:
3543:
3502:Following the
3488:
3485:
3462:Wilm Hosenfeld
3411:Czechoslovakia
3387:Hermann Göring
3383:Martin Bormann
3372:Main article:
3369:
3366:
3230:
3227:
3195:Main article:
3192:
3189:
3110:
3107:
3065:Einsatzgruppen
3015:
3009:
2984:Einsatzgruppen
2947:
2944:
2870:Main article:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2842:
2824:joint campaign
2808:Main article:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2716:
2715:– 9 April 1940
2705:
2690:Main article:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2653:
2647:
2644:Battle of Kiev
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2594:
2584:
2572:, October 1941
2558:Main article:
2555:
2552:
2498:
2495:
2379:Main article:
2376:
2373:
2338:fleet in being
2299:Admiral Scheer
2208:Main article:
2205:
2202:
2138:Hermann Göring
2113:Main article:
2110:
2107:
2007:(April 1940),
1962:) assets into
1932:Main article:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1874:Wilhelm Keitel
1805:
1802:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1659:Main article:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1391:Czechoslovakia
1283:
1280:
1209:chief General
1161:
1158:
1028:in August 1934
1014:
1011:
923:
920:
918:
915:
836:Einsatzgruppen
650:
649:
647:
646:
638:
630:
621:
619:
613:
612:
607:
603:
602:
598:
597:
587:
586:Annual exports
583:
582:
580:
579:
574:
569:
563:
561:
557:
556:
552:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
475:
474:
469:
468:
466:
462:
461:
455:
454:
452:
451:
448:
444:
442:
440:Percent of GDP
436:
435:
433:
432:
422:
411:
409:
403:
402:
398:
397:
395:(total served)
391:
387:
386:
385:700,000 (1935)
383:
377:
376:
370:
364:
363:
360:
356:
355:
351:
350:
348:Wilhelm Keitel
345:
335:
334:
331:
319:
318:
316:
315:
309:
305:
303:
291:
290:
288:
287:
281:
274:
272:
260:
259:
253:
252:
203:
197:
196:
194:
193:
184:
175:
165:
163:
157:
156:
143:
139:
138:
125:
121:
120:
111:
105:
104:
84:Emblem of the
83:
75:
74:
56:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13349:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13328:
13325:
13323:
13320:
13318:
13315:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13304:
13302:
13286:
13282:
13279:
13275:
13272:
13271:
13266:
13259:
13258:
13255:
13242:
13238:
13235:
13231:
13228:
13224:
13223:
13221:
13217:
13212:
13208:
13207:
13205:
13204:Kuril Islands
13201:
13198:
13194:
13189:
13185:
13184:
13182:
13178:
13175:
13171:
13168:
13164:
13161:
13157:
13154:
13150:
13145:
13141:
13140:
13138:
13134:
13131:
13127:
13124:
13120:
13117:
13113:
13110:
13106:
13103:
13099:
13096:
13092:
13089:
13085:
13082:
13078:
13075:
13071:
13068:
13064:
13061:
13057:
13054:
13050:
13047:
13043:
13040:
13036:
13035:
13033:
13031:
13027:
13020:
13016:
13011:
13010:
13005:
13004:
13002:
12998:
12995:
12991:
12986:
12982:
12981:
12979:
12975:
12972:
12971:Syrmian Front
12968:
12965:
12961:
12958:
12954:
12951:
12947:
12944:
12943:
12938:
12935:
12934:
12929:
12926:
12922:
12919:
12918:
12917:Market Garden
12913:
12910:
12906:
12903:
12899:
12896:
12892:
12889:
12888:
12883:
12880:
12876:
12873:
12869:
12866:
12862:
12859:
12855:
12852:
12848:
12845:
12841:
12838:
12837:
12832:
12829:
12825:
12822:
12821:
12816:
12813:
12812:
12807:
12804:
12803:
12798:
12795:
12791:
12788:
12784:
12781:
12777:
12776:Monte Cassino
12773:
12770:
12769:
12764:
12763:
12761:
12759:
12755:
12748:
12744:
12739:
12735:
12732:
12728:
12727:
12725:
12721:
12718:
12714:
12711:
12707:
12704:
12700:
12697:
12693:
12688:
12684:
12683:
12681:
12677:
12674:
12670:
12667:
12666:
12661:
12658:
12654:
12651:
12647:
12644:
12640:
12637:
12633:
12630:
12626:
12623:
12619:
12616:
12612:
12609:
12605:
12604:
12602:
12600:
12596:
12589:
12585:
12582:
12581:
12576:
12573:
12569:
12566:
12562:
12559:
12558:
12553:
12550:
12546:
12543:
12539:
12536:
12532:
12529:
12525:
12522:
12521:
12516:
12511:
12507:
12504:
12500:
12499:
12497:
12493:
12490:
12486:
12483:
12479:
12476:
12472:
12469:
12465:
12462:
12458:
12455:
12451:
12448:
12444:
12441:
12437:
12434:
12430:
12427:
12423:
12422:
12420:
12418:
12414:
12407:
12403:
12400:
12396:
12393:
12389:
12386:
12382:
12379:
12375:
12372:
12368:
12365:
12361:
12358:
12354:
12351:
12347:
12344:
12340:
12337:
12333:
12330:
12326:
12323:
12319:
12316:
12312:
12309:
12305:
12302:
12298:
12295:
12291:
12288:
12284:
12281:
12277:
12273:
12272:
12267:
12263:
12258:
12254:
12253:
12251:
12247:
12244:
12240:
12237:
12233:
12230:
12226:
12223:
12219:
12214:
12210:
12209:
12207:
12203:
12200:
12196:
12193:
12189:
12186:
12182:
12181:
12179:
12177:
12173:
12166:
12165:
12160:
12157:
12153:
12150:
12146:
12143:
12139:
12136:
12135:Baltic states
12132:
12129:
12125:
12122:
12118:
12115:
12111:
12108:
12104:
12101:
12097:
12094:
12090:
12087:
12083:
12080:
12076:
12073:
12069:
12066:
12062:
12059:
12055:
12052:
12048:
12045:
12041:
12038:
12034:
12033:
12031:
12029:
12025:
12018:
12014:
12011:
12007:
12004:
12000:
11997:
11993:
11990:
11986:
11983:
11979:
11976:
11972:
11971:
11969:
11967:
11963:
11954:
11950:
11947:
11943:
11940:
11936:
11933:
11929:
11926:
11922:
11921:
11919:
11915:
11910:
11906:
11903:
11899:
11898:
11896:
11892:
11887:
11883:
11882:
11880:
11876:
11875:
11873:
11871:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11858:
11847:
11843:
11840:
11836:
11831:
11827:
11824:
11820:
11819:
11815:
11810:
11806:
11805:
11803:
11799:
11796:
11792:
11787:
11783:
11780:
11779:United States
11776:
11771:
11767:
11766:
11764:
11760:
11759:
11755:
11752:
11748:
11747:
11745:
11743:
11739:
11732:
11728:
11723:
11719:
11716:
11715:Quốc dân Đảng
11712:
11711:
11707:
11704:
11700:
11697:
11693:
11690:
11686:
11683:
11679:
11676:
11672:
11669:
11665:
11662:
11658:
11655:
11651:
11648:
11644:
11641:
11637:
11634:
11630:
11627:
11623:
11620:
11616:
11613:
11609:
11604:
11600:
11597:
11593:
11592:
11590:
11586:
11583:
11579:
11576:
11572:
11569:
11565:
11562:
11558:
11555:
11551:
11548:
11544:
11541:
11537:
11534:
11530:
11527:
11523:
11520:
11516:
11513:
11509:
11506:
11502:
11499:
11495:
11492:
11488:
11485:
11481:
11478:
11474:
11473:
11471:
11469:
11465:
11458:
11454:
11451:
11447:
11444:
11440:
11437:
11433:
11430:
11426:
11423:
11419:
11416:
11415:Liechtenstein
11412:
11409:
11405:
11402:
11398:
11395:
11391:
11388:
11384:
11383:
11381:
11379:
11375:
11368:
11367:Collaboration
11364:
11361:
11357:
11354:
11350:
11347:
11343:
11339:
11335:
11332:
11328:
11325:
11321:
11318:
11314:
11309:
11305:
11304:
11301:
11297:
11294:
11290:
11287:
11283:
11280:
11276:
11273:
11269:
11266:
11262:
11258:
11254:
11251:
11247:
11244:
11240:
11236:
11232:
11229:
11225:
11224:
11222:
11220:
11216:
11209:
11205:
11200:
11196:
11195:
11193:
11192:United States
11189:
11184:
11180:
11179:
11177:
11173:
11170:
11166:
11163:
11159:
11156:
11152:
11149:
11145:
11142:
11138:
11134:
11130:
11126:
11123:
11119:
11116:
11112:
11109:
11105:
11102:
11098:
11095:
11091:
11088:
11084:
11081:
11077:
11074:
11070:
11066:
11062:
11058:
11055:
11051:
11048:
11044:
11041:
11037:
11034:
11030:
11026:
11022:
11018:
11014:
11010:
11007:
11003:
11000:
10996:
10993:
10989:
10986:
10982:
10979:
10975:
10972:
10968:
10964:
10960:
10956:
10953:
10949:
10946:
10942:
10939:
10935:
10932:
10928:
10927:
10925:
10923:
10919:
10916:
10914:
10910:
10897:
10893:
10890:
10886:
10883:
10882:Comfort women
10879:
10876:
10872:
10869:
10866: /
10865:
10861:
10858:
10855: /
10854:
10851: /
10850:
10846:
10843:
10842:Camp brothels
10839:
10836:
10832:
10831:
10827:
10824:
10820:
10815:
10811:
10808:
10804:
10803:
10801:
10797:
10792:
10788:
10785:
10781:
10778:
10774:
10773:
10771:
10767:
10764:
10760:
10755:
10751:
10746:
10742:
10739:
10735:
10734:
10732:
10731:The Holocaust
10728:
10725:
10721:
10718:
10717:forced labour
10714:
10713:
10711:
10707:
10702:
10698:
10695:
10691:
10688:
10684:
10683:
10681:
10677:
10676:
10674:
10672:
10668:
10661:
10657:
10654:
10650:
10647:
10643:
10638:
10634:
10631:
10627:
10624:
10620:
10617:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10606:
10603:
10602:
10597:
10594:
10593:
10588:
10585:
10581:
10578:
10574:
10571:
10570:Marshall Plan
10567:
10564:
10563:
10558:
10555:
10551:
10548:
10544:
10541:
10537:
10534:
10530:
10527:
10523:
10520:
10516:
10513:
10509:
10506:
10502:
10501:
10499:
10497:
10493:
10486:
10482:
10477:
10473:
10472:
10470:
10466:
10463:
10459:
10454:
10450:
10447:
10443:
10440:
10436:
10435:
10433:
10429:
10424:
10423:Eastern Front
10420:
10417:
10416:Western Front
10413:
10412:
10410:
10406:
10401:
10397:
10394:
10390:
10387:
10383:
10380:
10376:
10373:
10369:
10366:
10362:
10361:
10359:
10355:
10354:
10352:
10350:
10346:
10339:
10335:
10332:
10328:
10325:
10321:
10318:
10314:
10311:
10310:Puppet states
10307:
10304:
10300:
10297:
10293:
10288:
10284:
10281:
10277:
10276:
10274:
10270:
10267:
10263:
10260:
10256:
10253:
10252:Naval history
10249:
10246:
10242:
10239:
10235:
10232:
10228:
10223:
10219:
10218:
10216:
10212:
10209:
10205:
10200:
10199:United States
10196:
10193:
10189:
10186:
10182:
10181:
10179:
10175:
10172:
10168:
10165:
10161:
10158:
10154:
10151:
10147:
10144:
10140:
10137:
10133:
10128:
10124:
10123:
10121:
10117:
10116:
10114:
10112:
10108:
10105:
10101:
10094:
10090:
10087:
10083:
10078:
10074:
10071:
10067:
10064:
10060:
10059:
10055:
10050:
10046:
10045:
10043:
10039:
10036:
10032:
10031:
10028:
10024:
10017:
10012:
10010:
10005:
10003:
9998:
9997:
9994:
9984:
9983:
9977:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9955:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9940:
9938:
9934:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9910:
9908:
9904:
9898:
9897:
9893:
9891:
9890:
9886:
9884:
9883:
9879:
9878:
9876:
9872:
9866:
9864:
9860:
9858:
9856:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9846:
9844:
9840:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9815:
9812:
9809:
9805:
9795:
9793:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9775:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9765:
9763:
9759:
9753:
9751:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9739:
9735:
9733:
9731:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9721:
9719:
9715:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9690:
9688:
9684:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9664:
9662:
9658:
9655:
9651:
9645:
9644:
9640:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9622:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9601:
9597:
9596:
9589:
9588:
9581:
9576:
9572:
9565:
9560:
9558:
9553:
9551:
9546:
9545:
9542:
9536:
9532:
9528:
9525:
9522:
9518:
9514:
9510:
9509:Sönke Neitzel
9506:
9502:
9498:
9495:
9491:
9490:Robert Citino
9487:
9483:
9479:
9476:
9472:
9468:
9464:
9460:
9456:
9455:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9438:
9437:
9433:
9430:
9427:'s 1995 work
9426:
9425:Klaus Naumann
9422:
9418:
9417:
9413:
9412:
9393:
9389:
9384:
9369:
9362:
9357:
9346:
9342:
9337:
9326:
9321:
9310:
9306:
9301:
9289:
9285:
9280:
9268:
9264:
9259:
9247:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9224:
9219:
9207:
9203:
9201:
9195:
9191:
9179:
9174:
9162:
9158:
9153:
9142:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9127:
9122:
9110:
9106:
9102:
9091:
9087:
9082:
9070:
9066:
9061:
9049:
9044:
9032:
9029:(in German).
9028:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9006:
9002:
8997:
8985:
8981:
8976:
8972:
8968:
8963:
8952:
8948:
8943:
8939:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8927:
8915:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8897:
8893:
8887:
8883:
8878:
8874:
8868:
8864:
8859:
8858:
8851:
8847:
8841:
8836:
8835:
8828:
8817:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8802:
8796:
8792:
8787:
8783:
8777:
8773:
8769:
8765:
8761:
8760:Kanton Luzern
8757:
8750:
8745:
8741:
8735:
8731:
8730:
8725:
8721:
8717:
8713:
8709:
8702:
8697:
8693:
8687:
8683:
8679:
8675:
8671:
8667:
8662:
8658:
8652:
8648:
8647:
8641:
8637:
8631:
8627:
8622:
8618:
8612:
8608:
8607:
8602:
8598:
8594:
8588:
8584:
8579:
8568:
8562:
8558:
8557:
8551:
8547:
8541:
8536:
8535:
8528:
8524:
8518:
8514:
8513:
8507:
8503:
8497:
8493:
8488:
8484:
8478:
8474:
8473:
8467:
8463:
8457:
8453:
8452:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8433:
8429:
8424:
8420:
8414:
8410:
8406:
8402:
8398:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8385:
8380:
8376:
8372:
8366:
8362:
8357:
8353:
8349:
8345:
8341:
8340:
8334:
8323:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8305:
8300:
8296:
8290:
8286:
8282:
8278:
8274:
8268:
8264:
8259:
8255:
8249:
8245:
8241:
8237:
8233:
8227:
8223:
8218:
8214:
8210:
8206:
8202:
8201:
8195:
8191:
8185:
8181:
8176:
8172:
8166:
8162:
8158:
8154:
8150:
8146:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8127:
8123:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8101:
8095:
8091:
8087:
8083:
8079:
8073:
8069:
8064:
8060:
8054:
8050:
8045:
8038:
8037:
8031:
8027:
8021:
8017:
8013:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7991:
7987:
7981:
7977:
7976:
7971:
7967:
7963:
7957:
7953:
7949:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7929:
7925:
7921:
7920:
7915:
7911:
7907:
7901:
7897:
7896:
7890:
7886:
7880:
7876:
7872:
7867:
7863:
7857:
7853:
7848:
7844:
7838:
7834:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7804:
7798:
7794:
7788:
7784:
7780:
7775:
7771:
7765:
7761:
7760:
7755:
7751:
7747:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7719:
7715:
7710:
7703:
7702:
7696:
7692:
7686:
7681:
7680:
7673:
7669:
7663:
7659:
7654:
7650:
7644:
7640:
7636:
7632:
7628:
7622:
7618:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7600:
7596:
7595:
7590:
7586:
7582:
7576:
7572:
7567:
7563:
7559:
7552:
7551:
7545:
7541:
7535:
7531:
7526:
7522:
7516:
7512:
7507:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7488:(in German).
7487:
7486:
7480:
7476:
7470:
7466:
7462:
7457:
7453:
7447:
7443:
7442:
7437:
7436:Hilberg, Raul
7433:
7429:
7423:
7419:
7414:
7403:
7397:
7393:
7387:
7382:
7381:
7375:
7371:
7365:
7361:
7357:
7356:
7350:
7347:
7343:
7342:Hayward, Joel
7340:
7336:
7332:
7328:
7324:
7323:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7304:Hastings, Max
7301:
7297:
7291:
7287:
7283:
7279:
7268:
7262:
7258:
7257:
7251:
7247:
7241:
7237:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7216:
7212:
7208:
7204:
7200:
7199:
7193:
7189:
7183:
7180:. Routledge.
7179:
7178:
7173:
7169:
7154:
7150:
7144:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7127:
7123:
7117:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7095:
7091:
7086:
7082:
7076:
7072:
7067:
7063:
7057:
7053:
7048:
7044:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7016:
7012:
7007:
7006:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6947:
6943:
6937:
6933:
6928:
6924:
6918:
6914:
6909:
6905:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6889:
6888:Fest, Joachim
6885:
6881:
6875:
6870:
6869:
6862:
6858:
6852:
6848:
6847:
6841:
6837:
6831:
6827:
6822:
6818:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6799:
6795:
6789:
6785:
6780:
6776:
6770:
6766:
6765:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6727:
6723:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6701:
6700:
6694:
6690:
6684:
6679:
6678:
6671:
6667:
6661:
6657:
6652:
6648:
6642:
6638:
6633:
6629:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6594:
6590:
6584:
6580:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6550:
6544:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6517:
6511:
6507:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6490:
6485:
6481:
6475:
6471:
6466:
6462:
6456:
6452:
6451:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6420:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6400:
6395:
6391:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6357:
6352:
6351:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6331:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6315:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6300:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6248:
6242:
6238:
6232:
6228:
6227:
6221:
6217:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6199:
6195:
6189:
6185:
6180:
6176:
6175:
6167:
6162:
6158:
6157:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6131:
6127:
6122:
6121:
6104:
6099:
6092:
6087:
6080:
6075:
6068:
6063:
6056:
6051:
6044:
6039:
6032:
6031:Bickford 2011
6027:
6020:
6015:
6008:
6003:
5996:
5995:Wiegrefe 2014
5991:
5985:, p. 39.
5984:
5979:
5972:
5967:
5960:
5955:
5949:, p. 51.
5948:
5943:
5936:
5931:
5924:
5920:
5919:Hastings 1985
5916:
5911:
5904:
5900:
5899:Hastings 1985
5897:, p. 3;
5896:
5891:
5884:
5883:Hastings 1985
5879:
5872:
5867:
5861:, p. 25.
5860:
5855:
5848:
5843:
5836:
5831:
5824:
5819:
5812:
5807:
5800:
5799:Szpilman 2002
5795:
5788:
5783:
5777:, p. 74.
5776:
5771:
5764:
5759:
5752:
5747:
5741:, p. 82.
5740:
5735:
5728:
5723:
5716:
5711:
5704:
5699:
5693:, p. 32.
5692:
5687:
5685:
5677:
5672:
5665:
5664:Shepherd 2003
5660:
5653:
5648:
5641:
5636:
5629:
5624:
5618:, p. 34.
5617:
5612:
5606:, p. 30.
5605:
5600:
5593:
5588:
5581:
5576:
5569:
5564:
5557:
5552:
5545:
5540:
5533:
5528:
5521:
5516:
5510:, p. 61.
5509:
5504:
5497:
5492:
5485:
5480:
5473:
5468:
5461:
5456:
5449:
5448:Megargee 2007
5444:
5437:
5432:
5425:
5420:
5413:
5408:
5401:
5396:
5389:
5384:
5382:
5374:
5369:
5362:
5357:
5350:
5345:
5338:
5333:
5331:
5324:, p. 23.
5323:
5322:Mikhalev 2000
5318:
5311:
5306:
5304:
5297:, p. 30.
5296:
5291:
5289:
5281:
5276:
5270:, p. 19.
5269:
5264:
5257:
5256:Overmans 2004
5252:
5245:
5240:
5233:
5228:
5221:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5204:
5199:
5197:
5190:, p. 22.
5189:
5184:
5182:
5174:
5169:
5163:, p. 20.
5162:
5157:
5150:
5145:
5138:
5133:
5126:
5121:
5114:
5109:
5103:, p. 72.
5102:
5097:
5090:
5085:
5083:
5075:
5074:Trueman 2015b
5070:
5063:
5058:
5051:
5050:Richards 1974
5046:
5039:
5034:
5027:
5022:
5016:, p. 30.
5015:
5010:
5003:
4998:
4991:
4986:
4980:, p. 60.
4979:
4974:
4968:, p. 17.
4967:
4962:
4955:
4950:
4943:
4938:
4931:
4926:
4919:
4914:
4907:
4902:
4896:, p. 26.
4895:
4890:
4883:
4878:
4871:
4866:
4859:
4854:
4847:
4846:Trueman 2015a
4842:
4835:
4830:
4823:
4822:Corrigan 2011
4818:
4811:
4806:
4799:
4794:
4788:, p. 31.
4787:
4782:
4775:
4774:Atkinson 2002
4770:
4763:
4758:
4751:
4746:
4739:
4734:
4727:
4722:
4720:
4712:
4707:
4700:
4695:
4688:
4683:
4681:
4673:
4668:
4661:
4660:Megargee 2000
4656:
4650:, p. 18.
4649:
4644:
4637:
4632:
4625:
4620:
4618:
4610:
4609:Kompisch 2008
4605:
4598:
4593:
4591:
4583:
4578:
4571:
4566:
4560:, p. 36.
4559:
4554:
4547:
4542:
4535:
4530:
4523:
4518:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4492:
4487:
4480:
4475:
4468:
4463:
4456:
4451:
4445:, p. 13.
4444:
4439:
4432:
4427:
4420:
4415:
4408:
4403:
4396:
4391:
4389:
4381:
4376:
4370:, p. 18.
4369:
4364:
4357:
4352:
4345:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4322:, p. 10.
4321:
4316:
4309:
4304:
4297:
4292:
4285:
4280:
4274:, p. 37.
4273:
4268:
4262:, p. 33.
4261:
4256:
4250:, p. 22.
4249:
4244:
4238:, p. 22.
4237:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4206:, p. 60.
4205:
4200:
4194:, p. 10.
4193:
4188:
4181:
4176:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4154:
4149:
4142:
4137:
4130:
4125:
4119:, p. 77.
4118:
4114:
4110:
4109:Overmans 2004
4105:
4103:
4095:
4094:Hartmann 2013
4090:
4083:
4078:
4071:
4066:
4059:
4054:
4047:
4042:
4035:
4030:
4023:
4018:
4011:
4006:
3999:
3994:
3988:, p. 10.
3987:
3986:Harrison 2000
3982:
3975:
3974:Overmans 2004
3970:
3964:, p. 12.
3963:
3958:
3956:
3949:, p. 64.
3948:
3943:
3937:, p. 63.
3936:
3931:
3925:, p. 81.
3924:
3919:
3915:
3895:
3888:
3882:
3873:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3590:, asking the
3589:
3585:
3581:
3580:Colin S. Gray
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3493:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3475:, only three
3474:
3473:Wolfram Wette
3471:According to
3469:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3454:Albert Battel
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3427:Hitler salute
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3392:
3391:Bruno Loerzer
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3245:Eastern Front
3242:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3130:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2890:Eastern Front
2887:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2802:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2684:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2309:Graf Zeppelin
2305:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2196:in 1945, the
2195:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2158:Junkers Ju 87
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2082:Eastern Front
2079:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1968:encirclements
1965:
1964:combined arms
1961:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1866:High Command
1865:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1832:Legally, the
1827:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1655:
1652:Women in the
1643:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:White émigrés
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1405:. Hence, the
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1294:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:, and twelve
1064:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1001:
996:
994:
989:
988:
982:
978:
973:
967:
962:
958:
953:
947:
942:
938:
934:
929:
914:
912:
908:
901:
897:
893:
892:
887:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
857:the Holocaust
854:
850:
849:
843:
838:
837:
831:
830:
824:
822:
819:, making the
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
793:France (1940)
790:
789:
784:
783:combined arms
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
764:arms industry
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
737:rearm Germany
734:
733:Reich Defence
729:
728:
722:
718:
717:
712:
711:
706:
705:
700:
696:
688:defence force
673:
667:
659:
658:
645:
643:
639:
637:
635:
631:
629:
627:
623:
622:
620:
618:
614:
611:
608:
604:
599:
592:
588:
584:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
562:
558:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
539:Messerschmitt
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
472:
467:
463:
460:
456:
449:
446:
445:
443:
441:
437:
427:
423:
417:
413:
412:
410:
408:
404:
399:
392:
388:
384:
378:
375:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
349:
346:
344:
342:
336:
332:
324:
320:
313:
310:
307:
306:
304:
296:
292:
285:
282:
279:
276:
275:
273:
265:
261:
258:
254:
249:
211:
207:
204:
202:
198:
191:
190:
185:
182:
181:
176:
173:
172:
167:
166:
164:
162:
158:
144:
140:
134:16 March 1935
127:16 March 1935
126:
122:
118:
117:
112:
110:
106:
101:
96:
95:
88:
81:
76:
71:
67:
62:
61:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
13278:Bibliography
13261:
13074:Project Hula
13039:Vistula–Oder
13008:
12941:
12932:
12916:
12886:
12835:
12819:
12810:
12801:
12767:
12664:
12579:
12555:
12518:
12269:
12162:
12107:North Africa
11809:Soviet Union
11763:Soviet Union
11689:Soviet Union
11457:Vatican City
11360:Vichy France
11265:German Reich
11162:Soviet Union
11148:South Africa
11141:Sierra Leone
11094:Newfoundland
10913:Participants
10896:Marocchinate
10600:
10591:
10561:
10439:North Africa
10400:Indian Ocean
10259:Nazi plunder
10150:Cryptography
10023:World War II
9980:
9952:
9895:
9889:Kriegsmarine
9888:
9881:
9862:
9855:Kriegsmarine
9854:
9791:
9773:
9768:Organization
9750:Kriegsmarine
9749:
9736:
9730:Kriegsmarine
9729:
9724:Organization
9717:Kriegsmarine
9653:Organization
9641:
9610:Adolf Hitler
9593:
9591:
9587:Kriegsmarine
9585:
9583:
9570:
9512:
9488:—lecture by
9465:—lecture by
9441:Daniel Uziel
9435:
9428:
9415:
9396:. Retrieved
9391:
9375:. Retrieved
9368:the original
9348:. Retrieved
9344:
9328:. Retrieved
9312:. Retrieved
9308:
9292:. Retrieved
9287:
9271:. Retrieved
9266:
9263:"Blitzkrieg"
9250:. Retrieved
9243:
9227:. Retrieved
9210:. Retrieved
9206:the original
9199:
9182:. Retrieved
9165:. Retrieved
9160:
9144:. Retrieved
9138:
9113:. Retrieved
9093:. Retrieved
9075:21 September
9073:. Retrieved
9068:
9052:. Retrieved
9035:. Retrieved
9030:
9024:
9008:. Retrieved
9004:
8988:. Retrieved
8983:
8970:
8954:. Retrieved
8950:
8935:
8903:
8881:
8856:
8833:
8821:22 September
8819:. Retrieved
8806:Camden House
8800:
8790:
8771:
8755:
8728:
8707:
8681:
8669:
8645:
8625:
8605:
8582:
8570:. Retrieved
8555:
8533:
8511:
8491:
8471:
8450:
8427:
8408:
8391:(1): 49–81.
8388:
8382:
8360:
8343:
8337:
8325:. Retrieved
8307:
8284:
8262:
8243:
8221:
8207:(6): 60–61.
8204:
8198:
8179:
8160:
8130:
8111:
8089:
8067:
8048:
8035:
8015:
8011:
7994:
7974:
7951:
7926:(1): 60–80.
7923:
7917:
7894:
7874:
7851:
7832:
7807:
7801:
7778:
7758:
7735:
7713:
7700:
7678:
7657:
7638:
7635:Kershaw, Ian
7616:
7613:Kershaw, Ian
7593:
7589:Kershaw, Ian
7570:
7549:
7529:
7510:
7502:the original
7484:
7460:
7440:
7417:
7405:. Retrieved
7386:Google Books
7379:
7354:
7345:
7326:
7320:
7311:
7285:
7270:. Retrieved
7255:
7235:
7202:
7196:
7176:
7160:. Retrieved
7153:the original
7134:
7111:
7108:Goda, Norman
7089:
7070:
7051:
7032:
7004:
6980:
6954:
6950:
6931:
6912:
6892:
6867:
6845:
6825:
6806:
6783:
6763:
6745:
6741:
6721:
6698:
6676:
6655:
6636:
6617:
6613:
6601:
6578:
6553:
6547:
6535:. Retrieved
6528:
6505:
6488:
6469:
6449:
6423:
6417:
6398:
6374:
6349:
6344:Bartov, Omer
6325:
6322:Bartov, Omer
6302:. New York:
6298:
6294:Bartov, Omer
6274:. New York:
6271:
6268:Bartov, Omer
6251:
6247:Polar Record
6245:
6225:
6205:
6183:
6172:
6154:
6125:
6112:Bibliography
6103:Axelrod 2019
6098:
6086:
6074:
6062:
6050:
6038:
6026:
6014:
6002:
5990:
5983:Wienand 2015
5978:
5966:
5954:
5942:
5930:
5910:
5890:
5878:
5866:
5854:
5842:
5830:
5823:Fischer 1985
5818:
5806:
5794:
5782:
5770:
5763:Bartrop 2016
5758:
5751:Schoeps 2008
5746:
5734:
5727:Kershaw 2001
5722:
5710:
5698:
5691:Balfour 2005
5671:
5659:
5647:
5635:
5623:
5611:
5599:
5587:
5575:
5563:
5551:
5544:Joosten 1947
5539:
5527:
5515:
5503:
5491:
5479:
5467:
5455:
5443:
5431:
5424:Förster 1989
5419:
5407:
5395:
5388:Hilberg 1985
5368:
5356:
5344:
5317:
5275:
5263:
5251:
5239:
5227:
5168:
5156:
5144:
5137:Niestle 2014
5132:
5125:Hickman 2015
5120:
5108:
5096:
5069:
5057:
5045:
5038:Hinsley 1994
5033:
5021:
5014:Whitley 1984
5009:
4997:
4985:
4973:
4961:
4949:
4937:
4925:
4913:
4906:Darling 2008
4901:
4894:Merglen 1970
4889:
4877:
4865:
4853:
4841:
4829:
4817:
4805:
4793:
4781:
4769:
4762:Frieser 2005
4757:
4745:
4733:
4726:Hayward 1999
4711:Hayward 1999
4706:
4694:
4687:Hayward 1999
4672:Hayward 1999
4667:
4655:
4643:
4636:Broszat 1985
4631:
4604:
4582:Sigmund 2004
4577:
4565:
4553:
4541:
4529:
4522:Förster 1998
4517:
4493:, p. 6.
4486:
4474:
4462:
4450:
4438:
4426:
4414:
4402:
4395:Fischer 1995
4382:, p. 7.
4375:
4363:
4356:Kershaw 1997
4351:
4339:
4332:Förster 1998
4327:
4315:
4303:
4296:Zeidler 2006
4291:
4279:
4267:
4255:
4243:
4199:
4187:
4175:
4168:Kershaw 1997
4148:
4136:
4124:
4089:
4077:
4072:, p. 3.
4065:
4058:Kitchen 1994
4053:
4041:
4029:
4017:
4005:
3993:
3981:
3969:
3942:
3930:
3918:
3894:
3881:
3872:
3849:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3748:
3709:
3695:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3670:
3667:Hans Speidel
3658:
3638:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3583:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3534:
3528:
3519:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3481:Anton Schmid
3476:
3470:
3457:
3446:Vilna Ghetto
3442:Anton Schmid
3433:
3431:
3419:20 July plot
3402:
3396:
3338:Hermann Hoth
3333:
3331:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3311:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3253:
3240:
3238:
3214:
3212:
3183:
3180:masturbation
3173:
3164:
3162:
3153:
3151:
3119:paratroopers
3099:
3096:
3084:
3081:Thomas Kühne
3068:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3052:Franz Halder
3049:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
2992:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2940:
2935:
2932:wrote that:
2930:Jeffrey Herf
2928:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2888:were in the
2881:
2828:Italian Army
2813:
2727:
2701:
2670:
2667:Order Police
2661:
2590:
2575:
2570:Soviet Union
2543:
2541:
2533:Kriegsmarine
2532:
2522:
2521:, excluding
2518:
2514:
2507:German Reich
2502:
2500:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2391:Oberleutnant
2390:
2369:Kriegsmarine
2368:
2361:Karl Doenitz
2353:Kriegsmarine
2352:
2350:
2342:Kriegsmarine
2341:
2332:
2324:Channel Dash
2318:
2314:
2308:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2266:
2262:Kriegsmarine
2261:
2255:
2251:Kriegsmarine
2250:
2246:
2242:Reichsmarine
2240:
2238:
2210:Kriegsmarine
2197:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2149:
2145:
2131:
2129:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2075:
2069:Afrika Korps
2067:
2063:
2045:North Africa
2021:
2011:(May 1940),
1988:
1986:
1979:
1975:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1902:
1899:von Manstein
1892:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1867:
1863:
1851:
1845:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1813:
1784:
1782:
1742:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1653:
1591:
1564:Kriegsmarine
1563:
1535:
1507:
1470:interpreters
1465:
1461:
1438:Soviet Union
1433:
1427:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1386:
1384:
1359:
1351:
1345:
1341:Kriegsmarine
1339:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1314:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1273:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1229:
1223:
1206:
1203:Nazi symbols
1194:
1183:Adolf Hitler
1176:
1167:
1137:Soviet Union
1134:
1122:Erich Raeder
1117:
1114:
1108:
1095:
1093:
1082:
1043:Friedensheer
1031:
1021:
1004:
999:
997:
992:
976:
960:
927:
925:
910:
899:
889:
883:
879:
876:Kriegsmarine
875:
871:
867:
865:
847:
828:
825:
820:
804:
786:
778:
770:
768:
755:
752:Adolf Hitler
745:
732:
720:
714:
710:Kriegsmarine
708:
707:(army), the
703:
699:Nazi Germany
695:armed forces
656:
655:
653:
641:
634:Kriegsmarine
633:
625:
499:Daimler-Benz
470:
382:age annually
368:Conscription
343:High Command
340:
278:Adolf Hitler
201:Headquarters
180:Kriegsmarine
116:Gott mit uns
69:
66:naval ensign
36:
13009:Bodenplatte
12895:Gothic Line
12114:West Africa
11661:Philippines
11640:Netherlands
11505:Czech lands
11443:Switzerland
11387:Afghanistan
11331:Philippines
11199:Puerto Rico
11115:Philippines
11101:New Zealand
11087:Netherlands
11040:Free France
10791:Prosecution
10592:Osoaviakhim
10462:West Africa
10446:East Africa
10093:Conferences
9421:Hannes Heer
9377:28 November
9345:Der Spiegel
9330:8 September
9252:22 December
9248:(in German)
9212:28 February
9146:11 February
8971:Der Spiegel
7390:. Detroit:
7172:Gray, Colin
7130:Gray, Colin
6530:Der Spiegel
6055:Scholz 2018
6019:Knight 2017
5739:Allert 2009
5676:Hebert 2010
5652:Bartov 1999
5640:Bartov 2003
5628:Bartov 1999
5592:Davies 2006
5556:Lenten 2000
5412:Datner 1964
5400:Datner 1964
5373:Bartov 1999
5349:Böhler 2006
5295:Müller 2016
5244:Duiker 2015
5101:Müller 2016
5089:Müller 2016
4990:Syrett 2010
4978:Maiolo 1998
4966:Müller 2016
4954:Maiolo 1998
4942:Maiolo 1998
4918:Girbig 1975
4810:Zhukov 1974
4750:Mosier 2006
4738:Palmer 2010
4699:Müller 2016
4558:Müller 2016
4546:Müller 2014
4479:Miller 2013
4467:Müller 2016
4443:Müller 2016
4431:Müller 2016
4380:Müller 2016
4320:Müller 2016
4308:Cooper 1981
4192:Strohn 2010
4113:Müller 2016
4082:Müller 2016
4046:Taylor 1995
3962:Müller 2016
3757:Hannes Heer
3687:secret army
3401:within the
3298:Ian Kershaw
3258:Omer Bartov
3073:Hunger Plan
2880:80% of the
2785:(1944–1945)
2767:(1939–1945)
2741:10 May 1940
2634:(1942–1943)
2628:(1942–1943)
2622:(1942–1943)
2583:(1938–1945)
2513:became the
2229:Karl Dönitz
2060:Panzerjäger
2024:Axis powers
1997:horse-drawn
1952:World War I
1891:(OKM), and
1828:(1939–1945)
1816:(1935–1938)
1730:meteorology
1322:World War I
1266:Ludwig Beck
1215:Hitler oath
1207:Ministeramt
1130:Karl Dönitz
1059:battleships
1034:World War I
1026:Hitler oath
907:Ian Kershaw
821:Wehrmacht's
805:Wehrmacht's
743:permitted.
577:Switzerland
401:Expenditure
393:18,000,000
372:1–2 years;
328:(1935–1938)
300:(1935–1938)
284:Karl Dönitz
269:(1935–1945)
235: /
94:Balkenkreuz
13301:Categories
13109:West Hunan
12942:Pointblank
12271:Silver Fox
12257:Summer War
12010:Winter War
11989:Phoney War
11770:Azerbaijan
11731:Yugoslavia
11626:Luxembourg
11468:Resistance
11208:Yugoslavia
11073:Luxembourg
10875:Sook Ching
10671:War crimes
10273:Technology
10266:Opposition
10208:Lend-Lease
10185:Australian
10178:Home front
10136:Blitzkrieg
10086:Casualties
10077:Commanders
10049:Operations
9849:Army ranks
9693:Army units
9603:Leadership
9517:The Agenda
9419:Review of
9398:16 January
9392:Yad Vashem
9350:11 January
9314:13 January
9229:16 January
9202:I, no. 52"
9184:11 January
9167:17 January
8990:17 January
8327:15 October
8003:B0000BSMDD
7498:B0000BQQHL
7407:12 January
7162:11 January
6537:15 January
6208:. Abacus.
5971:Wette 2006
5859:Large 1996
5775:Wette 2014
5703:Jones 2008
5460:Smith 2011
5436:Fritz 2011
5361:Stein 2002
5337:Evans 1989
5268:Biess 2006
5232:Fritz 2011
5188:Stein 2002
5173:Stein 2002
5161:Stein 2002
4882:Outze 1962
4870:Tooze 2006
4786:Jukes 2002
4648:Stein 2002
4534:Beyda 2014
4419:Tooze 2006
4407:Stone 2006
4219:Craig 1980
4180:Huber 2000
4141:Wette 2006
4129:Fritz 2011
4117:Wette 2006
4034:Leitz 1998
4010:Evans 2008
3998:Tooze 2006
3906:References
3711:Bundeswehr
3671:Bundeswehr
3596:Blitzkrieg
3415:Stalingrad
3399:resistance
3322:Lebensraum
3313:Herrenvolk
3274:bad apples
3233:See also:
3213:While the
3146:See also:
2981:, and the
2946:War crimes
2914:Volkssturm
2882:Wehrmacht'
2866:Casualties
2698:Phoney War
2591:Fall Weiss
2214:See also:
2146:Blitzkrieg
2098:Blitzkrieg
2047:, and the
2037:Stalingrad
1981:Blitzkrieg
1852:Reichswehr
1770:Yugoslavia
1665:See also:
1640:7,830,000
1558:1,000,000
1530:5,300,000
1286:See also:
1251:Reichswehr
1195:Reichswehr
1145:Otto Hasse
1109:Reichswehr
1096:Reichswehr
1084:Reichswehr
1077:and heavy
1071:Submarines
1067:destroyers
1022:Reichswehr
1013:Background
987:Reichswehr
928:"Wehrmacht
891:Volkssturm
842:war crimes
832:and their
788:Blitzkrieg
746:After the
727:Reichswehr
509:Focke-Wulf
489:Blohm+Voss
484:Auto Union
450:75% (1944)
447:25% (1939)
257:Leadership
243:Maybach II
241: (
222:13°28′27″E
219:52°10′57″N
206:Maybach II
100:Iron Cross
13307:Wehrmacht
13174:Manchuria
13060:Indochina
12836:Bagration
12280:Lithuania
11925:Anschluss
11722:Viet Minh
11619:Lithuania
11561:Hong Kong
11324:Manchukuo
11279:Azad Hind
10938:Australia
10738:Aftermath
10601:Paperclip
10496:Aftermath
10296:Total war
10164:Diplomacy
10127:In Europe
9906:Equipment
9896:Luftwaffe
9863:Luftwaffe
9807:Personnel
9792:Luftwaffe
9774:Luftwaffe
9761:Luftwaffe
9595:Luftwaffe
9571:Wehrmacht
9521:TVOntario
8937:The Local
8716:312464743
8213:0025-3170
7940:159950260
7756:(2000) .
7562:300473195
7272:9 January
7227:154515739
6570:144605884
6440:144274571
6146:(1946a).
6007:Peck 2017
5959:Gray 2002
5923:Gray 2007
5903:Gray 2007
5835:Barr 2009
5811:Timm 2015
5715:Bell 2011
5532:Gmyz 2007
5280:Herf 2006
4834:Bell 2011
4153:USHMM n.d
3911:Citations
3856:Wehrmacht
3798:Waffen-SS
3794:Wehrmacht
3776:‹See Tfd›
3767:Wehrmacht
3761:Wehrmacht
3753:Wehrmacht
3749:Wehrmacht
3737:‹See Tfd›
3679:Wehrmacht
3661:generals
3659:Wehrmacht
3639:Wehrmacht
3634:Waffen-SS
3629:Wehrmacht
3625:Wehrmacht
3621:Wehrmacht
3614:Wehrmacht
3600:Wehrmacht
3592:Wehrmacht
3584:Wehrmacht
3567:Wehrmacht
3555:Wehrmacht
3551:Wehrmacht
3535:Wehrmacht
3520:Wehrmacht
3512:Wehrmacht
3508:Wehrmacht
3477:Wehrmacht
3450:Lithuania
3434:Wehrmacht
3403:Wehrmacht
3334:Wehrmacht
3302:Wehrmacht
3294:Wehrmacht
3286:Wehrmacht
3278:Wehrmacht
3270:Wehrmacht
3266:Wehrmacht
3262:Wehrmacht
3241:Wehrmacht
3215:Wehrmacht
3184:Wehrmacht
3165:Wehrmacht
3154:Wehrmacht
3123:Kondomari
3100:Wehrmacht
3085:Wehrmacht
3069:Wehrmacht
3060:Wehrmacht
3041:Wehrmacht
3025:Wehrmacht
3020:Wehrmacht
2993:Wehrmacht
2978:Waffen-SS
2966:Wehrmacht
2910:Waffen-SS
2826:with the
2728:Fall Gelb
2702:Sitzkrieg
2671:Waffen-SS
2662:Wehrmacht
2544:Wehrmacht
2524:Waffen-SS
2519:Wehrmacht
2503:Wehrmacht
2491:Wehrmacht
2487:Waffen-SS
2479:Wehrmacht
2455:Wehrmacht
2444:Waffen-SS
2432:Wehrmacht
2428:Wehrmacht
2403:Waffen-SS
2401:from the
2381:Waffen-SS
2247:Wehrmacht
2198:Luftwaffe
2189:Luftwaffe
2174:Luftwaffe
2166:Luftwaffe
2150:Luftwaffe
2133:Luftwaffe
2115:Luftwaffe
2109:Air Force
2102:Wehrmacht
1993:motorized
1976:Wehrmacht
1970:and the "
1960:Luftwaffe
1913:Wehrmacht
1864:Wehrmacht
1846:Wehrmacht
1838:Wehrmacht
1826:Wehrmacht
1814:Wehrmacht
1790:‹See Tfd›
1750:‹See Tfd›
1694:, called
1692:Wehrmacht
1684:Wehrmacht
1654:Wehrmacht
1637:9,420,000
1634:9,480,000
1631:8,310,000
1628:7,234,000
1625:6,050,000
1622:4,220,000
1592:Waffen–SS
1555:1,500,000
1552:1,700,000
1549:1,700,000
1546:1,680,000
1543:1,200,000
1536:Luftwaffe
1527:6,510,000
1524:6,550,000
1521:5,800,000
1518:5,000,000
1515:4,550,000
1512:3,737,000
1466:Waffen-SS
1462:Wehrmacht
1434:Wehrmacht
1419:Wehrmacht
1407:Wehrmacht
1387:Wehrmacht
1376:Afro-Arab
1360:Wehrmacht
1347:Luftwaffe
1333:Wehrmacht
1315:Wehrmacht
1307:Wehrmacht
1302:Wehrmacht
1275:Anschluss
1259:Wehrmacht
1255:Wehrmacht
1247:Wehrmacht
1235:‹See Tfd›
1230:Wehrmacht
1168:Wehrmacht
1118:Luftwaffe
1079:artillery
1000:Wehrmacht
993:Wehrmacht
977:Wehrmacht
972:Landmacht
961:Wehrmacht
933:‹See Tfd›
922:Etymology
911:Wehrmacht
900:Wehrmacht
885:Waffen-SS
880:Luftwaffe
868:Wehrmacht
848:Wehrmacht
781:employed
779:Wehrmacht
771:Wehrmacht
756:Wehrmacht
721:Wehrmacht
716:Luftwaffe
657:Wehrmacht
642:Luftwaffe
354:Personnel
341:Wehrmacht
189:Luftwaffe
142:Disbanded
87:Wehrmacht
70:Wehrmacht
44:Wehrmacht
32:Waffen-SS
13285:Category
13234:document
13144:document
13001:Ardennes
12985:Budapest
12933:Crossbow
12811:Overlord
12650:Smolensk
11861:Timeline
11696:Slovakia
11682:Thailand
11533:Ethiopia
11498:Bulgaria
11422:Portugal
11353:Thailand
11235:Bulgaria
11013:Eswatini
11006:Ethiopia
10959:Bulgaria
10784:Unit 731
10745:Response
10562:Keelhaul
10512:Cold War
10485:Americas
10476:timeline
10469:Atlantic
10349:Theaters
9874:Uniforms
9196:(1935).
9054:11 March
8902:(1974).
8770:(1967).
8726:(2006).
8680:(1982).
8603:(2002).
8407:(2004).
8352:27668589
8283:(2007).
8242:(2004).
8159:(2012).
8110:(2016).
8088:(2014).
7972:(2007).
7950:(2000).
7734:(2010).
7637:(2008).
7615:(2001).
7591:(1997).
7438:(1985).
7284:(2013).
7174:(2007).
7132:(2002).
6890:(1996).
6754:72344547
6740:(1967).
6720:(1964).
6600:(1999).
6497:20229321
6380:ABC-CLIO
6372:(2016).
6346:(2003).
6296:(1991).
6270:(1986).
6204:(2002).
6079:AFP 2019
3804:See also
3704:and the
3698:Cold War
3524:Svalbard
3251:issues.
3158:brothels
3058:and the
2818:and the
2515:de facto
2481:and the
2467:Guderian
2389:An army
2319:Bismarck
1923:Branches
1645:Source:
1614:830,000
1586:700,000
1450:Cossacks
1409:and the
1365:youngest
1324:and the
1272:and the
1063:cruisers
966:Seemacht
471:See list
459:Industry
428:(1944)
210:Wünsdorf
13211:Shumshu
12978:Hungary
12925:Estonia
12909:Lapland
12887:Dragoon
12820:Neptune
12802:Ichi-Go
12768:Tempest
12710:Changde
12665:Cottage
12557:Jubilee
12266:Finland
12164:Compass
11870:Prelude
11823:Finland
11709:Vietnam
11675:Romania
11547:Germany
11526:Estonia
11512:Denmark
11491:Belgium
11484:Austria
11477:Albania
11408:Ireland
11394:Andorra
11378:Neutral
11338:Romania
11272:Hungary
11257:Finland
11129:Romania
11021:Finland
10999:Denmark
10945:Belgium
10931:Algeria
10637:Romania
10623:Hungary
10379:Pacific
10103:General
10057:Leaders
10042:Battles
10035:Outline
9660:General
9505:YouTube
9486:YouTube
9469:of the
9463:YouTube
9109:History
9037:6 April
8956:12 June
7824:2599695
7394:Press.
7219:3114466
6979:(ed.).
6730:5975828
6117:Printed
3719:
3657:Former
3506:of the
3360:at the
2902:Estonia
2832:theatre
2457:, many
2405:in 1944
2393:with a
2333:Tirpitz
2267:In the
1974:", the
1885:(OKH),
1836:of the
1778:Romania
1776:and in
1723:typists
1703:
1611:600,000
1608:450,000
1605:230,000
1602:150,000
1583:810,000
1580:780,000
1577:580,000
1574:404,000
1571:250,000
1540:400,000
1399:crusade
1249:"; the
1154:Lipetsk
762:on the
682:
606:History
593:(1939)
549:Porsche
524:Junkers
514:Heinkel
418:(1939)
280:(first)
150: (
132: (
124:Founded
68:of the
13188:Debate
13160:Taipei
13153:Borneo
12731:Tarawa
11918:Europe
11879:Africa
11668:Poland
11654:Norway
11633:Malaya
11612:Latvia
11554:Greece
11540:France
11436:Sweden
11401:Bhutan
11122:Poland
11108:Norway
11080:Mexico
11047:Greece
11033:France
10971:Canada
10952:Brazil
10922:Allies
10868:Serbia
10857:Poland
10630:Poland
10616:Baltic
10409:Europe
10111:Topics
10063:Allied
9936:Crimes
9667:Abwehr
9452:Videos
9294:13 May
9273:20 May
9161:Avalon
9115:21 May
9095:20 May
9010:16 May
8923:Online
8910:
8888:
8869:
8865:–111.
8842:
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7017:
7013:–283.
6987:
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6938:
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6386:
6358:
6332:
6310:
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6233:
6212:
6190:
6132:
6045:, §79.
3780:German
3741:German
3516:Norway
3389:, and
3182:, the
2975:, the
2958:, and
2847:(1941)
2779:(1944)
2773:(1944)
2761:(1940)
2652:(1944)
2646:(1943)
2616:(1941)
2607:, and
2287:code.
2285:Enigma
2273:U-boat
2220:Plan Z
2100:, the
2072:, 1942
2064:Panzer
2031:, the
1794:German
1774:Greece
1766:France
1754:German
1599:50,000
1596:35,000
1568:50,000
1432:, the
1239:German
1061:, six
941:wehren
937:German
917:Origin
894:, and
888:, the
882:, the
878:, the
874:, the
795:, the
777:, the
534:MAN SE
479:Alkett
407:Budget
314:(last)
286:(last)
90:, the
12964:Leyte
12794:Narva
12780:Anzio
12738:Makin
12696:Burma
12580:Torch
12549:Rzhev
12503:Kiska
11589:Korea
11575:Japan
11568:Italy
11450:Tibet
11429:Spain
11300:Italy
11061:Italy
11054:India
10978:China
10853:Japan
10453:Italy
10365:China
10317:Women
9865:ranks
9857:ranks
9842:Ranks
9501:Video
9482:Video
9459:Video
9371:(PDF)
9364:(PDF)
8752:(PDF)
8704:(PDF)
8348:JSTOR
8040:(PDF)
8014:[
7936:S2CID
7820:JSTOR
7705:(PDF)
7554:(PDF)
7223:S2CID
7215:JSTOR
7156:(PDF)
7139:(PDF)
6953:[
6744:[
6616:[
6566:S2CID
6436:S2CID
6169:(PDF)
6151:(PDF)
4932:, §2.
4626:, §3.
3841:Notes
3309:Aryan
3305:'
3218:'
3168:'
3103:'
3088:'
2356:'
2281:radar
2277:sonar
2161:Stuka
2125:Crete
2041:Tunis
1772:, in
1764:, in
1745:Hiwis
1619:Total
1502:1945
1318:'
1262:'
1075:tanks
946:Macht
903:'
644:ranks
636:ranks
628:ranks
617:Ranks
529:Krupp
362:18–45
109:Motto
13030:1945
12758:1944
12599:1943
12520:Blue
12510:Attu
12417:1942
12176:1941
12028:1940
11966:1939
11895:Asia
11742:POWs
11582:Jews
11293:Iraq
11219:Axis
11169:Tuva
10985:Cuba
10070:Axis
9882:Heer
9686:Army
9580:Army
9423:and
9400:2019
9379:2008
9352:2019
9332:2019
9316:2019
9296:2015
9275:2015
9254:2016
9231:2019
9214:2018
9186:2019
9169:2019
9148:2019
9117:2015
9097:2015
9077:2020
9056:2019
9039:2019
9012:2019
8992:2019
8958:2019
8908:ISBN
8886:ISBN
8867:ISBN
8840:ISBN
8823:2018
8810:ISBN
8776:ISBN
8734:ISBN
8712:OCLC
8686:ISBN
8651:ISBN
8630:ISBN
8611:ISBN
8587:ISBN
8574:2015
8561:ISBN
8540:ISBN
8517:ISBN
8496:ISBN
8477:ISBN
8456:ISBN
8432:ISBN
8413:ISBN
8365:ISBN
8329:2016
8316:ISBN
8312:HMSO
8289:ISBN
8267:ISBN
8248:ISBN
8226:ISBN
8209:ISSN
8184:ISBN
8165:ISBN
8139:ISBN
8116:ISBN
8094:ISBN
8072:ISBN
8053:ISBN
8020:ISBN
7999:ASIN
7980:ISBN
7956:ISBN
7900:ISBN
7879:ISBN
7856:ISBN
7837:ISBN
7787:ISBN
7764:ISBN
7740:ISBN
7718:ISBN
7685:ISBN
7662:ISBN
7643:ISBN
7621:ISBN
7599:ISBN
7575:ISBN
7558:OCLC
7534:ISBN
7515:ISBN
7494:ASIN
7469:ISBN
7465:HMSO
7446:ISBN
7422:ISBN
7409:2011
7396:ISBN
7364:ISBN
7290:ISBN
7274:2019
7261:ISBN
7240:ISBN
7182:ISBN
7164:2019
7143:ISBN
7116:ISBN
7094:ISBN
7075:ISBN
7056:ISBN
7037:ISBN
7015:ISBN
6985:ISBN
6959:ISBN
6936:ISBN
6917:ISBN
6898:ISBN
6874:ISBN
6851:ISBN
6830:ISBN
6811:ISBN
6788:ISBN
6769:ISBN
6750:OCLC
6726:OCLC
6704:ISBN
6683:ISBN
6660:ISBN
6641:ISBN
6622:ISBN
6583:ISBN
6539:2019
6510:ISBN
6493:OCLC
6474:ISBN
6455:ISBN
6403:ISBN
6384:ISBN
6356:ISBN
6330:ISBN
6308:ISBN
6280:ISBN
6231:ISBN
6210:ISBN
6188:ISBN
6130:ISBN
3885:See
3716:lit.
3681:and
3665:and
3643:HIAG
3571:elan
3178:and
3140:and
3067:and
3039:and
2857:The
2850:The
2718:The
2669:and
2542:The
2501:The
2493:."
2453:and
2365:FIDO
2351:The
2296:and
2218:and
2204:Navy
2092:The
1989:Heer
1987:The
1956:Heer
1944:Heer
1928:Army
1700:lit.
1508:Heer
1499:1944
1496:1943
1493:1942
1490:1941
1487:1940
1484:1939
1464:and
1344:and
1171:and
1094:The
872:Heer
859:and
799:and
769:The
704:Heer
679:lit.
654:The
626:Heer
544:Opel
9635:OKL
9630:OKM
9625:OKH
9620:OKW
9503:on
9484:on
9461:on
8863:106
8393:doi
7928:doi
7812:doi
7331:doi
7207:doi
7011:266
6558:doi
6428:doi
6256:doi
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