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359:) and polyribosomes. Within the axon hillock, materials are sorted as either items that will enter the axon (like the components of the cytoskeletal architecture of the axon, mitochondria, etc.) or will remain in the soma. In addition, the axon hillock also has a specialized plasma membrane that contains large numbers of voltage-gated ion channels, since this is most often the site of
347:. Such transport of molecules towards and away from the soma maintains critical cell functions. In case of neurons, the soma receives a large number of inhibitory synapses, which can regulate the activity of these cells. It has also been shown that microglial processes constantly monitor neuronal functions through somatic junctions, and exert neuroprotection when needed.
386:
at axon terminals, and this produces a signal that must be transported up the length of the axon to the nucleus. A current theory of how such survival signals are sent from axon endings to the soma includes the idea that NGF receptors are
354:
is a specialized domain of the neuronal cell body from which the axon originates. A high amount of protein synthesis occurs in this region, as it contains many Nissl granules (which are ribosomes wrapped in
398:. The neurofilaments become cross linked with certain fixatives and when impregnated with silver, they form neuro fibrils visible with the light microscope.
744:
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Delcroix JD, Valletta J, Wu C, et al. (2004). "Trafficking the NGF signal: implications for normal and degenerating neurons".
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100:
499:"An automated method to quantify microglia morphology and application to monitor activation state longitudinally in vivo"
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Baumann, N; Pham-Dinh, D (April 2001). "Biology of oligodendrocyte and myelin in the mammalian central nervous system".
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Squire, Larry; Berg, Darwin; Bloom, Floyd; du Lac, Sascha; Ghosh, Anirvan; Spitzer, Nicholas, eds. (2008).
260:. Although it is often used to refer to neurons, it can also refer to other cell types as well, including
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Intermediate filaments are abundant in both perikarya and axonal and dendritic processes and are called
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272:. There are many different specialized types of neurons, and their sizes vary from as small as about 5
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that do not travel far from the cell nucleus. This creates a challenge for supplying new proteins to
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598:"Microglia monitor and protect neuronal function through specialized somatic purinergic junctions"
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from the surface of axon tips and that such endocytotic vesicles are transported up the axon.
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311:. The cell nucleus is a key feature of the soma. The nucleus is the source of most of the
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Cserép C, Pósfai B, Lénárt N, Fekete R, László ZI, Lele Z, et al. (January 2020).
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depends on axon terminals making contact with sources of survival factors that prevent
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Freund and Katona, Neuron, Volume 56, Issue 1, 4 October 2007, Pages 33-42,
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to over 10 millimetres for some of the smallest and largest neurons of
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endings that can be a meter or more away from the soma. Axons contain
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The soma of a neuron (i.e., the main part of the neuron in which the
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at the
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center - "Slide 3
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658:. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 146. pp. 3–23.
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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656:NGF and Related Molecules in Health and Disease
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315:that is produced in neurons. In general, most
27:Portion of a brain cell containing its nucleus
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417:"Astrocyte calcium signaling: the third wave"
585:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.09.012
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415:Bazargani, N; Attwell, D (February 2016).
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248:is the bulbous, non-process portion of a
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
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335:that transport protein-containing
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497:Kozlowski, C; Weimer, RM (2012).
563:(3rd ed.). Academic Press.
303:, which are composed largely of
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909:Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
45:needs additional citations for
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378:, including molecules such as
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476:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.871
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295:branch off of) contains many
524:10.1371/journal.pone.0031814
299:, including granules called
7:
1019:Postganglionic nerve fibers
374:. The survival factors are
363:initiation and triggering.
305:rough endoplasmic reticulum
287:Animation in the reference.
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1014:Preganglionic nerve fibers
382:(NGF). NGF interacts with
1524:Olfactory receptor neuron
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339:between the soma and the
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625:10.1126/science.aax6752
1471:Neuromuscular junction
1334:III or Aδ or fast pain
696:Junqueira 12th edition
288:
713:Histology image: 3_09
464:Physiological Reviews
366:The survival of some
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256:type, containing the
197:cellular neuroscience
1489:Meissner's corpuscle
1454:Postsynaptic density
1351:Efferent nerve fiber
1339:IV or C or slow pain
1281:Afferent nerve fiber
1107:Satellite glial cell
376:neurotrophic factors
54:improve this article
1494:Merkel nerve ending
617:2020Sci...367..528C
515:2012PLoSO...731814K
421:Nature Neuroscience
380:nerve growth factor
69:"Soma" biology
1529:Photoreceptor cell
1499:Pacinian corpuscle
1430:Electrical synapse
1384:Lower motor neuron
1379:Upper motor neuron
1100:Internodal segment
1040:Connective tissues
1010:Autonomic ganglion
319:are produced from
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1514:Free nerve ending
1481:Sensory receptors
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1324:Ib or Golgi or Aα
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992:Ramus communicans
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797:Commissural fiber
792:Association fiber
787:Projection fibers
611:(6477): 528–537.
570:978-0-12-374019-9
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16:(Redirected from
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1439:Chemical synapse
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470:(2): 871–927.
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174:Axon terminal
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110:December 2008
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71: –
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66:
65:Find sources:
59:
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49:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1434:Gap junction
1356:Motor neuron
1150:Axon hillock
1141:
1126:nerve fibers
1080:Schwann cell
990:
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951:
869:Medium spiny
782:White matter
770:Tissue Types
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427:(2): 182–9.
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352:axon hillock
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331:-associated
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258:cell nucleus
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179:Schwann cell
157:Axon hillock
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1449:Active zone
1414:Termination
1264:Interneuron
1168:Telodendron
1076:Myelination
1058:Endoneurium
1053:Perineurium
874:Interneuron
864:Von Economo
812:Decussation
807:Nerve tract
777:Grey matter
717:Spinal cord
389:endocytosed
329:microtubule
274:micrometres
215:; from
1519:Nociceptor
1259:Multipolar
1208:Nissl body
1085:Neurilemma
1048:Epineurium
833:Cell Types
402:References
297:organelles
262:astrocytes
254:brain cell
242:neurocyton
230:perikaryon
80:newspapers
1534:Hair cell
1068:Neuroglia
1030:Funiculus
919:Microglia
892:Astrocyte
849:Pyramidal
802:Lemniscus
641:209343260
449:205438341
384:receptors
372:apoptosis
307:and free
293:dendrites
270:microglia
252:or other
246:cell body
238:perikarya
1558:Category
1319:Ia or Aα
1249:Unipolar
1198:Dendrite
1183:Axolemma
1178:Axoplasm
962:Ganglion
902:Tanycyte
854:Purkinje
841:Neuronal
824:Meninges
819:Neuropil
682:14699953
633:31831638
543:22457705
503:PLOS ONE
484:11274346
441:26814587
341:synapses
337:vesicles
317:proteins
142:Dendrite
1461:Autapse
1422:Synapse
1269:Renshaw
1244:Bipolar
1121:Neurons
974:Ventral
945:General
859:Granule
613:Bibcode
605:Science
534:3294422
511:Bibcode
343:at the
169:Ranvier
167:Node of
162:Nucleus
94:scholar
1314:fibers
952:Dorsal
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268:, and
250:neuron
226:(sôma)
209:somata
199:, the
96:
89:
82:
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67:
1237:Types
1134:Parts
1003:White
984:Ramus
967:Ramus
884:Glial
637:S2CID
601:(PDF)
445:S2CID
321:mRNAs
244:, or
219:
217:Greek
213:somas
101:JSTOR
87:books
1160:Axon
1142:Soma
998:Gray
979:Root
957:Root
678:PMID
668:ISBN
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565:ISBN
539:PMID
480:PMID
437:PMID
350:The
325:axon
223:σῶμα
201:soma
190:Soma
152:Axon
147:Soma
73:news
1374:SVE
1369:GVE
1364:GSE
1309:SVA
1304:SSA
1299:GVA
1294:GSA
937:PNS
762:CNS
660:doi
621:doi
609:367
529:PMC
519:doi
472:doi
429:doi
357:RER
313:RNA
240:),
234:pl.
211:or
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