959:, daughter of Livilla and Drusus the Younger. Sejanus' family connection to the Imperial house was now imminent, and in AD 31 Sejanus held the Consulship with the emperor as his colleague, an honour Tiberius reserved only for heirs to the throne. When he was summoned to a meeting of the Senate later that year on 18 October AD 31, he probably expected to receive a share of the tribunician power. Instead, however, Tiberius' letter to the Senate, completely unexpectedly, requested the destruction of Sejanus and his faction. A purge followed, in which Sejanus and his most prominent supporters were killed. With Drusus dead and having had Germanicus' elder two sons
1608:
1580:
723:), the younger brother of Germanicus, was a Claudian on the side of his father, Nero Claudius Drusus, younger brother of Tiberius. However, he was also related to the Julian branch of the Imperial family through his mother, Antonia Minor. As a son of Antonia, Claudius was a great-nephew of Augustus. Moreover, he was also Augustus' step-grandson due to the fact that his father was a stepson of Augustus. Unlike Tiberius and Germanicus, both of whom were born as Claudians and became adopted Julians, Claudius was not adopted into the Julian family. Upon becoming emperor, however, he added the Julian-affiliated
770:
1564:
128:
60:
6672:
5719:
1847:
336:
1327:. The Senate had been trying to preserve the dynastic bloodline by saving Nero's life, and were additionally reluctant to let someone who was not of the family become emperor; however, once he had committed suicide, and with Galba marching on the city, it had no choice but to declare him a public enemy posthumously. With his death, the reign of the Julio-Claudian dynasty came to an end. Chaos then ensued in the
571:; in classical Latin, they came second. Roman family names were inherited from father to son, but a Roman aristocrat could—either during his life or in his will—adopt an heir if he lacked a natural son. In accordance with Roman naming conventions, the adopted son would replace his original family name with the name of his adopted family. A famous example of this custom is
928:, as did the Roman populace. On Tiberius' request, Germanicus was granted proconsular power and assumed command in the prime military zone of Germania, where he suppressed the mutiny there and led the formerly restless legions on campaigns against Germanic tribes from AD 14 to 16. Germanicus died in Syria in AD 19 and, on his deathbed, accused the governor of Syria,
1169:. Claudius died on 13 October AD 54, and Nero became emperor. A number of ancient historians accuse Agrippina of poisoning Claudius, but details on these private events vary widely. These events are recounted in book 12 of the Annals of Tacitus, book 61 of Cassius Dio's Roman History, and in the biographies of Nero and Claudius by Suetonius.
903:(around AD 6 or 7) where he was later executed, and Tiberius was recalled to Rome and officially adopted by Augustus. By Augustus' request, Tiberius adopted his nephew Germanicus, son of his late brother Drusus and biological great-nephew of Augustus through his mother. Germanicus subsequently married Augustus' granddaughter Agrippina.
1224:. In AD 55, Nero began taking on a more active role as an administrator. He was consul four times between AD 55 and 60. Nero consolidated power over time through the execution and banishment of his rivals and slowly usurped authority from the Senate. He reportedly arranged the death of his own mother and after divorcing his wife
651:, known in historiography as the "Julio-Claudian dynasty". For various reasons, the Julio-Claudians followed in the example of Julius Caesar and Augustus by utilizing adoption as a tool for dynastic succession. The next four emperors were closely related through a combination of blood relation, marriage and adoption.
707:, was a granddaughter of Augustus. Through Agrippina, Germanicus' children—including Caligula—were Augustus' great-grandchildren. When Augustus adopted Tiberius, the latter was required to adopt his brother's eldest son as well, thus allowing Germanicus' side of the Imperial family to inherit the Julius
939:
Sejanus created an atmosphere of fear in Rome, controlling a network of informers and spies whose incentive to accuse others of treason was a share in the accused's property after their conviction and death. Treason trials became commonplace; few members of the Roman aristocracy were safe. The trials
1183:
Nero became emperor in AD 54 at sixteen, the youngest emperor yet. Like his maternal uncle
Caligula before him, Nero was also a direct descendant of Augustus, a fact which made his ascension to the throne much easier and smoother than it had been for Tiberius or Claudius. Ancient historians describe
1000:
Although
Augustus' succession plans were all but ruined due to the deaths of more than several family members, including many of his own descendants, in the end, Tiberius remained faithful to his predecessor's wishes that the next emperor would hail from the Julian side of the Imperial family. Thus,
1102:
in AD 43. He took a personal interest in the law, presided at public trials, and issued up to twenty edicts a day; however, he was seen as vulnerable throughout his rule, particularly by the nobility. Claudius was constantly forced to shore up his position—resulting in the deaths of many senators.
985:
smothered
Tiberius with a pillow to hasten Caligula's accession. According to Suetonius, he was known for his cruelty and debauchery through his perversion on the island of Capri where he forced young boys and girls into orgies. On one account when one of the boys complained, Tiberius had his legs
632:
and initially renamed himself "Gaius Julius Caesar" after his adoptive father. It was also customary for the adopted son to acknowledge his original family by adding an extra name at the end of his new name. As such, Augustus' adopted name would have been "Gaius Julius Caesar
Octavianus". However,
752:
Ahenobarbi on his father's side. Nero became a
Claudian in name as a result of Agrippina's marriage to her uncle, Claudius, who ultimately adopted her son as his own. He succeeded Claudius in AD 54, becoming the last direct descendant of Augustus to rule the Roman Empire. Within a year of Nero's
882:, daughter of Agrippa by his first marriage, and marry his stepsister, the twice-widowed Julia. Drusus, the brother of Tiberius, died in 9 BC after falling from a horse. Tiberius shared in Augustus' tribune powers, but shortly thereafter, in 6 BC, he went into voluntary exile in
1024:
as joint heirs. Caligula ordered
Gemellus killed within his first year in power. Backed by Naevius Sutorius Macro, Caligula asserted himself as sole princeps, though he later had Macro disposed of as well.. Following Gemellus' death, Caligula marked his brother-in-law,
1119:) and is referenced by Suetonius as being easily manipulated. This is particularly evident during his marriage to Agrippina the Younger, his niece. Messalina saw several members of the dynasty eliminated, notably arranging for the executions of Claudius' nieces
612:(grandson of the emperor Tiberius) shortly before executing him. Claudius adopted his great-nephew and stepson Nero, who, lacking a natural or adopted son of his own, ended the reign of the Julio-Claudian dynasty with his fall from power and subsequent suicide.
748:. The younger Agrippina was a daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder, as well as Caligula's sister. Through his mother, Nero was related by blood to the Julian and Claudian branches of the Imperial family. However, he was born into the
1641:
Claudius was the great-nephew of
Augustus, as well as the nephew of Tiberius (and the only Julio-Claudian who was not adopted); his mother Antonia was the daughter of Augustus' sister Octavia, and his father Drusus was the brother of
932:, of murdering him at Tiberius's orders. With Germanicus dead, Tiberius began elevating his own son Drusus to replace him as the Imperial successor. By this time Tiberius had left more of the day-to-day running of the Empire to
866:
Gaius and Lucius, the first two children of Julia and
Agrippa, were adopted by Augustus and became heirs to the throne; however, Augustus also showed great favour toward his wife Livia's two children from her first marriage:
1097:
Despite his lack of political experience, and the disapproval of the people of Rome, Claudius proved to be an able administrator and a great builder of public works. His reign saw an expansion of the empire, including the
898:
being executed for conspiracy, Augustus was forced to recognize
Tiberius as the next Roman emperor. Augustus banished his grandson Postumus Agrippa, who was adopted after the death of his brothers, to the small island of
940:
played up to
Tiberius' growing paranoia, which made him more reliant on Sejanus, as well as allowing Sejanus to eliminate potential rivals. Victims of this reign of terror related to the imperial family included
1916:
2528:
1001:
Tiberius was succeeded by Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, the sole-remaining son of his nephew and adopted son Germanicus. The new emperor was a great grandson of Augustus through his mother
597:
ultimately became a tool that most Julio-Claudian emperors utilized in order to promote their chosen heir to the front of the succession. Augustus—himself an adopted son of his great-uncle, the
1785:
as a dangerous world where scheming family members were all too ready to murder the direct heirs so as to bring themselves, their own immediate families, or their lovers closer to the succession.
1507:
920:
Despite his difficult relationship with the Senate, Tiberius' first years were generally good. He stayed true to Augustus's plans for the succession and favoured his adopted son and nephew
886:. After the early deaths of both Lucius (AD 2) and Gaius (AD 4) and the exile of both Julia the Elder and Younger for adultery, a turn of events which saw the elder Julia's half brother
1068:
and his men stopped Caligula alone in an underground passage leading to a theater. They stabbed him to death. Together with another tribune, Cornelius Sabinus, he killed Caligula's wife
955:, Germanicus' sister and the widow of Tiberius' son Drusus the Younger, who had since died, in AD 25, but later had withdrawn his objections so that, in AD 30, Sejanus was betrothed to
2554:
1313:), to become emperor. Virginius Rufus defeated Vindex's forces and Vindex committed suicide. Galba was declared a public enemy and his legion was confined in the city of Clunia.
1779:
The fact that ordinary father-son (or grandfather-grandson) succession did not occur has contributed to the image of the Julio-Claudian court presented in Robert Graves's
1645:
Nero was the great-nephew and adopted son of Claudius; his mother Agrippina, in addition to being married to Claudius, was the daughter of Claudius' brother Germanicus.
978:
Rome's second Emperor died at the port town of Misenum on 16 March AD 37, at the age of 78 years, having reigned for 23 years. Suetonius writes that the Prefect of the
5320:
1463:
1883:
There is some variation in usage; in strictly chronological contexts, it can be useful to distinguish between the long reign of Augustus and his Julio-Claudian (or
1152:
2177:(in Latin). Translated by John Carew Rolfe, Introduction by K. R. Bradley (Revised, with new introduction ed.). Cambridge, Massaschsetts. pp. 494–497.
1913:
1800:
1776:, son of Claudius, respectively) available for the succession, both were, in turn, ultimately succeeded by their great-nephews Caligula and Nero, respectively.
1638:
Caligula was the great-nephew and adoptive grandson (via the adoption of his father Germanicus) of Tiberius; his father was the son of Tiberius' brother Drusus.
917:
On 19 August AD 14, Augustus died. Tiberius had already been established as Princeps in all but name, and his position as heir was confirmed in Augustus' will.
585:
is notably absent in the history of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Augustus, Caligula and Nero failed to father biological and legitimate sons. Tiberius' own son,
3232:
1052:
Several unsuccessful assassination attempts were made on Caligula's life. The successful conspiracy that ended Caligula's life was hatched by the disgruntled
1228:, daughter of Claudius' and Messalina, he had her killed. Other relatives whom Nero was believed to have had killed were Claudius' daughter by Aelia Paetina,
6340:
2525:
1020:
When Tiberius died on 16 March AD 37, Caligula was well-positioned to assume power, despite the obstacle of Tiberius's will, which named him and his cousin
1483:
1514:
Claudius Cassius Aggripinus, Claudia Maeciana Alexandra, Claudia Vettia Agrippina, and Claudia Dryantilla Platonis, one of the women who took part in the
1487:
1144:
2107:
6739:
6734:
2860:
1491:
1479:
836:
1439:
6525:
1631:
The great-uncle/great-nephew blood relationship and/or adopted son relationship was commonly found among the rulers of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
1475:
1380:
1255:. Nero enacted a public relief effort as well as large reconstruction projects. To fund this, the provinces were heavily taxed following the fire.
687:) was born into the Julian and Claudian branches of the Imperial family, thereby making him the first actual "Julio-Claudian" emperor. His father,
473:
1158:
Claudius' reign also included several attempts on his life. In order to gain political support, he married Agrippina and adopted his great-nephew
5950:
1443:
2206:
1026:
3119:
2551:
3661:
1649:
The other recurring relationship between emperor and successor is that of stepfather/stepson, a relationship not by blood but by marriage:
2231:
6709:
3703:
3691:
2726:
1360:
1217:
703:
respectively. Germanicus was also a great-nephew of Augustus on his mother's side and nephew of Tiberius on his father's side. His wife,
1996:
1196:, especially in the first year. In the first year of his reign, Nero had left all of the day-to-day running of the Empire to his mother
3750:
1635:
Augustus was the great-nephew and posthumously adopted son of Julius Caesar; his mother Atia was the daughter of Caesar's sister Julia.
843:, previously married to Augustus' niece, the sister of Marcellus. This marriage produced five children, three sons and two daughters:
2316:
1424:
1320:, who desired to become emperor himself, bribed the Praetorian Guard to betray Nero. Sabinus was later murdered in favour of Galba.
671:
in the process. Tiberius' connection to the Julian side of the Imperial family grew closer when he married Augustus' only daughter,
6714:
3666:
2260:
1768:
No Julio-Claudian emperor was a blood descendant of his immediate predecessor. Although Tiberius and Claudius had potential heirs (
5594:
5350:
5202:
5076:
5038:
3676:
1669:
1046:
887:
5099:
4983:
3671:
3405:
2853:
1662:
1506:
assassinated him in favour of Marcus Aurelius. Cassius' daughter, Avidia, is known to have had four children with her husband,
1042:
967:
convicted of treason and killed, along with their mother Agrippina, Tiberius appointed Caligula, Germanicus' youngest son, and
668:
2286:
5609:
4953:
3778:
3305:
2661:
2079:
2054:
1990:
1963:
1914:
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/history/stele-names-roman-emperor-octavian-augustus-as-egyptian-pharaoh-1937308.html
1396:
1073:
2667:
2632:
5637:
5043:
4918:
4071:
2374:
Continuité gentilice et continuité familiale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l'époque impériale: mythe et réalité
1356:
1267:
929:
466:
6561:
6492:
6391:
5136:
3624:
2799:
1447:
1259:
839:. Marcellus, however, died of food poisoning in 23 BC. Augustus then married his widowed daughter to his loyal friend,
6356:
5977:
5758:
3295:
2406:
2381:
2155:
1352:
1274:, Caligula's second wife. The conspiracy failed and its members were executed. Vacancies after the conspiracy allowed
1205:
895:
6704:
5439:
4963:
3723:
3290:
3285:
3261:
3112:
2892:
2846:
2707:
2182:
1552:
255:
1204:, who he had killed. Agrippina was believed to have poisoned Claudius, having allegedly poisoned her second husband
1033:, as his heir. However, after Drusilla's death, Lepidus was accused of having affairs with Caligula's other sisters
6650:
4978:
3651:
3300:
3227:
1237:
1220:, a grandson of Julia the Younger, to strengthen Nero's claim, having previously arranged the death of his brother
1136:
2541:
6699:
6656:
6361:
3244:
3177:
2599:
1859:
1416:
1400:
1324:
1221:
459:
6620:
6535:
5955:
5604:
5126:
3998:
3923:
3681:
2139:
1713:
The following bullet points illustrate the lineage of Julio-Claudian emperors (adoptions included; emperors in
1408:
941:
629:
17:
1316:
Nero had regained the control of the empire militarily, but this opportunity was used by his enemies in Rome.
1240:, brother of Marcus and Lucius Junius Silanus Torquantus, as well as Marcus' son, also named Lucius, his aunt
6729:
6625:
5260:
4494:
3072:
2096:
1233:
1148:
675:. He ultimately succeeded Augustus as emperor in AD 14 after becoming his stepfather's adopted son and heir.
604:—adopted his stepson Tiberius as his son and heir. Tiberius was, in turn, required to adopt his nephew
1270:, a governor of Syria who committed suicide after being accused of killing Germanicus, and first husband of
6442:
5918:
5395:
4334:
3938:
3390:
3105:
1372:
112:
1301:, the governor of superior Germany, was sent to put down the rebellion. To gain support, Vindex called on
1258:
By AD 65, senators complained that they had no power left and this led to the Pisonian conspiracy, led by
6615:
6209:
6199:
5999:
5693:
5445:
5388:
5275:
5069:
5033:
4958:
4717:
3773:
3656:
3202:
2914:
1128:
6432:
6184:
6089:
5989:
5599:
5568:
5552:
5280:
4993:
4657:
4549:
4319:
4091:
3913:
3821:
3686:
3629:
3060:
2956:
1841:
1602:
1340:
1213:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1795:
6403:
6308:
6189:
5629:
5542:
5481:
5144:
5013:
4106:
4061:
3988:
3908:
3856:
3846:
3798:
3145:
2962:
2944:
1328:
1099:
758:
445:
199:
1690:
Caligula was Nero's maternal uncle, being the older brother of Agrippina the Younger, Nero's mother.
6610:
6520:
6298:
6283:
6204:
6140:
5884:
5877:
5547:
5476:
5172:
4614:
4524:
4033:
4013:
4008:
3993:
3946:
3886:
3841:
3643:
2986:
1687:
Claudius was Caligula's paternal uncle, being the younger brother of Germanicus, Caligula's father.
1467:
1241:
1005:
thus making him a Julian but he was also a Claudian through his father Germanicus being the son of
945:
840:
594:
568:
6632:
2138:. Translated by Schneider, Deborah Lucas; Most, Glenn W.; Psoinos, Paul (1st ed.). Berkeley:
1607:
1103:
Claudius also suffered tragic setbacks in his personal life. He married four times (to, in order,
6719:
6581:
6333:
6313:
6293:
6221:
6109:
6045:
5023:
5003:
4943:
4933:
4923:
4329:
4018:
3918:
3898:
3813:
3803:
3508:
3448:
3428:
3140:
1532:
1502:
of the empire. Cassius' rebellion ended three months into his bid for the throne when one of his
1420:
1384:
1263:
341:
2223:
6303:
5777:
5751:
5724:
5408:
5374:
5337:
5062:
5028:
5018:
4968:
4948:
4762:
4737:
4702:
4584:
4309:
3956:
3718:
3249:
3078:
2882:
1551:. Together Laenas and Bassa had at least one child, a surmised son, who was the grandfather of
1347:. Augustus' bloodline outlived his dynasty through the descendants of his first granddaughter,
1298:
1279:
1193:
1165:
With his adoption on 25 February AD 50, Nero became heir to the throne, over Claudius' own son
982:
2723:
875:. They were successful military leaders who had fought against the barbarian Germanic tribes.
6586:
6035:
6030:
5237:
5187:
5114:
4998:
4928:
4752:
4504:
4304:
4299:
4096:
4003:
3928:
3891:
3876:
3851:
3831:
3733:
3036:
3030:
1980:
1673:
1548:
1494:. In AD 175 Cassius was proclaimed emperor after he received erroneous news of the death of
1459:
1455:
1197:
1185:
1140:
1132:
1116:
1034:
774:
745:
64:
1684:
Tiberius was Claudius's paternal uncle, being the older brother of Drusus, Claudius' father.
769:
6556:
6480:
6194:
6094:
5982:
5698:
5227:
5207:
5119:
5008:
4973:
4662:
4529:
4429:
4354:
4219:
4182:
3558:
3222:
3054:
2928:
2924:
1705:
Nero, in addition to being Claudius' great-nephew, stepson and adopted son, was married to
1694:
There were several instances of Emperors being father-in-law and son-in-law to each other:
1658:
1064:
claims their motivations were mostly personal. On 24 January AD 41, the Praetorian tribune
951:
Tiberius, perhaps sensitive to this ambition, rejected Sejanus's initial proposal to marry
925:
872:
814:
810:
708:
692:
586:
217:
4652:
2748:
2376:. Unit for Prosopographical Research, Linacre College, University of Oxford. p. 596.
2308:
2020:
1794:
1579:
8:
6415:
6171:
6130:
5265:
5250:
5192:
5182:
5177:
4938:
4787:
4589:
4459:
4409:
3728:
3325:
1104:
1094:, Caligula's paternal uncle, became emperor by the instigation of the Praetorian Guards.
1002:
856:
802:
704:
270:
2252:
6642:
5889:
5859:
5502:
5245:
5217:
5197:
5167:
5162:
4988:
4712:
4519:
4374:
4314:
4234:
4177:
4041:
3277:
3256:
3042:
2591:
2548:
2535:
2200:
1412:
1317:
1290:
1275:
1252:
1189:
960:
879:
4627:
1945:
1427:. Faustina and both of her children, Titus Fundanius Vitrasius Pollio (d. AD 182) and
1282:, who claimed to be an illegitimate son of Caligula, to rise in the Praetorian Guard.
971:, the son of Drusus the Younger and grandson of Tiberius, co-heirs. Drusus III's wife
6677:
6409:
6262:
6257:
6145:
6125:
6079:
6074:
6067:
6015:
5943:
5744:
5647:
5497:
5356:
5302:
5292:
5104:
4622:
4474:
4229:
4189:
4167:
3375:
2998:
2741:
Lecture and notes from CLCV 1003A (Classical Roman Civilization); Carleton University
2703:
2657:
2402:
2377:
2188:
2178:
2151:
2075:
2050:
1986:
1959:
1769:
1536:
1428:
1348:
1310:
1306:
1245:
1112:
1021:
968:
852:
609:
283:
260:
2122:
Since cruel fate has snatched from me my sons ... be Tiberius Caesar my heir to 2/3.
1672:, became the stepson of his great-uncle Claudius when the emperor married his niece
593:, although he opted to promote his adopted son Nero as his successor to the throne.
521:, from its formation (under Augustus, in 27 BC) until the last of the line, Emperor
6724:
6474:
6179:
6040:
6025:
5913:
5872:
5850:
5839:
5803:
5642:
5432:
5297:
5255:
5222:
4687:
4647:
4579:
4514:
4439:
4434:
4206:
4129:
4076:
3871:
3866:
3755:
3614:
3563:
3523:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3473:
3395:
3342:
3335:
3320:
3315:
3239:
3167:
3066:
3012:
2980:
2769:
2656:. Roman Imperial Biographies. London and New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
2583:
2521:
2282:
2143:
1951:
1616:
1404:
1069:
1053:
1010:
979:
860:
188:
184:
1887:) successors, the four of whom together reigned about as long as Augustus himself.
6458:
6104:
6084:
6062:
5938:
5703:
5461:
5307:
5270:
4782:
4594:
4574:
4534:
4469:
4419:
4414:
4289:
4239:
4147:
3981:
3961:
3881:
3330:
3155:
2992:
2968:
2950:
2830:
2803:
2730:
2651:
2626:
2558:
2545:
2532:
1955:
1920:
1706:
1699:
1698:
Tiberius, in addition to being Augustus' stepson and adopted son, was married to
1516:
1495:
1471:
1451:
1388:
1344:
1271:
1229:
1225:
1127:, daughter of Livilla and Drusus the Younger, as well as Julia Livilla's husband
1090:
After Caligula's death, the Senate attempted and failed to restore the Republic.
1065:
891:
832:
778:
754:
672:
106:
59:
2838:
1563:
1060:
claims that the conspirators wished to restore the Republic while the historian
878:
Agrippa died in 12 BC, and Tiberius was ordered by Augustus to divorce his wife
663:), a Claudian by birth, became Augustus' stepson after the latter's marriage to
127:
6551:
6366:
6234:
6166:
6135:
6020:
5902:
5810:
5662:
5522:
5471:
5425:
5287:
4837:
4479:
4214:
4162:
4134:
4081:
4066:
4046:
3861:
3836:
3793:
3783:
3609:
3583:
3513:
3498:
3463:
3423:
3184:
2815:
2647:
2421:
2045:
Cadoux, Theodore John; Seager, Robin J. (2012). "Iulia (3) (RE 'Iulius' 550)".
1654:
1570:
1540:
1209:
1139:, son of Tiberius' first wife Vipsania by her second husband and whose brother
1030:
972:
728:
598:
541:
537:
436:
265:
211:
95:
36:
6288:
2796:
608:, the father of Caligula and brother of Claudius. Caligula adopted his cousin
6693:
6637:
6468:
6397:
5908:
5867:
5832:
5085:
4369:
4339:
4254:
3788:
3765:
3578:
3433:
3418:
3365:
3172:
3006:
2869:
1612:
1586:
1499:
1364:
1120:
1108:
1038:
964:
848:
700:
696:
637:
601:
582:
572:
491:
289:
192:
176:
6591:
2192:
1155:. Messalina herself was finally executed after being charged with adultery.
831:
Lacking any male child and heir, Augustus married his only child—a daughter—
6464:
6057:
6052:
5994:
5930:
5896:
5507:
4847:
4707:
4152:
4101:
4056:
4051:
3903:
3713:
3599:
3543:
3538:
3310:
3194:
3128:
2887:
1511:
1368:
944:, second husband of Tiberius' first wife Vipsania, who had since died, and
844:
749:
641:
625:
563:
545:
518:
239:
131:
101:
48:
2147:
6267:
6249:
6099:
5825:
5683:
5466:
5402:
5154:
5109:
4642:
4264:
4086:
3976:
3370:
2777:
2172:
1781:
1773:
1528:
1524:
1201:
1166:
1124:
956:
590:
540:
term, deriving from the two families composing the imperial dynasty: the
295:
276:
1912:
Stele names Roman Emperor Octavian Augustus as Egyptian Pharaoh. Link -
6530:
6239:
6229:
5678:
5512:
5344:
4867:
4807:
4772:
4564:
4499:
4489:
4384:
4269:
4157:
3740:
3708:
3453:
3380:
3212:
3207:
2909:
2538:
1864:
1627:
Kujula Kadphises seated right, raising hand; tripartite symbol to left.
1438:
In addition to Cassia Longina, Junia Lepida gave birth to a son called
921:
798:
744:) was a great-great-grandson of Augustus and Livia through his mother,
688:
605:
557:
232:
3097:
2595:
2571:
2070:
Spawforth, Antony; Balsdon, John P. (2012). "Vipsania Agrippina (2)".
1399:, Domitia Longina may have been the mother or maternal grandmother of
1248:, son of Julia Livia along with his wife, children and father-in-law.
6161:
5818:
5688:
5652:
5573:
4897:
4892:
4852:
4777:
4747:
4727:
4604:
4544:
4454:
4404:
4399:
4324:
4284:
4172:
4142:
3951:
3826:
3619:
3503:
3478:
3357:
3024:
1503:
1376:
1061:
205:
1539:, executed by Nero in AD 62, Julia had a daughter or step-daughter,
1041:
and he was executed. He had previously had Drusilla's first husband
975:
was later forced to commit suicide after being accused of adultery.
6486:
5797:
5767:
5578:
5537:
5381:
5212:
4857:
4842:
4832:
4817:
4732:
4722:
4692:
4682:
4677:
4667:
4569:
4484:
4364:
4349:
4279:
4259:
4249:
4244:
4224:
4023:
3604:
3568:
3458:
3385:
3217:
2919:
2587:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1432:
1392:
1216:. She saw that the dynasty's numbers dwindle with the execution of
1091:
1085:
1057:
1014:
995:
912:
868:
826:
806:
790:
782:
724:
715:
679:
655:
616:
576:
507:
503:
499:
495:
405:
392:
378:
365:
156:
76:
72:
68:
753:
suicide in AD 68, the Julio-Claudian dynasty was succeeded by the
335:
4877:
4872:
4862:
4827:
4822:
4812:
4757:
4742:
4559:
4554:
4539:
4509:
4464:
4444:
4424:
4379:
4111:
3966:
3745:
3553:
3548:
3438:
1474:. Avidius Cassius had three children with his wife (named either
1383:
and produced a daughter called Cassia Longina. The Roman general
952:
933:
900:
648:
526:
180:
51:
5054:
1846:
1411:, consul in AD 145, as well as a daughter, Fundania, married to
1013:. More commonly remembered in history by his childhood nickname
4887:
4767:
4697:
4637:
4632:
4599:
4359:
4344:
4294:
4274:
3696:
3573:
3468:
1653:
Tiberius was Augustus' stepson due to the latter's marriage to
1387:
married Cassia, who provided him with two daughters, including
1286:
883:
1793:
1323:
Nero reportedly committed suicide with the help of his scribe
1184:
Nero's early reign as being strongly influenced by his mother
6437:
4672:
4394:
4121:
3413:
2737:
Agrippina : sex, power, and politics in the early Empire
1544:
1302:
1208:. She had also arranged the deaths of Caligula's third wife,
1006:
794:
664:
317:
948:, grandson of Agrippa and husband of Augustus' great-niece.
633:
there is no evidence that he ever used the name Octavianus.
5736:
4882:
4449:
4389:
3971:
3347:
2724:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suetonius-index.html
1828:
1543:, who married a maternal uncle of the future Roman Emperor
1294:
1200:. He was made Emperor over his step-brother, Claudius' son
1178:
1159:
786:
736:
522:
511:
417:
166:
80:
1017:, he was the third Roman Emperor ruling from AD 37 to 41.
3443:
2448:
2446:
805:; above them float the deceased members of their house:
589:
predeceased him. Only Claudius was outlived by his son,
2749:
http://www.portraitsofcaligula.com/3/miscellaneous1.htm
1589:, claim to be descended from the Julio-Claudian dynasty
1573:, claim to be descended from the Julio-Claudian dynasty
1143:
was also killed around this time, Claudius' son-in-law
764:
2443:
1371:. Although Calvina died childless, she was married to
1123:, daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder, and
2684:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
2482:
2470:
2458:
2494:
2431:
2309:"Julio-Claudian dynasty | ancient Rome | Britannica"
1363:, Aemilia gave birth to several children, including
1339:
The lineage of Augustus endured into the era of the
1772:, grandson of Tiberius through his son Drusus, and
1661:were Livia's sons through her previous marriage to
894:committing suicide and Julia the Younger's husband
624:), as Caesar's adopted son and heir, discarded the
2428:, revised edition (London: Routledge, 1987), p. 32
1415:, consul in AD 128. Fundania's offspring included
1375:, whose elder brother was the short-lived emperor
1334:
5776:Gaius Octavius · Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (
2868:
2755:Poppaea Neronis Potens: Studien zu Poppaea Sabina
2700:The Sons of Caesar: Imperial Rome's First Dynasty
1680:The uncle/nephew relationship is also prominent:
1596:
1045:killed and upon the death of Agrippina's husband
6691:
2702:, London: Thames & Hudson, 2006 (hardcover,
2512:Jameson, Shelagh (1966). "Two Lycian Families".
2069:
1947:Augustus: Introduction to the Life of an Emperor
2764:, tragedy preserved with the writings of Seneca
35:
5752:
5070:
3113:
2854:
1523:Tiberius' lineage may have survived into the
1466:, Lepida's daughter by Berenicianus, married
1232:, her husband and half-brother of Messalina,
467:
2044:
1985:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 28.
1623:Laureate "Julio-Claudian" style head right.
1442:. Around AD 80 Lepidus had a daughter named
1379:. Her younger sister, Junia Lepida, married
721:Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
661:Tiberius Caesar Divi Augusti Filius Augustus
2631:(in Italian). Ed. di Storia e Letteratura.
1527:through the offspring of his granddaughter
636:Following Augustus' ascension as the first
5759:
5745:
5077:
5063:
3120:
3106:
2861:
2847:
2356:
2283:"An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors"
2205:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2133:
1056:with backing by the Senate. The historian
474:
460:
58:
6740:60s disestablishments in the Roman Empire
6735:20s BC establishments in the Roman Empire
2371:
2170:
1950:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1585:Princely arms of the Gravina line of the
1425:Titus Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio
1278:, a grandson of former imperial freedman
2624:
2452:
1943:
1606:
1297:, rebelled against Nero's tax policies.
768:
742:Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
5321:Planned invasion of the Parthian Empire
3127:
2746:The Incredible, Vanishing Wives of Nero
1403:. Fundanius married Rupilia, sister of
699:, the son of Livia and the daughter of
685:Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
14:
6692:
2646:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2396:
2280:
1978:
890:exiled for treason, Mark Antony's son
5740:
5058:
3101:
2842:
2757:, Berger & Söhne: Graz-Horn, 1995
2681:
2500:
2437:
2289:from the original on October 12, 2022
2218:
2216:
1397:Lucius Aelius Lamia Plautius Aelianus
1262:, an adoptive descendant of Triumvir
622:Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus
256:Imperial Palaces of the Palatine Hill
5638:Cultural depictions of Julius Caesar
2569:
2094:
1788:
1733:Germanicus, adopted son of Tiberius
1508:Titius Claudius Dryantianus Antonius
797:and in front of his designated heir
765:Rise and fall of the Julio-Claudians
2572:"The Marriage of Rubellius Blandus"
2563:
1448:Gaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus
24:
6710:1st century BC in the Roman Empire
2692:
2213:
2008:... never used the name Octavianus
1845:
1206:Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus
789:, c. AD 23, depicting the emperor
25:
6751:
5440:Ut est rerum omnium magister usus
5084:
2790:
2576:The American Journal of Philology
2351:Caligula: The Corruption of Power
1553:Sergius Octavius Laenas Pontianus
761:over the vacant Imperial throne.
575:'s adoption of his great-nephew,
6671:
6670:
6651:Felicior Augusto, melior Traiano
5718:
5717:
3079:Emperors/Despots of Thessalonica
3061:Eastern Roman/Byzantine emperors
2401:(reworked ed.). Routledge.
2353:(Touchstone, 1989), pp. viii–ix.
2025:British Broadcasting Corporation
1578:
1562:
1498:, whose survival made Cassius a
1419:, suffect consul in AD 161, and
1238:Decimus Junius Silanus Torquatus
517:This line of emperors ruled the
334:
126:
6715:1st century in the Roman Empire
6362:Augustan and Julio-Claudian art
2721:The Lives of the twelve Caesars
2670:from the original on 2021-03-09
2635:from the original on 2021-04-13
2602:from the original on 2023-07-17
2506:
2415:
2390:
2365:
2343:
2330:
2319:from the original on 2020-09-01
2301:
2274:
2263:from the original on 2022-02-22
2245:
2234:from the original on 2002-10-15
2164:
2127:
2113:from the original on 2022-08-28
1999:from the original on 2022-02-22
1979:Rowell, Henry Thompson (1962).
1860:Augustan and Julio-Claudian art
1724:, adopted son of Julius Caesar
1401:Lucius Fundanius Lamia Aelianus
1361:Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus
1343:, the house that succeeded the
1335:Survival after the fall of Nero
1222:Lucius Junius Silanus Torquatus
1218:Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus
551:
2625:Astarita, Maria Laura (1983).
2140:University of California Press
2088:
2063:
2038:
2013:
1972:
1937:
1925:
1906:
1877:
1835:
1597:Relationships among the rulers
1409:Lucius Plautius Lamia Silvanus
942:Gaius Asinius Gallus Saloninus
644:in 27 BC, his family became a
13:
1:
2372:Settipani, Christian (2000).
1894:
1470:and ultimately gave birth to
1435:on the charge of conspiracy.
1234:Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix
1192:, and the Praetorian Prefect
1149:Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi
1049:, he seized his inheritance.
5766:
5595:Gaius Julius Caesar (father)
5396:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
3692:Frontiers and fortifications
2682:Smith, William, ed. (1870).
2653:Marcus Aurelius: A Biography
2570:Syme, Ronald (Spring 1982).
2426:Marcus Aurelius, a Biography
2399:Marcus Aurelius: A Biography
1956:10.1017/cbo9781139045575.005
1899:
1746:Drusus, stepson of Augustus
1391:, later wife of the emperor
7:
5389:Commentarii de Bello Civili
3751:Decorations and punishments
2915:Crisis of the Third Century
2097:"The Testament of Augustus"
2074:. Oxford University Press.
2072:Oxford Classical Dictionary
2049:. Oxford University Press.
2047:Oxford Classical Dictionary
1934:, "Julio-Claudian emperors"
1853:
1670:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
1285:In late AD 67 or early 68,
1079:
1047:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
989:
906:
820:
10:
6756:
6090:Library of Palatine Apollo
4658:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
3233:historiography of the fall
2715:The Romans an Introduction
2617:
2397:Birley, Anthony R (2012).
2134:Winterling, Aloys (2011).
1842:Julio-Claudian family tree
1839:
1730:, adopted son of Augustus
1603:Julio-Claudian family tree
1600:
1214:Domitia Lepida the Younger
1176:
1083:
1072:and their infant daughter
993:
910:
824:
6665:
6600:
6574:
6544:
6513:
6506:
6451:
6425:
6384:
6375:
6349:
6326:
6276:
6248:
6220:
6154:
6118:
6008:
5970:
5929:
5858:
5849:
5789:
5774:
5712:
5671:
5622:
5587:
5561:
5530:
5521:
5490:
5454:
5417:
5366:
5329:
5236:
5153:
5135:
5092:
5039:External wars and battles
4906:
4800:
4613:
4205:
4198:
4120:
4032:
3937:
3812:
3764:
3642:
3592:
3531:
3522:
3404:
3356:
3276:
3193:
3163:
3154:
3136:
2902:
2877:
2827:
2820:
2812:
2281:Coffta, David J. (1996).
1758:, adopted son of Claudius
1329:Year of the Four Emperors
837:Marcus Claudius Marcellus
801:, with the latter's wife
667:, who divorced Tiberius'
490:comprised the first five
446:Year of the Four Emperors
304:
249:
224:
198:
172:
162:
152:
137:
122:
87:
65:The Great Cameo of France
57:
47:
32:
6705:Roman imperial dynasties
5477:Temple of Venus Genetrix
2797:Julio-Claudian Art group
2253:"Julio-Claudian Dynasty"
2224:"BBC History – Claudius"
1982:Rome in the Augustan Age
1870:
1668:Nero, biological son of
1468:Gaius Avidius Heliodorus
1395:. By her first husband,
1242:Domitia Lepida the Elder
1029:, husband of his sister
946:Decimus Haterius Agrippa
888:Publius Cornelius Scipio
841:Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
340:The statue known as the
329:Roman imperial dynasties
6335:Res Gestae Divi Augusti
6110:Caesareum of Alexandria
5034:Roman–Iranian relations
3509:Optimates and populares
2941:(27 BC–AD 68)
2822:Julio-Claudian dynasty
2340:, "II. Augustus", LXXII
1944:Galinsky, Karl (2012).
1709:, daughter of Claudius.
1702:, daughter of Augustus.
1533:Gaius Rubellius Blandus
1464:Julia Cassia Alexandria
1421:Annia Fundania Faustina
1385:Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
1353:Lucius Aemilius Paullus
1264:Marcus Licinius Crassus
1212:and Messalina's mother
1172:
1131:, her mother's husband
1043:Lucius Cassius Longinus
1027:Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
896:Lucius Aemilius Paullus
793:seated with his mother
342:Augustus of Prima Porta
189:Greatest Priest of Rome
6700:Julio-Claudian dynasty
5978:Constitutional Reforms
5658:Julio-Claudian dynasty
5482:Caesar's Rhine bridges
5409:Poems by Julius Caesar
5375:Laudatio Iuliae amitae
5351:Constitutional reforms
5338:Lex Julia de maiestate
5044:Civil wars and revolts
4310:Sextus Pompeius Festus
3957:Conflict of the Orders
3316:Legislative assemblies
3055:Western Roman emperors
2987:Year of the 6 Emperors
2963:Year of the 5 Emperors
2957:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
2945:Year of the 4 Emperors
2939:Julio-Claudian dynasty
2883:List of Roman emperors
1850:
1663:Tiberius Claudius Nero
1628:
1460:Antiochus VIII Gryphus
1381:Gaius Cassius Longinus
1341:Nerva-Antonine dynasty
1299:Lucius Virginius Rufus
1280:Gaius Julius Callistus
1268:Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso
1145:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
983:Naevius Sutorius Macro
930:Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso
924:over his natural son,
817:
488:Julio-Claudian dynasty
352:Julio-Claudian dynasty
40:
33:Julio-Claudian dynasty
27:Roman imperial dynasty
6633:Roman Temple of Évora
6031:Porticus Argonautarum
5885:Liberators' Civil War
5100:Early life and career
4753:Simplicius of Cilicia
4505:Quintus Curtius Rufus
3734:Siege in Ancient Rome
3343:Executive magistrates
3073:Emperors of Trebizond
3037:Valentinianic dynasty
3031:Constantinian dynasty
2753:Holztrattner, Franz,
2362:Levick (2002), p. 200
2148:10.1525/9780520943148
2136:Caligula: A biography
1849:
1674:Agrippina the Younger
1657:. He and his brother
1619:(circa AD 30/50–80).
1610:
1555:, consul in AD 131.
1549:Gaius Octavius Laenas
1472:Gaius Avidius Cassius
1456:Ptolemy VI Philometor
1423:(d. AD 192), wife of
1260:Gaius Calpurnius Piso
1198:Agrippina the Younger
1186:Agrippina the Younger
1141:Servius Asinius Celer
1133:Appius Junius Silanus
1117:Agrippina the Younger
1035:Agrippina the Younger
934:Lucius Aelius Sejanus
775:Great Cameo of France
772:
746:Agrippina the Younger
193:Father of the Country
6730:68 disestablishments
6607:Temples of Augustus
6557:Gaius Julius Hyginus
6385:Parents and siblings
6155:Religious structures
6095:Theatre of Marcellus
5971:Legislative activity
5699:Marcus Junius Brutus
5610:Julia Minor (sister)
5605:Julia Major (sister)
5203:Invasions of Britain
5120:Crossing the Rubicon
4763:Stephanus Byzantinus
4668:Eusebius of Caesaria
4530:Sidonius Apollinaris
4220:Ammianus Marcellinus
3559:Tribune of the plebs
2929:Eastern Roman Empire
2925:Western Roman Empire
2735:Anthony A. Barrett,
2174:Lives of the Caesars
2104:Princeton University
1569:Coat of Arms of the
1535:. Apart from a son,
1520:of the year AD 204.
1137:Gaius Asinius Pollio
815:Nero Claudius Drusus
811:Drusus Julius Caesar
693:Nero Claudius Drusus
185:Prince of the Senate
6657:Cultural depictions
6416:Octavia the Younger
6341:Memoirs of Augustus
6172:Basilica of Neptune
6131:Gardens of Maecenas
5538:Cossutia (disputed)
4939:Distinguished women
4590:Velleius Paterculus
4430:Nicolaus Damascenus
4410:Marcellus Empiricus
3799:Republican currency
2257:www.crystalinks.com
1739:, son of Germanicus
1431:, were executed by
1105:Plautia Urgulanilla
1100:invasion of Britain
1003:Agrippina the Elder
857:Agrippina the Elder
803:Agrippina the Elder
705:Agrippina the Elder
370:27 BC – AD 14
271:Gardens of Maecenas
67:depicting emperors
41:Domus Julio-Claudia
6643:Sodales Augustales
5860:Second Triumvirate
5579:Augustus (adopted)
5503:Chiaramonti Caesar
5281:Battle of the Nile
5137:Military campaigns
5115:Caesar's civil war
4713:Phlegon of Tralles
4520:Seneca the Younger
3994:Naming conventions
3724:Personal equipment
3257:Later Roman Empire
3067:Emperors of Nicaea
3043:Theodosian dynasty
3013:Britannic emperors
2802:2017-01-19 at the
2729:2006-12-03 at the
2698:Matyszak, Philip.
2609:– via JSTOR.
2557:2023-07-19 at the
2544:2023-07-13 at the
2531:2023-07-19 at the
2349:Barrett, Anthony,
2338:The Twelve Caesars
2313:www.britannica.com
2171:Suetonius (1998).
2095:Champlin, Edward.
1919:2020-05-18 at the
1851:
1629:
1484:Avidius Heliodorus
1450:, a descendant of
1417:Marcus Annius Libo
1413:Marcus Annius Libo
1355:and gave birth to
1318:Nymphidius Sabinus
1305:, the governor of
1291:Gallia Lugdunensis
1289:, the governor of
1276:Nymphidius Sabinus
1147:, and his parents
880:Vipsania Agrippina
818:
757:following a brief
732:to his full name.
630:his natural father
569:Roman family names
225:Connected families
113:Domitii Ahenobarbi
6687:
6686:
6570:
6569:
6502:
6501:
6410:Octavia the Elder
6400:(adoptive father)
6322:
6321:
6263:Via Julia Augusta
6258:Milliarium Aureum
6210:Rome and Augustus
6200:Castor and Pollux
6146:Villa of Augustus
6126:House of Augustus
6080:Porticus of Livia
6075:Porticus Octaviae
6068:Porticus Vipsania
6016:Forum of Augustus
5966:
5965:
5945:Bellum Batonianum
5734:
5733:
5618:
5617:
5498:Tusculum portrait
5357:Dictator perpetuo
5316:
5315:
5208:Ambiorix's revolt
5105:First Triumvirate
5093:Major life events
5052:
5051:
5014:Pontifices maximi
4796:
4795:
4653:Diogenes Laërtius
4475:Pliny the Younger
4230:Asconius Pedianus
4190:Romance languages
4062:Civil engineering
3804:Imperial currency
3677:Political control
3638:
3637:
3272:
3271:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3089:
2999:Illyrian emperors
2981:Barracks emperors
2837:
2836:
2828:Succeeded by
2663:978-0-415-17125-0
2514:Anatolian Studies
2081:978-0-19-954556-8
2056:978-0-19-954556-8
1992:978-0-8061-0956-5
1965:978-1-139-04557-5
1932:Brill's New Pauly
1789:Dynastic timeline
1770:Tiberius Gemellus
1537:Rubellius Plautus
1488:Avidius Maecianus
1429:Vitrasia Faustina
1407:, and had a son,
1359:. After marrying
1349:Julia the Younger
1311:Iberian Peninsula
1307:Hispania Citerior
1246:Rubellius Plautus
1113:Valeria Messalina
1076:on the same day.
1022:Tiberius Gemellus
969:Tiberius Gemellus
853:Julia the Younger
691:, was the son of
610:Tiberius Gemellus
538:historiographical
484:
483:
451:
450:
324:
323:
284:Domus Transitoria
261:House of Augustus
16:(Redirected from
6747:
6674:
6673:
6511:
6510:
6475:Agrippa Postumus
6382:
6381:
6185:Apollo Palatinus
6116:
6115:
6041:Solarium Augusti
6026:Baths of Agrippa
5856:
5855:
5851:Wars of Augustus
5840:Pontifex maximus
5761:
5754:
5747:
5738:
5737:
5721:
5720:
5643:Temple of Caesar
5600:Aurelia (mother)
5528:
5527:
5433:Veni, vidi, vici
5151:
5150:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5056:
5055:
5004:Magistri equitum
4919:Cities and towns
4912:
4838:Constantinopolis
4648:Diodorus Siculus
4580:Valerius Maximus
4515:Seneca the Elder
4435:Nonius Marcellus
4203:
4202:
3756:Hippika gymnasia
3719:Infantry tactics
3625:Consular tribune
3615:Magister equitum
3564:Military tribune
3529:
3528:
3489:Pontifex maximus
3484:Princeps senatus
3474:Magister militum
3240:Byzantine Empire
3161:
3160:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3099:
3098:
2905:
2904:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2813:Preceded by
2810:
2809:
2785:Claudius the God
2687:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2567:
2561:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2347:
2341:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2204:
2196:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2142:. pp. 1–9.
2131:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2101:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2004:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1910:
1888:
1881:
1752:, son of Drusus
1617:Kujula Kadphises
1582:
1566:
1492:Avidia Alexandra
1480:Volusia Maeciana
1405:Rupilia Faustina
1373:Lucius Vitellius
1054:Praetorian Guard
1011:Drusus the Elder
980:Praetorian Guard
861:Agrippa Postumus
755:Flavian emperors
476:
469:
462:
429:
428:
395:
381:
338:
326:
325:
315:
313:
181:Pharaoh of Egypt
148:
146:
130:
62:
30:
29:
21:
6755:
6754:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6745:
6744:
6690:
6689:
6688:
6683:
6661:
6596:
6566:
6540:
6526:Piso Caesoninus
6498:
6447:
6421:
6371:
6345:
6318:
6272:
6244:
6216:
6190:Apollo Sosianus
6150:
6114:
6105:Tropaeum Alpium
6085:Macellum Liviae
6063:Campus Agrippae
6004:
5962:
5939:Cantabrian Wars
5925:
5845:
5785:
5784:Caesar Augustus
5770:
5765:
5735:
5730:
5708:
5704:Curia of Pompey
5667:
5614:
5583:
5557:
5517:
5486:
5462:Forum of Caesar
5450:
5413:
5362:
5325:
5312:
5271:Alexandrian war
5232:
5149:
5131:
5088:
5083:
5053:
5048:
4910:
4908:
4902:
4792:
4628:AĂ«tius of Amida
4609:
4595:Verrius Flaccus
4575:Valerius Antias
4535:Silius Italicus
4470:Pliny the Elder
4415:Marcus Aurelius
4290:Cornelius Nepos
4240:Aurelius Victor
4194:
4116:
4028:
3962:Secessio plebis
3933:
3808:
3760:
3634:
3588:
3518:
3400:
3352:
3268:
3189:
3150:
3132:
3126:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3048:
3018:
3007:Gallic emperors
2993:Gordian dynasty
2974:
2969:Severan dynasty
2951:Flavian dynasty
2898:
2897:
2873:
2867:
2833:
2831:Flavian dynasty
2824:
2818:
2804:Wayback Machine
2793:
2783:Robert Graves,
2775:Robert Graves,
2731:Wayback Machine
2695:
2693:Further reading
2690:
2673:
2671:
2664:
2648:Birley, Anthony
2638:
2636:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2605:
2603:
2568:
2564:
2559:Wayback Machine
2546:Wayback Machine
2533:Wayback Machine
2526:10.2307/3642481
2511:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2348:
2344:
2335:
2331:
2322:
2320:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2279:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2237:
2235:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2198:
2197:
2185:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2132:
2128:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2099:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2002:
2000:
1993:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1921:Wayback Machine
1911:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1856:
1844:
1838:
1801:
1799:
1791:
1707:Claudia Octavia
1700:Julia the Elder
1605:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1547:by the name of
1517:ludi saeculares
1496:Marcus Aurelius
1452:Herod the Great
1440:Cassius Lepidus
1389:Domitia Longina
1337:
1272:Livia Orestilla
1230:Claudia Antonia
1226:Claudia Octavia
1181:
1175:
1129:Marcus Vinicius
1088:
1082:
1066:Cassius Chaerea
1009:'s younger son
998:
992:
915:
909:
892:Iullus Antonius
829:
823:
767:
673:Julia the Elder
554:
480:
444:
435:
423:
420:
411:
408:
399:
396:
391:
385:
382:
377:
371:
368:
345:
311:
309:
245:
215:
209:
191:
187:
183:
179:
144:
142:
118:
107:Claudii Nerones
83:
43:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6753:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6720:Julii Caesares
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6681:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6635:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6604:
6602:
6598:
6597:
6595:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6552:Julius Licinus
6548:
6546:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6495:(stepdaughter)
6490:
6484:
6478:
6472:
6462:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6429:
6427:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6413:
6407:
6401:
6395:
6392:Gaius Octavius
6388:
6386:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6367:Gaius Maecenas
6364:
6359:
6353:
6351:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6330:
6328:
6324:
6323:
6320:
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6317:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6254:
6252:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6235:Aqua Alsietina
6232:
6226:
6224:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6136:Palazzo a Mare
6133:
6128:
6122:
6120:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6021:Campus Martius
6018:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5990:Coinage reform
5987:
5980:
5974:
5972:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5948:
5941:
5935:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5916:
5906:
5903:Bellum Siculum
5899:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5878:Forum Gallorum
5875:
5864:
5862:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5793:
5791:
5787:
5786:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5764:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5741:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5663:Caesar (title)
5660:
5655:
5650:
5648:Caesar's Comet
5645:
5640:
5635:
5631:Life of Caesar
5626:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5591:
5589:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5534:
5532:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5472:Basilica Julia
5469:
5464:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5426:Alea iacta est
5421:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5353:
5348:
5341:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5148:
5147:
5141:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5082:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5059:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4619:
4617:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4480:Pomponius Mela
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4215:Aelius Donatus
4211:
4209:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4183:Ecclesiastical
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4137:
4132:
4126:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3924:Toys and games
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3706:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3464:Vigintisexviri
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3424:Cursus honorum
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3223:Western Empire
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3134:
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2875:
2874:
2872:by time period
2870:Roman emperors
2866:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2826:
2825:30 BC – AD 68
2819:
2816:Roman Republic
2814:
2808:
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2792:
2791:External links
2789:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2742:
2739:
2733:
2717:
2713:Anthony Kamm,
2711:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2686:. Vol. I.
2679:
2662:
2644:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2588:10.2307/293964
2562:
2505:
2503:, p. 441.
2493:
2491:, p. 185.
2481:
2479:, p. 184.
2469:
2467:, p. 191.
2457:
2442:
2440:, p. 626.
2430:
2422:Anthony Birley
2414:
2408:978-1134695690
2407:
2389:
2383:978-1900934022
2382:
2364:
2355:
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2329:
2300:
2273:
2244:
2212:
2183:
2163:
2157:978-0520943148
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2012:
1991:
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1655:Livia Drusilla
1647:
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1639:
1636:
1601:Main article:
1598:
1595:
1584:
1577:
1576:
1571:Colonna family
1568:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1541:Rubellia Bassa
1476:Volusia Vettia
1446:, who married
1357:Aemilia Lepida
1351:, who married
1336:
1333:
1266:, grandson of
1210:Lollia Paulina
1177:Main article:
1174:
1171:
1115:and, finally,
1084:Main article:
1081:
1078:
1074:Julia Drusilla
1031:Julia Drusilla
994:Main article:
991:
988:
973:Aemilia Lepida
911:Main article:
908:
905:
835:to his nephew
825:Main article:
822:
819:
766:
763:
669:natural father
599:Roman dictator
577:Gaius Octavius
553:
550:
542:Julii Caesares
534:Julio-Claudian
492:Roman emperors
482:
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5909:War of Actium
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5127:Assassination
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5086:Julius Caesar
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4370:Julius Paulus
4368:
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4305:Fabius Pictor
4303:
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4042:Amphitheatres
4040:
4039:
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4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
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4017:
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3779:Deforestation
3777:
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3757:
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3729:Siege engines
3727:
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3662:Establishment
3660:
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3593:Extraordinary
3591:
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3579:Promagistrate
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3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:Twelve Tables
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2832:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2744:Wood, Susan,
2743:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2708:0-500-25128-2
2705:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2685:
2680:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2628:Avidio Cassio
2623:
2622:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2466:
2461:
2455:, p. 27.
2454:
2453:Astarita 1983
2449:
2447:
2439:
2434:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2359:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2333:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2233:
2229:
2228:www.bbc.co.uk
2225:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2184:0-674-99570-8
2180:
2176:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2009:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1886:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1848:
1843:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1807:(27 BC–AD 14)
1806:
1803:
1802:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1588:
1587:Orsini family
1581:
1572:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1482:); they were
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:Cassia Lepida
1441:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:Junia Calvina
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1121:Julia Livilla
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:Aelia Paetina
1106:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1039:Julia Livilla
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
997:
987:
984:
981:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
918:
914:
904:
902:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
849:Lucius Caesar
846:
842:
838:
834:
828:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
762:
760:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
738:
733:
731:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
701:Octavia Minor
698:
697:Antonia Minor
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:
652:
650:
647:
643:
639:
634:
631:
627:
623:
619:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
602:Julius Caesar
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:Primogeniture
580:
578:
574:
573:Julius Caesar
570:
566:
565:
560:
559:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
477:
472:
470:
465:
463:
458:
457:
455:
454:
447:
443:
440:
438:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
419:
415:
414:
407:
403:
402:
394:
389:
388:
380:
375:
374:
367:
363:
362:
358:
357:
354:
353:
349:
348:
344:, 1st century
343:
337:
333:
332:
328:
327:
319:
307:
303:
298:
297:
293:
291:
290:Villa of Nero
288:
286:
285:
281:
279:
278:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
252:
248:
242:
241:
237:
235:
234:
230:
229:
227:
223:
219:
213:
207:
203:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:Roman emperor
175:
171:
168:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
140:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
115:
114:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
97:
93:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
56:
53:
50:
49:Ancient Roman
46:
42:
38:
31:
19:
6676:
6669:
6649:
6587:Via Labicana
6562:Epaphroditus
6376:
6334:
6141:Villa Giulia
6058:Diribitorium
6053:Saepta Julia
5995:Bierzo Edict
5984:leges Juliae
5983:
5951:Germanic War
5944:
5931:Roman Empire
5901:
5897:Perusine War
5838:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5811:
5804:
5796:
5781:
5723:
5716:
5657:
5630:
5508:Green Caesar
5438:
5431:
5424:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5355:
5343:
5336:
4984:Institutions
4848:Leptis Magna
4801:Major cities
4708:Philostratus
4495:Quadrigarius
4315:Rufus Festus
4178:Contemporary
3899:Romanization
3822:Architecture
3429:Collegiality
3278:Constitution
3129:Ancient Rome
2938:
2888:Roman Empire
2821:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2720:
2714:
2699:
2683:
2672:. Retrieved
2652:
2637:. Retrieved
2627:
2604:. Retrieved
2582:(1): 62–85.
2579:
2575:
2565:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2433:
2425:
2417:
2398:
2392:
2373:
2367:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2337:
2332:
2321:. Retrieved
2312:
2303:
2291:. Retrieved
2276:
2265:. Retrieved
2256:
2247:
2236:. Retrieved
2227:
2173:
2166:
2135:
2129:
2121:
2115:. Retrieved
2103:
2090:
2071:
2065:
2046:
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2024:
2015:
2007:
2001:. Retrieved
1981:
1974:
1946:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1908:
1884:
1879:
1780:
1778:
1767:
1755:
1749:
1736:
1727:
1721:
1714:
1712:
1693:
1679:
1648:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1522:
1515:
1437:
1369:Junia Lepida
1338:
1325:Epaphroditus
1322:
1315:
1284:
1257:
1250:
1188:, his tutor
1182:
1164:
1157:
1096:
1089:
1051:
1019:
999:
977:
950:
938:
919:
916:
877:
865:
845:Gaius Caesar
830:
781:five layers
741:
735:
734:
727:
720:
714:
713:
684:
678:
677:
660:
654:
653:
645:
642:Roman Empire
635:
621:
615:
614:
581:
562:
556:
555:
552:Nomenclature
533:
531:
529:(in AD 68).
525:, committed
519:Roman Empire
516:
487:
485:
441:
432:
351:
350:
316:(deposed by
294:
282:
275:
240:gens Claudia
238:
231:
132:Roman Empire
111:
102:Octavii Rufi
94:
88:Parent house
6582:Prima Porta
6481:Nero Drusus
6268:Via Augusta
6100:Roman Agora
5826:Divi filius
5684:Mark Antony
5633:by Plutarch
5467:Curia Julia
5403:De analogia
5330:Legislation
5261:Dyrrhachium
5228:Uxellodunum
5155:Gallic Wars
5110:Gallic wars
4979:Geographers
4663:Dioscorides
4643:Cassius Dio
4265:Cassiodorus
4168:Renaissance
3774:Agriculture
3746:Auxiliaries
3687:Engineering
3524:Magistrates
3376:Citizenship
3371:Mos maiorum
3306:Late Empire
3081:(1224–1246)
3075:(1204–1461)
3069:(1204–1261)
3063:(395–1453)
3025:Tetrarchies
2893:Family tree
2806:, at Flickr
2778:I, Claudius
2719:Suetonius,
2489:Birley 2001
2477:Birley 2001
2465:Birley 2001
2336:Suetonius,
2293:October 12,
2106:: 154–165.
2030:14 February
1836:Family tree
1782:I, Claudius
1774:Britannicus
1529:Julia Livia
1525:2nd century
1253:Rome burned
1202:Britannicus
1167:Britannicus
1125:Julia Livia
957:Julia Livia
649:royal house
626:family name
591:Britannicus
442:Followed by
433:Preceded by
296:Villa Jovis
277:Domus Aurea
163:Final ruler
6694:Categories
6592:Meroë Head
6531:Germanicus
6461:(daughter)
6357:Literature
6240:Aqua Julia
6230:Aqua Virgo
6195:Mars Ultor
6000:Propaganda
5919:Alexandria
5679:Julia gens
5513:Arles bust
5446:Last words
5345:Lex Roscia
5251:Brundisium
4868:Mediolanum
4808:Alexandria
4773:Themistius
4738:Porphyrius
4565:Tertullian
4500:Quintilian
4490:Propertius
4385:Lactantius
4335:Fulgentius
4270:Censorinus
4092:Sanitation
4077:Metallurgy
4034:Technology
3999:Demography
3947:Patricians
3914:Spectacles
3872:Literature
3867:Hairstyles
3704:Technology
3454:Praefectus
3406:Government
3396:Litigation
3381:Auctoritas
3326:Centuriate
3213:Principate
3208:Pax Romana
3168:Foundation
2983:(235–284)
2910:Principate
2674:2018-06-11
2639:2018-06-11
2606:2023-07-19
2520:: 125–137
2501:Smith 1870
2438:Smith 1870
2323:2022-06-23
2267:2022-02-22
2238:2021-01-19
2117:2022-10-22
2021:"Augustus"
2003:2022-02-22
1895:References
1865:Julia gens
1840:See also:
1531:, wife of
1504:centurions
922:Germanicus
799:Germanicus
689:Germanicus
606:Germanicus
359:Chronology
305:Deposition
233:gens Julia
6626:Barcelona
6575:Portraits
6536:Marcellus
6489:(adopted)
6483:(stepson)
6477:(adopted)
6471:(adopted)
6443:Scribonia
6222:Aqueducts
6162:Ara Pacis
6036:Mausoleum
6009:Buildings
5956:Teutoburg
5819:Imperator
5782:Imperator
5689:Cleopatra
5653:Caesarism
5574:Caesarion
5553:Calpurnia
5491:Portraits
5455:Buildings
5266:Pharsalus
5246:Corfinium
5238:Civil War
5193:Octodurus
5024:Quaestors
4954:Empresses
4944:Dynasties
4934:Dictators
4909:and other
4898:Volubilis
4893:Vindobona
4853:Londinium
4778:Theodoret
4748:Procopius
4728:Polyaenus
4703:Pausanias
4605:Vitruvius
4550:Symmachus
4545:Suetonius
4455:Petronius
4440:Obsequens
4405:Macrobius
4400:Lucretius
4325:Frontinus
4300:Eutropius
4285:Columella
4235:Augustine
4225:Appuleius
4173:Neo-Latin
4148:Classical
4139:Versions
4047:Aqueducts
3989:Patronage
3909:Sexuality
3882:Mythology
3857:Education
3847:Cosmetics
3672:Campaigns
3667:Structure
3620:Decemviri
3479:Imperator
3178:overthrow
3057:(395–476)
3045:(378–455)
3039:(364–392)
3033:(305–363)
3027:(293–313)
3015:(286–297)
3009:(260–274)
3001:(268–284)
2995:(238–244)
2971:(193–235)
2965:(192–193)
2767:Tacitus,
2552:161893470
2201:cite book
1900:Citations
1642:Tiberius.
1377:Vitellius
1251:In AD 64
1153:Scribonia
1062:Suetonius
759:civil war
567:were two
548:Nerones.
532:The name
250:Estate(s)
206:Imperator
6678:Category
6545:Freedmen
6521:Agrippa‎
6514:Generals
6493:Cornelia
6487:Tiberius
6452:Children
6418:(sister)
6412:(sister)
6406:(mother)
6394:(father)
6205:Augustus
6176:Temples
6167:Pantheon
5890:Philippi
5805:Augustus
5798:Princeps
5778:Octavian
5768:Augustus
5725:Category
5694:Servilia
5562:Children
5543:Cornelia
5382:Anticato
5218:Gergovia
5213:Avaricum
5198:Morbihan
5188:Atuatuci
5168:Bibracte
5145:Mytilene
5029:Tribunes
5019:Praetors
4969:Generals
4949:Emperors
4858:Lugdunum
4843:Eboracum
4833:Carthage
4818:Aquileia
4733:Polybius
4723:Plutarch
4693:Libanius
4683:Josephus
4678:Herodian
4570:Tibullus
4485:Priscian
4460:Phaedrus
4420:Manilius
4365:Jordanes
4350:Hydatius
4280:Claudian
4260:Catullus
4250:Boëthius
4245:Ausonius
4163:Medieval
4135:Alphabet
4107:Theatres
4082:Numerals
4067:Concrete
4057:Circuses
4024:Bagaudae
4014:Adoption
4009:Marriage
3982:Assembly
3887:Religion
3862:Folklore
3842:Clothing
3837:Calendar
3794:Currency
3784:Commerce
3682:Strategy
3644:Military
3630:Triumvir
3610:Dictator
3605:Interrex
3584:Governor
3569:Quaestor
3532:Ordinary
3514:Province
3504:Tetrarch
3494:Augustus
3459:Vicarius
3449:Officium
3386:Imperium
3336:Plebeian
3296:Republic
3218:Dominate
3185:Republic
3146:Timeline
2959:(96–192)
2920:Dominate
2800:Archived
2727:Archived
2668:Archived
2650:(2001).
2633:Archived
2600:Archived
2555:Archived
2542:Archived
2529:Archived
2317:Archived
2287:Archived
2261:Archived
2232:Archived
2193:39729882
2108:Archived
1997:Archived
1917:Archived
1885:Claudian
1854:See also
1823:Claudius
1817:Caligula
1811:Tiberius
1805:Augustus
1750:Claudius
1737:Caligula
1728:Tiberius
1722:Augustus
1611:Coin of
1433:Commodus
1393:Domitian
1345:Flavians
1309:(in the
1092:Claudius
1086:Claudius
1080:Claudius
1070:Caesonia
1058:Josephus
1015:Caligula
996:Caligula
990:Caligula
986:broken.
913:Tiberius
907:Tiberius
901:Planasia
869:Tiberius
827:Augustus
821:Augustus
807:Augustus
791:Tiberius
783:sardonyx
725:cognomen
716:Claudius
680:Caligula
656:Tiberius
646:de facto
617:Augustus
595:Adoption
564:Claudius
508:Claudius
504:Caligula
500:Tiberius
496:Augustus
422:AD 54–68
410:AD 41–54
406:Claudius
398:AD 37–41
393:Caligula
384:AD 14–37
379:Tiberius
366:Augustus
218:Augustus
200:Style(s)
157:Augustus
77:Claudius
73:Tiberius
69:Augustus
6725:Claudii
6433:Claudia
6350:Culture
6119:Palaces
6046:obelisk
5672:Related
5548:Pompeia
5303:Thapsus
5298:Corduba
5293:Ruspina
4999:Legions
4959:Fiction
4929:Consuls
4924:Climate
4878:Ravenna
4873:Pompeii
4863:Lutetia
4828:Bononia
4823:Berytus
4813:Antioch
4788:Zosimus
4783:Zonaras
4758:Sozomen
4743:Priscus
4718:Photius
4560:Terence
4555:Tacitus
4540:Statius
4525:Servius
4510:Sallust
4465:Plautus
4445:Orosius
4425:Martial
4380:Juvenal
4355:Hyginus
4340:Gellius
4199:Writers
4130:History
4112:Thermae
4102:Temples
4052:Bridges
4019:Slavery
3967:Equites
3939:Society
3919:Theatre
3892:Deities
3852:Cuisine
3832:Bathing
3814:Culture
3789:Finance
3766:Economy
3657:Borders
3652:History
3554:Tribune
3549:Praetor
3439:Legatus
3434:Emperor
3321:Curiate
3291:Kingdom
3286:History
3262:History
3245:decline
3203:History
3173:Kingdom
3156:History
3141:Outline
2953:(69–96)
2947:(68–69)
2762:Octavia
2618:Sources
2539:3642481
1831:(54–68)
1825:(41–54)
1819:(37–41)
1813:(14–37)
1512:senator
1500:usurper
953:Livilla
750:Domitii
640:of the
638:emperor
546:Claudii
527:suicide
310: (
153:Founder
143: (
138:Founded
123:Country
52:dynasty
6616:Athens
6601:Legacy
6507:Circle
6469:Lucius
6467:&
6377:Family
6309:Rimini
6299:Orange
6180:Caesar
5914:battle
5873:battle
5812:Caesar
5790:Titles
5623:Legacy
5523:Family
5418:Quotes
5256:Ilerda
5223:Alesia
5173:Vosges
5009:Nomina
4994:Legacy
4974:Gentes
4911:topics
4907:Lists
4888:Smyrna
4768:Strabo
4698:Lucian
4688:Julian
4638:Arrian
4633:Appian
4623:Aelian
4600:Vergil
4375:Justin
4360:Jerome
4345:Horace
4330:Fronto
4320:Florus
4295:Ennius
4275:Cicero
4255:Caesar
4153:Vulgar
3977:Tribes
3904:Romans
3714:Legion
3697:castra
3574:Aedile
3544:Censor
3539:Consul
3499:Caesar
3469:Lictor
3391:Status
3331:Tribal
3311:Senate
3301:Empire
3195:Empire
3131:topics
2908:Early
2770:Annals
2706:
2660:
2596:293964
2594:
2405:
2380:
2191:
2181:
2154:
2078:
2053:
1989:
1962:
1659:Drusus
1615:ruler
1613:Kushan
1510:: the
1287:Vindex
1244:, and
1194:Burrus
1190:Seneca
965:Drusus
926:Drusus
884:Rhodes
873:Drusus
859:, and
813:, and
729:Caesar
587:Drusus
558:Julius
510:, and
212:Caesar
173:Titles
6465:Gaius
6459:Julia
6438:Livia
6426:Wives
6327:Works
6284:Aosta
6277:Archs
6250:Roads
5588:Other
5569:Julia
5531:Wives
5367:Works
5308:Munda
5276:Siege
5183:Sabis
5178:Axona
4673:Galen
4615:Greek
4585:Varro
4395:Lucan
4207:Latin
4122:Latin
4097:Ships
4087:Roads
4072:Domes
4004:Women
3952:Plebs
3877:Music
3419:Forum
3414:Curia
2989:(238)
2760:N.A.
2592:JSTOR
2549:S2CID
2536:JSTOR
2111:(PDF)
2100:(PDF)
1871:Notes
1545:Nerva
1303:Galba
1007:Livia
833:Julia
795:Livia
779:cameo
709:nomen
665:Livia
536:is a
318:Galba
312:AD 68
308:AD 68
145:27 BC
141:27 BC
37:Latin
6621:Nola
6611:Rome
6404:Atia
6314:Susa
6304:Rome
6294:Fano
6289:BerĂ
5780:) ·
5288:Zela
5163:Arar
4989:Laws
4964:Film
4883:Roma
4450:Ovid
4390:Livy
4158:Late
3972:Gens
3929:Wine
3741:Navy
3709:Army
3348:SPQR
3250:fall
3228:fall
2927:and
2704:ISBN
2658:ISBN
2403:ISBN
2378:ISBN
2295:2022
2207:link
2189:OCLC
2179:ISBN
2152:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2051:ISBN
2032:2017
1987:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1829:Nero
1756:Nero
1715:bold
1490:and
1458:and
1367:and
1295:Gaul
1179:Nero
1173:Nero
1160:Nero
1151:and
1037:and
963:and
961:Nero
871:and
787:Rome
777:, a
773:The
737:Nero
695:and
561:and
544:and
523:Nero
512:Nero
486:The
418:Nero
167:Nero
81:Nero
79:and
4143:Old
3827:Art
3600:Rex
3444:Dux
3358:Law
2584:doi
2580:103
2522:doi
2144:doi
1952:doi
1717:):
1625:Rev
1621:Obv
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