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situation following a near-death experience, and the issues that comes with reintegration into ordinary life. According to Bruce
Greyson, those who experienced NDE may also have difficulty maintaining relationships due to the fear of rejection or being ridiculed when discussing the events. This fear of being judged or ridiculed also causes a problem when needing to talk to a professional. Some NDErs have received negative reactions from professionals, thereby discouraging many who are in need of help. Consequently, many NDErs find great difficulty in sharing the experience of NDE and how it impacted their life. Another category, so-called distressing or unpleasant near-death experiences, has been investigated by Greyson and Bush.
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psychodynamics of the experience, the typology of NDEs, the varieties of NDEs, and the biology of NDEs. In addition, he brought attention to the NDE as a focus of clinical attention, suggesting that the aftermath of the NDE, in some cases, can lead to psychological problems. As research in the field progressed, both
Greyson and Ring developed measurement tools that can be used in a clinical setting. According to Kinsella, no other researcher, besides Moody, has done more to "influence public opinion on the subject of NDEs" than Kenneth Ring. However, Bruce Greyson has the greatest output of material and remains the leading scholar in the field.
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visions. Stevenson, whose main academic interest was the topic of reincarnation and past lives, also made contributions to the field of near-death studies. In a 1990 study, co-authored with Owens and Cook, the researchers studied the medical records of 58 people who were thought to have been near death. The authors judged 28 candidates to actually have been close to dying, while 30 candidates, who merely thought they were about to die, were judged to not have been in any medical danger. Both groups reported similar experiences, but the first group reported more features of the core NDE than the other group.
682:, New Haven, Connecticut, in 1982. The first clinical conference was in Pembroke Pines, Florida, and the first research conference was in Farmington, Connecticut in 1984. Since then conferences have been held in major U.S. cities, almost annually. Many of the conferences have addressed a specific topic, defined in advance of the meeting. In 2004 participants gathered in Evanston, Illinois, under the headline: "Creativity from the light". A few of the conferences have been arranged at academic locations. In 2001 researchers and participants gathered at
575:. Questions formulated by the scale address such dimensions as: cognition (feelings of accelerated thought, or "life-review"), affect (feelings of peace and joy), paranormal experience (feelings of being outside of the body, or a perception of future events) and transcendence (experience of encountering deceased relatives, or experiencing an unearthly realm). A score of 7 or higher out of a possible 32 was used as the standard criterion for a near-death experience. The scale is, according to the author, clinically useful in differentiating NDEs from
489:) was one of the first researchers to bring the study of NDEs into the area of Hospital Medicine. In 1988 he launched a prospective study that spanned 10 Dutch hospitals. 344 survivors of cardiac arrest were included in the study. 62 patients (18%) reported NDE. 41 of these patients (12%) described a core experience. The aim of the study was to investigate the cause of the experience, and assess variables connected to frequency, depth, and content. Prospective studies were also taking place in the U.S. Schwaninger and colleagues collaborated with
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academic consensus as to what the philosophical implications of NDE studies might be, the question of whatever the true and fundamental nature of human consciousness might be yet remains both unanswered, and highly contentious. Still, NDE researchers are in general agreement that NDE research is now a legitimate academic field of scientific research, and many recent discoveries in this field give rise to the hopes by some researchers that a "breakthrough" in the modern day understanding of the dying process may be imminent.
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neuroscience by suggesting a new understanding of the mind-brain relationship in the direction of transcendental, or paranormal, elements. In reply to this French considers the conventional scientific understanding, and introduces several non-paranormal factors, as well as psychological theory, that might explain those near-death experiences that defy conventional scientific explanations. However, he does not rule out a future revision of modern neuroscience, awaiting new and improved research procedures.
535:. This study found that analyzing these experiences by the way participants explain them through speech can allow researchers to understand even more about NDEs, rather than just relying on the memories and self-reports of participants, which are less confidential than scientific evidence. It was also demonstrated that non-verbal communication like gestures and emotions can allow researchers to further understand NDEs and their effect on people who have had them.
797:, issued an in-depth analysis and critique of the survivalist's neuroscience of some NDE researchers, concluding, "it is difficult to see what one could learn from the paranormal survivalist position which sets out assuming the truth of that which it seeks to establish, makes additional and unnecessary assumptions, misrepresents the current state of knowledge from mainstream science, and appears less than comprehensive in its analysis of the available facts."
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265:, biological or pharmacological explanations for the NDE, often with an emphasis on the physiology of the brain. Variables that are considered, and often summarized by researchers, include: anoxia; cerebral hypoxia; hypercarbia; endorphins; serotonin or various neurotransmitters; temporal lobe dysfunction or seizures; the NMDA receptor; activation of the limbic system; drugs; retinal ischemia; and processes linked to
760:, the subject was, until recently, controversial. Both scientists and medical professionals have, in general, tended to be skeptical. According to commentators in the field the early study of near-death experiences was met with "academic disbelief". Acceptance of NDEs as a legitimate topic for scientific study has improved, but the process has been slow.
504:. He found that NDEs were reported by 10% of patients with cardiac arrest and 1% of other cardiac patients. Up to 2005, 95% of world cultures have been documented making some mention of NDEs. In all, close to 3500 individual cases between 1975 and 2005 had been reviewed by some 55 researchers or teams of researchers.
493:, where they studied cardiac arrest patients over a three-year period (April 1991 â February 1994). Only a minority of the patients survived, and from this group 30 patients were interviewable. Of these 30 patients 23% reported an NDE, while 13% reported an NDE during "a prior life-threatening illness".
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During the next decade, prospective studies were also starting to emerge from other parts of the world. In a study from 2010 Klemenc-Ketis and colleagues reported on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors, later admitted to intensive care units, at medical centers in
Slovenia. 21.2% of the patients
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Explanatory models for the phenomenology and the elements of the NDE can, according to sources, be divided into a three broad categories: psychological, physiological, and transcendental. In a study published in 1990, Owens, Cook and
Stevenson presented results that lent support to all of these three
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Several researchers in the field have expressed reservations towards explanations that are purely psychological or physiological. Van Lommel and colleagues have argued for the inclusion of transcendental categories as part of the explanatory framework. Other researchers, such as Parnia, Fenwick, and
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Psychological theories have suggested that the NDE can be a consequence of mental and emotional reactions to the perceived threat of dying, or a result of expectation. Other psychological variables that are considered by researchers include: imagination, depersonalization, dissociation, proneness to
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However, not all after-effects are beneficial. The negative effects can be very large and prevalent. In some cases, changes in attitudes and behaviour can lead to distress and psychosocial, spiritual or physiological problems. The negative effects of NDE often have to do with adjustment to the new
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Scientists correlate these events to a stressed and dying brain. These visions and life changes could be caused by oxygen shortage, imperfect anesthesia and the body's neurochemical responses to trauma. But many NDErs still believe that they were more than just simple hallucinations or dreams. They
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Martens noted the "lack of uniform nomenclature", and "the failure to control the studied population with an elimination of interfering factors", as examples of criticism directed towards near-death research. Engmann points out that NDE research does not fulfil quality criteria of medical studies,
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in order to measure the depth of NDEs, and this index has been used by other researchers for this purpose. The index has also been used to measure the impact of near-death experiences on dialysis patients. According to some commentators the index has improved the consistency in the field. However,
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The diagnostic label of "Religious or spiritual problem" is included in DSM-IV under the category of "Other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention". See
American Psychiatric Association (1994) "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", fourth edition. Washington, D.C.:
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commentator Keith
Augustine has criticized the survivalist interpretation of NDEs. He also criticized "weaknesses in the research methodology, paucity of the data, and gaps in the arguments". Greyson responded by suggesting that the materialist model favored by Augustine is supported by even less
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According to literature "psychiatrists have played a role in the recognition of the "near-death" phenomenon as well as popularization of the subject and subsequent research". Kinsella noted that "Growing scholarly interest has followed popular interest in the subject". While there is not yet any
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The first international medical conference on near-death experiences was held in 2006. Approximately 1,500 delegates, including people who claim to have had NDEs, attended the one-day conference in
Martigues, France. Among the researchers at the conference were Moody and anesthetist and intensive
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Based on the results from an analysis of scholarly NDE-related periodical literature, the decade between 2001 and 2011 signaled an expansion of the field of near-death studies by including new authors and new publication venues. Research has also entered into other fields of interest, such as the
402:, where he described the mystical and transcendent features of the NDE, and the futuristic visions described by near-death experiencers. The early work of Michael Sabom also brought attention within the academic community. Besides contributing material to academic journals, he wrote a book called
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Even though NDEs were introduced to the academic setting, the subject was often met with academic disbelief, or regarded as taboo. The medical community has been reluctant to address the phenomenon of NDEs, and funding for research has been limited. However, both Ring and Sabom made contributions
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and the research of Donald West. In 1948 West investigated the occurrence of psi-phenomena in a small sample of the
British population. He found that "14 percent of his sample had undergone a hallucinatory experience and 9 percent had reported seeing apparitions of the dead". During the 1970s the
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is an experience reported by people who have come close to dying in a medical or non-medical setting. The aspect of trauma, and physical crises, is also recognized as an indicator for the phenomenon. Five percent of the adult
American population have had an NDE, according to Linda J. Griffith and
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According to literature the field of near-death studies is associated with discovery, challenges, and controversy. Skepticism towards the findings of near-death studies, and the validity of the near-death experience as a subject for scientific study, has been widespread. According to
Knapton, in
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Early contributions to the field of near-death studies also include the work of Russell Noyes, who collected NDE stories from personal accounts and medical records. According to commentators his work signalled the first big shift in perspective within the field, pulling the methodology away from
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items assessing attitude toward caring for a client who has had an NDE. Content validity was established by using a panel of experts selected from nursing, sociology, and psychology. The instrument was also found to satisfy the criteria for internal consistency. The instrument has been used to
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studies. From 1975 to 2005, some 2500 self reported individuals in the US had been reviewed in retrospective studies of the phenomena with an additional 600 outside the US in the West, and 70 in Asia. However, the late 1980s marked the beginning of prospective studies in the field. Prospective
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in the late sixties. The division went on to produce research on a number of phenomena that were not considered to be mainstream. In addition to near-death experiences this included: reincarnation and past lives, out-of-body experiences, apparitions and after-death communications, and deathbed
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The NDE is associated with a number of after-effects, or life-changing effects. The effects, which are often summarized by researchers, include a number of value, attitude and belief changes that reflect profound changes in personality, and a new outlook on life and death, human relations, and
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NDE researchers have also found that the NDE is not a uniquely western experience. Several elements and features of the NDE appear to be similar across cultures, but the details of the experience (figures, beings, scenery), and the interpretation of the experience, vary between cultures. A few
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has contested the findings of NDE research, and has instead argued in favour of a neurological explanation. Psychologist Christopher French has reviewed several of the theories that have originated from the field of near-death studies. This includes theories that present a challenge to modern
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But criticism of the field has also come from commentators within its own ranks. In an open letter to the NDE community Ring has pointed to the "issue of possible religious bias in near-death studies". According to Ring the field of near-death studies, as well as the larger NDE movement, has
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The first clinical paper from The AWARE-project (AWAreness during REsuscitation), another prospective study, was published in 2014. The research was a multicenter observational study including US, UK and Austrian medical sites. In the study Parnia and colleagues found that 9% of patients who
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in 1980. The authors used questionnaires, interviews, and medical records in order to study the phenomenology of NDEs and suggested that social and psychological factors explained some, but not all, components of the NDE. Greyson has also addressed different aspects of the NDE, such as the
423:, who profiled near-death studies. Morse and colleagues investigated NDEs in a pediatric population. They found that children reported NDEs that were similar to those described by adults. Morse later published two books, co-authored with Paul Perry, that were aimed at a general audience:
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in the study reported NDEs. The researchers also found that "NDE occur more often in patients with higher petCO2 and pCO2"; "higher serum levels of potassium correlate with higher score on Greysonâs NDE scale"; and "NDEs occur more often in patients with previous NDEs".
500:, Parnia and colleagues found that 11.1% of 63 cardiac-arrest survivors reported memories of their unconscious period. Several of these memories included NDE features. Greyson conducted a 30-month survey of patients admitted to the cardiac inpatient service of the
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spirituality. Many of the effects are considered to be positive or beneficial. Van Lommel and colleagues conducted a "longitudinal follow-up research into transformational processes after NDEs" and found a "long-lasting transformational effect of the experience".
442:, co-authored with his wife Elizabeth Fenwick. In the book the authors investigated more than 300 NDEs and concluded that the "subjective experience" is the key to understanding the phenomenon of NDEs. Co-operating with other researchers, such as
524:
mental health of military veterans. Goza, Holden & Kinsey studied NDEs among combat veterans. They found, among other things, that combat soldiers reported "less intense" near-death experiences, compared to NDErs in the civilian population.
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According to Loseu and colleagues, who published an analysis of the published literature in the field of near-death studies, there was a peak in the output of articles in the 15-year period between 1980 and 1995, followed by a decreasing trend.
311:(SPR) in England, and its American counterpart. The work attracted skepticism from contemporary branches of science. Also in the 1800s, two efforts moved beyond studying individual casesâone privately done by Mormons and one in Switzerland.
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completed stage 2 interviews reported experiences compatible with NDEs. A follow-up study, AWARE II, was completed in November 2022 (not yet peer-reviewed), and has resulted in 28 participants completing interviews, with 6 reporting a NDE.
515:
has also attracted attention to the topic of NDEs in both the academic, and the popular field. Long is a near death experience researcher who believes in life after death. In 2010 he released a book, co-authored with Paul Perry, called
610:, a 20-item scale constructed in order to reassess the Greyson NDE-scale and to validate the new NDE-C scale. The authors found weaknesses in the original NDE-scale, but good psychometric properties for the new NDE-C scale.
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attracted a variety of religious and spiritual affiliations, from a number of traditions, which makes ideological claims on behalf of NDE research. In his view this has compromised the integrity of research and discussion.
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Transcendental theories, consider a number of categories that fall outside the scope of physiological or psychological explanations. This explanatory model considers whether the NDE might be related to: the existence of an
552:
Greyson notes that although the index is a "pioneering effort", it is not based on statistical analysis, and has not been tested for internal coherence or reliability. In 1984 Ring developed an instrument called the
56:. Since then the field has expanded, and now includes contributions from a wide range of researchers and commentators worldwide. Research on near-death experiences is mainly limited to the disciplines of
438:
started to collect NDE stories in the 1980s, following their appearances in television programs. The responses from near-death experiencers later served as the basis for his book published in 1997,
250:
interpretations. Christian Agrillo notes that literature reports two main theoretical frameworks: (1) "biological/psychological" (in-brain theories), or (2) "survivalist" (out-of-brain theories).
638:, an international organization based in Durham, North Carolina, US, that promotes research and education on the phenomenon of near-death experiences. Among its publications is the peer-reviewed
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Thonnard M, Charland-Verville V, Brédart S, Dehon H, Ledoux D, Laureys S, Vanhaudenhuyse A. Characteristics of near-death experiences memories as compared to real and imagined events memories.
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Charland-Verville, Vanessa; Paula, Demetrius Ribeiro de; Martial, Charlotte; Cassol, Helena; Antonopoulos, Georgios; Chronik, Blaine Alexander; Soddu, Andrea; Laureys, Steven (2020-01-30).
587:. The instrument has been used to measure NDEs among cardiac arrest survivors, coma survivors, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients/survivors, substance misusers, and dialysis patients.
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Martial, Charlotte; Simon, Jessica; Puttaert, Ninon; Gosseries, Olivia; Charland-Verville, Vanessa; Nyssen, Anne-Sophie; Greyson, Bruce; Laureys, Steven; Cassol, Héléna (2020-11-01).
349:(1976). In the book Moody outlines the different elements of the NDE. These features were picked up by later researchers, and the book brought public attention to the topic of NDEs.
106:
Some general characteristics of an NDE include: subjective impressions of being outside the physical body; visions of deceased relatives and religious figures; and transcendence of
372:, who laid the foundations for the field of near-death studies, and carried out some of the first NDE research in the wake of Moody's work. The Association was a forerunner to the
458:
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Parnia S, Waller DG, Yeates R, Fenwick P. A qualitative and quantitative study of the incidence, features and aetiology of near death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors.
339:. Moody got interested in the subject of near-death experiences at the start of his career. In the mid-seventies, while doing his medical residency as a psychiatrist at the
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Klemenc-Ketis Z, Kersnik J, Grmec S. The effect of carbon dioxide on near-death experiences in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: a prospective observational study.
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Skeptics have remarked that it is difficult to verify many of the anecdotal reports that are being used as background material in order to outline the features of the NDE.
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Athappilly G, Greyson B, Stevenson I. Do Prevailing Societal Models Influence Reports of Near-Death Experiences? A Comparison of Accounts Reported Before and After 1975.
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phenomena. Precursors to the field of near-death studies include the work of paranormal investigators, such as William Crookes and Frederick W.H. Myers, and the work of
603:
measure attitudes toward, and knowledge of, near-death experiences in a college population, among clergy, among registered psychologists, and among hospice nurses.
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The book had many contributors and described how the NDE could be handled in psychiatric and clinical practice. In 2017 the University of Missouri Press published
556:(LCI) in order to quantify value changes following an NDE. The instrument was later revised and standardized and a new version, the LCI-R, was published in 2004.
299:
Individual cases of NDEs in literature have been identified in ancient times. During the 1880s and 1890s, near-death phenomena were part of the investigation of
91:. Surveys conducted in the US, Australia and Germany suggest that 4 to 15% of the population have had NDEs, according to IANDS. Researchers study the role of
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Klemenc-Ketis et al.: The effect of carbon dioxide on near-death experiences in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: a prospective observational study.
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and towards the principles of medicine. In the 1970s Noyes and Kletti reported on the phenomenon of depersonalization related to life-threatening danger.
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Adams, Rebecca G. Book review: A Collection of Near-Death Research Readings: Scientific Inquiries Into the Experiences of Persons Near Physical Death.
398:. In the book Ring identified the core near-death experience, with its corresponding stages. This early research was followed in 1984 by Ring's book
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attracted attention and she addressed the topic publicly. Interest in the topic was also spurred by autobiographical accounts, such as the books of
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Bechtel, Lori J.; Chen, Alex; Pierce, Richard A.; Walker, Barbara A. "Assessment of clergy knowledge and attitudes toward near-death experiences".
373:
47:
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Greyson, Bruce. "Commentary on 'Psychophysiological and Cultural Correlates Undermining a Survivalist Interpretation of Near-Death Experiences'".
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van Lommel P, van Wees R, Meyers V, Elfferich I. Near-Death Experience in Survivors of Cardiac Arrest: A prospective Study in the Netherlands.
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researchers have "challenged the hypothesis that near-death experience accounts are substantially influenced by prevailing cultural models".
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UNT (University of North Texas) News. "UNT research produces new findings on combat soldiers' near-death experiences". online, July 11, 2011
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Rice, DT, Nudell, NG, Habrat, DA, Smith, JE and Ernest, EV, CPR induced consciousness: sedation protocols for this special population.
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Parnia S, Spearpoint K, Fenwick PB. Near death experiences, cognitive function and psychological outcomes of surviving cardiac arrest.
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studies (which are more expensive) review groups of individuals and find who had an NDE. They had identified 270 individuals by 2005.
286:
Greyson, have argued for an expanded discussion about the mind-brain relationship as well as the possibilities of human consciousness.
42:(NDE). The field was originally associated with a distinct group of North American researchers that followed up on the initial work of
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Parnia S, Fenwick P. Near death experiences in cardiac arrest: visions of a dying brain or visions of a new science of consciousness.
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Another research organization, the Louisiana-based Near Death Experience Research Foundation, was established by radiation oncologist
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1248:
Belanti, John; Perera, Mahendra and Jagadheesan, Karuppiah. Phenomenology of Near-death Experiences: A Cross-cultural Perspective.
712:, a quarterly newsletter that is made available to its members and that includes commentary, news and articles of general interest.
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Schwaninger J, Eisenberg PR, Schechtman KB, Weiss AN. A Prospective Analysis of Near-Death Experiences in Cardiac Arrest Patients.
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Fulton, Robert. Book review: The Near-Death Experience: Problems, Prospects, Perspectives. by Bruce Greyson and Charles P. Flynn.
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The field of near-death studies includes several communities that study the phenomenology of NDEs. One of the most influential is
3720:
2858:
Martens PR. "Near-death-experiences in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. Meaningful phenomena or just fantasy of death?"
1950:
Loseu, Saharnaz et al. The Field of Near-Death Studies Through 2011: An Updated Analysis of the Scholarly Periodical Literature.
314:
The early 1900s was a period of disinterest in the topic, only marked by occasional contributions, including the commentaries of
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Augustine, K. "Psychophysiological and cultural correlates undermining a survivalist interpretation of near-death experiences".
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Holden, Janice Miner; Greyson, Bruce; James, Debbie, eds. (2009). "The Field of Near-Death Studies: Past, Present and Future".
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Parnia, S, et al. Awareness During Resuscitation - II: A Multi-Center Study of Consciousness and Awareness in Cardiac Arrest.
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Buehler, David A. Book review: Ring, Kenneth. Heading Toward Omega: is search of the meaning of the near-death experience.
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Hamby, Warren C. Reviewed Work(s): Life at Death: A Scientific Investigation of the Near-Death Experience by Kenneth Ring.
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Owens J, Cook E W, Stevenson I. Features of "near-death experience in relation to whether or not patients were near death.
501:
2343:
4017:
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Walker, Barbara & Russell, Robert D. "Assessing psychologists' knowledge and attitudes toward near-death phenomena".
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factors associated with the NDE. These dimensions are also the basis for the three major explanatory models for the NDE.
2842:
Klemenc-Ketis Z. "Life changes in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the effect of near-death experiences".
2077:
Asher, Catherine G. Book review: Ring, Kenneth. Life at Death: a scientific investigation of the near-death experience.
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409:
Some of the early retrospective work was being carried out by Greyson and Stevenson who published their findings in the
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2979:
969:. Informational Brochure published by the International Association for Near-death Studies. Durham, NC. Updated 7.24.07
717:
A Collection of Near-Death Research Readings: Scientific Inquiries Into the Experiences of Persons Near Physical Death,
411:
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In a study from 2020 Charland-Verville and colleagues studied the near-death experiences of 158 participants through
435:
446:, Fenwick has reviewed and researched the potential relationship between near-death experiences and cardiac arrest.
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Ketzenberger, Kay E. & Keim, Gina L. "The Near-Death Experience: Knowledge and Attitudes of College Students".
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2009:
Ring, Kenneth. Religious Wars in the NDE Movement: Some Personal Reflections on Michael Sabom's Light & Death.
2726:
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Blackmore, "Susan J. Near-death experiences". "Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine", Volume 89, February 1996
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Corazza, Ornella. Mortality. Book review: The handbook of near-death experiences: thirty years of investigation.
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data than the "mind-brain separation model" favored by many researchers within the field of near-death studies.
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Greyson, B. Dissociation in people who have near-death experiences: out of their bodies or out of their minds?
308:
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Olvera-Lopeza, Edgardo & Varona, Joseph. Editorial: âAWAREness during CPR: Be careful with what you say!â
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Kinsella, Michael. Near-Death Experiences and Networked Spirituality: The Emergence of an Afterlife Movement.
3801:
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Hagan, John C. (editor) (2017). The science of near-death experiences. Columbia: University of Missouri Press
1976:
Noyes, R., & Kletti, R. (1976). Depersonalization in the face of life-threatening danger: A description.
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Noble, Holcomb B. "Elisabeth KĂŒbler-Ross, 78, Dies; Psychiatrist Revolutionized Care of the Terminally Ill."
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IANDS holds conferences on the topic of near-death experiences. The first meeting was a medical seminar at
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Goza, Tracy H., Holden, Janice M. & Kinsey, Lee. Combat Near-Death Experiences: An Exploratory Study.
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was published. It was an overview of the field based on papers presented at the IANDS conference in 2006.
3735:
3216:
Van Way, Charles W. Book review: The Science of Near-Death Experiences by John C. Hagan III, MD, Editor.
2944:
Martial et al. The Near-Death Experience Content (NDE-C) scale: Development and psychometric validation.
828:
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Jason Braithwaite, a Senior Lecturer in Cognitive Neuroscience in the Behavioural Brain Sciences Centre,
345:
2790:
Lai et al. "Impact of near-death experiences on dialysis patients: a multicenter collaborative study".
683:
100:
35:
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Morse M, Conner D, Tyler D. "Near-death experiences in a pediatric population. A preliminary report".
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French, Christopher C. Near-death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors, in S. Laureys (Ed.) (2005)
343:, he conducted interviews with near-death experiencers. He later published these findings in the book
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Russell, Rebecca. "Book reviews: Making Sense of Near-Death Experiences: A Handbook for Clinicians".
663:
655:
377:
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Durham: International Association for Near-Death Studies. IANDS 2021 Press Kit. Accessed May 8, 2022
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Wallis, David. "Conversations/Dr. Ian Stevenson; You May Be Reading This In Some Future Past Life".
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Forgrave, Reid. "A glimpse of the 'other side': Seattle conference unites near-death individuals".
818:
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Eastman, Nigel. Reviewed Work(s): The Truth In The Light by Peter Fenwick and Elizabeth Fenwick.
644:. The organization also maintains an archive of near-death case histories for research and study.
364:, an initial group of academic researchers, including John Audette, Raymond Moody, Bruce Greyson,
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Sabom, M. (1982). Recollections of death: A medical investigation. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
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Transformed by the light : the powerful effect of near-death experiences on people's lives
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594:. The questionnaire consists of 23 true/false/undecided response items assessing knowledge, 23
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376:(IANDS), which was founded in the early eighties and which established its headquarters at the
340:
203:
107:
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Lange R, Greyson B, Houran J. "A Rasch scaling validation of a 'core' near-death experience".
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1989:
Noyes, R., & Kletti, R. (1977). Depersonalization in response to life-threatening danger.
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The wisdom of near-death experiences : how understanding NDEs can help us live more fully
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Facco, Enrico & Agrillo, Christian. Near-death experiences between science and prejudice.
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Barnett, Linda. "Hospice Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Toward the Near-Death Experience".
2660:"Characterization of near death experiences using text mining analyses: A preliminary study"
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that were influential for the newly established field. Ring published a book in 1980 called
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Ziegler, Jan. Near-death Experiences Deemed Worthy Of Serious Research . October 06, 1985,
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Walker, Barbara & Serdahely, William. Historical Perspectives on Near-Death Phenomena.
1781:
Greyson, Bruce. "Implications of near-death experiences for a postmaterialist psychology".
1765:
Greyson, Bruce. Incidence and correlates of near-death experiences in a cardiac care unit.
2727:"The Near-Death Experience Content (NDE-C) scale: Development and psychometric validation"
2525:"Dr. Jeffrey Long Takes On Critics of, Evidence of the Afterlife | Near Death Experiences"
2258:
Morse M, Castillo P, Venecia D, Milstein J, Tyler DC. "Childhood near-death experiences".
1320:
Greyson, Bruce. The near-death experience scale. Construction, reliability, and validity.
613:
Greyson has also used mainstream psychological measurements in his research, for example:
406:(1982) which is considered to be a significant publication in the launching of the field.
335:
Commentators note that the launch of the field of near-death studies started with work of
8:
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756:
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Early investigations into the topic of near-death experiences were also conducted at the
429:
Transformed by the light: the powerful effect of near-death experiences on people's lives
3286:
The new science of death: âThereâs something happening in the brain that makes no senseâ
2675:
1536:"Getting Comfortable With Near Death Experiences: An Overview of Near-Death Experiences"
1050:
Greyson, Bruce. "Near-Death Experiences in a Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic Population".
966:
380:, Storrs. This group of researchers, but especially Ring, was responsible for launching
4716:
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520:. In the book Long presented results from research conducted over the previous decade.
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Stevenson I, Cook EW. Involuntary memories during severe physical illness or injury.
1821:
1565:
1547:
1511:
1489:
1479:
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1020:
777:
The findings of NDE research have been contested by several writers in the fields of
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324:
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Knapton, Sarah. First hint of 'life after death' in biggest ever scientific study.
2949:
2741:
2697:
2679:
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Life after life : the investigation of a phenomenon â survival of bodily death
1924:
1555:
1506:
Orne RM. The meaning of survival: the early aftermath of a near-death experience.
547:
instruments have been adapted to near-death research. In 1980, Ring developed the
130:
a near-death-experience includes a few, or several, of the following 16 elements:
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3524:
3146:. Fall 87, Vol. 57 Issue 4, p447-448. 2p. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb00249.x
3129:
Kamerman, J. (1984). A Collection of near-death research readings (Book Review).
2953:
2745:
2684:
1815:
786:
679:
580:
432:
420:
118:
believe these messages and the experience happened to them for a greater reason.
3339:
Engmann, B: The cart was put before the horse - Basic problems in NDE research.
3101:
Cosmos Magazine Staff. "Near-death experiences go under the French microscope".
2871:
Corazza O, Schifano F. "Near-death states reported in a sample of 50 misusers".
739:
a compilation of articles that were originally published in the medical journal
651:
in 1998. The foundation maintains a website and a database of near-death cases.
4734:
4458:
4289:
4050:
3985:
3818:
3796:
3673:
3621:
3381:
3363:
2582:
Parnia S, et al. AWARE â AWAreness during REsuscitation â A prospective study.
854:
American Psychiatric Association (Code V62.89, Religious or Spiritual Problem).
823:
482:
354:
315:
304:
4191:
177:
Encountering a mystical being or presence, or hearing an unidentifiable voice.
4759:
4493:
4478:
4435:
4393:
4347:
4181:
4159:
4035:
4002:
3894:
3869:
3172:, May 2010, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p180-181. 2p. DOI: 10.1080/13576275.2010.482784.
2753:
2693:
1551:
1493:
719:
edited by Craig R. Lundahl and released in 1982. An early general reader was
475:
454:
384:, the first peer-reviewed journal within the field. The journal later became
369:
336:
88:
43:
3368:
2612:
Robb, Alice. The Scientists Studying Life After Death Are Not Total Frauds.
2505:
MacDonald, G. Jeffrey. "Scientists probe brief brushes with the afterlife".
1928:
1344:
Greyson, Bruce. The near-death experience as a focus of clinical attention.
4709:
4590:
4473:
4357:
4274:
4198:
4186:
4045:
3952:
3889:
3884:
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3638:
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3457:
3345:
https://www.resuscitationjournal.com/article/S0300-9572(15)00808-4/fulltext
2761:
2711:
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2105:
Heading toward omega: In search of the meaning of the near-death experience
1569:
1199:
Graves, Lee. Altered States. Scientists analyze the near-death experience.
1103:
1024:
782:
648:
599:
595:
544:
512:
486:
400:
Heading Toward Omega: In Search of the Meaning of the Near-Death Experience
365:
2774:
Lester, David. "Depth of Near-Death Experiences and Confounding Factors".
2273:
Closer to the light : learning from children's near-death experiences
1716:
Britton W. B., Bootzin R. R. Near-death experiences and the temporal lobe.
1515:
1379:
Yang, C. Paul; Lukoff, David; Lu, Francis. Working with Spiritual Issues.
690:
became the first medical institution to host the annual IANDS conference.
4665:
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4565:
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4545:
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4337:
4294:
4124:
4007:
3643:
3609:
3541:
3519:
3514:
3504:
2380:
Cadoret, Remi J. "Book Forum: European Cases of the Reincarnation Type".
2354:
Fox, Margalit. "Ian Stevenson Dies at 88; Studied Claims of Past Lives".
1674:
Agrillo, Christian. Near-Death Experience: Out-of-Body and Out-of-Brain?
1661:
Greyson, Bruce. Western Scientific Approaches to Near-Death Experiences.
584:
532:
2332:
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4415:
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3990:
3957:
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3571:
3529:
3509:
3419:
3181:
Mahendra Perera, Karuppiah Jagadheesan, Anthony Peake (editors) (2011)
3088:
Hopper, Leigh. "Conference to shed light on 'near-death' experiences".
2803:
Greyson, Bruce; Ring, Kenneth. "The Life Changes Inventory â Revised."
778:
654:
Several universities have been associated with near-death studies: the
443:
300:
189:
96:
92:
65:
61:
31:
27:
23:
2221:
Life at death. A scientific investigation of the near-death experience
2155:. 1980 Oct;137(10):1193-6. doi: 10.1176/ajp.137.10.1193. PMID 7416264.
2066:
Life at death: A scientific investigation of the near-death experience
715:
One of the first introductions to the field of near-death studies was
598:
items assessing general attitudes toward near-death phenomena, and 20
396:
Life at Death: A Scientific Investigation of the Near-Death Experience
4680:
4675:
4640:
4430:
4322:
4107:
4060:
3997:
3962:
3937:
3813:
3494:
3489:
3364:
University of Virginia Health System â Division of Perceptual Studies
3288:
The Guardian. By Alex Blasdel. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
2151:
Greyson B, Stevenson I. The phenomenology of near-death experiences.
1817:
The Handbook of Near-Death Experiences: Thirty Years of Investigation
1644:
1642:
1473:
277:, a changing state of consciousness, mystical (peak) experiences, or
274:
4258:
1478:. Watkins Media. pp. Chapter 9, Section: Therapeutic Benefits.
1260:
1258:
425:
Closer to the light: learning from children's near-death experiences
269:
or phenomena generated on the border between sleep and wakefullness.
4655:
4625:
4176:
4164:
4097:
3925:
3594:
3561:
3447:
3427:
3259:
O'Connor, Anahad. "Following a Bright Light to a Calmer Tomorrow".
3018:"Postcards from heaven: scientists to study near-death experiences"
2965:
Greyson, Bruce. "Reduced death threat in near-death experiencers".
2657:
2297:
Fenwick, Peter & Mensel, Lars. I'm no longer afraid of death.
469:
262:
57:
3183:
Making Sense of Near-Death Experiences: A Handbook for Clinicians.
3175:
2510:
1639:
1054:, Dec., Vol. 54 No. 12. The American Psychiatric Association, 2003
563:. This 16-item scale was found to have high internal consistency,
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4332:
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3484:
2600:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1255:
880:
Sommers MS. The near-death experience following multiple trauma.
729:
Making Sense of Near-Death Experiences: A Handbook for Clinicians
725:
Handbook of Near-Death Experiences: thirty years of investigation
2239:
2236:. 240.20 (May 17, 1993): p. 17. From Literature Resource Center.
2180:
Greyson, Bruce. "The psychodynamics of near-death experiences."
1895:
Slayton, Jeremy. "Death Notice: George Gordon Ritchie Jr dies".
708:, the only scholarly journal in the field. IANDS also publishes
629:
518:
Evidence of the Afterlife: The Science of Near-Death Experiences
4645:
4342:
4112:
3980:
3904:
3546:
2022:
New York Times staff. Connecticut Guide; Near-death Symposium.
1242:
474:
The first decades of near-death research were characterized by
1681:
4228:
4208:
4149:
3947:
3404:
2724:
2617:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
936:
Griffith, Linda J. Near-Death Experiences and Psychotherapy,
721:
The Near-Death Experience: Problems, Prospects, Perspectives,
635:
3343:. 2015 Dec;97:e13. DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.03.029
3157:
The Near-Death Experience: Problems, Prospects, Perspectives
2302:
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1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
362:
Association for the Scientific Study of Near-Death Phenomena
2865:
2206:
Greyson B. "Biological aspects of near-death experiences".
1729:
Ruttimann, Jacqueline. Are near-death experiences a dream?
621:, a measure of the threat implied by one's personal death.
3359:
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1612:, Volume 336, Issue 8724, November 10, 1990, pp. 1175â77.
592:
Near-Death Phenomena Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire
3155:
Bruce Greyson (Editor), Charles P. Flynn (Editor) (1984)
1882:
Anderson, Jon. "Shedding light on life at death's door".
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1589:
1399:
864:
Reported memories were assessed by the Greyson NDE Scale.
3373:
3358:
3056:
1712:
1710:
1582:
Greyson B, Bush NE. Distressing near-death experiences.
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
193:
van Lommel and colleagues list ten elements of the NDE:
2797:
2425:
Greyson, Bruce. An Overview of Near-Death Experiences.
2145:
1983:
1970:
1576:
1078:
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1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
2885:
2883:
2881:
1834:
1231:
1229:
3328:"Towards a Cognitive Neuroscience of the Dying Brain"
3095:
2487:
Beck, Melinda. "Seeking Proof in Near-Death Claims".
2448:
1707:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
3149:
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1057:
1011:
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1007:
1005:
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1001:
999:
997:
995:
330:
289:
161:
An awareness of things going on elsewhere, as if by
2878:
2823:
2586:, Vol. 85, Issue 12, p1799-1805, December 01, 2014.
2387:
2193:Greyson B. "A typology of near-death experiences."
2170:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.09.023
1373:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
666:(US) and the Division of Perceptual Studies at the
3253:
2836:
1813:
1206:
2786:
2784:
2571:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2051:Bush, Nancy Evans. "Is Ten Years a Life Review?"
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
952:Greyson B. "Varieties of near-death experience".
4757:
3309:
3307:
2901:
2899:
2854:
2852:
2541:
2252:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1878:
1876:
1761:
1759:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
972:
470:Later period â new profiles, prospective studies
374:International Association for Near-death Studies
360:The late seventies saw the establishment of the
48:International Association for Near-Death Studies
3291:
3069:
2972:
2437:
2435:
2421:
2419:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
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1936:
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1775:
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1354:
1340:
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1334:
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1330:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
624:
496:In a prospective study from 2001, conducted at
3062:Gordon, Scott. "Evanston's brush with death."
2781:
2494:
2405:
2403:
2314:Fenwick, Peter and Fenwick, Elizabeth (1997).
1788:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1386:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
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1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
959:
948:
946:
152:A sense of harmony or unity with the universe.
3389:
3304:
3188:
3162:
3082:
2896:
2849:
2174:
2158:
2068:. New York, NY: Coward, McCann and Geoghegan.
1902:
1873:
1820:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 1â16.
1756:
1736:
1154:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
688:University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
630:Research organizations and academic locations
180:Seeing deceased persons or religious spirits.
3244:Soul-searching doctors find life after death
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2432:
2416:
2374:
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2200:
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2045:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1933:
1889:
1772:
1749:Williams, Daniel. At the Hour Of Our Death.
1668:
1655:
1351:
1327:
1301:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
748:
3236:
3136:
2996:
2558:
2400:
2361:
1921:Journal of the American Academy of Religion
1723:
1615:
1174:
1029:
943:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
608:Near-Death Experience Content (NDE-C) scale
583:. The NDE-scale was later found to fit the
253:Each model contains a number of variables:
171:A feeling of being separated from the body.
3396:
3382:
2549:Is There Such a Thing as Life After Death?
2136:
2123:
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1923:, March 2017, Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 168â198
1860:
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1147:Mauro, James. Bright lights, big mystery.
1019:. Feb;48(2): 149â56, 2001 PubMed abstract
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
617:, a measure of dissociative symptoms; and
590:In the late 1980s Thornburg developed the
419:The 1980s also introduced the research of
183:Coming to a border, or point of no return.
174:Experiencing a different, unearthly world.
3418:
3369:Links to 290 online NDE Scientific Papers
3330:. The Skeptic, Volume 21, Issue 2 (2008).
3123:
3035:
3015:
2701:
2683:
2589:
2474:
2213:
2042:
2039:, Jul., 1985, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 452-453
1996:
1967:. Harrisburg, Pa. : Stackpole Books.
1559:
1500:
1282:
1271:
1266:The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
1108:
1098:. December 15, 2001; 358(9298): 2039â45.
3051:"IANDS Fact Sheet, As of December, 2010"
2636:
2522:
2489:The Wall Street Journal (Health Journal)
2348:
2260:American Journal of Diseases of Children
2247:American Journal of Diseases of Children
2232:Maryles, Daisy. Behind the bestsellers.
2223:. New York: Coward McCann and Geoghenan.
2129:Sabom, M. B. The near-death experience.
697:
261:Physiological theories tend to focus on
71:
3016:Stevenson, Rachel (18 September 2008).
2529:Skeptiko - Science at the Tipping Point
2321:
2284:Morse, Melvin (with Paul Perry) (1992)
2271:Morse, Melvin (with Paul Perry) (1990)
2226:
2110:
1783:Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
1533:
1471:
1285:"The Science of Near-Death Experiences"
887:
4758:
3201:
2820:. Volume: 95 Part: 2 pp. 161-177, 2004
2768:
1665:2015, 4, 775â796; doi:10.3390/h4040775
1322:Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
940:(Edgmont). 2009 October; 6(10): 35â42.
874:
737:The Science Of Near-death Experiences,
694:care doctor Jean-Jacques Charbonnier.
606:Martial and colleagues developed the
258:fantasy, and the memory of being born.
121:
3746:List of ways people dishonor the dead
3377:
3105:, June 18, 2006. Cosmos Media Pty Ltd
2595:Weintraub, Pamela. Seeing the light.
2395:Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
2333:https://www.jstor.org/stable/29727231
2182:Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
2084:
2071:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1392:Weintraub, Pamela. Seeing the Light.
1346:Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
244:
218:Observation of a celestial landscape.
155:Confrontation with a brilliant light.
3002:Adler, Jerry. "Back From the Dead".
2623:
2606:
168:Experiencing scenes from the future.
3276:online. Accessed September 21, 2014
3185:Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 176 pp
2794:. 2007 Jul;50(1): 124â32, 132.e1-2.
2441:Orlando, A. (2021). Death Defying.
2409:French, Christopher. "Commentary."
1268:, Volume 194, Number 3, March 2006.
1201:The University of Virginia Magazine
967:"Near-death experiences: Key Facts"
146:A feeling of peace or pleasantness.
143:A sudden insight, or understanding.
13:
3751:List of ways people honor the dead
1520:
615:The Dissociative Experiences Scale
14:
4792:
3782:GompertzâMakeham law of mortality
3352:
3220:, January/February 2018, 115:1, 2
3196:The British Journal of Psychiatry
331:Formative period â early profiles
290:Research â history and background
140:A return of scenes from the past.
4739:
4730:
4729:
3333:
3320:
3279:
3266:
3223:
3210:
3108:
3044:
3009:
2984:
2959:
2925:
2912:
1508:Research in Nursing & Health
1283:Lichfield, Gideon (2015-03-17).
723:published in 1984. In 2009, the
538:
231:
46:, and who later established the
4740:
2810:
2718:
2651:
2555:magazine, online, Jan. 22, 2010
2516:
2337:
2318:. New York : Berkley Books
2308:
2291:
2288:. New York : Villard Books
2278:
2275:. New York : Villard Books
2265:
2097:
2081:, September 15, 1980, page 1870
2058:
2029:
2016:
1957:
1857:, 9(2) Winter 1990, pp. 105-121
1465:
1449:"Near-Death Experiences (NDEs)"
1441:
1370:. Feb 5;355(9202): 460â63, 2000
1237:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
845:van Lommel et.al, 2001: Table 2
571:and was correlated with Ring's
561:The Near-Death Experience Scale
502:University of Virginia Hospital
149:A feeling of happiness, or joy.
110:and spatiotemporal boundaries.
2344:Division of Perceptual Studies
2107:.New York, NY: William Morrow.
1453:Division of Perceptual Studies
860:
849:
841:
702:IANDS publishes the quarterly
673:
573:Weighted Core Experience Index
549:Weighted Core Experience Index
459:Division of Perceptual Studies
412:American Journal of Psychiatry
309:Society for Psychical Research
221:Meeting with deceased persons.
1:
3802:Maternal mortality in fiction
3315:Journal of Near-Death Studies
3299:Journal of Near Death Studies
2933:Journal of Near-Death Studies
2922:, Volume 19, Number 4, 227â32
2920:Journal of Near-Death Studies
2907:Journal of Near-Death Studies
2891:Journal of Near-Death Studies
2818:British Journal of Psychology
2805:Journal of Near-Death Studies
2523:Tsakiris, Alex (2010-03-25).
2456:Journal of Near-Death Studies
2053:Journal of Near-Death Studies
2011:Journal of Near-Death Studies
1952:Journal of Near-Death Studies
1855:Journal of Near-Death Studies
1678:, 2011, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1â10.
868:
705:Journal of Near-Death Studies
641:Journal of Near-Death Studies
387:Journal of Near-Death Studies
294:
134:Time speeds up or slows down.
53:Journal of Near-Death Studies
3716:Expressions related to death
3669:Medical declaration of death
2954:10.1016/j.concog.2020.103049
2893:, Vol. 8, Number 2, 103â110
2746:10.1016/j.concog.2020.103049
2685:10.1371/journal.pone.0227402
2262:, Nov;140(11): 1110â14, 1986
1785:, Vol 2(1), Feb 2010, 37â45.
1676:Review of General Psychology
625:Near death studies community
581:nonspecific stress responses
498:Southampton General Hospital
7:
3736:Preventable causes of death
2833:. 2013;8(3):e57620. Mar 27.
2776:Perceptual and Motor Skills
2734:Consciousness and Cognition
2620:, retrieved January 3, 2023
2603:, retrieved January 3, 2023
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2305:, retrieved January 5, 2023
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2210:. 1998 Autumn;42(1): 14â32.
1899:, online, October 31, 2007
1767:General Hospital Psychiatry
1472:Sartori, Dr. Penny (2014).
829:Human Consciousness Project
812:
158:The senses feel more vivid.
137:Thought-processes speed up.
10:
4797:
3159:. Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd
3092:, online, October 25, 2006
2935:, Vol 10(3), 1992, 161â70.
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1634:Progress in Brain Research
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684:Seattle Pacific University
75:
4725:
4451:
4381:
4267:
4221:
4103:Consciousness after death
4083:
4026:
3971:
3913:
3862:
3851:
3844:
3759:
3696:
3590:
3411:
3403:
2969:, Vol. 16, Issue 6, 1992.
2875:. 2010 May;45(6): 916â24.
2862:. 1994 Mar;27(2): 171â75.
2807:, Vol 23(1), 2004, 41â54.
2631:British Paramedic Journal
2133:1980 Jul 4;244(1): 29â30.
1963:Moody Raymond A. (1976).
1704:. 2007 Aug;74(2): 215â21.
1586:. 1992 Feb;55(1): 95â110.
956:. 1993 Nov;56(4): 390â99.
749:Recognition and criticism
664:University of North Texas
656:University of Connecticut
378:University of Connecticut
212:Communication with light.
38:and after-effects of the
4781:Transpersonal psychology
4766:Medical aspects of death
4504:Personification of death
3726:People by cause of death
3301:, 26 (2): 89â125 (2007).
3263:, online, April 13, 2004
3250:, online, Oct. 22, 2000
2511:www.christiancentury.org
2429:, November/December 2013
2197:. 1985 Aug;142(8):967-9.
2120:, August 1984, page 1455
1991:Comprehensive Psychiatry
1396:, September/October 2014
1250:Transcultural Psychiatry
884:. 1994 Apr;14(2): 62â66.
834:
819:Transpersonal psychology
795:University of Birmingham
585:Rasch rating scale model
267:rapid eye movement sleep
209:Moving through a tunnel.
197:Awareness of being dead.
187:In a study published in
4581:Death-positive movement
4426:Post-mortem photography
3706:Causes of death by rate
3634:Death by natural causes
3120:. Accessed May 8, 2022.
3079:, online, July 27, 2001
3066:, online, June 30, 2004
2846:. 2013 Mar;20(1): 7â12.
2601:www.psychologytoday.com
2384:162: 823â24, April 2005
2329:British Medical Journal
1897:Richmond Times Dispatch
1886:, online, May 13, 2004
1753:magazine. Aug. 31, 2007
1733:, online April 10, 2006
1534:Greyson, Bruce (2013).
745:between 2013 and 2015.
577:organic brain syndromes
569:test-retest reliability
307:societies, such as the
215:Observation of colours.
163:extrasensory perception
4771:Near-death experiences
4616:Fascination with death
4254:Reincarnation research
4249:Out-of-body experience
3711:Notable deaths by year
3552:Immunogenic cell death
3468:Temporal lobe necrosis
3131:Contemporary Sociology
3064:The Daily Northwestern
3053:. Accessed 2012-02-09.
2993:. Accessed 2011-02-06.
2599:, September 02, 2014,
2413:358, pp. 2010â11, 2001
2219:Ring, Kenneth. (1980)
2037:Contemporary Sociology
1438:. 2002 Jan;52(1): 5â11
668:University of Virginia
660:Southampton University
565:split-half reliability
554:Life Changes Inventory
491:Barnes-Jewish Hospital
451:University of Virginia
440:The Truth in the light
404:Recollections of Death
341:University of Virginia
204:Out of body experience
4421:Post-mortem chemistry
4234:Near-death experience
4130:Desecration of graves
4066:Postmortem caloricity
4031:Beating heart cadaver
3475:Programmed cell death
3443:Liquefactive necrosis
3233:, online, Oct 7, 2014
3090:The Houston Chronicle
2633:2016, vol. 1(2) 24â29
2507:The Christian Century
1929:10.1093/jaarel/lfw037
1203:, Summer 2007 Feature
731:was published in 2011
698:Relevant publications
321:Elisabeth KĂŒbler-Ross
84:near-death experience
78:Near-death experience
72:Near-death experience
40:near-death experience
4611:Festival of the Dead
4509:Dying-and-rising god
4464:Chinese burial money
4353:Prohibition of dying
4305:Death-qualified jury
4071:Post-mortem interval
3731:Premature obituaries
3438:Coagulative necrosis
3317:, 26(2), Winter 2007
3144:Sociological Inquiry
2948:2020 Nov;86:103049.
2646:, January 11, 2023,
2547:Fitzpatrick, Laura.
2458:, 20(4), Summer 2002
2371:, September 26, 1999
1954:, 31(4), Summer 2013
1052:Psychiatric Services
279:mind-body separation
4671:Philosophy of death
4536:Death from laughter
3836:Perinatal mortality
3577:Mitotic catastrophe
3557:Ischemic cell death
3500:Intrinsic apoptosis
3448:Gangrenous necrosis
3326:Braithwaite, J. J.
2991:IANDS: NDE Archives
2909:, 9(4), Summer 1991
2676:2020PLoSO..1527402C
2618:www.newrepublic.com
2616:, October 8, 2014,
2568:, 179,10:1113, 2014
2358:, February 18, 2007
2013:, 18(4) Summer 2000
1383:, 36:3, March 2006.
757:The Daily Telegraph
227:Presence of border.
122:Elements of the NDE
16:Field of psychology
4717:Thanatosensitivity
4621:Hierarchy of death
4561:Death notification
4469:Coins for the dead
4401:Forensic pathology
4285:Capital punishment
4239:Near-death studies
3831:Mortality salience
3463:Fibrinoid necrosis
3433:Avascular necrosis
2491:, October 25, 2010
2303:www.theeuropean.de
2064:Ring, K. (1980a).
1769:, 25 (2003) 269â76
1381:Psychiatric Annals
559:Greyson developed
245:Explanatory models
200:Positive emotions.
20:Near-death studies
4753:
4752:
4489:Death anniversary
4484:Death and culture
4328:Dying declaration
4310:Death certificate
4217:
4216:
4079:
4078:
3931:Neuropreservation
3721:Natural disasters
3692:
3691:
3242:Petre, Jonathan.
3218:Missouri Medicine
3077:The Seattle Times
2566:Military Medicine
2427:Missouri Medicine
2234:Publishers Weekly
2208:Perspect Biol Med
2168:85 (2014) A5âA6,
2103:Ring, K. (1984).
2055:, 10(1) Fall 1991
1870:, August 26, 2004
1827:978-0-313-35864-7
1652:. 2010;14(2):R56.
1540:Missouri Medicine
1485:978-1-5252-3092-9
771:Internet Infidels
742:Missouri Medicine
433:neuropsychiatrist
305:parapsychological
126:According to the
30:that studies the
4788:
4743:
4742:
4733:
4732:
4713:
4698:Assisted suicide
4596:Death trajectory
4411:Mortuary science
4406:Funeral director
4397:
4363:Suspicious death
4135:Eternal oblivion
3921:Cryopreservation
3860:
3859:
3849:
3848:
3787:Infant mortality
3777:Excess mortality
3679:Terminal illness
3664:Lazarus syndrome
3649:End-of-life care
3600:Accidental death
3453:Caseous necrosis
3416:
3415:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3347:
3337:
3331:
3324:
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3000:
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2929:
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2903:
2894:
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2876:
2873:Subst Use Misuse
2869:
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2834:
2827:
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2808:
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2795:
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2715:
2705:
2687:
2655:
2649:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2614:The New Republic
2610:
2604:
2597:Psychology Today
2593:
2587:
2580:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2520:
2514:
2509:, Jan 12, 2011,
2503:
2492:
2485:
2472:
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2452:
2446:
2439:
2430:
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2414:
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2306:
2295:
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2276:
2269:
2263:
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2250:
2243:
2237:
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2217:
2211:
2204:
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2191:
2185:
2178:
2172:
2162:
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2140:
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2121:
2114:
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2101:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2075:
2069:
2062:
2056:
2049:
2040:
2033:
2027:
2026:, April 25, 1982
2020:
2014:
2007:
1994:
1993:, 18(4),375â384.
1987:
1981:
1974:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1948:
1931:
1917:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1880:
1871:
1864:
1858:
1851:
1832:
1831:
1811:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1763:
1754:
1747:
1734:
1727:
1721:
1720:15, 254â58, 2004
1714:
1705:
1698:
1679:
1672:
1666:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1637:
1630:
1613:
1606:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1563:
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1518:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1445:
1439:
1432:
1397:
1394:Psychology Today
1390:
1384:
1377:
1371:
1364:
1349:
1342:
1325:
1318:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1280:
1269:
1262:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1233:
1204:
1197:
1172:
1169:
1152:
1149:Psychology Today
1145:
1106:
1092:
1055:
1048:
1027:
1013:
970:
963:
957:
950:
941:
934:
885:
878:
863:
852:
844:
619:The Threat Index
431:(1992). British
50:(IANDS) and the
4796:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4721:
4707:
4651:Museum of Death
4601:Dignified death
4556:Death messenger
4531:Death education
4447:
4391:
4377:
4315:Declared death
4263:
4213:
4170:Online mourning
4075:
4041:Cadaveric spasm
4022:
3967:
3909:
3900:Skeletonization
3840:
3772:Child mortality
3767:Birthday effect
3755:
3688:
3684:Unnatural death
3615:Brainstem death
3586:
3525:Pseudoapoptosis
3407:
3402:
3355:
3350:
3338:
3334:
3325:
3321:
3312:
3305:
3296:
3292:
3284:
3280:
3274:Chicago Tribune
3271:
3267:
3258:
3254:
3241:
3237:
3228:
3224:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:(2012) 201: 415
3193:
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3176:
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3163:
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3141:
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3109:
3103:Cosmos Magazine
3100:
3096:
3087:
3083:
3074:
3070:
3061:
3057:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3014:
3010:
3006:, July 23, 2007
3001:
2997:
2989:
2985:
2977:
2973:
2964:
2960:
2946:Conscious Cogn.
2943:
2939:
2930:
2926:
2917:
2913:
2904:
2897:
2888:
2879:
2870:
2866:
2857:
2850:
2844:Int J Behav Med
2841:
2837:
2828:
2824:
2815:
2811:
2802:
2798:
2792:Am J Kidney Dis
2789:
2782:
2773:
2769:
2729:
2723:
2719:
2670:(1): e0227402.
2656:
2652:
2641:
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2607:
2594:
2590:
2581:
2572:
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2559:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2531:
2521:
2517:
2504:
2495:
2486:
2475:
2466:
2462:
2453:
2449:
2445:, 42(6), 50â58.
2440:
2433:
2424:
2417:
2408:
2401:
2392:
2388:
2382:Am J Psychiatry
2379:
2375:
2366:
2362:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2338:
2326:
2322:
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2309:
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2266:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2240:
2231:
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2205:
2201:
2195:Am J Psychiatry
2192:
2188:
2179:
2175:
2163:
2159:
2153:Am J Psychiatry
2150:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2124:
2118:Library Journal
2115:
2111:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2085:
2079:Library Journal
2076:
2072:
2063:
2059:
2050:
2043:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2017:
2008:
1997:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1958:
1949:
1934:
1918:
1903:
1894:
1890:
1884:Chicago Tribune
1881:
1874:
1865:
1861:
1852:
1835:
1828:
1812:
1789:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1757:
1748:
1737:
1731:Nature magazine
1728:
1724:
1715:
1708:
1699:
1682:
1673:
1669:
1660:
1656:
1647:
1640:
1631:
1616:
1607:
1590:
1581:
1577:
1532:
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1486:
1470:
1466:
1457:
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1447:
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1387:
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1352:
1343:
1328:
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1293:
1291:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1256:
1252:, 2008 45: 121.
1247:
1243:
1239:. 2012; 6: 209.
1234:
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1155:
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1093:
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960:
951:
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888:
882:Crit Care Nurse
879:
875:
871:
837:
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787:Susan Blackmore
751:
700:
680:Yale University
676:
632:
627:
541:
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346:Life After Life
333:
297:
292:
247:
234:
124:
80:
74:
17:
12:
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4776:Parapsychology
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4751:
4750:
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4747:
4737:
4726:
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4720:
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4471:
4466:
4461:
4459:Apparent death
4455:
4453:
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4440:
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4438:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
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4360:
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4340:
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4330:
4325:
4320:
4312:
4307:
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4290:Cause of death
4287:
4282:
4280:Administration
4277:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
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4081:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
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4051:Death erection
4048:
4043:
4038:
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4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
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4010:
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4000:
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3994:
3993:
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3986:Natural burial
3977:
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3955:
3950:
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3940:
3935:
3934:
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3866:
3864:
3857:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3819:Mortality rate
3816:
3811:
3804:
3799:
3797:Maternal death
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3741:Unusual deaths
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:Organ donation
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3622:Clinical death
3619:
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3354:
3353:External links
3351:
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3261:New York Times
3252:
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2971:
2958:
2937:
2924:
2911:
2895:
2877:
2864:
2848:
2835:
2822:
2809:
2796:
2780:
2778:, 2003,96, 18.
2767:
2717:
2650:
2635:
2622:
2605:
2588:
2570:
2557:
2540:
2515:
2493:
2473:
2460:
2447:
2431:
2415:
2399:
2386:
2373:
2369:New York Times
2360:
2356:New York Times
2347:
2336:
2320:
2307:
2301:, 10.03.2013,
2290:
2277:
2264:
2251:
2238:
2225:
2212:
2199:
2186:
2173:
2157:
2144:
2135:
2122:
2109:
2096:
2083:
2070:
2057:
2041:
2028:
2024:New York Times
2015:
1995:
1982:
1969:
1956:
1932:
1901:
1888:
1872:
1868:New York Times
1859:
1833:
1826:
1787:
1771:
1755:
1735:
1722:
1706:
1680:
1667:
1654:
1638:
1614:
1588:
1575:
1546:(6): 475â481.
1519:
1499:
1484:
1464:
1440:
1398:
1385:
1372:
1350:
1326:
1300:
1270:
1254:
1241:
1205:
1173:
1153:
1107:
1056:
1028:
971:
958:
942:
886:
872:
870:
867:
866:
865:
856:
855:
846:
836:
833:
832:
831:
826:
824:Parapsychology
821:
814:
811:
750:
747:
699:
696:
686:. In 2006 the
675:
672:
631:
628:
626:
623:
540:
537:
483:Pim van Lommel
471:
468:
355:parapsychology
332:
329:
325:George Ritchie
316:Gardner Murphy
296:
293:
291:
288:
283:
282:
270:
259:
246:
243:
233:
230:
229:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
201:
198:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
123:
120:
101:transcendental
76:Main article:
73:
70:
22:is a field of
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4793:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4746:
4738:
4736:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4494:Death anxiety
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4479:Darwin Awards
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4436:Biostratinomy
4434:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:Necropolitics
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4182:Reincarnation
4180:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4085:Other aspects
4082:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4036:Body donation
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Dismemberment
4001:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3948:Mummification
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3905:Fossilization
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3895:Decomposition
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3870:Pallor mortis
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3387:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3346:
3342:
3341:Resuscitation
3336:
3329:
3323:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3300:
3294:
3287:
3282:
3275:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3249:
3248:The Telegraph
3245:
3239:
3232:
3231:The Telegraph
3226:
3219:
3213:
3204:
3197:
3191:
3184:
3178:
3171:
3165:
3158:
3152:
3145:
3139:
3132:
3126:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3098:
3091:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3065:
3059:
3052:
3047:
3038:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2999:
2992:
2987:
2980:
2975:
2968:
2967:Death Studies
2962:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2934:
2928:
2921:
2915:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2868:
2861:
2860:Resuscitation
2855:
2853:
2845:
2839:
2832:
2826:
2819:
2813:
2806:
2800:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2777:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2632:
2626:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2585:
2584:Resuscitation
2579:
2577:
2575:
2567:
2561:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2470:
2469:Critical Care
2464:
2457:
2451:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2390:
2383:
2377:
2370:
2364:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2317:
2311:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2287:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2255:
2248:
2242:
2235:
2229:
2222:
2216:
2209:
2203:
2196:
2190:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2166:Resuscitation
2161:
2154:
2148:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2093:
2087:
2080:
2074:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1986:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1869:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1726:
1719:
1718:Psychol. Sci.
1713:
1711:
1703:
1702:Resuscitation
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1658:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1635:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1585:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1468:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1437:
1436:Resuscitation
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1389:
1382:
1376:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1251:
1245:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:Resuscitation
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
968:
962:
955:
949:
947:
939:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
883:
877:
873:
862:
858:
857:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
810:
806:
804:
798:
796:
791:
788:
784:
780:
775:
772:
768:
765:
761:
759:
758:
746:
744:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
706:
695:
691:
689:
685:
681:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
645:
643:
642:
637:
622:
620:
616:
611:
609:
604:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
555:
550:
546:
539:Psychometrics
536:
534:
529:
525:
521:
519:
514:
509:
505:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
477:
476:retrospective
467:
463:
460:
456:
455:Ian Stevenson
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
436:Peter Fenwick
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
414:
413:
407:
405:
401:
397:
391:
389:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:Michael Sabom
367:
363:
358:
356:
350:
348:
347:
342:
338:
337:Raymond Moody
328:
326:
322:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
287:
280:
276:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:
254:
251:
242:
238:
232:After-effects
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
194:
192:
191:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
131:
129:
119:
115:
111:
109:
104:
102:
98:
97:psychological
94:
93:physiological
90:
89:Bruce Greyson
85:
79:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:Raymond Moody
41:
37:
36:phenomenology
33:
29:
25:
21:
4591:Death threat
4474:Dark tourism
4416:Necrobiology
4358:Right to die
4316:
4275:Abortion law
4238:
4199:Resurrection
4187:Palingenesis
4084:
4046:Coffin birth
3953:Plastination
3914:Preservation
3890:Putrefaction
3885:Rigor mortis
3880:Algor mortis
3875:Livor mortis
3852:
3808:Memento mori
3806:
3659:Lazarus sign
3639:Death rattle
3582:Suicide gene
3567:Karyorrhexis
3458:Fat necrosis
3340:
3335:
3322:
3314:
3298:
3293:
3281:
3273:
3268:
3260:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3230:
3225:
3217:
3212:
3203:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3138:
3130:
3125:
3116:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3089:
3084:
3076:
3071:
3063:
3058:
3046:
3037:
3025:. Retrieved
3022:The Guardian
3021:
3011:
3003:
2998:
2986:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2927:
2919:
2914:
2906:
2890:
2872:
2867:
2859:
2843:
2838:
2830:
2825:
2817:
2812:
2804:
2799:
2791:
2775:
2770:
2737:
2733:
2720:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2643:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2613:
2608:
2596:
2591:
2583:
2565:
2560:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2532:. Retrieved
2528:
2518:
2506:
2488:
2471:2010 14:R56.
2468:
2463:
2455:
2450:
2442:
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2018:
2010:
1990:
1985:
1980:, 39, 19â27.
1977:
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1452:
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1292:. Retrieved
1289:The Atlantic
1288:
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1016:
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783:neuroscience
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649:Jeffrey Long
646:
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600:Likert scale
596:Likert scale
591:
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545:psychometric
542:
530:
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513:Jeffrey Long
511:The work of
510:
506:
495:
487:cardiologist
481:
473:
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448:
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421:Melvin Morse
418:
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366:Kenneth Ring
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4708: [
4666:Necrophobia
4661:Necrophilia
4631:Immortality
4586:Death squad
4566:Death panel
4551:Death march
4546:Death knell
4526:Death drive
4499:Death deity
4443:Thanatology
4392: [
4338:Legal death
4317:in absentia
4295:Civil death
4140:Examination
4125:Crematorium
4008:Excarnation
3845:After death
3644:Dysthanasia
3610:Brain death
3542:Autoschizis
3520:Phenoptosis
3515:Parthanatos
3505:Necroptosis
3412:In medicine
3117:Vital Signs
1151:, July 1992
803:objectivity
710:Vital Signs
674:Conferences
533:text mining
427:(1990) and
4760:Categories
4636:Last rites
4606:Extinction
4576:Death pose
4571:Death poem
4541:Death hoax
4521:Death camp
4514:Psychopomp
4389:Death tech
4244:Necromancy
4222:Paranormal
4204:Underworld
4056:Dissection
4018:Resomation
4013:Promession
3991:Sky burial
3958:Prosection
3943:Maceration
3654:Euthanasia
3572:Karyolysis
3530:Pyroptosis
3510:Paraptosis
3420:Cell death
3133:, 13, 120.
2740:: 103049.
2534:2022-03-11
2411:The Lancet
1978:Psychiatry
1663:Humanities
1636:, Vol. 150
1610:The Lancet
1584:Psychiatry
1458:2022-03-18
1368:The Lancet
1294:2022-05-05
1096:The Lancet
954:Psychiatry
938:Psychiatry
869:References
779:psychology
444:Sam Parnia
301:paranormal
295:Precursors
190:The Lancet
66:psychiatry
62:psychology
32:physiology
28:psychiatry
24:psychology
4681:Sacrifice
4676:Predation
4641:Longevity
4431:Taphonomy
4368:Trust law
4323:Death row
4108:Afterlife
4061:Gibbeting
3998:Cremation
3963:Taxidermy
3938:Embalming
3814:Micromort
3760:Mortality
3537:Autolysis
3495:Autophagy
3490:Apoptosis
3170:Mortality
2754:1053-8100
2694:1932-6203
1650:Crit Care
1552:0026-6620
1494:969395726
382:Anabiosis
275:afterlife
128:NDE-scale
4735:Category
4705:Thanabot
4656:Necronym
4626:Homicide
4177:Obituary
4165:Mourning
4155:Internet
4098:Cemetery
3973:Disposal
3926:Cryonics
3595:Abortion
3562:Pyknosis
3428:Necrosis
3004:Newsweek
2831:PLoS One
2762:33227590
2712:31999716
2664:PLOS ONE
2443:Discover
1570:24563994
1104:11755611
1025:11426476
813:See also
543:Several
453:, where
319:work of
58:medicine
4745:Outline
4693:Suicide
4333:Inquest
4300:Coroner
4192:SaáčsÄra
4160:Midwife
4145:Funeral
4120:Customs
4093:Carrion
3792:Karoshi
3605:Autopsy
3485:Anoikis
3115:IANDS:
2978:IANDS.
2703:6992169
2672:Bibcode
1561:6179792
1516:7754094
965:IANDS.
801:namely
263:somatic
4646:Martyr
4382:Fields
4343:Murder
4259:SĂ©ance
4229:Ghosts
4113:Tukdam
3981:Burial
3863:Stages
3547:Eschar
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662:(UK),
658:(US),
567:, and
165:(ESP).
4712:]
4686:human
4452:Other
4396:]
4268:Legal
4209:Vigil
4150:Grief
3698:Lists
3405:Death
3027:8 May
2730:(PDF)
835:Notes
636:IANDS
4373:Will
3854:Body
3824:RAMR
3480:AICD
3029:2022
2758:PMID
2750:ISSN
2708:PMID
2690:ISSN
2644:SSRN
2553:Time
2131:JAMA
1822:ISBN
1751:Time
1566:PMID
1548:ISSN
1512:PMID
1490:OCLC
1480:ISBN
1100:PMID
1021:PMID
781:and
579:and
368:and
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82:The
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26:and
3627:DOA
2950:doi
2742:doi
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