Nero - Knowledge

1628: 1428: 751: 848: 1831:. He had bribed organizers to postpone the games for a year so he could participate, and artistic competitions were added to the athletic events. Nero won every contest in which he was a competitor. During the games Nero sang and played his lyre on stage, acted in tragedies and raced chariots. He won a 10-horse chariot race, despite being thrown from the chariot and leaving the race. He was crowned on the basis that he would have won if he had completed the race. After he died a year later, his name was removed from the list of winners. Champlin writes that though Nero's participation "effectively stifled true competition, seems to have been oblivious of reality." 8472: 1147: 908: 1169:, or in the wooden outer seating of the Circus itself. Rome had always been vulnerable to fires, and this one was fanned to catastrophic proportions by the winds. Tacitus, Cassius Dio, and modern archaeology describe the destruction of mansions, ordinary residences, public buildings, and temples on the Aventine, Palatine, and Caelian hills. The fire burned for over seven days before subsiding; it then started again and burned for three more. It destroyed three of Rome's 14 districts and severely damaged seven more. 38: 278: 972: 1039:"suggests that Poppaea's challenge drove over the brink". A number of modern historians have noted that Agrippina's death would not have offered much advantage for Poppaea, as Nero did not marry Poppaea until AD 62. Barrett writes that Poppaea seems to serve as a "literary device, utilized because could see no plausible explanation for Nero's conduct and also incidentally to show that Nero, like Claudius, had fallen under the malign influence of a woman." 9003: 1607: 1324: 2220: 689: 8991: 1486: 1980:

bore him, have so impudently raved against him with their lies, that they justly deserve to be condemned. Nor do I wonder at such as have told lies of Nero, since they have not in their writings preserved the truth of history as to those facts that were earlier than his time, even when the actors could have no way incurred their hatred, since those writers lived a long time after them.

1967: 2366::1–11, where he believed that Paul mentioned the coming of the Antichrist. Although he rejects the theory, Augustine mentions that many Christians believed Nero was the Antichrist or would return as the Antichrist. He wrote that, "in saying, 'For the mystery of iniquity doth already work,' he alluded to Nero, whose deeds already seemed to be as the deeds of Antichrist." 2299:(c. 275–339) was the first to write explicitly that Paul was beheaded and Peter crucified in Rome during the reign of Nero. He states that Nero's persecution led to Peter and Paul's deaths, but that Nero did not give any specific orders. However, several other accounts going back to the first century have Paul surviving his two years in Rome and travelling to 1424:("What an artist the world is losing!"). Losing his nerve, he begged one of his companions to set an example by killing himself first. At last, the sound of approaching horsemen drove Nero to face the end. However, he still could not bring himself to take his own life, but instead forced his private secretary, Epaphroditus, to perform the task. 839:. They found Nero's construction projects overly extravagant and claim that their cost left Italy "thoroughly exhausted by contributions of money" with "the provinces ruined". Modern historians note that the period was riddled with deflation and that Nero intended his spending on public-work and charities to ease economic troubles. 2037:(c. 46–127) mentions Nero indirectly in his account of the Life of Galba and the Life of Otho, as well as in the Vision of Thespesius in Book 7 of the Moralia, where a voice orders that Nero's soul be transferred to a more offensive species. Nero is portrayed as a tyrant, but those that replace him are not described as better. 1527:. Champlin doubts that the practice is necessarily negative and notes that some continued to create images of Nero long after his death. Damaged portraits of Nero, often with hammer blows directed to the face, have been found in many provinces of the Roman Empire, three recently having been identified from the 1816:). Many of these disciplines were standard education for the Roman elite, but Nero's devotion to music exceeded what was socially acceptable for a Roman of his class. Ancient sources were critical of Nero's emphasis on the arts, chariot-racing and athletics. Pliny described Nero as an "actor-emperor" ( 1938:

Indeed the truth about this has not come out even yet; for so far as the rest of his subjects were concerned, there was nothing to prevent his continuing to be Emperor for all time, seeing that even now everybody wishes he were still alive. And the great majority do believe that he still is, although

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Nero returned to Rome and spent the evening in the palace. After sleeping, he awoke at about midnight to find the palace guard had left. Dispatching messages to his friends' palace chambers for them to come, he received no answers. Upon going to their chambers personally, he found them all abandoned.

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wrote that Nero "suddenly disappeared, and even the burial place of that noxious wild beast was nowhere to be seen. This has led some persons of extravagant imagination to suppose that, having been conveyed to a distant region, he is still reserved alive; and to him they apply the Sibylline verses."

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But I omit any further discourse about these affairs; for there have been a great many who have composed the history of Nero; some of which have departed from the truth of facts out of favour, as having received benefits from him; while others, out of hatred to him, and the great ill-will which they

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The history of Nero's reign is problematic in that no historical sources survived that were contemporary with Nero. These first histories, while they still existed, were described as biased and fantastical, either overly critical or praising of Nero. The original sources were also said to contradict

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Nero was said to have kicked Poppaea to death in AD 65, before she could give birth to his second child. Modern historians, noting the probable biases of Suetonius, Tacitus, and Cassius Dio, and the likely absence of eyewitnesses to such an event, propose that Poppaea may have died after miscarriage

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suggests that Nero's decline began as early as AD 55 with the murder of his stepbrother Britannicus, but also notes that "Nero lost all sense of right and wrong and listened to flattery with total credulity" after Agrippina's death. Griffin points out that Tacitus "makes explicit the significance of

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The Roman victory came at a time when the Parthians were troubled by revolts; when this was dealt with they were able to devote resources to the Armenian situation. A Roman army under Paetus surrendered under humiliating circumstances and though both Roman and Parthian forces withdrew from Armenia,

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with a wisdom and moderation quite alien to his character", and that he "held our liberties in his hand and respected them". Modern scholarship generally holds that, while the Senate and more well-off individuals welcomed Nero's death, the general populace was "loyal to the end and beyond, for Otho

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According to Suetonius and Cassius Dio, the people of Rome celebrated the death of Nero. Tacitus, though, describes a more complicated political environment. Tacitus mentions that Nero's death was welcomed by senators, nobility, and the upper class. The lower class, slaves, frequenters of the arena

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Tacitus suspends judgment on Nero's responsibility for the fire; he found that Nero was in Antium when the fire started, and returned to Rome to organize a relief effort, providing for the removal of bodies and debris, which he paid for from his own funds. After the fire, Nero opened his palaces to

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Nero's name was erased from some monuments, in what Edward Champlin regards as an "outburst of private zeal". Many portraits of Nero were reworked to represent other figures; according to Eric R. Varner, over 50 such images survive. This reworking of images is often explained as part of the way in

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as scapegoats for the fire and had them burned alive, seemingly motivated not by public justice, but personal cruelty. Some modern historians question the reliability of ancient sources on Nero's tyrannical acts, considering his popularity among the Roman commoners. In the eastern provinces of the

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Suetonius wrote "That Claudius was poisoned is the general belief, but when it was done and by whom is disputed. Some say that it was his taster, the eunuch Halotus, as he was banqueting on the Citadel with the priests; others that at a family dinner Agrippina served the drug to him with her own

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Biblical commentaries. The statement concerns Revelation 17:1-18, "the longest explanatory passage in Revelation", which predicts the destruction of Rome by work of an "eighth emperor" who was also one of the "seven kings" of the most extended and powerful empire ever known in the human history:

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in May 68, Verginius' forces easily defeated those of Vindex, and the latter committed suicide. However, after defeating the rebel, Verginius' legions attempted to proclaim their own commander as Emperor. Verginius refused to act against Nero, but the discontent of the legions of Germania and the

904:—were to her signs of her son's dangerous emancipation of himself from her influence." Britannicus was poisoned after Agrippina threatened to side with him. Nero, who was having an affair with Acte, exiled Agrippina from the palace when she began to cultivate a relationship with his wife Octavia. 738:

After Caligula's death, Claudius became the new emperor. Nero's mother married Claudius in AD 49, becoming his fourth wife. On 25 February AD 50, Claudius was pressured to adopt Nero as his son, giving him the new name of "Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus". Claudius had gold coins issued to

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Tacitus wrote the following about Agrippina's marriage to Claudius: "From this moment the country was transformed. Complete obedience was accorded to a woman—and not a woman like Messalina who toyed with national affairs. This was a rigorous, almost masculine, despotism. In public, Agrippina was

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games. According to Jürgen Malitz, Suetonius tells that Nero's father was known to be "irascible and brutal", and that both "enjoyed chariot races and theater performances to a degree not befitting their position". Suetonius also mentions that when Nero's father Domitius was congratulated by his

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Jürgen Malitz writes that ancient sources do not provide any clear evidence to evaluate the extent of Nero's personal involvement in politics during the first years of his reign. He describes the policies that are explicitly attributed to Nero as "well-meant but incompetent notions" like Nero's

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Tacitus writes that to remove suspicion from himself, Nero accused Christians of starting the fire. According to this account, many Christians were arrested and brutally executed by "being thrown to the beasts, crucified, and being burned alive". Tacitus asserts that in his imposition of such

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died in AD 54; many ancient historians claim that he was poisoned by Agrippina. Shotter has written that "Claudius' death...has usually been regarded as an event hastened by Agrippina, due to signs that Claudius was showing a renewed affection for his natural son." He notes that among ancient

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Nero persecuted the church at Rome, and the Beast whose number is 666 probably represents him. Revelation also draws many parallels between "Babylon" (Rome) and the New Jerusalem. In John's social situation the emperor did appear to be the Almighty, and Rome did appear to be the Heavenly

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to administer poison, in the event that the Emperor survived. Suetonius differs in some details, but also implicates Halotus and Agrippina. Like Tacitus, Cassius Dio writes that the poison was prepared by Locusta, but in Dio's account it is administered by Agrippina instead of Halotus. In

1881:, who were all of the upper classes. Tacitus and Suetonius wrote their histories on Nero over 50 years after his death, while Cassius Dio wrote his history over 150 years after Nero's death. These sources contradict one another on a number of events in Nero's life, including the death of 1584:

emerged leading rebellions. The first, who sang and played the cithara or lyre, and whose face was similar to that of the dead emperor, appeared in 69 AD during the reign of Vitellius. After persuading some to recognize him, he was captured and executed. Sometime during the reign of

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The Talmudic legend about Nero is not supported by contemporary sources. Roman and Greek sources nowhere report Nero's alleged trip to Jerusalem or his alleged conversion to Judaism. There is also no record of Nero having any offspring who survived infancy: his only recorded child,

2065:(c. 69–130) was a member of the equestrian order, and he was the head of the department of the imperial correspondence. While in this position, Suetonius started writing biographies of the emperors, accentuating the anecdotal and sensational aspects. By this account, Nero raped the 946:

Outside of Rome, Nero had several villas or palaces built, the ruins of which can still be seen today. These included the Villa of Nero at Antium, his place of birth, where he razed the villa on the site to rebuild it on a more massive and imperial scale and including a theatre. At

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Before Claudius' death, Agrippina had maneuvered to remove Claudius' sons' tutors in order to replace them with tutors that she had selected. She was also able to convince Claudius to replace two prefects of the Praetorian Guard (who were suspected of supporting Claudius' son) with

1177:, Suetonius, and Cassius Dio suggest several possible reasons for Nero's alleged arson, including his creation of a real-life backdrop to a theatrical performance about the burning of Troy. Suetonius wrote that Nero started the fire to clear the site for his planned palatial 1439:

When one of the horsemen entered and saw that Nero was dying, he attempted to stop the bleeding, but efforts to save Nero's life were unsuccessful. Nero's final words were "Too late! This is fidelity!". He died on 9 June 68, the anniversary of the death of his first wife,

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failed initiative to abolish all taxes in AD 58. Scholars generally credit Nero's advisors Burrus and Seneca with the administrative successes of these years. Malitz writes that in later years, Nero panicked when he had to make decisions on his own during times of crisis.

867:, to have done with the corruption of court favorites and freedmen, and above all to respect the privileges of the Senate and individual Senators." His respect for Senatorial autonomy, which distinguished him from Caligula and Claudius, was generally well received by the 1557:

overthrew Galba. Otho was said to be liked by many soldiers because he had been a friend of Nero and resembled him somewhat in temperament. It was said that the common Roman hailed Otho as Nero himself. Otho used "Nero" as a surname and reerected many statues to Nero.

2091:(c. 56–117) is the most detailed and comprehensive history on the rule of Nero, despite being incomplete after the year AD 66. Tacitus described the rule of the Julio-Claudian emperors as generally unjust. He also thought that existing writing on them was unbalanced: 2103:, who married into the elite family of Agricola. He entered his political life as a senator after Nero's death and, by Tacitus' own admission, owed much to Nero's rivals. Realising that this bias may be apparent to others, Tacitus protests that his writing is true. 1763:

over the eastern regions, Corbulo organised his forces for an invasion but was met by this Parthian delegation. An agreement was thereafter reached with the Parthians: Rome would recognize Tiridates as king of Armenia, only if he agreed to receive his

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and the theater, and "those who were supported by the famous excesses of Nero", on the other hand, were upset with the news. Members of the military were said to have mixed feelings, as they had allegiance to Nero but had been bribed to overthrow him.

1117:. Politically isolated, Seneca was forced to retire. According to Tacitus, Nero divorced Octavia on grounds of infertility, and banished her. After public protests over Octavia's exile, Nero accused her of adultery with Anicetus, and she was executed. 1704:

replaced the former procurator, Catus Decianus, and Classicianus advised Nero to replace Paulinus who continued to punish the population even after the rebellion was over. Nero decided to adopt a more lenient approach by appointing a new governor,

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of Rome during Claudius' reign, had died. The client state arrangement was unlikely to survive following the death of Claudius. The will of the Iceni tribal King Prasutagus, leaving control of the Iceni to his daughters, was denied. When the Roman

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was described by ancient historians as a troubling period. According to Tacitus, this instability was rooted in the fact that emperors could no longer rely on the perceived legitimacy of the imperial bloodline, as Nero and those before him could.

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from his position in the treasury. Shotter writes the following about Agrippina's deteriorating relationship with Nero: "What Seneca and Burrus probably saw as relatively harmless in Nero—his cultural pursuits and his affair with the slave girl

1281:, and was promised a temple for her cult. A year's importation of incense was burned at the funeral. Her body was not cremated, as would have been strictly customary, but embalmed after the Egyptian manner and entombed; it is not known where. 1172:

Some Romans thought the fire an accident, as the merchant shops were timber-framed and sold flammable goods, and the outer seating stands of the Circus were timber-built. Others claimed it was arson committed on Nero's behalf. The accounts by

1288:, a young boy who is said to have greatly resembled Poppaea. Nero had him castrated and married him with all the usual ceremonies, including a dowry and a bridal veil. It is believed that he did this out of regret for his killing of Poppaea. 509:, but sought to rule independently and rid himself of restraining influences. The power struggle between Nero and his mother reached its climax when he orchestrated her murder. Roman sources also implicate Nero in the deaths of both his wife 1854:

on a number of events. Nonetheless, these lost primary sources were the basis of surviving secondary and tertiary histories on Nero written by the next generations of historians. A few of the contemporary historians are known by name.

1951:(c. 55–135) was the slave to Nero's scribe Epaphroditos. He makes a few passing negative comments on Nero's character in his work, but makes no remarks on the nature of his rule. He describes Nero as a spoiled, angry and unhappy man. 2350:, Book 5 and 8, written in the second century, speak of Nero returning and bringing destruction. Within Christian communities, these writings, along with others, fueled the belief that Nero would return as the Antichrist. In 310, 1993:(c. 39–65) has one of the kindest accounts of Nero's rule. He writes of peace and prosperity under Nero, in contrast to previous war and strife. Ironically, he was later involved in a conspiracy to overthrow Nero and was executed. 1934:(c. 40–120), a Greek philosopher and historian, wrote the Roman people were very happy with Nero and would have allowed him to rule indefinitely. They longed for his rule once he was gone and embraced imposters when they appeared: 2398:

according to this lecture, Babylon the Great is identified with Rome which has poured the blood of saints and martyrs (verse 6) and subsequently become the seat of the Vatican State, reigning over all the kings existing on Earth.

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in an area cleared by the fire. The cost to rebuild Rome was immense, requiring funds the state treasury did not have. To find the necessary funds for the reconstruction, Nero's government increased taxation. Particularly heavy

2156:, Nero went to Jerusalem and shot arrows in all four directions. All the arrows landed in the city. He then asked a passing child to repeat the verse he had learned that day. The child responded, "I will lay my vengeance upon 1834:

Nero established the Neronian games in AD 60. Modeled on Greek style games, these games included musical, gymnastic, and equestrian contests. According to Suetonius the gymnastic contests were held in the Saepta area of the

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p. 193, note 18 "We should not consider it an insult that Poppaea was not buried in the Mausoleum of Augustus, as were other members of the imperial family until the time of Nerva." 196 (note 37, citing Pliny the elder,

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became the most significant provincial rebellion of the 1st century AD. Under Queen Boudica, the towns of Camulodunum (Colchester), Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St. Albans) were burned, and a substantial body of

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and, from there, to take a fleet to one of the still-loyal eastern provinces. According to Suetonius, Nero abandoned the idea when some army officers openly refused to obey his commands, responding with a line from

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to be destroyed, but that he would punish the one to carry it out. Nero said, "He desires to lay waste His House and to lay the blame on me," whereupon he fled and converted to Judaism to avoid such retribution.

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Scullard writes that Nero's mother, Agrippina, "meant to rule through her son". Agrippina murdered her political rivals: Domitia Lepida the Younger, the aunt that Nero had lived with during Agrippina's exile;

1373:, throwing himself upon the mercy of Galba, or appealing to the people and begging them to pardon him for his past offences "and if he could not soften their hearts, to entreat them at least to allow him the 552:. However, the provision of such entertainments made Nero popular among lower-class citizens. The costs involved were borne by local elites either directly or through taxation, and were much resented by the 1627: 12672: 8965: 2505:

to 96 (3.80 grams to 3.30 grams). He also reduced the silver purity from 99.5% to 93.5%—the silver weight dropping from 3.80 grams to 2.97 grams. He also reduced the weight of the

1820:) and Suetonius wrote that he was "carried away by a craze for popularity...since he was acclaimed as the equal of Apollo in music and of the Sun in driving a chariot, he had planned to emulate the 8960: 979:

Billon tetradrachm of Alexandria, Egypt, 25 mm, 12.51 gr. Obverse: radiate head right; ΝΕΡΩ. ΚΛΑΥ. ΚΑΙΣ. ΣΕΒ. ΓΕΡ. ΑΥ. Reverse: draped bust of Poppaea right; ΠΟΠΠΑΙΑ ΣΕΒΑΣΤΗ. Year LI = 10 = 63–64.

6942: 934:. Especially well received were fiscal reforms which among others put tax collectors under more strict control by establishing local offices to supervise their activities. After the affair of 624:

Most Roman sources offer overwhelmingly negative assessments of his personality and reign. Most contemporary sources describe him as tyrannical, self-indulgent, and debauched. The historian

8970: 6597: 1427: 1377:". Suetonius reports that the text of this speech was later found in Nero's writing desk, but that he dared not give it from fear of being torn to pieces before he could reach the Forum. 2246:(c. 155–230) was the first to call Nero the first persecutor of Christians. He wrote, "Examine your records. There you will find that Nero was the first that persecuted this doctrine." 2095:

The histories of Tiberius, Caius, Claudius and Nero, while they were in power, were falsified through terror, and after their death were written under the irritation of a recent hatred.

1589:(79–81), another impostor appeared in Asia and sang to the accompaniment of the lyre and looked like Nero, but he, too, was killed. Twenty years after Nero's death, during the reign of 1776:" and "The New Sun". After the coronation, friendly relations were established between Rome and the eastern kingdoms of Parthia and Armenia. Artaxata was temporarily renamed Neroneia. 5894: 926:

Nevertheless, his early administration ruled to great acclaim. A generation later those years were seen in retrospect as an exemplar of good and moderate government and described as

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mark the adoption. Classics professor Josiah Osgood has written that "the coins, through their distribution and imagery alike, showed that a new Leader was in the making." However,

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After Nero's death in AD 68, there was a widespread belief, especially in the eastern provinces, that he was not dead and somehow would return. This belief came to be known as the

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austere and often arrogant. Her private life was chaste—unless power was to be gained. Her passion to acquire money was unbounded; she wanted it as a stepping stone to supremacy."

1055:. After Agrippina's exile, Burrus and Seneca were responsible for the administration of the Empire. However, Nero's "conduct became far more egregious" after his mother's death. 723:. His mother was said to have been exiled for plotting to overthrow the emperor Caligula. Nero's inheritance was taken from him, and he was sent to live with his paternal aunt 715:

Domitius died in AD 41. A few years before his father's death, his father was involved in a serious political scandal. His mother and his two surviving sisters, Agrippina and

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to restore order. This revolt was eventually put down in 70, after Nero's death. This revolt is famous for Romans breaching the walls of Jerusalem and destroying the Second

1416:, reached the villa, where Nero ordered them to dig a grave for him. At this time, Nero learned that the Senate had declared him a public enemy. Nero prepared himself for 4481: 1106:. Malitz writes that "Nero abandoned the restraint he had previously shown because he believed a course supporting the Senate promised to be less and less profitable." 3504: 1866:

all wrote condemning histories on Nero that are now lost. There were also pro-Nero histories, but it is unknown who wrote them or for what deeds Nero was praised.

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also mentions Nero punishing Christians, though he does so because they are "given to a new and mischievous superstition" and does not connect it with the fire.

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was uniquely reserved in describing the poisoning as a rumor. Contemporary sources differ in their accounts of the poisoning. Tacitus says that the poison-maker

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it was under Parthian control. The triumphal arch for Corbulo's earlier victory was part-built when Parthian envoys arrived in AD 63 to discuss treaties. Given

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While Nero had retained some control of the situation, support for Galba increased despite his being officially declared a "public enemy". The prefect of the

8576: 3329: 4846: 1253:, a tribune and a centurion of the Praetorian Guard. According to Tacitus, many conspirators wished to "rescue the state" from the emperor and restore the 819:(Nero's future guide). Since Agrippina had replaced the guard officers with men loyal to her, Nero was subsequently able to assume power without incident. 4743: 12503: 2718: 5361:, ed. by G. P. Goold, trans. by Phillip H. De Lacy and Benedict Einarson, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959), 7: 269–99. 4572:"Sanctioning Memory: Changing Identity – Using 3D laser scanning to identify two 'new' portraits of the Emperor Nero in English antiquarian collections" 8566: 8531: 4820: 1385:

or anyone else adept with a sword to kill him, no one appeared. He cried, "Have I neither friend nor foe?" and ran out as if to throw himself into the

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Modern scholars believe that Nero's reign had been going well in the years before Agrippina's death. For example, Nero promoted the exploration of the

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hand in mushrooms, a dish of which he was extravagantly fond.. His death was kept quiet until all the arrangements were made about the succession."

408: 4491: 2532:: "from the death of Nero to the beginning of Vespasian's rule a year and twenty-two days elapsed". Vespasian's reign officially began on 1 July ( 991:

arrange a shipwreck, which Agrippina managed to survive. She then swam ashore and was executed by Anicetus, who reported her death as a suicide.

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Nero formally entered public life as an adult in AD 51 while 13 years old. When he turned 16, Nero married Claudius' daughter (his step-sister),

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friends for the birth of his son, he replied that any child born to him and Agrippina would have a detestable nature and become a public danger.

6713: 6288: 5735: 5053: 12692: 8556: 8546: 8541: 2254:. However, Suetonius writes that, "since the Jews constantly made disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus, the expelled them from Rome" (" 2282:, a Christian writing from the 2nd century, says, "the slayer of his mother, who himself (even) this king, will persecute the plant which the 1269:

was accused by Natalis; he denied the charges but was still ordered to commit suicide, as by this point he had fallen out of favor with Nero.

6879: 5890: 707:, who was critical of Nero's ancestors, wrote that emperor Augustus had reproached Nero's grandfather for his unseemly enjoyment of violent 5153: 666: 475: 241: 12637: 12607: 8950: 8536: 6340: 5303: 5192: 5093: 1768:

from Nero. A coronation ceremony was held in Italy AD 66. Dio reports that Tiridates said "I have come to you, my God, worshiping you as

6649: 5972: 5933: 3923: 3829: 5727: 4842: 1593:, there was a third pretender. He was supported by the Parthians, who only reluctantly gave him up, and the matter almost came to war. 5719: 5377: 859:, prepared Nero's first speech before the Senate. During this speech, Nero spoke about "eliminating the ills of the previous regime". 12518: 12513: 5275: 3144: 1278: 1205:

provide shelter for the homeless, and arranged for food supplies to be delivered in order to prevent starvation among the survivors.

548:, which scandalized his aristocratic contemporaries as these occupations were usually the domain of slaves, public entertainers, and 5253: 12662: 7042: 6934: 4769: 4652: 4254: 3755: 3171: 2928: 2924: 12493: 12488: 8526: 7567: 6068: 2514: 2258:"). These expelled "Jews" may have been early Christians, although Suetonius is not explicit. Nor is the Bible explicit, calling 4797: 2195:

of the third generation (139–163). According to the Talmud, he was a descendant of Nero, who had converted to Judaism. His wife

12677: 12498: 3771: 2010:(Books 4–5). Although he has a generally bad or dim view of Nero, he speaks of others' positive reception of Nero in the East. 3488: 3465: 1312:, was ordered to put down Vindex's rebellion. In an attempt to gain support from outside his own province, Vindex called upon 12478: 8955: 8416: 8361: 8229: 6585: 6566: 6520: 6501: 6476: 6454: 6429: 6408: 6385: 6360: 5966: 5927: 5743: 5448: 4155: 3839: 3481: 2867: 2737: 2374: 951:, near Rome he had 3 artificial lakes built, with waterfalls, bridges and walkways for the luxurious villa. He stayed at the 8394:

Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper

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of the Beloved have planted. Of the Twelve one will be delivered into his hands"; this is interpreted as referring to Nero.

1067:, from about AD 60. It was intended to connect all of the imperial estates that had been acquired in various ways, with the 12508: 12483: 7574: 5633: 4995: 4963: 4413: 2832: 2537: 1848: 1772:." Shotter says this parallels other divine designations that were commonly applied to Nero in the East including "The New 401: 4979: 4947: 938:, who was murdered by a desperate slave, Nero allowed slaves to file complaints about their treatment to the authorities. 769:. Between the years AD 51 and AD 53, he gave several speeches on behalf of various communities, including the Ilians; the 12687: 12597: 12473: 10253: 10041: 8197: 6911: 5699: 5570: 5326: 4349: 2317:(c. 200). The account ends with Paul still alive and Nero abiding by God's command not to persecute any more Christians. 1963:(c. 37–100), while calling Nero a tyrant, was also the first to mention bias against Nero. Of other historians, he said: 1939:

in a certain sense he has died not once but often along with those who had been firmly convinced that he was still alive.

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The Great Fire of Rome began on the night of 18 to 19 July 64, probably in one of the merchant shops on the slope of the

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does not mention mushrooms at all. Agrippina's involvement in Claudius' death is not accepted by all modern scholars.

12697: 5216: 4186: 4067: 3697: 3676: 2445: 1701: 876: 447: 6262: 5169: 5146: 5123: 5107: 4046: 4027: 4008: 3989: 3970: 3951: 3907: 3816: 3644: 3592: 3447: 3428: 3361: 3305: 12528: 8446: 8409: 6089: 5130: 4350:"Philip Schaff: NPNF-211. Sulpitius Severus, Vincent of Lerins, John Cassian – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 1790:

In 66, there was a Jewish revolt in Judea stemming from Greek and Jewish religious tension. In 67, Nero dispatched

5345: 4662: 4264: 4232: 1919:

describe the reign of Nero. Only fragments of these books remain and what does remain was abridged and altered by

12602: 12577: 11715: 8945: 8451: 8163: 8146: 7973: 7961: 5408: 5185: 5086: 3475: 2728: 1401: 1258: 394: 6218: 6196: 498:

and the Senate. In the early years of his reign, Nero was advised and guided by his mother Agrippina, his tutor

11765: 11492: 11348: 9007: 8134: 7926: 7888: 7848: 7815: 6849: 6718: 2708: 1052: 6240: 995:

cautiously notes that Nero's reasons for killing his mother in AD 59 are "not fully understood". According to

12642: 12617: 12061: 11851: 11783: 11648: 11515: 11425: 11238: 9356: 8349: 8175: 8002: 7968: 7932: 7821: 4807: 4740: 4248: 4213: 4170: 3781: 3119: 1562:

overthrew Otho. Vitellius began his reign with a large funeral for Nero complete with songs written by Nero.

1209:

ferocious punishments, Nero was not motivated by a sense of justice, but by a penchant for personal cruelty.

1095: 847: 11633: 11570: 10853: 7990: 7035: 1396:, offered his villa, 4 mi (6.4 km) outside the city. Travelling in disguise, Nero and four loyal 916: 887:

side; usually, this would be reserved for a portrait of the emperor. The Senate also allowed Agrippina two

541: 6314: 4423: 3536: 3498: 2713: 2529: 1201:

propaganda ... which looked askance on the abortive Neronian attempt to rewrite Augustan models of rule".

628:

claims the Roman people thought him compulsive and corrupt. Suetonius tells that many Romans believed the

12632: 11994: 11103: 11015: 10500: 10277: 10268: 8071: 7750: 7216: 6319: 6293: 2057: 2006: 880: 1225:

were imposed on the provinces of the empire. To meet at least a portion of the costs, Nero devalued the

12652: 12627: 11823: 11156: 10893: 10720: 10652: 9234: 8623: 8618: 8381: 8337: 8315: 8266: 8153: 7944: 7713: 7055: 6971: 6038: 5510: 2449: 2153: 1785: 1027:

Tacitus writes that Agrippina opposed Nero's affair with Poppaea because of her affection for his wife

596: 6674: 3166: 12344: 10115: 8853: 8487: 8288: 8256: 8081: 7261: 7020: 5731: 5557: 5061: 1669: 1535: 1464: 797: 645:. After his death, at least three leaders of short-lived, failed rebellions presented themselves as " 618: 494:

Nero as his heir. Upon Claudius' death in AD 54, Nero ascended to the throne with the backing of the

380: 2554: 1904:, a Roman senator. He passed the greater part of his life in public service. He was a senator under 12622: 10189: 9960: 9822: 8298: 8251: 7798: 7445: 5595: 5566: 2562: 2466: 2370: 1693: 1543:

began his short reign with the execution of many of Nero's allies. One such notable enemy included

1392:

Returning, Nero sought a place where he could hide and collect his thoughts. An imperial freedman,

1348: 935: 491: 863:

writes that "he promised to follow the Augustan model in his principate, to end all secret trials

12682: 12667: 12029: 11944: 11921: 10238: 10100: 10037: 9826: 9626: 9442: 8106: 8086: 7860: 7740: 7028: 6999: 6905: 6179: 5651: 2549: 1336: 533: 891:

during public appearances, an honor that was customarily bestowed upon only magistrates and the

613:. He fled Rome, and on 9 June AD 68 committed suicide. His death sparked a brief period of 12702: 12533: 12523: 12071: 12050: 11969: 10883: 10743: 10353: 9987: 9947: 9741: 9683: 9567: 9371: 9034: 8873: 8668: 8510: 8495: 8376: 8355: 8261: 7051: 6888: 6770: 6734: 6324: 6302: 6276: 6250: 6228: 2407: 2333: 2188: 1990: 1748: 1732: 1728: 1684: 1460: 1374: 1317: 1305: 1262: 1087: 816: 506: 464: 286: 6117: 12612: 12543: 12019: 11984: 11964: 11954: 11916: 10516: 10420: 9774: 8908: 8878: 8658: 8432: 8310: 8305: 8281: 8276: 8192: 8029: 8017: 7788: 7413: 6810: 6102: 5956: 5917: 5847: 5795: 5612: 5438: 4296: 2544: 2341: 1886: 1828: 1706: 1566: 1476: 1125: 960: 759: 670: 642: 479: 260: 167: 20: 6701: 6691: 5756: 5723: 5675: 883:. One of the earliest coins that Nero issued during his reign shows Agrippina on the coin's 12538: 12044: 11999: 11372: 11000: 10935: 10788: 10783: 10490: 10485: 10338: 9764: 9552: 9431: 8995: 8888: 8858: 8703: 8683: 8592: 8293: 8241: 8101: 8076: 8041: 7956: 7870: 7720: 7551: 6844: 6634: 6537: 6352: 5843: 5715: 5371: 4533:"Review of Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture" 2259: 2140:

in the Talmud says that at the end of AD 66, conflict broke out between Greeks and Jews in

1409: 1181:. This would include lush artificial landscapes and a 30-meter-tall statue of himself, the 486:). Nero was three when his father died. By the time Nero turned eleven, his mother married 6669: 5245: 3136: 1146: 8: 12707: 12647: 12034: 12009: 11974: 11911: 11286: 11261: 10465: 10460: 9884: 9315: 8928: 8893: 8863: 8833: 8788: 8783: 8773: 8224: 8209: 8187: 8122: 8111: 8066: 8012: 7502: 7440: 7403: 6223: 2488:

Sources describe Acte as a slave girl (Shotter) and a freedwoman (Champlin and Scullard).

2386: 2337: 2320:

By the fourth century, a number of writers were stating that Nero killed Peter and Paul.

2279: 1821: 1795: 1505: 1242: 1072: 1005: 988: 600: 4766: 12592: 12587: 12324: 12311: 11888: 10898: 10470: 10445: 9512: 9287: 8923: 8883: 8808: 8768: 8763: 8713: 8653: 8648: 8461: 8271: 8214: 8158: 8140: 8129: 8091: 8061: 7939: 7657: 7561: 7311: 7280: 7273: 6622: 6267: 6019: 6011: 4552: 4100: 3732: 3244: 3089: 3081: 2966: 2597: 2566: 2456:

states that Nero was "in the eleventh year of his age", which is most likely a mistake.

2390: 2359: 2307: 2274:

The first text to suggest that Nero ordered the execution of an apostle is a letter by

2235:

describes Nero extensively torturing and executing Christians after the fire of AD 64.

2045: 1912:; and afterwards suffect consul around 205, and also proconsul in Africa and Pannonia. 1901: 1574: 1544: 1521:

which the memory of disgraced emperors was condemned posthumously, a practice known as

1369:: "Is it so dreadful a thing then to die?" Nero then toyed with the idea of fleeing to 1301: 1266: 1257:. The freedman Milichus discovered the conspiracy and reported it to Nero's secretary, 1141: 1114: 1032: 912: 907: 856: 808: 629: 572: 503: 499: 157: 6060: 1889:, and the Roman fire of AD 64, but they are consistent in their condemnation of Nero. 1700:. Although order was restored for some time, Nero considered abandoning the province. 1492:

of Nero, c. after 68. Artwork portraying Nero rising to divine status after his death.

773:(requesting a five-year tax reprieve after an earthquake); and the northern colony of 12379: 12358: 12252: 12219: 11931: 11266: 10888: 10768: 10390: 10318: 9976: 9779: 9769: 9701: 9027: 8898: 8848: 8758: 8723: 8698: 8236: 8182: 8023: 7921: 7896: 7745: 7607: 7343: 7328: 7206: 7174: 6681: 6614: 6581: 6562: 6541: 6516: 6497: 6472: 6450: 6425: 6404: 6381: 6356: 6206: 6043: 6023: 5962: 5923: 5839: 5791: 5514: 5444: 5212: 5035: 5025: 4836: 4544: 4379: 4151: 4147: 4063: 3835: 3693: 3672: 3236: 3093: 3073: 2958: 2863: 2510: 2363: 2347: 2296: 2251: 2224: 2145: 1909: 1697: 1523: 1453: 1309: 1102:. Jürgen Malitz considers this to be a turning point in Nero's relationship with the 1099: 1064: 1056: 1010: 896: 720: 608: 553: 177: 6639: 6174: 5466: 5316: 12558: 12385: 12213: 11979: 11733: 11316: 10613: 10509: 10450: 9874: 9854: 8803: 8733: 8718: 8678: 8366: 8343: 8246: 8219: 8204: 8170: 8096: 8056: 8046: 7771: 7698: 7668: 7531: 7486: 7481: 7353: 6827: 6790: 6606: 6348: 6272: 6245: 6152: 6113: 6003: 4620: 4579: 4143: 4092: 3886: 3724: 3065: 2950: 2557:) gives a reign length of "thirteen years and seven months and twenty-seven days". 2185: 2112: 2078: 2026:. Pliny has one of the worst opinions of Nero and calls him an "enemy of mankind". 2022:(c. 24–79) did not survive. Still, there are several references to Nero in Pliny's 1740: 1405: 1393: 1344: 1182: 1015: 770: 588: 495: 487: 427: 211: 5739: 1193:" in stage costume while the city burned. The popular legend that Nero played the 12330: 12300: 12259: 12195: 11939: 11869: 11739: 11078: 10733: 10455: 9849: 9487: 9455: 9294: 8913: 8828: 8793: 8738: 8602: 8500: 8007: 7997: 7906: 7693: 7601: 7589: 7583: 7435: 7256: 7226: 7169: 7149: 6965: 6556: 6531: 6491: 6466: 6440: 6419: 6369: 6298: 6184: 6162: 5866: 5810: 5787: 5773: 5703: 5574: 5381: 5206: 4773: 4747: 4291: 4190: 2857: 2283: 2208: 2019: 1920: 1863: 1855: 1724: 1650: 1441: 1370: 1351:, also abandoned his allegiance to the Emperor and came out in support of Galba. 1250: 1198: 1174: 1028: 956: 892: 803: 766: 682: 657:

Nero was born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus on 15 December AD 37 in Antium (modern

568: 510: 277: 182: 147: 10036: 2250:(c. 240–320) also said that Nero "first persecuted the servants of God," as did 1806:

Nero studied poetry, music, painting and sculpture. He both sang and played the

1444:, and was buried in the Mausoleum of the Domitii Ahenobarbi, in what is now the 12426: 12224: 12185: 11903: 11859: 11728: 10812: 10738: 10568: 10440: 10400: 10148: 10000: 9965: 9955: 9889: 9844: 9726: 9721: 9301: 9280: 9246: 8818: 8728: 7901: 7865: 7810: 7703: 7626: 7524: 7518: 7450: 7430: 7184: 7144: 6487: 6201: 6157: 5502: 2394: 2275: 1931: 1836: 1751:

was chosen to replace Tiridates on the Armenian throne. When Tigranes attacked

1672: 1528: 1445: 1417: 1254: 1246: 1229:, increasing inflationary pressure for the first time in the Empire's history. 1226: 1189:

would eventually be built. Suetonius and Cassius Dio claim that Nero sang the "

1166: 1080: 1000: 976: 948: 860: 724: 545: 514: 371: 228: 152: 5693: 5562: 1320:, to join the rebellion and to declare himself emperor in opposition to Nero. 1273:

or in childbirth. Nero went into deep mourning; Poppaea was given a sumptuous

1261:. As a result, the conspiracy failed and its members were executed, including 12582: 12571: 12105: 12004: 11836: 11806: 11482: 11337: 11194: 11063: 10903: 10878: 10828: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10415: 10222: 10153: 10143: 10005: 9759: 9507: 9450: 9403: 9240: 9199: 8505: 8371: 8331: 7875: 7683: 7491: 6653:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 390–393. 6644: 6618: 6374: 6127: 5640: 5599: 5330: 5024:(1st University of Texas Press ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. 4548: 4081:"Regum Externorum Consuetudine: The Nature and Function of Embalming in Rome" 3240: 3077: 2962: 2412: 2314: 2165: 2100: 2066: 2048:(c. 4 BC–AD 65), Nero's teacher and advisor, writes very positively of Nero. 1859: 1755:, Nero had to send further legions to defend Armenia and Syria from Parthia. 1736: 1431:

An 1815 illustration of the alleged tomb of Nero; actually tomb of proconsul

1274: 1162: 1154: 1110: 1076: 952: 740: 716: 580: 460: 55: 37: 5855: 5777: 5100: 5039: 1679:

and raped her daughters, the Iceni revolted. They were joined by the Celtic

1090:

died. That same year, Nero called for the first treason trial of his reign (

999:, the source of conflict between Nero and his mother was Nero's affair with 12190: 12024: 12014: 11989: 11841: 11791: 11750: 11476: 11388: 11276: 11189: 11169: 11088: 11053: 11048: 10934: 10873: 10583: 10405: 10395: 10358: 10313: 10227: 10217: 10207: 10123: 9839: 9716: 9525: 9466: 9326: 9273: 9178: 8456: 8116: 7911: 7843: 7838: 7828: 7651: 7513: 7154: 6985: 6925: 6863: 6706: 6397: 6284: 5547: 2441: 2001: 1689: 1581: 1509: 1501: 1449: 1355: 1103: 901: 868: 576: 537: 132: 6036:

Brown, Raymond E.; Fitzmyer, Joseph A. and Murphy, Roland E. eds. (1990).

4183: 1212:

Houses built after the fire were spaced out, built in brick, and faced by

971: 12294: 12239: 12090: 12039: 11959: 11831: 11723: 11705: 11663: 11574: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11409: 11393: 11366: 11331: 11321: 11256: 11209: 11199: 11184: 11174: 11121: 11083: 11058: 11038: 11028: 10794: 10778: 10753: 10748: 10548: 10475: 10385: 10368: 10323: 10298: 10232: 10212: 10197: 10179: 9909: 9904: 9711: 9538: 9518: 9332: 9266: 9257: 9141: 8843: 7980: 7855: 7805: 7730: 7304: 7251: 7194: 6310: 4244: 4209: 2526: 2502: 2191:

against Roman rule. Rabbi Meir was considered one of the greatest of the

1897: 1878: 1680: 1664: 1508:, mention that Nero's death was mourned as he "restored the liberties of 1480: 1217: 1216:

on wide roads. Nero also built himself a new palace complex known as the

1178: 836: 744: 646: 633: 518: 203: 109: 8401: 6063:

The Book of Revelation, Apocalyptic Literature, and Millennial Movements

4556: 4532: 4104: 4080: 2598:"Julia Agrippina | Empress, Mother, Empress Nero | Britannica" 1743:

and his legions advanced on Tiridates and captured the Armenian capital

1723:

Nero began preparing for war in the early years of his reign, after the

1009:

Tacitus writes that the affair began while Poppaea was still married to

12411: 12365: 12318: 12273: 12245: 12066: 11949: 11874: 11801: 11690: 11505: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11415: 11403: 11383: 11356: 11326: 11306: 11251: 11204: 11179: 11111: 11073: 11043: 11033: 10773: 10573: 10563: 10333: 10328: 10293: 10202: 10174: 9995: 9899: 9894: 9879: 9864: 9672: 9666: 9580: 9308: 9126: 9063: 8778: 8708: 8693: 8688: 8663: 8597: 8571: 8036: 7951: 7916: 7881: 7793: 7708: 7468: 7461: 7408: 7388: 7333: 7298: 7291: 7236: 7201: 7064: 6015: 5590: 5542: 3248: 3224: 3206: 3204: 3202: 2970: 2351: 2329: 2311: 2278:

to the Corinthians traditionally dated to around AD 96. The apocryphal

2247: 2243: 2177: 2161: 2120: 1656: 1489: 1354:

In response, Nero fled Rome with the intention of going to the port of

1323: 1190: 1121: 1048: 755: 637: 592: 43: 7050: 6626: 3736: 3712: 3085: 3053: 2219: 1606: 12351: 12266: 12229: 12155: 12149: 12076: 12056: 11773: 11755: 11700: 11680: 11543: 11378: 11361: 11311: 11164: 11131: 11126: 11068: 10867: 10688: 10641: 10593: 10553: 10530: 10303: 10169: 10138: 9792: 9706: 9532: 9413: 9150: 8753: 8748: 7783: 7735: 7645: 7632: 7419: 7348: 7321: 7316: 7285: 7231: 7179: 7114: 7109: 6598:

Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association

6446: 6258: 5994:

Hillers, Delbert (1963). "Rev. 13, 18 and a scroll from Murabba'at".

5776:

wrote Nero knew Paul personally and had him killed, John Chrysostom,

5629: 4696: 4625: 4612: 4584: 4571: 4096: 2943:

Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association

2906: 2533: 2453: 2236: 2170: 2141: 2062: 1948: 1874: 1791: 1559: 1514: 1382: 1340:

continued opposition of Galba in Hispania did not bode well for him.

1186: 984: 832: 732: 708: 704: 614: 525: 12673:

Roman emperors to suffer posthumous denigration or damnatio memoriae

6664: 6007: 3199: 3187: 2954: 12421: 12416: 12405: 12372: 12287: 12280: 12234: 12206: 12200: 12165: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12113: 11745: 11685: 11528: 11500: 11093: 11023: 10835: 10821: 10801: 10763: 10675: 10620: 10578: 10410: 10380: 10343: 10288: 10133: 10010: 9915: 9859: 9754: 9661: 9655: 9644: 9610: 9494: 9480: 9473: 9460: 9424: 9164: 8918: 8903: 8838: 8813: 8673: 8051: 7833: 7725: 7678: 7638: 7620: 7540: 7475: 7455: 7425: 7398: 7393: 7378: 7368: 7338: 7246: 7241: 7189: 7164: 7159: 7124: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 6763: 6610: 6192: 6170: 6148: 5552: 5478: 4228: 3728: 3167:

https://www.tibursuperbum.it/eng/escursioni/subiaco/VillaNerone.htm

3069: 2498: 2300: 2292: 2034: 1971: 1960: 1905: 1882: 1752: 1744: 1590: 1548: 1397: 1328: 1222: 1213: 1129: 1068: 796:. Tacitus also writes that Agrippina arranged for Claudius' doctor 792:

prepared the toxin, which was served to the Emperor by his servant

785: 780: 728: 678: 674: 662: 483: 340: 327: 313: 300: 246: 73: 3319:, Chapter 19: Buildings of an emperor - How Nero transformed Rome. 2509:

from 40 per Roman pound to 45 (7.9 grams to 7.2 grams).

2203:. He is the third-most-frequently-mentioned sage in the Mishnah. 1573:

of Nero's return lasted for hundreds of years after Nero's death.

12398: 12337: 12180: 11864: 11675: 11669: 11657: 11538: 11533: 11470: 11449: 11294: 11246: 11146: 11136: 10861: 10758: 10728: 10710: 10699: 10682: 10634: 10627: 10558: 10480: 10128: 9936: 9922: 9834: 9785: 9691: 9634: 9585: 9418: 9408: 9388: 9321: 9171: 9050: 8868: 8743: 8561: 7985: 7688: 7595: 7508: 7363: 7139: 6236: 6214: 5463: 4674: 4639: 4039: 4020: 4001: 3982: 3963: 3944: 3899: 3881: 3808: 3639: 3634: 3584: 3440: 3421: 3354: 3297: 2646: 2263: 2232: 2196: 2192: 2181: 2137: 2088: 1870: 1808: 1769: 1676: 1109:

After Burrus' death, Nero appointed two new Praetorian prefects:

996: 888: 884: 828: 793: 789: 774: 688: 673:. His mother Agrippina was the sister of the third Roman emperor 625: 584: 560: 549: 223: 98: 9062: 747:

was more prominent in provincial coinages during the early 50s.

12305: 12175: 11812: 11695: 11300: 11271: 11141: 11116: 10908: 10842: 10668: 10661: 10588: 10543: 10537: 10363: 10283: 9869: 9696: 9649: 9603: 9575: 9501: 9379: 9338: 9220: 9185: 9157: 8798: 7757: 7614: 7496: 7268: 7134: 6578:

From the Gracchi to Nero: a history of Rome 133 B.C. to A.D. 68

5481: 4613:"Finding Nero: shining a new light on Romano-British sculpture" 4376:

Agrippina: sister of Caligula, wife of Claudius, mother of Nero

3922:. BBC History Magazine and BBC History Revealed. Archived from 2558: 2506: 2289: 2200: 2149: 1773: 1765: 1612: 1570: 1413: 1365: 1360: 1297: 1285: 1094:

trial) against Antistius Sosianus. He also executed his rivals

931: 524:

Nero's practical contributions to Rome's governance focused on

471: 162: 105: 47: 5440:

Nero in Opera: Librettos as Transformations of Ancient Sources

3330:"LacusCurtius • Domus Transitoria (Platner & Ashby, 1929)" 1291: 1197:

while Rome burned "is at least partly a literary construct of

544:. He made public appearances as an actor, poet, musician, and 459:; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68) was a 436: 12391: 12170: 12160: 12138: 11796: 10705: 10693: 10606: 10523: 10374: 10308: 9970: 9639: 9597: 9591: 9383: 9342: 9213: 9206: 9192: 7358: 7129: 7119: 7099: 6780: 3669:

Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning

1974:(c. 37–100), who accused other historians of slandering Nero. 1660: 1586: 1540: 1485: 1386: 1313: 827:

The main ancient Roman literary sources for Nero's reign are

697: 693: 658: 604: 529: 83: 3255: 2771: 2744: 1513:

and Vitellius both thought it worthwhile to appeal to their

12143: 11523: 11398: 10599: 9929: 9749: 9731: 9616: 9398: 9393: 9227: 9019: 7104: 6638: 5891:"2 Thessalonians 2:7 – Passage Lookup – King James Version" 4913: 4877: 3709:

Warden reduces its size to under 100 acres (0.40 km).

2355:

Lactantius maintains that it is not right to believe this.

2256:

Iudaeos impulsore Chresto assidue tumultuantis Roma expulit

2164::14). Nero became terrified, believing that God wanted the 2157: 1966: 1813: 1554: 1194: 1020: 677:. Nero was also the great-great-grandson of former emperor 439: 6595:

Rogers, Robert Samuel (1955). "Heirs and Rivals to Nero".

6468:

Claudius Caesar: Image and Power in the Early Roman Empire

4783: 4781: 3831:

The Great Fire of Rome: Life and Death in the Ancient City

3787: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2941:

Thornton, Mary Elizabeth Kelly (1971). "Nero's New Deal".

2119:, which was one of the first historical references of the 777:, after their settlement had suffered a devastating fire. 607:, Nero was declared a public enemy and condemned to death 10348: 6695: 6685: 5001: 4399: 4397: 4395: 11569: 4889: 4865: 4119: 2815: 2813: 2788: 2786: 2761: 2759: 2303:, before facing trial in Rome again prior to his death. 1692:

infantry were eliminated. The governor of the province,

743:

noted that, despite events in Rome, Nero's step-brother

4778: 4497: 4434: 4432: 4320: 4318: 4303: 4275: 4273: 3616: 3267: 3120:

Taxation in the Greco-Roman World: The Roman Principate

2992: 2982: 2980: 2692: 2690: 2369:

Some modern biblical scholars such as Delbert Hillers (

632:

was instigated by Nero to clear land for his planned "

603:

rebelled, with support from the eventual Roman emperor

5821: 4925: 4901: 4853: 4465: 4392: 4205: 4203: 3690:

The Domus Aurea and the Roman architectural revolution

3403: 2004:

II, "the Athenian" (c. 172–250), spoke of Nero in the

6633: 6485: 5996:

Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research

3453: 3367: 3336: 3279: 3210: 3193: 3021: 2888: 2876: 2837: 2810: 2798: 2783: 2756: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2652: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2393:

is a code for Nero, a view that is also supported in

2310:

in Rome during Nero's reign (but not by Nero) in the

467:, reigning from AD 54 until his death in AD 68. 448: 433: 6235: 6213: 6065:, University of San Francisco, USF Jesuit Community" 5811:"The Sibylline Oracles 5.361–76, 8.68–72, 8.531–157" 5794:

says Nero killed Peter and Paul, Sulpicius Severus,

5524: 5386: 5054:"Going for Gold: A History of Olympic Controversies" 4692: 4690: 4429: 4330: 4315: 4270: 4140:

Studies on the Text of Suetonius' 'De Vita Caesarum'

3578: 3529:"Roman Same-Sex Weddings from the Legal Perspective" 3391: 3100: 3033: 3009: 2977: 2687: 2609: 2607: 2126: 4224: 4222: 4200: 3379: 1577:wrote of the legend as a popular belief in AD 422. 430: 6396: 6373: 6345:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome 5915: 4138:Suetonius (2016), Kaster, Robert A (ed.), "Nero", 3717:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 3051: 2675: 2658: 2619: 2543:), which places the death on 9 June. Furthermore, 993:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome 855:Nero became emperor in AD 54, aged 16. His tutor, 665:. He was an only-child, the son of the politician 4687: 4451: 4449: 4447: 2604: 12569: 6493:The Emperor Nero: A Guide to the Ancient Sources 6112:(2). Dominican University of California: 36–37. 6042:. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. p. 1009. 5993: 4823:. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022 4219: 4078: 2565:) gives "13 years, 7 months and 28 days" (using 2262:, both expelled from Italy at the time, "Jews" ( 1456:, it is unclear whether Nero took his own life. 6103:"The Book of Revelation (Course Lecture Notes)" 4845:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3877: 3875: 3804: 3802: 3526: 2497:Nero or his moneyers reduced the weight of the 2269: 2173:was then dispatched to put down the rebellion. 5954: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5507:The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity 4444: 3568: 3566: 1970:A circa 18th-century woodcut of the historian 9035: 8417: 7036: 6529: 5276:"Epictetus, Discourses, book 3, About Cynism" 4757: 4755: 4610: 4569: 3793: 3415: 3316: 3261: 2777: 1869:The bulk of what is known of Nero comes from 402: 3893: 3872: 3799: 3710: 3628: 6682:The Roman Empire in the First Century: Nero 6110:The Scott Sinclair Lecture Notes Collection 5579: 4526: 4524: 3671:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 227–28. 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3563: 3551: 3124:Oxford Handbook Topics in Classical Studies 3052:Anderson, J. G. C.; Haverfield, F. (1911). 2306:Peter is first said to have been crucified 1292:Revolt of Vindex and Galba and Nero's death 9042: 9028: 8424: 8410: 7043: 7029: 6665:International Society for Neronian Studies 6510: 5668: 4752: 4367: 4163: 3129: 1989:Although more of a poet than a historian, 1908:and governor of Smyrna after the death of 1327:A marble bust of Nero, Antiquarium of the 895:. In AD 55, Nero removed Agrippina's ally 409: 395: 36: 8431: 6515:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6169: 6147: 5204: 4624: 4583: 4137: 1060:Agrippina's removal for Nero's conduct". 681:(descended from Augustus' only daughter, 641:Empire, a popular legend arose that Nero 12452: 6575: 6283: 6100: 5436: 4919: 4895: 4871: 4521: 4487: 3622: 3597: 3535:. University of Michigan. Archived from 3409: 3273: 3003: 2940: 2855: 2260:Aquila of Pontus and his wife, Priscilla 2218: 1965: 1484: 1426: 1322: 1304:, rebelled against Nero's tax policies. 1145: 970: 906: 846: 749: 719:, were exiled to a remote island in the 687: 422:Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus 12658:People of the Year of the Four Emperors 6554: 6438: 6417: 6338: 6309: 6118:10.33015/dominican.edu/2016.sinclair.02 5827: 5019: 5007: 4931: 4907: 4859: 4803: 4530: 4503: 4419: 4373: 4125: 3777: 3494: 3459: 3373: 3285: 3027: 2894: 2882: 2843: 2819: 2804: 2765: 2696: 2640: 2184:, and was a prominent supporter of the 1547:, who claimed to be the son of Emperor 42:Head of Nero from an oversized statue. 12570: 11599: 10964: 10066: 9092: 6594: 6530:Buckley, Emma; Dinter, Martin (2013). 6464: 6394: 6249:. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. 6227:. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. 6058: 5961:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 86–. 5846:also say that Nero is the Antichrist, 4841:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4611:Russell, Miles; Manley, Harry (2013). 4570:Russell, Miles; Manley, Harry (2016). 3533:Classical Studies Newsletter, Volume X 3480:sfn error: no target: CITEREFTacitus ( 3397: 3385: 3225:"Whatever Happened to Lady Agrippina?" 3222: 3106: 3039: 3015: 2986: 2792: 2736:sfn error: no target: CITEREFTacitus ( 2681: 2669: 2444:and the year was "in the consulate of 2214: 198:Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus 12693:Suicides by sharp instrument in Italy 12451: 11568: 10933: 10035: 9061: 9023: 8405: 7024: 6421:Nero Caesar Augustus: Emperor of Rome 6257: 5897:from the original on 29 December 2008 5530: 5392: 4883: 4438: 4336: 4324: 4309: 4279: 3827: 3761: 3510: 3342: 3177: 2750: 2613: 2375:American Schools of Oriental Research 2199:is one of the few women cited in the 2123:to portray Nero in a positive light. 1712: 1696:, assembled his remaining forces and 1644: 1596: 1135: 131:Mausoleum of the Domitii Ahenobarbi, 12104: 6353:10.1093/acref/9780195170726.001.0001 6191: 4658: 4260: 3054:"Trajan on the Quinquennium Neronis" 1849:Nero in the arts and popular culture 1265:, the poet. Nero's previous advisor 1063:He began to build a new palace, the 1019:Tacitus says Poppaea was married to 879:, a great-grandson of Augustus; and 692:Statue of Nero in his birthplace of 482:(great-granddaughter of the emperor 6966:Ti. Catius Asconius Silius Italicus 6714:Roman Emperor Nero: Rethinking Nero 6702:Emperor Nero: Facts & Biography 3828:Walsh, Joseph J. (1 October 2019). 3471: 3211:Barrett, Fantham & Yardley 2016 3194:Barrett, Fantham & Yardley 2016 2724: 2653:Barrett, Fantham & Yardley 2016 2131: 1779: 822: 661:), eight months after the death of 13: 12638:Heads of state who died by suicide 12608:Anti-Christian sentiment in Europe 6141: 6039:The New Jerome Biblical Commentary 5922:. Liturgical Press. pp. 61–. 5613:"Sulpicius Severus: Chronicles II" 3920:"Emperor Nero: the tyrant of Rome" 3147:from the original on 1 August 2017 2160:by the hand of my people Israel" ( 1827:In AD 67 Nero participated in the 959:, during his participation at the 567:, and made peace with the hostile 16:5th Roman emperor from AD 54 to 68 14: 12719: 6658: 6332: 6101:Sinclair, Scott Gambrill (2016). 5443:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 21. 5256:from the original on 22 June 2017 5246:"Epictetus – The Core Curriculum" 2127:In Jewish and Christian tradition 1842: 1655:In Britannia (Britain) in AD 59, 1241:, a Roman statesman, organized a 911:Emperor Nero being instructed by 559:During Nero's reign, the general 536:. He ordered the construction of 9002: 9001: 8989: 8470: 8447:Archaeological Museum of Olympia 6094: 6083: 6071:from the original on 1 June 2007 6052: 6030: 5987: 5975:from the original on 11 May 2016 5948: 5909: 5883: 5871: 5833: 5803: 5767: 5749: 5708: 5686: 5656: 5645: 5623: 5605: 5536: 5496: 5487: 5471: 5457: 5437:Manuwald, Gesine (28 May 2013). 5430: 5414: 5398: 5364: 5351: 5335: 5309: 5293: 5268: 5238: 5225: 5198: 5175: 5159: 5136: 5113: 5076: 5046: 5013: 4985: 4969: 4953: 4937: 4813: 4719: 4706: 4668: 4633: 4604: 4592: 4563: 4509: 4342: 4285: 4062:. Psychology Press. pp. 135–36. 2520: 1626: 1605: 1463:ended. Chaos would ensue in the 1035:writes that Tacitus' account in 426: 276: 12663:Persecution of early Christians 8452:Ancient Greek Olympic festivals 6533:A Companion to the Neronian Age 6136: 5936:from the original on 4 May 2016 5208:The Oxford Classical Dictionary 4238: 4176: 4131: 4072: 4060:Political Dissidence Under Nero 4052: 4033: 4014: 3995: 3976: 3957: 3938: 3912: 3860: 3848: 3821: 3743: 3703: 3682: 3661: 3649: 3520: 3434: 3348: 3322: 3291: 3216: 3159: 3112: 3045: 2934: 2916: 2900: 2849: 2825: 2702: 2491: 2482: 2472: 2459: 2434: 1739:throne. Around AD 57 and AD 58 1420:, pacing up and down muttering 1185:, sited more or less where the 987:, Nero had his former freedman 758:depicting Nero and his mother, 513:– supposedly so he could marry 6496:. Princeton University Press. 6471:. Cambridge University Press. 6323:. Translated by Earnest Cary. 5761:www.earlychristianwritings.com 5680:www.earlychristianwritings.com 4148:10.1093/oseo/instance.00233087 3713:"The Domus Aurea Reconsidered" 3692:. Cambridge University Press. 2859:From Tiberius to the Antonines 2590: 2581: 2424: 2176:The Talmud adds that the sage 1232: 842: 727:, the mother of later emperor 636:". Tacitus claims Nero seized 599:began. When the Roman senator 1: 12678:Roman-era Olympic competitors 12062:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator 7006:P. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus 6880:M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus 6403:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. 6368: 6343:, in Gagarin, Michael (ed.), 5877: 5662: 4598: 4515: 3866: 3854: 3749: 3655: 3610: 3572: 3557: 2575: 2323: 1634: 1616: 1470: 1452:) area of Rome. According to 941: 784:sources, the Roman historian 652: 643:had not died and would return 463:and the final emperor of the 9049: 6511:Drinkwater, John F. (2019). 6380:. Harvard University Press. 6339:Barrett, Anthony A. (2010), 5858:Commentary on the Apocalypse 5779:Concerning Lowliness of Mind 5732:First Epistle of Clement 5:6 5020:Judith., Swaddling (1984) . 3058:The Journal of Roman Studies 2465:For further information see 2440:The date is recorded in the 2270:Martyrdoms of Peter and Paul 1900:(c. 155–229) was the son of 966: 7: 11995:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 6555:Griffin, Miriam T. (2002). 6490:; Yardley, John C. (2016). 6294:Life of Apollonius of Tyana 5916:Cory, Catherine A. (2006). 5211:. OUP Oxford. p. 288. 5205:Spawforth, Anthony (2012). 4142:, Oxford University Press, 2401: 2058:Lives of the Twelve Caesars 2007:Life of Apollonius of Tyana 1801: 1719:Roman–Parthian War of 58–63 915:, work by Spanish sculptor 667:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus 649:" to gain popular support. 565:Roman–Parthian War of 58–63 542:athletic games and contests 476:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus 457:Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus 242:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus 120:9 June AD 68 (aged 30) 10: 12724: 12688:Ancient Roman philhellenes 12598:1st-century Roman emperors 10894:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef 10278:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep 10042:Second Intermediate Period 8619:Herald and Trumpet contest 8316:Constantine XI Palaiologos 8267:Andronikos III Palaiologos 8154:Nikephoros III Botaneiates 6558:Nero: The End of a Dynasty 5511:Princeton University Press 2862:. Routledge. p. 589. 2385:, contend that the number 2327: 2076: 2055: 1846: 1783: 1716: 1675:scourged Prasutagus' wife 1648: 1474: 1139: 1042: 1023:when the affair began. In 474:in AD 37, the son of 18: 12556: 12458: 12447: 12345:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus 12089: 12035:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 11930: 11902: 11887: 11850: 11822: 11782: 11764: 11714: 11647: 11632: 11590: 11586: 11564: 11514: 11491: 11424: 11347: 11285: 11237: 11222: 11155: 11102: 11014: 10999: 10955: 10951: 10940:Third Intermediate Period 10929: 10852: 10811: 10719: 10651: 10499: 10267: 10252: 10188: 10162: 10114: 10099: 10057: 10053: 10031: 9986: 9946: 9821: 9806: 9740: 9682: 9625: 9566: 9551: 9441: 9370: 9355: 9256: 9140: 9125: 9083: 9079: 9068:First Intermediate Period 9057: 8983: 8938: 8643: 8636: 8611: 8585: 8519: 8486: 8479: 8468: 8439: 8392: 8324: 8289:Andronikos IV Palaiologos 8257:Andronikos II Palaiologos 8082:Constantine IX Monomachos 7770: 7667: 7550: 7377: 7215: 7063: 6996: 6983: 6962: 6939: 6935:Cossus Cornelius Lentulus 6923: 6902: 6885: 6861: 6850:P. Clodius Thrasea Paetus 6841: 6824: 6808: 6787: 6777: 6768: 6760: 6755: 6728: 5676:"The Ascension of Isaiah" 5652:Acts of the Apostles 18:2 5022:The ancient Olympic games 4189:11 September 2008 at the 4079:Counts, Derek B. (1996). 3794:Buckley & Dinter 2013 3317:Buckley & Dinter 2013 3262:Buckley & Dinter 2013 2856:Garzetti, Albino (2014). 2778:Buckley & Dinter 2013 2383:HarperCollins Study Bible 2180:lived in the time of the 2099:Tacitus was the son of a 1536:year of the Four Emperors 1534:The civil war during the 1465:year of the Four Emperors 1086:In AD 62, Nero's adviser 619:Year of the Four Emperors 381:Year of the Four Emperors 256: 234: 222: 209: 202: 197: 192: 188: 176: 140: 126: 116: 93: 89: 79: 69: 65:13 October 54 – 9 June 68 61: 54: 35: 30: 12698:Suicides in Ancient Rome 12057:Cleopatra VII Philopator 10314:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI 9072: (<3150–2040 BC) 8996:Olympic Games portal 8904:Tiberius Caesar Augustus 8252:Michael VIII Palaiologos 6259:C. Suetonius Tranquillus 5724:apocryphal Acts of Peter 5702:13 December 2006 at the 5596:De mortibus persecutorum 5573:13 December 2006 at the 5315:Marcus Annaeus Lucanus, 5250:www.college.columbia.edu 4746:22 November 2022 at the 4195:De Imperatoribus Romanis 3667:Roth, Leland M. (1993). 3527:Frier, Bruce W. (2004). 2418: 2371:Johns Hopkins University 2308:specifically upside-down 1923:, an 11th-century monk. 1694:Gaius Suetonius Paulinus 1500:Eastern sources, namely 1349:Gaius Nymphidius Sabinus 1013:, but in his later work 936:Lucius Pedanius Secundus 271:Roman imperial dynasties 12030:Ptolemy XI Alexander II 11945:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 10239:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra 8946:Ancient Olympic victors 8107:Eudokia Makrembolitissa 7741:Tiberius II Constantine 6675:Encyclopædia Britannica 6650:Encyclopædia Britannica 6576:Scullard, H.H. (2011). 6513:Nero. Emperor and Court 6465:Osgood, Josiah (2011). 6439:Shotter, David (2012). 6418:Shotter, David (2016). 6395:Malitz, Jürgen (2005). 6180:Antiquities of the Jews 5955:Garrow, A.J.P. (2002). 5865:6 February 2007 at the 5740:The Muratorian Fragment 5716:apocryphal Acts of Paul 5617:www.thelatinlibrary.com 5551:(Lost text), quoted in 4058:Rudich, Vasily (1993) 3688:Ball, Larry F. (2003). 3517:calls him "Doryphorus". 3223:Dawson, Alexis (1969). 3141:Encyclopædia Britannica 2550:On Weights and Measures 2377:and the editors of the 2115:published in Basel his 2018:The history of Nero by 1314:Servius Sulpicius Galba 1284:In AD 67, Nero married 1243:conspiracy against Nero 851:Bust of Nero as pharaoh 703:The ancient biographer 595:to the empire, and the 12603:Ancient Roman adoptees 12578:Julio-Claudian dynasty 12072:Ptolemy XIV Philopator 12051:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena 12045:Berenice IV Epiphaneia 12000:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes 11970:Arsinoe III Philopator 10884:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef 10354:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw 10294:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V 9885:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb 8874:Polydamas of Skotoussa 8844:Peisistratos of Athens 8689:Arrhichion of Phigalia 8669:Alexander I of Macedon 8262:Michael IX Palaiologos 6943:C. Velleius Paterculus 6735:Julio-Claudian dynasty 6325:Loeb Classical Library 6303:Loeb Classical Library 6277:Loeb Classical Library 6251:Loeb Classical Library 6229:Loeb Classical Library 5919:The Book of Revelation 5856:Victorinus of Pettau, 5695:Ecclesiastical History 5558:Ecclesiastical History 4531:Pollini, John (2006). 4374:Barrett, A. A (1996). 3137:"Nero | Roman emperor" 3118:Günther, Sven (2014) ' 2833:Life of Claudius 44–45 2408:List of Roman emperors 2334:The Beast (Revelation) 2229: 2211:, died aged 4 months. 2097: 1982: 1975: 1941: 1786:First Jewish–Roman War 1493: 1461:Julio-Claudian dynasty 1436: 1332: 1318:Hispania Tarraconensis 1306:Lucius Verginius Rufus 1158: 980: 919: 897:Marcus Antonius Pallas 852: 762: 700: 597:First Jewish–Roman War 517:– and his stepbrother 507:Sextus Afranius Burrus 465:Julio-Claudian dynasty 287:Julio-Claudian dynasty 103:15 December AD 37 12020:Ptolemy X Alexander I 11985:Ptolemy VI Philometor 11965:Ptolemy IV Philopator 11960:Berenice II Euergetes 11955:Ptolemy III Euergetes 11917:Philip III Arrhidaeus 10426:Khahotepre Sobekhotep 10421:Merhotepre Sobekhotep 9775:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II 8909:Timasitheus of Delphi 8879:Pythagoras of Laconia 8659:Agesarchus of Tritaea 8433:Ancient Olympic Games 8356:Thessalonian emperors 8350:Trapezuntine emperors 8311:John VIII Palaiologos 8306:Manuel II Palaiologos 8277:John VI Kantakouzenos 8193:Andronikos I Komnenos 8030:Constantine Lekapenos 7058:and empresses regnant 6972:P. Galerius Trachalus 6635:Pelham, Henry Francis 6580:. London: Routledge. 6538:John Wiley & Sons 6486:Barrett, Anthony A.; 5280:www.perseus.tufts.edu 5058:www.randomhistory.com 4378:. London: Routledge. 4297:Epitome de Caesaribus 3711:Warden, P.G. (1981). 3229:The Classical Journal 2342:Nero Redivivus legend 2222: 2093: 1977: 1969: 1936: 1915:Books 61–63 of Dio's 1847:Further information: 1717:Further information: 1707:Petronius Turpilianus 1649:Further information: 1567:Nero Redivivus Legend 1488: 1477:Nero Redivivus legend 1433:Gaius Vibius Marianus 1430: 1381:When he called for a 1326: 1239:Gaius Calpurnius Piso 1149: 1053:successful expedition 974: 910: 877:Marcus Junius Silanus 850: 753: 691: 671:Agrippina the Younger 480:Agrippina the Younger 261:Agrippina the Younger 210:Nero Claudius Caesar 21:Nero (disambiguation) 12643:LGBTQ Roman emperors 12618:Children of Claudius 12453:Dynastic genealogies 12077:Ptolemy XV Caesarion 11373:Tutkheperre Shoshenq 11287:High Priests of Amun 10789:Merankhre Mentuhotep 10491:Seheqenre Sankhptahi 10486:Sewadjare Mentuhotep 10339:Khaankhre Sobekhotep 10046: (2040–1550 BC) 9765:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I 8889:Sostratus of Pellene 8859:Philip II of Macedon 8824:Nero Caesar Augustus 8704:Berenice II of Egypt 8684:Archelaus of Macedon 8674:Anaxilas of Messenia 8664:Alcibiades of Athens 8294:John VII Palaiologos 8242:Theodore II Laskaris 8102:Constantine X Doukas 8042:Nikephoros II Phokas 7000:C. Bellicius Natalis 6949:M. Manilius Vopiscus 6906:T. Sextius Africanus 6692:Nero (37 AD – 68 AD) 6237:P. Cornelius Tacitus 6215:P. Cornelius Tacitus 5893:. BibleGateway.com. 5844:Victorinus of Pettau 5815:www.sacred-texts.com 5634:Life of Claudius 25 5370:Seneca the Younger, 4772:2 March 2007 at the 4761:Augustine of Hippo, 4714:Life of Vitellius 11 4617:Internet Archaeology 4576:Internet Archaeology 4184:"Galba (68–69 A.D.)" 2228:, Henryk Siemiradzki 2178:Reb Meir Baal HaNess 1822:exploits of Hercules 1818:scaenici imperatoris 1698:defeated the Britons 1582:three Nero impostors 1459:With his death, the 1422:Qualis artifex pereo 1120:In AD 64 during the 928:Quinquennium Neronis 571:. The Roman general 19:For other uses, see 11975:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 11912:Alexander the Great 10944: (1550–664 BC) 10466:Mershepsesre Ini II 10461:Merkawre Sobekhotep 9855:Neferkare IV Khendu 8929:Xenophon of Corinth 8919:Varazdat of Armenia 8894:Theagenes of Thasos 8884:Pythagoras of Samos 8864:Philippus of Croton 8834:Onomastus of Smyrna 8789:Hiero I of Syracuse 8784:Herodorus of Megara 8774:Ergoteles of Himera 8754:Demaratus of Sparta 8577:Tethrippon of polos 8225:Theodore I Laskaris 8210:Alexios III Angelos 8188:Alexios II Komnenos 8112:Romanos IV Diogenes 8067:Romanos III Argyros 8013:Romanos I Lekapenos 6978:as ordinary consuls 6912:M. Ostorius Scapula 6889:C. Fonteius Agrippa 6719:National Geographic 6670:Nero, Roman Emperor 6126:(attributed to the 5848:Sulpicius Severus, 5786:3 July 2007 at the 5757:"The Acts of Peter" 4085:Classical Antiquity 3539:on 30 December 2011 2338:Number of the beast 2280:Ascension of Isaiah 2215:Christian tradition 2154:Great Jewish Revolt 2148:. According to the 1796:Temple of Jerusalem 1702:Julius Classicianus 1506:Apollonius of Tyana 1375:prefecture of Egypt 1298:Gaius Julius Vindex 1073:Gardens of Maecenas 305:27 BC – AD 14 122:outside Rome, Italy 12633:Domitii Ahenobarbi 12312:Trebonianus Gallus 10899:Senakhtenre Ahmose 10517:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre 10471:Sewahenre Senebmiu 10446:Sankhenre Sewadjtu 9875:Neferkare V Tereru 9845:Neferkare III Neby 9513:Sekhemib-Perenmaat 8966:Hellenistic period 8924:Xenophon of Aegium 8839:Orsippus of Megara 8809:Leonidas of Rhodes 8769:Diocles of Corinth 8764:Diagoras of Rhodes 8714:Chaeron of Pellene 8654:Agasias of Arcadia 8649:Acanthus of Sparta 8462:Stadium at Olympia 8344:Britannic emperors 8338:Palmyrene emperors 8272:John V Palaiologos 8215:Alexios IV Angelos 8164:Constantine Doukas 8159:Alexios I Komnenos 8147:Constantine Doukas 8130:Michael VII Doukas 8092:Michael VI Bringas 7658:Romulus Augustulus 7281:Trebonianus Gallus 7274:Herennius Etruscus 7056:Byzantine emperors 7012:as suffect consuls 6955:as suffect consuls 6918:as suffect consuls 6873:L. Calpurnius Piso 6856:as suffect consuls 6820:L. Antistius Vetus 6803:as suffect consuls 6756:Political offices 6268:The Twelve Caesars 6090:Revelation 17:1–18 5380:3 May 2006 at the 5064:on 12 January 2018 4922:, pp. 265–66. 2909:, "Life of Nero", 2567:inclusive counting 2391:Book of Revelation 2379:Oxford Study Bible 2360:Augustine of Hippo 2230: 2041:Seneca the Younger 1976: 1902:Cassius Apronianus 1713:Peace with Parthia 1645:Boudica's uprising 1597:Military conflicts 1575:Augustine of Hippo 1545:Nymphidius Sabinus 1494: 1437: 1337:Battle of Vesontio 1333: 1316:, the governor of 1308:, the governor of 1302:Gallia Lugdunensis 1300:, the governor of 1159: 1142:Great Fire of Rome 1136:Great Fire of Rome 1115:Ofonius Tigellinus 1057:Miriam T. Griffins 1033:Anthony A. Barrett 981: 920: 853: 809:Seneca the Younger 763: 701: 630:Great Fire of Rome 573:Suetonius Paulinus 504:praetorian prefect 500:Seneca the Younger 158:Statilia Messalina 12653:People from Anzio 12628:Damnatio memoriae 12565: 12564: 12552: 12551: 12443: 12442: 12439: 12438: 12435: 12434: 12359:Claudius Gothicus 12253:Severus Alexander 12220:Septimius Severus 12085: 12084: 11883: 11882: 11628: 11627: 11560: 11559: 11556: 11555: 11552: 11551: 11267:Osorkon the Elder 11218: 11217: 10995: 10994: 10925: 10924: 10921: 10920: 10917: 10916: 10889:Nubkheperre Intef 10769:Sekhemre Shedwast 10391:Sehetepkare Intef 10319:Semenkare Nebnuni 10248: 10247: 10095: 10094: 10027: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10019: 10018: 9802: 9801: 9780:Netjerkare Siptah 9702:Neferirkare Kakai 9547: 9546: 9351: 9350: 9121: 9120: 9017: 9016: 8979: 8978: 8899:Theron of Acragas 8869:Phrynon of Athens 8849:Phanas of Pellene 8759:Desmon of Corinth 8744:Cynisca of Sparta 8724:Chionis of Sparta 8699:Astylos of Croton 8632: 8631: 8399: 8398: 8237:John III Vatatzes 8183:Manuel I Komnenos 7922:Michael I Rangabe 7766: 7765: 7608:Petronius Maximus 7207:Severus Alexander 7175:Septimius Severus 7019: 7018: 7015: 6997:Succeeded by 6981: 6958: 6940:Succeeded by 6921: 6898: 6895:as suffect consul 6886:Succeeded by 6859: 6837: 6834:as suffect consul 6825:Succeeded by 6806: 6778:Succeeded by 6587:978-0-415-58488-3 6568:978-1-134-61044-0 6522:978-1-108-47264-7 6503:978-1-4008-8110-9 6478:978-0-521-88181-4 6456:978-1-134-36432-9 6431:978-1-138-14015-8 6410:978-1-4051-4475-9 6387:978-0-674-01822-8 6362:978-0-19-517072-6 6207:Bernadotte Perrin 6175:"Chapters XIX–XX" 5968:978-0-203-13308-8 5929:978-0-8146-2885-0 5840:Sulpicius Severus 5792:Sulpicius Severus 5450:978-3-11-031751-0 5343:Natural Histories 5341:Pliny the Elder, 5010:, pp. 41–42. 4157:978-0-19-875847-1 3841:978-1-4214-3372-1 2869:978-1-317-69844-9 2587:Suetonius, Nero 6 2511:Tulane University 2364:2 Thessalonians 2 2348:Sibylline Oracles 2252:Sulpicius Severus 2242:Christian writer 2024:Natural Histories 1910:Septimius Severus 1524:damnatio memoriae 1454:Sulpicius Severus 1310:Germania Superior 1245:with the help of 1100:Rubellius Plautus 1065:Domus Transitoria 1011:Rufrius Crispinus 975:Coin of Nero and 721:Mediterranean Sea 554:Roman aristocracy 470:Nero was born at 419: 418: 386: 385: 266: 265: 218: 217: 12715: 12559:List of pharaohs 12449: 12448: 12214:Pescennius Niger 12102: 12101: 12098: 12097: 12010:Ptolemy IX Soter 11980:Cleopatra I Syra 11900: 11899: 11896: 11895: 11645: 11644: 11641: 11640: 11597: 11596: 11588: 11587: 11581: 11580: 11566: 11565: 11317:Djedkhonsuefankh 11235: 11234: 11231: 11230: 11012: 11011: 11008: 11007: 10982: 10977: 10962: 10961: 10953: 10952: 10946: 10945: 10931: 10930: 10524:Qareh Khawoserre 10510:Yakbim Sekhaenre 10451:Mersekhemre Ined 10265: 10264: 10261: 10260: 10112: 10111: 10108: 10107: 10064: 10063: 10055: 10054: 10048: 10047: 10033: 10032: 9819: 9818: 9815: 9814: 9564: 9563: 9560: 9559: 9368: 9367: 9364: 9363: 9138: 9137: 9134: 9133: 9090: 9089: 9081: 9080: 9074: 9073: 9059: 9058: 9044: 9037: 9030: 9021: 9020: 9005: 9004: 8994: 8993: 8992: 8961:Classical period 8939:Lists of winners 8804:Iccus of Taranto 8734:Coroebus of Elis 8719:Chilon of Patras 8679:Aratus of Sicyon 8641: 8640: 8567:Synoris of polos 8532:Chariot of polos 8484: 8483: 8474: 8473: 8426: 8419: 8412: 8403: 8402: 8247:John IV Laskaris 8220:Alexios V Doukas 8205:Isaac II Angelos 8171:John II Komnenos 8097:Isaac I Komnenos 8057:Constantine VIII 8047:John I Tzimiskes 7774:Byzantine Empire 7548: 7547: 7045: 7038: 7031: 7022: 7021: 7009: 6975: 6963:Preceded by 6952: 6915: 6903:Preceded by 6892: 6853: 6845:L. Duvius Avitus 6842:Preceded by 6831: 6828:Numerius Cestius 6800: 6788:Preceded by 6761:Preceded by 6751: 6744: 6726: 6725: 6654: 6642: 6630: 6591: 6572: 6551: 6526: 6507: 6482: 6460: 6435: 6414: 6402: 6391: 6379: 6370:Champlin, Edward 6365: 6328: 6306: 6297:. Translated by 6280: 6273:John Carew Rolfe 6271:. Translated by 6254: 6232: 6210: 6205:. Translated by 6188: 6183:. Translated by 6166: 6161:. Translated by 6131: 6125: 6107: 6098: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6056: 6050: 6034: 6028: 6027: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5952: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5913: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5807: 5801: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5753: 5747: 5712: 5706: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5672: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5649: 5643: 5639:30 June 2012 at 5627: 5621: 5620: 5609: 5603: 5588: 5577: 5565:, translated by 5540: 5534: 5528: 5522: 5500: 5494: 5491: 5485: 5475: 5469: 5461: 5455: 5454: 5434: 5428: 5418: 5412: 5402: 5396: 5390: 5384: 5368: 5362: 5355: 5349: 5339: 5333: 5329:26 July 2007 at 5313: 5307: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5242: 5236: 5231:Dio Chrysostom, 5229: 5223: 5222: 5202: 5196: 5179: 5173: 5163: 5157: 5140: 5134: 5117: 5111: 5098:Life of Agricola 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5060:. Archived from 5050: 5044: 5043: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4989: 4983: 4973: 4967: 4957: 4951: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4840: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4817: 4811: 4801: 4795: 4785: 4776: 4759: 4750: 4723: 4717: 4710: 4704: 4694: 4685: 4672: 4666: 4656: 4650: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4626:10.11141/ia.32.5 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4585:10.11141/ia.42.2 4567: 4561: 4560: 4537:The Art Bulletin 4528: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4485: 4479: 4469: 4463: 4453: 4442: 4436: 4427: 4417: 4411: 4401: 4390: 4389: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4268: 4258: 4252: 4242: 4236: 4226: 4217: 4207: 4198: 4180: 4174: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4097:10.2307/25011039 4076: 4070: 4056: 4050: 4037: 4031: 4018: 4012: 3999: 3993: 3980: 3974: 3961: 3955: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3916: 3910: 3897: 3891: 3879: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3825: 3819: 3806: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3775: 3769: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3707: 3701: 3686: 3680: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3595: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3524: 3518: 3508: 3502: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3438: 3432: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3133: 3127: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2990: 2984: 2975: 2974: 2938: 2932: 2920: 2914: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2722: 2716: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2617: 2611: 2602: 2601: 2594: 2588: 2585: 2570: 2524: 2518: 2495: 2489: 2486: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2467:adoption in Rome 2463: 2457: 2438: 2432: 2428: 2132:Jewish tradition 2117:Encomium Neronis 2113:Girolamo Cardano 2107:Girolamo Cardano 2079:Annals (Tacitus) 1780:First Jewish War 1741:Domitius Corbulo 1731:set his brother 1659:, leader of the 1636: 1633:Aureus of Nero, 1630: 1618: 1609: 1345:Praetorian Guard 1183:Colossus of Nero 1165:overlooking the 1151:The Fire of Rome 823:Reign (AD 54–68) 754:Relief from the 589:Bosporan Kingdom 575:quashed a major 550:infamous persons 496:Praetorian Guard 488:Emperor Claudius 451: 446: 445: 442: 441: 438: 435: 432: 411: 404: 397: 364: 363: 330: 316: 280: 268: 267: 190: 189: 40: 28: 27: 12723: 12722: 12718: 12717: 12716: 12714: 12713: 12712: 12623:Claudii Nerones 12568: 12567: 12566: 12561: 12548: 12454: 12431: 12331:Macrianus Minor 12260:Maximinus Thrax 12196:Marcus Aurelius 12095: 12094: 12093: 12081: 11940:Ptolemy I Soter 11926: 11893: 11892: 11891: 11879: 11846: 11818: 11778: 11760: 11740:Psammetichus IV 11710: 11638: 11637: 11636: 11624: 11602: 11593: 11582: 11579:(664 BC–313 AD) 11578: 11577: 11548: 11510: 11487: 11483:Menkheperre Ini 11420: 11343: 11281: 11228: 11227: 11226: 11214: 11151: 11098: 11079:Neferneferuaten 11005: 11004: 11003: 10991: 10990: 10980: 10975: 10974:Pharaohs 10967: 10958: 10947: 10943: 10942: 10913: 10848: 10807: 10734:Sobekhotep VIII 10715: 10647: 10495: 10456:Sewadjkare Hori 10258: 10257: 10256: 10244: 10184: 10158: 10105: 10104: 10103: 10091: 10069: 10060: 10049: 10045: 10044: 10015: 9982: 9942: 9850:Djedkare Shemai 9812: 9811: 9810: 9798: 9736: 9678: 9621: 9557: 9556: 9555: 9543: 9437: 9361: 9360: 9359: 9347: 9252: 9131: 9130: 9129: 9117: 9095: 9086: 9075: 9071: 9070: 9053: 9048: 9018: 9013: 8990: 8988: 8975: 8934: 8933: 8914:Troilus of Elis 8854:Philinus of Cos 8829:Oebotas of Dyme 8794:Hypenus of Elis 8739:Cylon of Athens 8628: 8607: 8581: 8552:Perfect chariot 8515: 8475: 8471: 8466: 8435: 8430: 8400: 8395: 8388: 8332:Gallic emperors 8320: 8008:Constantine VII 7789:Constantine III 7776: 7773: 7762: 7671: 7663: 7602:Valentinian III 7590:Constantius III 7584:Priscus Attalus 7568:Constantine III 7554: 7546: 7436:Valerius Valens 7381: 7373: 7219: 7211: 7170:Didius Julianus 7150:Marcus Aurelius 7067: 7059: 7049: 7008: 7003: 6991: 6989: 6974: 6969: 6951: 6946: 6931: 6929: 6914: 6909: 6891: 6877: 6869: 6867: 6852: 6848: 6830: 6816: 6814: 6799: 6794: 6783: 6774: 6766: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6731: 6661: 6588: 6569: 6548: 6523: 6504: 6488:Fantham, Elaine 6479: 6457: 6432: 6411: 6388: 6363: 6335: 6299:F. C. Conybeare 6197:"Life of Galba" 6185:William Whiston 6163:William Whiston 6144: 6142:Ancient sources 6139: 6134: 6105: 6099: 6095: 6088: 6084: 6074: 6072: 6057: 6053: 6035: 6031: 6008:10.2307/1355990 5992: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5969: 5953: 5949: 5939: 5937: 5930: 5914: 5910: 5900: 5898: 5889: 5888: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5867:Wayback Machine 5838: 5834: 5826: 5822: 5809: 5808: 5804: 5788:Wayback Machine 5774:John Chrysostom 5772: 5768: 5755: 5754: 5750: 5713: 5709: 5704:Wayback Machine 5691: 5687: 5674: 5673: 5669: 5661: 5657: 5650: 5646: 5628: 5624: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5589: 5580: 5575:Wayback Machine 5567:A. C. McGiffert 5541: 5537: 5529: 5525: 5503:Isaac, Benjamin 5501: 5497: 5492: 5488: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5458: 5451: 5435: 5431: 5419: 5415: 5403: 5399: 5391: 5387: 5382:Wayback Machine 5373:Apocolocyntosis 5369: 5365: 5356: 5352: 5340: 5336: 5314: 5310: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5259: 5257: 5244: 5243: 5239: 5235:XXI, On Beauty. 5230: 5226: 5219: 5203: 5199: 5180: 5176: 5164: 5160: 5141: 5137: 5118: 5114: 5081: 5077: 5067: 5065: 5052: 5051: 5047: 5032: 5018: 5014: 5006: 5002: 4993:War of the Jews 4990: 4986: 4977:War of the Jews 4974: 4970: 4961:War of the Jews 4958: 4954: 4945:War of the Jews 4942: 4938: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4902: 4894: 4890: 4882: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4858: 4854: 4834: 4833: 4826: 4824: 4821:"Archived copy" 4819: 4818: 4814: 4802: 4798: 4786: 4779: 4774:Wayback Machine 4760: 4753: 4748:Wayback Machine 4736:; Cassius Dio, 4727:Life of Nero 57 4724: 4720: 4711: 4707: 4695: 4688: 4673: 4669: 4657: 4653: 4638: 4634: 4609: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4568: 4564: 4529: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4486: 4482: 4470: 4466: 4454: 4445: 4437: 4430: 4418: 4414: 4402: 4393: 4386: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4335: 4331: 4323: 4316: 4308: 4304: 4292:Aurelius Victor 4290: 4286: 4278: 4271: 4259: 4255: 4243: 4239: 4227: 4220: 4208: 4201: 4191:Wayback Machine 4182:Donahue, John, 4181: 4177: 4168: 4164: 4158: 4136: 4132: 4124: 4120: 4112:Natural History 4077: 4073: 4057: 4053: 4038: 4034: 4019: 4015: 4000: 3996: 3981: 3977: 3962: 3958: 3943: 3939: 3929: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3898: 3894: 3880: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3826: 3822: 3807: 3800: 3792: 3788: 3776: 3772: 3760: 3756: 3748: 3744: 3708: 3704: 3687: 3683: 3666: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3598: 3583: 3579: 3571: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3542: 3540: 3525: 3521: 3509: 3505: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3470: 3466: 3458: 3454: 3439: 3435: 3420: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3380: 3372: 3368: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3296: 3292: 3284: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3260: 3256: 3221: 3217: 3209: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3148: 3135: 3134: 3130: 3117: 3113: 3105: 3101: 3050: 3046: 3038: 3034: 3026: 3022: 3014: 3010: 3002: 2993: 2985: 2978: 2955:10.2307/2935958 2939: 2935: 2921: 2917: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2854: 2850: 2842: 2838: 2830: 2826: 2818: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2791: 2784: 2776: 2772: 2764: 2757: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2723: 2719: 2707: 2703: 2695: 2688: 2680: 2676: 2668: 2659: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2620: 2612: 2605: 2600:. January 2024. 2596: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2525: 2521: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2477: 2473: 2464: 2460: 2450:Marcus Suillius 2446:Gaius Antistius 2439: 2435: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2404: 2344: 2328:Main articles: 2326: 2284:Twelve Apostles 2272: 2217: 2209:Claudia Augusta 2134: 2129: 2081: 2060: 2020:Pliny the Elder 2014:Pliny the Elder 1921:John Xiphilinus 1885:, the death of 1864:Pliny the Elder 1856:Fabius Rusticus 1851: 1845: 1804: 1788: 1782: 1721: 1715: 1653: 1651:Boudican revolt 1647: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1631: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1610: 1599: 1483: 1473: 1442:Claudia Octavia 1294: 1251:Sulpicius Asper 1235: 1175:Pliny the Elder 1144: 1138: 1124:, Nero married 1096:Cornelius Sulla 1051:sources with a 1045: 969: 957:Olympia, Greece 944: 893:Vestalis Maxima 865:intra cubiculum 845: 825: 817:Afranius Burrus 804:Apocolocyntosis 767:Claudia Octavia 731:'s third wife, 655: 569:Parthian Empire 540:, and promoted 511:Claudia Octavia 449: 429: 425: 415: 379: 370: 358: 355: 346: 343: 334: 331: 326: 320: 317: 312: 306: 303: 252: 183:Claudia Augusta 172: 148:Claudia Octavia 136: 121: 104: 102: 50: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12721: 12711: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12683:Roman pharaohs 12680: 12675: 12670: 12668:Poppaea Sabina 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12590: 12585: 12580: 12563: 12562: 12557: 12554: 12553: 12550: 12549: 12547: 12546: 12541: 12536: 12531: 12526: 12521: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12468: 12465: 12459: 12456: 12455: 12445: 12444: 12441: 12440: 12437: 12436: 12433: 12432: 12430: 12429: 12427:Maximinus Daza 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12402: 12395: 12388: 12383: 12376: 12369: 12362: 12355: 12348: 12341: 12334: 12327: 12322: 12315: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12291: 12284: 12277: 12270: 12263: 12256: 12249: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12210: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12186:Antoninus Pius 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12110: 12108: 12099: 12096:(30 BC–313 AD) 12087: 12086: 12083: 12082: 12080: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12047: 12042: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11936: 11934: 11928: 11927: 11925: 11924: 11919: 11914: 11908: 11906: 11897: 11885: 11884: 11881: 11880: 11878: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11860:Artaxerxes III 11856: 11854: 11848: 11847: 11845: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11828: 11826: 11820: 11819: 11817: 11816: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11788: 11786: 11780: 11779: 11777: 11776: 11770: 11768: 11762: 11761: 11759: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11736: 11731: 11729:Petubastis III 11726: 11720: 11718: 11712: 11711: 11709: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11666: 11661: 11653: 11651: 11642: 11630: 11629: 11626: 11625: 11623: 11622: 11617: 11616: 11615: 11612: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11594: 11591: 11584: 11583: 11562: 11561: 11558: 11557: 11554: 11553: 11550: 11549: 11547: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11520: 11518: 11512: 11511: 11509: 11508: 11503: 11497: 11495: 11489: 11488: 11486: 11485: 11480: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11430: 11428: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11418: 11413: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11353: 11351: 11345: 11344: 11342: 11341: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11297: 11291: 11289: 11283: 11282: 11280: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11243: 11241: 11232: 11224:3 Intermediate 11220: 11219: 11216: 11215: 11213: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11161: 11159: 11153: 11152: 11150: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11108: 11106: 11100: 11099: 11097: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11020: 11018: 11009: 11006:(1550–1070 BC) 10997: 10996: 10993: 10992: 10989: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10959: 10956: 10949: 10948: 10927: 10926: 10923: 10922: 10919: 10918: 10915: 10914: 10912: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10864: 10858: 10856: 10850: 10849: 10847: 10846: 10839: 10832: 10825: 10817: 10815: 10809: 10808: 10806: 10805: 10798: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10746: 10741: 10739:Neferhotep III 10736: 10731: 10725: 10723: 10717: 10716: 10714: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10679: 10672: 10665: 10657: 10655: 10649: 10648: 10646: 10645: 10638: 10631: 10624: 10617: 10610: 10603: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10569:Sewadjkare III 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10538:Maaibre Sheshi 10534: 10531:'Ammu Ahotepre 10527: 10520: 10513: 10505: 10503: 10497: 10496: 10494: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10441:Merhotepre Ini 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10401:Sobekhotep III 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10273: 10271: 10262: 10259:(1802–1550 BC) 10254:2 Intermediate 10250: 10249: 10246: 10245: 10243: 10242: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10194: 10192: 10186: 10185: 10183: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10166: 10164: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10156: 10151: 10149:Mentuhotep III 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10120: 10118: 10109: 10106:(2040–1802 BC) 10101:Middle Kingdom 10097: 10096: 10093: 10092: 10090: 10089: 10084: 10083: 10082: 10079: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10061: 10058: 10051: 10050: 10038:Middle Kingdom 10029: 10028: 10025: 10024: 10021: 10020: 10017: 10016: 10014: 10013: 10008: 10003: 10001:Neferkare VIII 9998: 9992: 9990: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9980: 9973: 9968: 9966:Nebkaure Khety 9963: 9958: 9956:Meryibre Khety 9952: 9950: 9944: 9943: 9941: 9940: 9933: 9926: 9919: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9890:Neferkamin Anu 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9831: 9829: 9816: 9813:(2181–2040 BC) 9808:1 Intermediate 9804: 9803: 9800: 9799: 9797: 9796: 9789: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9746: 9744: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9734: 9729: 9727:Djedkare Isesi 9724: 9722:Menkauhor Kaiu 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9688: 9686: 9680: 9679: 9677: 9676: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9631: 9629: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9619: 9614: 9607: 9600: 9595: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9572: 9570: 9561: 9558:(2686–2181 BC) 9549: 9548: 9545: 9544: 9542: 9541: 9536: 9529: 9522: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9498: 9491: 9484: 9477: 9470: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9447: 9445: 9439: 9438: 9436: 9435: 9428: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9376: 9374: 9365: 9362:(3150–2686 BC) 9357:Early Dynastic 9353: 9352: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9345: 9336: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9312: 9305: 9298: 9291: 9284: 9277: 9270: 9262: 9260: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9250: 9243: 9238: 9231: 9224: 9217: 9210: 9203: 9196: 9189: 9182: 9175: 9168: 9161: 9154: 9146: 9144: 9135: 9123: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9116: 9115: 9110: 9109: 9108: 9105: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9087: 9084: 9077: 9076: 9055: 9054: 9047: 9046: 9039: 9032: 9024: 9015: 9014: 9012: 9011: 8999: 8984: 8981: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8956:Archaic period 8953: 8948: 8942: 8940: 8936: 8935: 8932: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8819:Milo of Croton 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8799:Hysmon of Elis 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8729:Cimon Coalemos 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8645: 8644: 8638: 8634: 8633: 8630: 8629: 8627: 8626: 8621: 8615: 8613: 8609: 8608: 8606: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8589: 8587: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8523: 8521: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8492: 8490: 8481: 8477: 8476: 8469: 8467: 8465: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8443: 8441: 8437: 8436: 8429: 8428: 8421: 8414: 8406: 8397: 8396: 8393: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8386: 8385: 8384: 8379: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8353: 8347: 8341: 8335: 8328: 8326: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8291: 8286: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8168: 8156: 8151: 8127: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8087:Theodora (III) 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7983: 7978: 7966: 7954: 7949: 7937: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7902:Constantine VI 7899: 7894: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7866:Theodosius III 7863: 7858: 7853: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7811:Constantine IV 7808: 7803: 7791: 7786: 7780: 7778: 7768: 7767: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7760: 7755: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7675: 7673: 7669:Eastern Empire 7665: 7664: 7662: 7661: 7654: 7649: 7642: 7635: 7630: 7623: 7618: 7611: 7604: 7599: 7592: 7587: 7580: 7564: 7558: 7556: 7552:Western Empire 7545: 7544: 7537: 7525:Magnus Maximus 7521: 7519:Valentinian II 7516: 7511: 7506: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7472: 7465: 7458: 7453: 7451:Constantius II 7448: 7446:Constantine II 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7385: 7383: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7314: 7309: 7301: 7296: 7278: 7266: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7223: 7221: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7145:Antoninus Pius 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7071: 7069: 7068:27 BC – AD 235 7061: 7060: 7048: 7047: 7040: 7033: 7025: 7017: 7016: 6998: 6995: 6982: 6964: 6960: 6959: 6941: 6938: 6922: 6904: 6900: 6899: 6887: 6884: 6860: 6843: 6839: 6838: 6826: 6823: 6807: 6789: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6776: 6767: 6762: 6758: 6757: 6753: 6752: 6743:15 December 37 6732: 6729: 6724: 6723: 6711: 6699: 6689: 6679: 6667: 6660: 6659:External links 6657: 6656: 6655: 6645:Chisholm, Hugh 6631: 6611:10.2307/283618 6592: 6586: 6573: 6567: 6552: 6547:978-1118316535 6546: 6527: 6521: 6508: 6502: 6483: 6477: 6461: 6455: 6436: 6430: 6415: 6409: 6392: 6386: 6366: 6361: 6334: 6333:Modern sources 6331: 6330: 6329: 6311:L. Cassius Dio 6307: 6281: 6263:"Life of Nero" 6255: 6233: 6211: 6202:Parallel Lives 6189: 6167: 6158:The Jewish War 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6132: 6093: 6082: 6051: 6048:978-0136149347 6029: 5986: 5967: 5947: 5928: 5908: 5882: 5870: 5832: 5820: 5802: 5766: 5748: 5707: 5685: 5667: 5655: 5644: 5622: 5604: 5578: 5535: 5523: 5519:978-0691125985 5513:. pp. 440–91. 5495: 5486: 5470: 5456: 5449: 5429: 5413: 5397: 5385: 5363: 5350: 5334: 5308: 5292: 5267: 5237: 5224: 5217: 5197: 5174: 5158: 5135: 5112: 5075: 5045: 5031:978-0292703735 5030: 5012: 5000: 4984: 4968: 4952: 4936: 4924: 4912: 4900: 4898:, p. 265. 4888: 4876: 4874:, p. 254. 4864: 4852: 4812: 4796: 4777: 4751: 4718: 4705: 4701:Life of Otho 7 4686: 4667: 4651: 4632: 4603: 4591: 4562: 4543:(3): 590–597. 4520: 4508: 4506:, p. 186. 4496: 4480: 4464: 4443: 4428: 4412: 4391: 4385:978-0713468540 4384: 4366: 4341: 4329: 4314: 4302: 4284: 4269: 4253: 4237: 4218: 4199: 4175: 4162: 4156: 4130: 4118: 4071: 4051: 4032: 4013: 3994: 3975: 3956: 3937: 3911: 3892: 3871: 3859: 3847: 3840: 3820: 3798: 3786: 3770: 3754: 3742: 3729:10.2307/989644 3702: 3681: 3660: 3648: 3627: 3625:, p. 260. 3615: 3596: 3577: 3562: 3550: 3519: 3503: 3487: 3464: 3452: 3433: 3414: 3402: 3390: 3378: 3366: 3347: 3335: 3321: 3309: 3290: 3278: 3276:, p. 258. 3266: 3264:, p. 364. 3254: 3235:(6): 253–267. 3215: 3213:, p. 215. 3198: 3196:, p. 214. 3186: 3170: 3158: 3128: 3111: 3099: 3070:10.2307/295862 3044: 3032: 3020: 3008: 3006:, p. 257. 2991: 2976: 2933: 2915: 2899: 2887: 2875: 2868: 2848: 2836: 2824: 2809: 2797: 2795:, p. 231. 2782: 2780:, p. 119. 2770: 2755: 2753:, 7 (note 16). 2743: 2717: 2701: 2686: 2674: 2657: 2645: 2618: 2603: 2589: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2571: 2519: 2490: 2481: 2471: 2458: 2433: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2403: 2400: 2395:Roman Catholic 2325: 2322: 2271: 2268: 2225:Nero's Torches 2216: 2213: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2109: 2108: 2077:Main article: 2075: 2074: 2056:Main article: 2054: 2053: 2043: 2042: 2032: 2031: 2016: 2015: 1999: 1998: 1987: 1986: 1959:The historian 1957: 1956: 1946: 1945: 1932:Dio Chrysostom 1929: 1928: 1927:Dio Chrysostom 1895: 1894: 1844: 1843:Historiography 1841: 1837:Campus Martius 1803: 1800: 1784:Main article: 1781: 1778: 1714: 1711: 1685:their uprising 1673:Catus Decianus 1646: 1643: 1632: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1611: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1529:United Kingdom 1472: 1469: 1446:Villa Borghese 1293: 1290: 1247:Subrius Flavus 1234: 1231: 1227:Roman currency 1167:Circus Maximus 1140:Main article: 1137: 1134: 1081:Horti Lolliani 1071:including the 1044: 1041: 1001:Poppaea Sabina 977:Poppaea Sabina 968: 965: 949:Subiaco, Lazio 943: 940: 917:Eduardo Barrón 861:H. H. Scullard 844: 841: 824: 821: 725:Domitia Lepida 654: 651: 515:Poppaea Sabina 417: 416: 414: 413: 406: 399: 391: 388: 387: 384: 383: 374: 372:Roman Republic 360: 359: 356: 351: 348: 347: 344: 339: 336: 335: 332: 325: 322: 321: 318: 311: 308: 307: 304: 299: 296: 295: 291: 290: 282: 281: 273: 272: 264: 263: 258: 254: 253: 251: 250: 244: 238: 236: 232: 231: 229:Julio-Claudian 226: 220: 219: 216: 215: 207: 206: 200: 199: 195: 194: 186: 185: 180: 174: 173: 171: 170: 165: 160: 155: 153:Poppaea Sabina 150: 144: 142: 138: 137: 130: 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 112:, Roman Empire 95: 91: 90: 87: 86: 81: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 52: 51: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12720: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12703:Talmud people 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12575: 12573: 12560: 12555: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12460: 12457: 12450: 12446: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12407: 12403: 12401: 12400: 12396: 12394: 12393: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12381: 12377: 12375: 12374: 12370: 12368: 12367: 12363: 12361: 12360: 12356: 12354: 12353: 12349: 12347: 12346: 12342: 12340: 12339: 12335: 12333: 12332: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12320: 12316: 12314: 12313: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12296: 12292: 12290: 12289: 12285: 12283: 12282: 12278: 12276: 12275: 12271: 12269: 12268: 12264: 12262: 12261: 12257: 12255: 12254: 12250: 12248: 12247: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12215: 12211: 12209: 12208: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12151: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12111: 12109: 12107: 12103: 12100: 12092: 12088: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12052: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12005:Cleopatra III 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11937: 11935: 11933: 11929: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11909: 11907: 11905: 11901: 11898: 11890: 11886: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11857: 11855: 11853: 11849: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11829: 11827: 11825: 11821: 11815: 11814: 11810: 11808: 11807:Nepherites II 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11789: 11787: 11785: 11781: 11775: 11772: 11771: 11769: 11767: 11763: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11741: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11721: 11719: 11717: 11713: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11671: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11659: 11655: 11654: 11652: 11650: 11646: 11643: 11635: 11631: 11621: 11618: 11613: 11610: 11609: 11607: 11606: 11604: 11598: 11595: 11589: 11585: 11576: 11572: 11567: 11563: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11513: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11494: 11490: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11478: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11451: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11431: 11429: 11427: 11423: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11411: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11374: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11350: 11346: 11340: 11339: 11338:Psusennes III 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11302: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11292: 11290: 11288: 11284: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11244: 11242: 11240: 11236: 11233: 11229:(1069–664 BC) 11225: 11221: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11195:Ramesses VIII 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11162: 11160: 11158: 11154: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11109: 11107: 11105: 11101: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11064:Amenhotep III 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11021: 11019: 11017: 11013: 11010: 11002: 10998: 10987: 10984: 10979: 10973: 10972: 10969: 10963: 10960: 10954: 10950: 10941: 10937: 10932: 10928: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10904:Seqenenre Tao 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10879:Sobekemsaf II 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10869: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10859: 10857: 10855: 10851: 10845: 10844: 10840: 10838: 10837: 10833: 10831: 10830: 10829:Wepwawetemsaf 10826: 10824: 10823: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10814: 10810: 10804: 10803: 10799: 10797: 10796: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10726: 10724: 10722: 10718: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10701: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10684: 10680: 10678: 10677: 10673: 10671: 10670: 10666: 10664: 10663: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10654: 10650: 10644: 10643: 10639: 10637: 10636: 10632: 10630: 10629: 10625: 10623: 10622: 10618: 10616: 10615: 10611: 10609: 10608: 10604: 10602: 10601: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10539: 10535: 10533: 10532: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10521: 10519: 10518: 10514: 10512: 10511: 10507: 10506: 10504: 10502: 10498: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10436:Merneferre Ay 10434: 10432: 10431:Wahibre Ibiau 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10416:Sobekhotep IV 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10376: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10279: 10275: 10274: 10272: 10270: 10266: 10263: 10255: 10251: 10241: 10240: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10223:Amenemhat III 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10187: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10161: 10155: 10154:Mentuhotep IV 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10144:Mentuhotep II 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10117: 10113: 10110: 10102: 10098: 10088: 10085: 10080: 10077: 10076: 10074: 10073: 10071: 10065: 10062: 10056: 10052: 10043: 10039: 10034: 10030: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10006:Wahkare Khety 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9989: 9985: 9979: 9978: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9961:Neferkare VII 9959: 9957: 9954: 9953: 9951: 9949: 9945: 9939: 9938: 9934: 9932: 9931: 9927: 9925: 9924: 9920: 9918: 9917: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9832: 9830: 9828: 9824: 9820: 9817: 9809: 9805: 9795: 9794: 9790: 9788: 9787: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9747: 9745: 9743: 9739: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9685: 9681: 9675: 9674: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9657: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9632: 9630: 9628: 9624: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9612: 9608: 9606: 9605: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9593: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9565: 9562: 9554: 9550: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9534: 9530: 9528: 9527: 9523: 9521: 9520: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9508:Seth-Peribsen 9506: 9504: 9503: 9499: 9497: 9496: 9492: 9490: 9489: 9485: 9483: 9482: 9478: 9476: 9475: 9471: 9469: 9468: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9451:Hotepsekhemwy 9449: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9440: 9434: 9433: 9429: 9427: 9426: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9381: 9378: 9377: 9375: 9373: 9369: 9366: 9358: 9354: 9344: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9334: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9317: 9313: 9311: 9310: 9306: 9304: 9303: 9299: 9297: 9296: 9292: 9290: 9289: 9285: 9283: 9282: 9278: 9276: 9275: 9271: 9269: 9268: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9259: 9255: 9249: 9248: 9244: 9242: 9241:Double Falcon 9239: 9237: 9236: 9232: 9230: 9229: 9225: 9223: 9222: 9218: 9216: 9215: 9211: 9209: 9208: 9204: 9202: 9201: 9197: 9195: 9194: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9183: 9181: 9180: 9176: 9174: 9173: 9169: 9167: 9166: 9162: 9160: 9159: 9155: 9153: 9152: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9143: 9139: 9136: 9132:(pre-3150 BC) 9128: 9127:Protodynastic 9124: 9114: 9111: 9106: 9103: 9102: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9091: 9088: 9082: 9078: 9069: 9065: 9064:Protodynastic 9060: 9056: 9052: 9045: 9040: 9038: 9033: 9031: 9026: 9025: 9022: 9010: 9009: 9000: 8998: 8997: 8986: 8985: 8982: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8943: 8941: 8937: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8646: 8642: 8639: 8635: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8610: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8584: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8518: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8506:Hoplitodromos 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8485: 8482: 8478: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8444: 8442: 8438: 8434: 8427: 8422: 8420: 8415: 8413: 8408: 8407: 8404: 8391: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8374: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8357: 8354: 8351: 8348: 8345: 8342: 8339: 8336: 8333: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8323: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8232: 8231: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8200: 8199: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8178: 8177: 8172: 8169: 8166: 8165: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8143: 8142: 8137: 8136: 8131: 8128: 8125: 8124: 8119: 8118: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8026: 8025: 8020: 8019: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7993: 7992: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7970: 7969:Theodora (II) 7967: 7964: 7963: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7938: 7935: 7934: 7929: 7928: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7892: 7891: 7890: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7877: 7876:Constantine V 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7861:Anastasius II 7859: 7857: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7818: 7817: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7775: 7769: 7759: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7684:Theodosius II 7682: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7647: 7643: 7641: 7640: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7628: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7616: 7612: 7610: 7609: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7585: 7581: 7578: 7577: 7576: 7570: 7569: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7543: 7542: 7538: 7535: 7534: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7504: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7492:Valentinian I 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7477: 7473: 7471: 7470: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7421: 7417: 7415: 7414:Constantine I 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7404:Constantius I 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7307: 7306: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7288: 7287: 7282: 7279: 7276: 7275: 7270: 7267: 7264: 7263: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7057: 7053: 7046: 7041: 7039: 7034: 7032: 7027: 7026: 7023: 7014: 7013: 7007: 7001: 6994: 6988: 6987: 6980: 6979: 6973: 6967: 6961: 6957: 6956: 6950: 6944: 6937: 6936: 6928: 6927: 6920: 6919: 6913: 6907: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6890: 6883: 6881: 6876: 6874: 6866: 6865: 6858: 6857: 6851: 6846: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6829: 6822: 6821: 6813: 6812: 6805: 6804: 6798: 6792: 6786: 6782: 6773: 6772: 6771:Roman emperor 6765: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6742: 6737: 6736: 6727: 6721: 6720: 6715: 6712: 6709: 6708: 6703: 6700: 6697: 6693: 6690: 6687: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6599: 6593: 6589: 6583: 6579: 6574: 6570: 6564: 6561:. Routledge. 6560: 6559: 6553: 6549: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6514: 6509: 6505: 6499: 6495: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6480: 6474: 6470: 6469: 6462: 6458: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6443: 6437: 6433: 6427: 6424:. Routledge. 6423: 6422: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6401: 6400: 6393: 6389: 6383: 6378: 6377: 6371: 6367: 6364: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6337: 6336: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6320:Roman History 6316: 6315:"Books 61–63" 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6295: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6247: 6242: 6241:"Books 13–16" 6238: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6203: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6153:"Books II–VI" 6150: 6146: 6145: 6129: 6128:public domain 6124: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6104: 6097: 6091: 6086: 6070: 6066: 6064: 6055: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6040: 6033: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5990: 5974: 5970: 5964: 5960: 5959: 5951: 5935: 5931: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5912: 5896: 5892: 5886: 5879: 5874: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5853: 5851: 5845: 5841: 5836: 5830:, p. 15. 5829: 5824: 5816: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5798: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5762: 5758: 5752: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5711: 5705: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5689: 5681: 5677: 5671: 5664: 5659: 5653: 5648: 5642: 5641:archive.today 5638: 5635: 5631: 5626: 5618: 5614: 5608: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5532: 5527: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5499: 5490: 5483: 5480: 5474: 5468: 5465: 5460: 5452: 5446: 5442: 5441: 5433: 5426: 5423: 5417: 5410: 5407: 5401: 5394: 5389: 5383: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5367: 5360: 5354: 5347: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5331:archive.today 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320:(Civil War) ( 5319: 5312: 5305: 5302: 5296: 5281: 5277: 5271: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5234: 5228: 5220: 5218:9780199545568 5214: 5210: 5209: 5201: 5194: 5191: 5187: 5184: 5178: 5171: 5168: 5162: 5155: 5152: 5148: 5145: 5139: 5132: 5129: 5125: 5122: 5116: 5109: 5106: 5102: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5088: 5085: 5079: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5049: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5023: 5016: 5009: 5004: 4997: 4994: 4988: 4981: 4978: 4972: 4965: 4962: 4956: 4949: 4946: 4940: 4934:, p. 35. 4933: 4928: 4921: 4920:Scullard 2011 4916: 4910:, p. 33. 4909: 4904: 4897: 4896:Scullard 2011 4892: 4885: 4880: 4873: 4872:Scullard 2011 4868: 4862:, p. 32. 4861: 4856: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4822: 4816: 4809: 4805: 4800: 4793: 4790: 4784: 4782: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4758: 4756: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4738:Roman History 4735: 4732: 4728: 4722: 4715: 4709: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4691: 4683: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4648: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4627: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4595: 4586: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4527: 4525: 4517: 4512: 4505: 4500: 4493: 4489: 4484: 4477: 4474: 4468: 4461: 4458: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4440: 4435: 4433: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4409: 4406: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4387: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4338: 4333: 4326: 4321: 4319: 4311: 4306: 4300: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4281: 4276: 4274: 4266: 4262: 4257: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4234: 4230: 4225: 4223: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4185: 4179: 4172: 4169:Cassius Dio, 4166: 4159: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4134: 4127: 4122: 4115: 4113: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4091:(2): 189–90. 4090: 4086: 4082: 4075: 4069: 4068:9780415069519 4065: 4061: 4055: 4048: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4029: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4010: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3953: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3926:on 6 May 2021 3925: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3876: 3868: 3863: 3856: 3851: 3843: 3837: 3834:. JHU Press. 3833: 3832: 3824: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3803: 3795: 3790: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3751: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3723:(4): 271–78. 3722: 3718: 3714: 3706: 3699: 3698:0-521-82251-3 3695: 3691: 3685: 3678: 3677:0-06-430158-3 3674: 3670: 3664: 3657: 3652: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3624: 3623:Scullard 2011 3619: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3581: 3574: 3569: 3567: 3559: 3554: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3523: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3483: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3462:, p. 99. 3461: 3456: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3437: 3430: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3412:, p. 26. 3411: 3410:Scullard 2011 3406: 3400:, p. 22. 3399: 3394: 3387: 3382: 3376:, p. 53. 3375: 3370: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3344: 3339: 3331: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3288:, p. 84. 3287: 3282: 3275: 3274:Scullard 2011 3270: 3263: 3258: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3219: 3212: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3195: 3190: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3168: 3165:Nero's villa 3162: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3109:, p. 17. 3108: 3103: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3048: 3042:, p. 19. 3041: 3036: 3030:, p. 12. 3029: 3024: 3018:, p. 18. 3017: 3012: 3005: 3004:Scullard 2011 3000: 2998: 2996: 2989:, p. 16. 2988: 2983: 2981: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2937: 2930: 2927: 2926: 2919: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2897:, p. 37. 2896: 2891: 2885:, p. 13. 2884: 2879: 2871: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2852: 2846:, p. 54. 2845: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2822:, p. 53. 2821: 2816: 2814: 2807:, p. 52. 2806: 2801: 2794: 2789: 2787: 2779: 2774: 2768:, p. 51. 2767: 2762: 2760: 2752: 2747: 2739: 2733: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2705: 2699:, p. 11. 2698: 2693: 2691: 2683: 2678: 2671: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2654: 2649: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2615: 2610: 2608: 2599: 2593: 2584: 2580: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2494: 2485: 2475: 2468: 2462: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2427: 2423: 2414: 2413:Roman pharaoh 2411: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2315:Acts of Peter 2313: 2309: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2227: 2226: 2221: 2212: 2210: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2167: 2166:Second Temple 2163: 2159: 2155: 2152:, during the 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2106: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2096: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2080: 2072: 2071: 2070: 2068: 2067:vestal virgin 2064: 2059: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2013: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2003: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1992: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1973: 1968: 1964: 1962: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1943: 1942: 1940: 1935: 1933: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1917:Roman History 1913: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1892: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1860:Cluvius Rufus 1857: 1850: 1840: 1838: 1832: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1810: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1787: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1720: 1710: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1652: 1629: 1614: 1608: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1518: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1434: 1429: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1338: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1296:In March 68, 1289: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1279:divine honors 1276: 1275:state funeral 1270: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1191:Sack of Ilium 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1156: 1155:Hubert Robert 1152: 1148: 1143: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1111:Faenius Rufus 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1077:Horti Lamiani 1074: 1070: 1066: 1061: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1008: 1007: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 983:According to 978: 973: 964: 962: 961:Olympic Games 958: 954: 953:Villa of Nero 950: 939: 937: 933: 929: 924: 918: 914: 909: 905: 903: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 849: 840: 838: 834: 830: 820: 818: 812: 810: 806: 805: 799: 795: 791: 787: 782: 778: 776: 772: 768: 761: 757: 752: 748: 746: 742: 741:David Shotter 736: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 717:Julia Livilla 713: 710: 706: 699: 695: 690: 686: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 650: 648: 644: 639: 635: 631: 627: 622: 620: 617:known as the 616: 612: 611: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 583:led by queen 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 538:amphitheaters 535: 531: 527: 522: 520: 516: 512: 508: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 468: 466: 462: 461:Roman emperor 458: 454: 453: 444: 423: 412: 407: 405: 400: 398: 393: 392: 390: 389: 382: 378: 375: 373: 369: 366: 365: 362: 361: 354: 350: 349: 342: 338: 337: 329: 324: 323: 315: 310: 309: 302: 298: 297: 293: 292: 289: 288: 284: 283: 279: 275: 274: 270: 269: 262: 259: 255: 248: 245: 243: 240: 239: 237: 233: 230: 227: 225: 221: 213: 208: 205: 201: 196: 191: 187: 184: 181: 179: 175: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 145: 143: 139: 134: 129: 125: 119: 115: 111: 107: 100: 96: 92: 88: 85: 82: 78: 75: 72: 68: 64: 60: 57: 56:Roman emperor 53: 49: 45: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 12613:Bisexual men 12404: 12397: 12390: 12378: 12371: 12364: 12357: 12350: 12343: 12336: 12329: 12317: 12310: 12293: 12286: 12279: 12272: 12265: 12258: 12251: 12244: 12212: 12205: 12191:Lucius Verus 12148: 12133: 12049: 12025:Berenice III 12015:Cleopatra IV 11990:Cleopatra II 11922:Alexander IV 11842:Nectanebo II 11811: 11792:Nepherites I 11751:Artaxerxes I 11738: 11668: 11656: 11639:(664–332 BC) 11619: 11575:Roman Period 11477:Shoshenq VII 11475: 11448: 11408: 11389:Shoshenq III 11371: 11336: 11299: 11277:Psusennes II 11190:Ramesses VII 11170:Ramesses III 11054:Amenhotep II 11049:Thutmose III 10985: 10874:Sobekemsaf I 10866: 10841: 10834: 10827: 10820: 10800: 10793: 10698: 10681: 10676:'Aper-'Anati 10674: 10667: 10660: 10640: 10633: 10626: 10619: 10612: 10605: 10598: 10584:Sekheperenre 10536: 10529: 10522: 10515: 10508: 10406:Neferhotep I 10396:Seth Meribre 10373: 10359:Djedkheperew 10276: 10237: 10228:Amenemhat IV 10218:Senusret III 10208:Amenemhat II 10124:Mentuhotep I 10086: 9975: 9935: 9928: 9921: 9914: 9840:Neferkare II 9791: 9784: 9717:Nyuserre Ini 9671: 9654: 9609: 9602: 9590: 9531: 9526:Neferkasokar 9524: 9517: 9500: 9493: 9486: 9479: 9472: 9465: 9430: 9423: 9331: 9314: 9307: 9300: 9293: 9286: 9279: 9274:Finger Snail 9272: 9265: 9245: 9233: 9226: 9219: 9212: 9205: 9198: 9191: 9184: 9177: 9170: 9163: 9156: 9149: 9112: 9006: 8987: 8971:Roman period 8951:Stadion race 8823: 8457:Hellanodikai 8299:Andronikos V 8297: 8280: 8228: 8196: 8174: 8162: 8145: 8139: 8133: 8121: 8115: 8028: 8022: 8016: 7989: 7972: 7960: 7943: 7931: 7925: 7912:Nikephoros I 7887: 7886: 7880: 7847: 7844:Justinian II 7839:Tiberius III 7829:Justinian II 7820: 7814: 7797: 7749: 7721:Anastasius I 7712: 7656: 7652:Julius Nepos 7644: 7637: 7625: 7613: 7606: 7594: 7582: 7573: 7572: 7566: 7539: 7530: 7529: 7523: 7514:Theodosius I 7501: 7474: 7467: 7460: 7431:Maximinus II 7418: 7320: 7303: 7290: 7284: 7272: 7260: 7193: 7155:Lucius Verus 7094: 7011: 7010: 6993:sine collega 6992: 6990:68 (suffect) 6986:Roman consul 6984: 6977: 6976: 6954: 6953: 6932: 6926:Roman consul 6924: 6917: 6916: 6894: 6893: 6878: 6870: 6864:Roman consul 6862: 6855: 6854: 6833: 6832: 6817: 6811:Roman consul 6809: 6802: 6801: 6796: 6791:M. Aefulanus 6769: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6717: 6707:Live Science 6705: 6673: 6648: 6640:"Nero" 6602: 6596: 6577: 6557: 6532: 6512: 6492: 6467: 6441: 6420: 6398: 6375: 6344: 6318: 6292: 6285:Philostratus 6266: 6244: 6222: 6200: 6178: 6156: 6137:Bibliography 6121: 6109: 6096: 6085: 6073:. Retrieved 6062: 6054: 6037: 6032: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5977:. Retrieved 5957: 5950: 5938:. Retrieved 5918: 5911: 5899:. Retrieved 5885: 5873: 5857: 5849: 5835: 5828:Griffin 2002 5823: 5814: 5805: 5796: 5778: 5769: 5760: 5751: 5710: 5694: 5688: 5679: 5670: 5658: 5647: 5625: 5616: 5607: 5594: 5556: 5548:Apologeticum 5546: 5538: 5526: 5506: 5498: 5489: 5473: 5459: 5439: 5432: 5421: 5416: 5405: 5400: 5388: 5372: 5366: 5358: 5353: 5342: 5337: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5301:Antiquities 5300: 5295: 5283:. Retrieved 5279: 5270: 5260:29 September 5258:. Retrieved 5249: 5240: 5232: 5227: 5207: 5200: 5189: 5188:; Josephus, 5182: 5177: 5166: 5161: 5150: 5149:; Josephus, 5143: 5138: 5127: 5120: 5115: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5089:; Josephus, 5083: 5078: 5066:. Retrieved 5062:the original 5057: 5048: 5021: 5015: 5008:Griffin 2002 5003: 4992: 4987: 4976: 4971: 4960: 4955: 4944: 4939: 4932:Shotter 2012 4927: 4915: 4908:Shotter 2012 4903: 4891: 4886:, 18, 39–40. 4879: 4867: 4860:Shotter 2012 4855: 4825:. Retrieved 4815: 4799: 4788: 4762: 4737: 4730: 4721: 4708: 4678: 4670: 4654: 4643: 4635: 4616: 4606: 4601:, pp. 29–31. 4594: 4575: 4565: 4540: 4536: 4511: 4504:Griffin 2002 4499: 4488:Philostratus 4483: 4472: 4467: 4456: 4415: 4404: 4375: 4369: 4357:. Retrieved 4353: 4344: 4332: 4305: 4295: 4287: 4256: 4240: 4194: 4178: 4165: 4139: 4133: 4121: 4111: 4108: 4088: 4084: 4074: 4059: 4054: 4043: 4035: 4024: 4016: 4005: 3997: 3986: 3978: 3967: 3959: 3948: 3940: 3928:. Retrieved 3924:the original 3914: 3903: 3895: 3885: 3869:, pp. 121–22 3862: 3850: 3830: 3823: 3812: 3796:, p. 2. 3789: 3773: 3757: 3745: 3720: 3716: 3705: 3689: 3684: 3668: 3663: 3651: 3638: 3630: 3618: 3588: 3580: 3553: 3541:. Retrieved 3537:the original 3532: 3522: 3506: 3490: 3467: 3460:Griffin 2002 3455: 3444: 3436: 3425: 3417: 3405: 3393: 3388:, p. x. 3381: 3374:Griffin 2002 3369: 3358: 3350: 3338: 3324: 3312: 3301: 3293: 3286:Griffin 2002 3281: 3269: 3257: 3232: 3228: 3218: 3189: 3173: 3161: 3149:. Retrieved 3140: 3131: 3123: 3114: 3102: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3035: 3028:Shotter 2012 3023: 3011: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2923: 2918: 2902: 2895:Griffin 2002 2890: 2883:Shotter 2012 2878: 2858: 2851: 2844:Shotter 2016 2839: 2827: 2820:Shotter 2016 2805:Shotter 2016 2800: 2773: 2766:Shotter 2016 2746: 2729: 2720: 2709: 2704: 2697:Shotter 2012 2684:, p. 4. 2677: 2672:, p. 3. 2655:, p. 5. 2648: 2641:Barrett 2010 2592: 2583: 2548: 2538: 2522: 2501:from 84 per 2493: 2484: 2474: 2461: 2442:Acta Arvalia 2436: 2426: 2382: 2378: 2368: 2362:wrote about 2357: 2345: 2319: 2305: 2288: 2273: 2255: 2241: 2231: 2223: 2205: 2175: 2135: 2116: 2110: 2098: 2094: 2084: 2082: 2061: 2044: 2033: 2023: 2017: 2005: 2002:Philostratus 2000: 1997:Philostratus 1988: 1978: 1958: 1947: 1937: 1930: 1916: 1914: 1896: 1868: 1852: 1833: 1826: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1789: 1760: 1757: 1722: 1690:Roman legion 1663:tribe and a 1654: 1579: 1564: 1553: 1533: 1522: 1519: 1502:Philostratus 1499: 1495: 1458: 1450:Pincian Hill 1438: 1421: 1402:Epaphroditus 1391: 1379: 1364: 1353: 1342: 1334: 1295: 1283: 1271: 1259:Epaphroditus 1236: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1179:Golden House 1171: 1160: 1150: 1119: 1108: 1104:Roman Senate 1091: 1085: 1062: 1046: 1036: 1024: 1014: 1004: 992: 982: 945: 927: 925: 921: 902:Claudia Acte 873: 869:Roman Senate 864: 854: 826: 813: 802: 779: 764: 737: 714: 702: 656: 634:Golden House 623: 609: 591:was briefly 558: 523: 469: 456: 421: 420: 376: 367: 352: 285: 133:Pincian Hill 25: 12295:Gordian III 12240:Diadumenian 12040:Cleopatra V 11894:(332–30 BC) 11889:Hellenistic 11832:Nectanebo I 11724:Cambyses II 11706:Psamtik III 11664:Tefnakht II 11466:Takelot III 11461:Osorkon III 11456:Shoshenq VI 11410:Pedubast II 11394:Shoshenq IV 11367:Shoshenq II 11332:Pinedjem II 11322:Menkheperre 11257:Psusennes I 11210:Ramesses XI 11200:Ramesses IX 11185:Ramesses VI 11175:Ramesses IV 11122:Ramesses II 11084:Tutankhamun 11059:Thutmose IV 11039:Thutmose II 11029:Amenhotep I 11001:New Kingdom 10936:New Kingdom 10795:Senusret IV 10779:Dedumose II 10754:Nebiriau II 10749:Nebiryraw I 10744:Mentuhotepi 10549:Khakherewre 10476:Merkheperre 10386:Imyremeshaw 10369:Sedjefakare 10324:Sehetepibre 10299:Ameny Qemau 10233:Sobekneferu 10213:Senusret II 10198:Amenemhat I 10180:Iyibkhentre 9910:Neferirkare 9905:Neferkauhor 9712:Shepseskare 9553:Old Kingdom 9539:Khasekhemwy 9519:Neferkara I 9488:Weneg-Nebty 9333:Scorpion II 8520:Horse races 8358:(1224–1242) 8352:(1204–1461) 8141:Konstantios 8018:Christopher 7991:Constantine 7981:Michael III 7962:Constantine 7945:Constantine 7927:Theophylact 7856:Philippicus 7806:Constans II 7731:Justinian I 7627:Severus III 7575:Constans II 7329:Claudius II 7305:Silbannacus 7252:Gordian III 7227:Maximinus I 7195:Diadumenian 6605:: 190–212. 6289:"Books 4–5" 6219:"Books 1–4" 6059:Just, S.J. 6002:(170): 65. 5979:27 December 5940:27 December 5190:Antiquities 5151:Antiquities 5126:; Tacitus, 5103:; Tacitus, 5096:; Tacitus, 5091:Antiquities 4827:14 December 4804:Cassius Dio 4763:City of God 4729:; Tacitus, 4725:Suetonius, 4712:Suetonius, 4420:Cassius Dio 4359:24 November 4245:Cassius Dio 4210:Cassius Dio 4126:Cassius Dio 3778:Cassius Dio 3543:24 February 3495:Cassius Dio 3398:Malitz 2005 3386:Malitz 2005 3107:Malitz 2005 3064:: 173–179. 3040:Malitz 2005 3016:Malitz 2005 2987:Malitz 2005 2831:Suetonius, 2793:Osgood 2011 2682:Malitz 2005 2670:Malitz 2005 2527:Cassius Dio 2503:Roman pound 1898:Cassius Dio 1893:Cassius Dio 1879:Cassius Dio 1812:(a type of 1681:Trinovantes 1665:client king 1481:Pseudo-Nero 1233:Later years 1218:Domus Aurea 843:Early reign 837:Cassius Dio 745:Britannicus 647:Nero reborn 610:in absentia 563:fought the 519:Britannicus 490:, who then 377:Followed by 368:Preceded by 204:Regnal name 101:Ahenobarbus 70:Predecessor 12708:Uxoricides 12648:Matricides 12572:Categories 12412:Diocletian 12366:Quintillus 12319:Aemilianus 12274:Gordian II 12246:Elagabalus 12067:Arsinoe IV 11950:Arsinoe II 11875:Darius III 11802:Psammuthes 11691:Psamtik II 11506:Bakenranef 11444:Pedubast I 11439:Takelot II 11434:Harsiese A 11416:Osorkon IV 11404:Shoshenq V 11384:Osorkon II 11357:Shoshenq I 11327:Smendes II 11307:Pinedjem I 11252:Amenemnisu 11205:Ramesses X 11180:Ramesses V 11132:Amenmesses 11112:Ramesses I 11074:Smenkhkare 11044:Hatshepsut 11034:Thutmose I 10784:Montuemsaf 10774:Dedumose I 10574:Nebdjefare 10564:Merdjefare 10334:Nedjemibre 10329:Sewadjkare 10203:Senusret I 10175:Qakare Ini 9996:Meryhathor 9900:Neferkaure 9895:Qakare Iby 9880:Neferkahor 9865:Neferkamin 9673:Thamphthis 9667:Shepseskaf 9581:Sekhemkhet 9432:Horus Bird 9309:Scorpion I 8779:Euryleonis 8709:Bilistiche 8694:Arsinoe II 8624:Pentathlon 8598:Pankration 8572:Tethrippon 8488:Foot races 8135:Andronikos 8123:Nikephoros 8072:Michael IV 8037:Romanos II 7957:Theophilos 7952:Michael II 7933:Staurakios 7917:Staurakios 7889:Nikephoros 7882:Artabasdos 7794:Heraclonas 7751:Theodosius 7709:Basiliscus 7469:Nepotianus 7462:Magnentius 7456:Constans I 7409:Severus II 7389:Diocletian 7334:Quintillus 7299:Aemilianus 7292:Volusianus 7237:Gordian II 7202:Elagabalus 7065:Principate 6173:(1737b) . 6151:(1737a) . 5958:Revelation 5901:9 November 5730:); in the 5722:); in the 5692:Eusebius, 5600:Chapter II 5591:Lactantius 5543:Tertullian 5493:Gittin 56a 5357:Plutarch, 5299:Josephus, 5068:11 January 4991:Josephus, 4975:Josephus, 4959:Josephus, 4943:Josephus, 2576:References 2545:Epiphanius 2513:hand-out, 2352:Lactantius 2330:Antichrist 2324:Antichrist 2312:apocryphal 2248:Lactantius 2244:Tertullian 2186:Bar Kokhba 2162:Ezekiel 25 2121:modern era 2101:procurator 1824:as well." 1683:tribe and 1670:procurator 1657:Prasutagus 1490:Apotheosis 1475:See also: 1471:After Nero 1237:In AD 65, 1126:Pythagoras 1122:Saturnalia 1049:Nile river 963:of AD 67. 942:Residences 756:Sebasteion 653:Early life 638:Christians 546:charioteer 502:, and his 294:Chronology 249:(adoptive) 214:Germanicus 168:Pythagoras 44:Glyptothek 12593:68 deaths 12588:37 births 12544:Ptolemaic 12352:Gallienus 12267:Gordian I 12230:Caracalla 12156:Vespasian 12150:Vitellius 11932:Ptolemaic 11774:Amyrtaeus 11756:Darius II 11701:Ahmose II 11681:Psamtik I 11620:uncertain 11608:Pharaohs 11544:Tanutamun 11379:Takelot I 11362:Osorkon I 11312:Masaharta 11262:Amenemope 11165:Setnakhte 11127:Merneptah 11069:Akhenaten 10986:uncertain 10868:Nebmaatre 10689:Sakir-Har 10642:Yaqub-Har 10554:Nebefawre 10304:Hotepibre 10170:Segerseni 10139:Intef III 10087:uncertain 10075:Pharaohs 9707:Neferefre 9533:Hudjefa I 9414:Semerkhet 9151:Hedju Hor 9113:uncertain 9101:Pharaohs 8749:Damarchus 8603:Wrestling 8537:Decapolon 8377:Classical 8362:Empresses 8346:(286–296) 8340:(267–273) 8334:(260–274) 8077:Michael V 8003:Alexander 7816:Heraclius 7784:Heraclius 7736:Justin II 7646:Glycerius 7633:Anthemius 7503:Procopius 7441:Martinian 7420:Maxentius 7349:Florianus 7322:Saloninus 7317:Gallienus 7286:Hostilian 7262:Philip II 7232:Gordian I 7180:Caracalla 7115:Vespasian 7110:Vitellius 6750:9 June 68 6619:0065-9711 6447:Routledge 6313:(1927) . 6287:(1912) . 6261:(1914) . 6239:(1924) . 6224:Histories 6217:(1925) . 6195:(1923) . 6024:163790686 5738:; and in 5630:Suetonius 5531:Suetonius 5420:Tacitus, 5404:Tacitus, 5393:Suetonius 5318:Pharsalia 5233:Discourse 5181:Tacitus, 5165:Tacitus, 5142:Tacitus, 5119:Tacitus, 5082:Tacitus, 4884:Suetonius 4789:Histories 4787:Tacitus, 4731:Histories 4697:Suetonius 4679:Histories 4644:Histories 4549:0004-3079 4473:Histories 4471:Tacitus, 4457:Histories 4455:Tacitus, 4439:Suetonius 4405:Histories 4403:Tacitus, 4337:Suetonius 4325:Suetonius 4310:Suetonius 4280:Suetonius 4114:, 12.83). 3930:3 October 3762:Suetonius 3511:Suetonius 3343:Suetonius 3241:0009-8353 3178:Suetonius 3094:163727450 3078:0075-4358 2963:0065-9711 2922:Tacitus, 2907:Suetonius 2751:Suetonius 2614:Suetonius 2539:Vespasian 2534:Suetonius 2454:Suetonius 2373:) of the 2237:Suetonius 2189:rebellion 2171:Vespasian 2142:Jerusalem 2111:In 1562, 2063:Suetonius 2052:Suetonius 1949:Epictetus 1944:Epictetus 1887:Agrippina 1875:Suetonius 1792:Vespasian 1733:Tiridates 1729:Vologeses 1615:of Nero, 1580:At least 1560:Vitellius 1515:nostalgia 1410:Neophytus 1383:gladiator 1187:Colosseum 1006:Histories 985:Suetonius 967:Matricide 881:Narcissus 833:Suetonius 760:Agrippina 733:Messalina 709:gladiator 705:Suetonius 615:civil war 526:diplomacy 80:Successor 12504:21 to 23 12422:Galerius 12417:Maximian 12406:Numerian 12373:Aurelian 12325:Valerian 12288:Balbinus 12281:Pupienus 12235:Macrinus 12207:Pertinax 12201:Commodus 12166:Domitian 12129:Claudius 12124:Caligula 12119:Tiberius 12114:Augustus 11734:Darius I 11686:Necho II 11529:Shebitku 11501:Tefnakht 11094:Horemheb 11024:Ahmose I 10836:Pantjeny 10822:Senebkay 10802:Pepi III 10764:Bebiankh 10621:Shenshek 10579:Nebsenre 10411:Sihathor 10381:Khendjer 10344:Renseneb 10289:Nerikare 10134:Intef II 10011:Merykare 9916:Wadjkare 9860:Merenhor 9755:Userkare 9662:Menkaure 9656:Bikheris 9645:Djedefre 9611:Qahedjet 9495:Wadjenes 9481:Horus Sa 9474:Nubnefer 9461:Nynetjer 9425:Sneferka 9165:Ni-Neith 9051:Pharaohs 9008:Category 8814:Leophron 8501:Dolichos 8372:Usurpers 8367:Augustae 8325:See also 8230:Nicholas 8052:Basil II 7849:Tiberius 7834:Leontius 7822:Tiberius 7799:Tiberius 7777:610–1453 7772:Eastern/ 7726:Justin I 7679:Arcadius 7639:Olybrius 7621:Majorian 7562:Honorius 7541:Eugenius 7476:Vetranio 7426:Licinius 7399:Galerius 7394:Maximian 7379:Dominate 7369:Numerian 7339:Aurelian 7312:Valerian 7257:Philip I 7247:Balbinus 7242:Pupienus 7190:Macrinus 7165:Pertinax 7160:Commodus 7125:Domitian 7090:Claudius 7085:Caligula 7080:Tiberius 7075:Augustus 6764:Claudius 6637:(1911). 6372:(2005). 6193:Plutarch 6171:Josephus 6149:Josephus 6069:Archived 5973:Archived 5934:Archived 5895:Archived 5878:Champlin 5863:Archived 5852:II.28–29 5850:Chronica 5799:II.28–29 5797:Chronica 5784:Archived 5700:Archived 5665:, p. 123 5663:Champlin 5637:Archived 5571:Archived 5553:Eusebius 5505:. 2004. 5479:tractate 5477:Talmud, 5378:Archived 5346:VII.8.46 5327:Archived 5254:Archived 5154:XIX.1.13 5040:10759486 4837:cite web 4770:Archived 4744:Archived 4659:Plutarch 4599:Champlin 4557:25067270 4518:, p. 29. 4516:Champlin 4354:ccel.org 4312:, 48–49. 4261:Plutarch 4229:Plutarch 4187:Archived 4128:, 62.28. 4105:25011039 4047:XV.60–62 3890:. XV.44. 3867:Champlin 3857:, p. 121 3855:Champlin 3750:Champlin 3658:, p. 182 3656:Champlin 3613:, p. 125 3611:Champlin 3575:, p. 122 3573:Champlin 3560:, p. 146 3558:Champlin 3145:Archived 2515:archived 2499:denarius 2402:See also 2358:In 422, 2301:Hispania 2297:Caesarea 2293:Eusebius 2146:Caesarea 2069:Rubria. 2035:Plutarch 2030:Plutarch 1972:Josephus 1961:Josephus 1955:Josephus 1906:Commodus 1883:Claudius 1829:Olympics 1802:Pursuits 1761:imperium 1753:Adiabene 1749:Tigranes 1745:Artaxata 1737:Armenian 1725:Parthian 1591:Domitian 1549:Caligula 1398:freedmen 1329:Palatine 1255:Republic 1223:tributes 1214:porticos 1163:Aventine 1130:freedman 1092:maiestas 1069:Palatine 989:Anicetus 798:Xenophon 786:Josephus 781:Claudius 771:Apameans 729:Claudius 679:Augustus 675:Caligula 663:Tiberius 484:Augustus 357:AD 54–68 345:AD 41–54 341:Claudius 333:AD 37–41 328:Caligula 319:AD 14–37 314:Tiberius 301:Augustus 247:Claudius 212:Augustus 99:Domitius 74:Claudius 12399:Carinus 12380:Tacitus 12338:Quietus 12181:Hadrian 11865:Khabash 11696:Wahibre 11676:Necho I 11670:Nekauba 11658:Ammeris 11601:Dynasty 11539:Taharqa 11534:Shabaka 11471:Rudamun 11450:Iuput I 11295:Herihor 11247:Smendes 11147:Twosret 11137:Seti II 10981:female) 10966:Dynasty 10862:Rahotep 10759:Semenre 10729:Djehuti 10711:Khamudi 10700:Yanassi 10683:Salitis 10635:Yakareb 10628:Khamure 10559:Sehebre 10481:Merkare 10129:Intef I 10068:Dynasty 9977:Imhotep 9937:Iytjenu 9923:Khuiqer 9835:Menkare 9786:Neferka 9770:Pepi II 9692:Userkaf 9586:Sanakht 9409:Anedjib 9389:Hor-Aha 9322:Iry-Hor 9316:Shendjw 9288:Pen-Abu 9172:Hat-Hor 9094:Dynasty 8637:Winners 8612:Special 8562:Synoris 8511:Stadion 8496:Diaulos 8440:General 8382:Eastern 8282:Matthew 8176:Alexios 8024:Stephen 7986:Basil I 7871:Leo III 7746:Maurice 7689:Marcian 7672:395–610 7596:Joannes 7555:395–480 7509:Gratian 7382:284–610 7364:Carinus 7344:Tacitus 7220:235–285 7140:Hadrian 6797:ignotus 6647:(ed.). 6016:1355990 5880:, p. 20 5744:archive 5736:archive 5728:archive 5720:archive 5714:In the 5697:II.25.5 5563:II.25.4 5464:Ezekiel 5422:History 5359:Moralia 5170:XIII.20 5147:XIII.20 5124:XIII.20 5108:XIII.20 4996:VII.1.1 4980:VI.10.1 4964:III.1.3 4948:II.13.7 4767:XX.19.3 4675:Tacitus 4663:Galba 9 4640:Tacitus 4265:Galba 8 4233:Galba 5 4040:Tacitus 4021:Tacitus 4002:Tacitus 3983:Tacitus 3964:Tacitus 3945:Tacitus 3900:Tacitus 3882:Tacitus 3809:Tacitus 3752:, p. 77 3640:Tacitus 3635:Tacitus 3585:Tacitus 3472:Tacitus 3441:Tacitus 3422:Tacitus 3355:Tacitus 3345:, 31.1. 3298:Tacitus 3249:3296108 2971:2935958 2949:: 629. 2725:Tacitus 2389:in the 2276:Clement 2264:Acts 18 2233:Tacitus 2197:Bruriah 2193:Tannaim 2182:Mishnah 2138:Aggadah 2089:Tacitus 2073:Tacitus 1991:Lucanus 1871:Tacitus 1809:cithara 1770:Mithras 1735:on the 1677:Boudica 1418:suicide 1371:Parthia 1335:At the 1199:Flavian 1083:, etc. 1043:Decline 1029:Octavia 997:Tacitus 889:lictors 885:obverse 829:Tacitus 794:Halotus 790:Locusta 775:Bologna 626:Tacitus 593:annexed 585:Boudica 581:Britain 561:Corbulo 534:culture 492:adopted 455:; born 224:Dynasty 141:Spouses 97:Lucius 12539:Argead 12386:Probus 12306:Decius 12301:Philip 12176:Trajan 11904:Argead 11813:Muthis 11766:XXVIII 11746:Xerxes 11614:female 11592:Period 11301:Piankh 11272:Siamun 11142:Siptah 11117:Seti I 10957:Period 10909:Kamose 10843:Snaaib 10813:Abydos 10669:Semqen 10662:Sharek 10614:Sheneh 10594:'Apepi 10589:Bebnum 10544:Nehesy 10364:Sebkay 10284:Sonbef 10081:female 10059:Period 9870:Nikare 9760:Pepi I 9697:Sahure 9650:Khafre 9635:Snefru 9604:Sedjes 9576:Djoser 9502:Senedj 9380:Narmer 9339:Narmer 9221:Wazner 9186:Hsekiu 9158:Ny-Hor 9107:female 9085:Period 8593:Boxing 8586:Combat 8480:Sports 8144:& 8120:& 8027:& 7998:Leo VI 7974:Thekla 7930:& 7897:Leo IV 7819:& 7758:Phocas 7714:Marcus 7699:Leo II 7615:Avitus 7532:Victor 7497:Valens 7487:Jovian 7482:Julian 7354:Probus 7289:& 7269:Decius 7217:Crisis 7135:Trajan 6775:54–68 6746: 6722:online 6710:online 6698:.co.uk 6678:online 6627:283618 6625: 6617: 6584: 6565: 6544: 6519: 6500: 6475: 6453: 6428: 6407: 6384: 6359: 6341:"Nero" 6246:Annals 6075:18 May 6046: 6022: 6014: 5965: 5926: 5517: 5447: 5406:Annals 5304:XX.8.3 5215: 5193:XX.8.3 5183:Annals 5167:Annals 5144:Annals 5128:Annals 5121:Annals 5105:Annals 5094:XX.8.3 5084:Annals 5038: 5028: 4619:(32). 4578:(42). 4555: 4547: 4382: 4154: 4103: 4066: 4044:Annals 4025:Annals 4006:Annals 3987:Annals 3968:Annals 3949:Annals 3904:Annals 3887:Annals 3838: 3813:Annals 3737:989644 3735: 3696: 3675: 3589:Annals 3499:13, 28 3448:XIV.64 3445:Annals 3429:XIV.60 3426:Annals 3362:XIV.48 3359:Annals 3306:XIV.13 3302:Annals 3247: 3239: 3151:2 July 3092: 3086:295862 3084: 3076: 2969: 2961: 2925:Annals 2866: 2730:Annals 2714:229.58 2559:Jerome 2507:aureus 2340:, and 2290:Bishop 2201:Gemara 2150:Talmud 2085:Annals 2046:Seneca 1877:, and 1774:Apollo 1766:diadem 1613:Aureus 1571:legend 1569:. The 1510:Hellas 1414:Sporus 1412:, and 1366:Aeneid 1361:Virgil 1286:Sporus 1267:Seneca 1157:(1785) 1088:Burrus 1037:Annals 1025:Annals 1016:Annals 932:Trajan 913:Seneca 857:Seneca 601:Vindex 587:. The 577:revolt 532:, and 472:Antium 257:Mother 235:Father 163:Sporus 135:, Rome 127:Burial 106:Antium 48:Munich 12392:Carus 12171:Nerva 12161:Titus 12139:Galba 12106:XXXIV 12091:Roman 11870:Arses 11797:Hakor 11716:XXVII 11426:XXIII 11016:XVIII 10976:(male 10706:Apepi 10694:Khyan 10607:Wazad 10375:Wegaf 10309:Iufni 10163:Nubia 9971:Setut 9793:Nefer 9640:Khufu 9598:Khaba 9592:Nebka 9456:Nebra 9384:Menes 9343:Menes 9295:Stork 9258:Upper 9214:Neheb 9207:Thesh 9193:Khayu 9142:Lower 8557:Polos 8547:Keles 8542:Kalpe 8527:Apene 7940:Leo V 7907:Irene 7694:Leo I 7359:Carus 7130:Nerva 7120:Titus 7100:Galba 7052:Roman 6933:with 6871:with 6868:57–58 6847:, and 6818:with 6781:Galba 6748:Died: 6741:Born: 6730:Nero 6643:. 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