New Britain campaign

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moved into volcanic caves during November. Due to the shipping losses, the Japanese stopped sending any further surface vessels to the town from February. The Japanese air units stationed at Rabaul made their last attempt to intercept an Allied raid on the area on 19 February. Following this, the air raids which continued to the end of the war were contested only by anti-aircraft gunfire. As a result of its prolonged bombardment, the town ceased to be a base from which the Japanese could contest the Allied advance. However, it remained very well defended by a garrison of around 98,000 men and hundreds of artillery and anti-aircraft guns. Extensive fortifications were constructed around the Gazelle Peninsula, where rugged terrain would have also favoured the defenders. On 14 March 1944 the Imperial General Headquarters directed the Eighth Area Army to "hold the area around Rabaul for as long as possible" to divert Allied forces away from other regions.

1639:. A heavy aerial bombardment was directed against Cape Gloucester's garrison in the weeks before the landing which destroyed many of the fixed defences and affected the soldiers' morale. The strikes continued on 26 December prior to the assault, resulting in heavy smoke which partially obscured the beaches. The American landing was successful, with counter-attacks by Japanese forces on 26 December being defeated. The next day the 1st Marine Regiment advanced west, towards the airfields. A Japanese blocking position was reduced that afternoon, but the American advance was halted while reinforcements were landed. It resumed on 29 December, with the airfields being captured. During the first two weeks of January 1944 the Marines advanced south from their beachhead to locate and defeat the Japanese force they believed was in the area. This led to some heavy fighting, with the Japanese 1753:

defensive posture, remaining largely inside the fortifications that had been established around Rabaul. In fact Japanese combat strength was approximately 69,000 men, including 53,000 army troops and 16,000 sailors, and while they were mainly located in the Gazelle Peninsula in the north around Rabaul, there were watching-stations established as far forward as Awul. Due to the garrison's increasing isolation many were involved in growing rice and gardening. With American enclaves at Talasea–Cape Hoskins, Arawe and Cape Gloucester, the two sides were geographically separated and observing a tacit truce. Allied bombing had heavily reduced Japanese air and naval forces to the extent that there were only two operational aircraft left, and the only vessels that remained were 150 barges that could move small amounts of supplies or troops around the coast.

1721: 45: 1874:, which formed part of the 4th Infantry Brigade, on 6 September 1945, at which time over 8,000 former prisoners of war were liberated from Japanese camps on the island. Australian losses during the fighting on New Britain between October 1944 and the end of the war were limited, amounting to 53 killed and 140 wounded. A further 21 died from non-battle injuries or illnesses. Losses amongst the US 1st Marine Division amounted to 310 killed and 1,083 wounded. In addition, casualties for all Allied units during the fighting around Arawe came to 118 killed and 352 wounded, with four missing. Total Japanese losses in New Britain and the other islands in the Bismarck Archipelago are estimated at around 30,000 dead, mostly from disease and starvation. 1817: 1567: 240: 1361: 1712:

the AIB were subsequently successful in pushing back Japanese outposts to Ulamona on the north coast, and to Kamandran in the south. In mid-1944, the headquarters of the Eighth Area Army re-assessed Allied intentions on New Britain. While up to this time it had been believed that the Allies were planning a major assault on Rabaul, the advance of Allied forces towards the Philippines was interpreted to mean that this was no longer likely. Instead, the Japanese judged that the Allies would advance slowly across New Britain towards the town and attack it only if their campaign towards Japan became bogged down or concluded, or if the size of Australian forces on the island was increased.

1591:. Further confusion resulted in a delay in bringing the second wave in, while the final three waves got mixed up and landed at the same time. Nevertheless, the US cavalrymen quickly secured a beachhead and by the afternoon they had secured the Amalut Plantation and established a strong defensive position across the base of the Arawe Peninsula. In the days that followed Japanese reinforcements arrived and they subsequently launched a counterattack, but the Americans also brought in reinforcements, including tanks, and the counterattack was repelled. In the aftermath, the Japanese withdrew further inland towards a nearby airfield and the fighting around Arawe petered out. 1808:, along which to contain the larger Japanese force, which remained largely static around the Rabaul fortress, with only about 1,600 troops deployed in the forward areas. This saw a series of amphibious landings, river crossings and small-scale actions. The 36th Infantry Battalion began expanding their foothold around Cape Hoskins in early December pushing forward towards Bialla via barge, where two companies established a forward base from where they began patrolling east. After establishing that the Japanese had withdrawn behind the Pandi River, a new base was established around Ea Ea, with the troops again being moved forward by barge. The 1515: 1216: 1683: 1878: 1583:

the Japanese. The ships carrying the invasion force arrived off the Arawe Peninsula, near Cape Merkus, around 03:00 on 15 December. Two small advanced elements set off almost immediately under the cover of darkness with orders to destroy a radio transmitter on Pilelo Island to the south-east and to sever the track leading towards the peninsula around Umtingalu village. The subsidiary landing around Umtingalu met with heavy resistance and was subsequently repulsed, while the landing on Pilelo proved more successful with the cavalrymen quickly overwhelming a small Japanese force before securing their objective.

1839:'s assault across the Wulwut River on 5 March. The position around Mount Sugi, which stretched across a number of ridges to the west of the Wulwut, was strongly defended with mortars, machine guns and pillboxes, and heavy rain also frustrated Australian attempts to reduce the Japanese stronghold. Fierce fighting followed, culminating with the 14th/32nd's attack on Bacon Hill on 18 March. Following the capture of Waitavalo–Tol area in March and April, the Australians exploited towards Jammer Bay and sent patrols to link up their northern and southern drives. They also brought in reinforcements, first from the 206: 195: 184: 173: 103: 1898:, the Australian official historian, wrote that it was inadequately resourced, particularly in terms of air and sea power, with the latter delaying the concentration of the 5th Division until very late in the campaign. Regardless, Long writes that the Australian force, which was relatively inexperienced and matched against a Japanese force of around five divisions, achieved a remarkable result in the circumstances. Lachlan Grant also reaches a similar conclusion, highlighting the limited casualties that were sustained in the campaign in comparison to those in other locations such as 154: 128: 228: 217: 114: 1600: 6920: 142: 1265:. More aircraft could also be accommodated in unprotected parking areas. Aircraft based at these facilities operated against Allied forces in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The town was also developed into a major port, with extensive dock and ship repair facilities. Large stockpiles of supplies were stored in warehouses and open air dumps in and around Rabaul. Few other Japanese facilities were constructed on New Britain, though a forward airfield was developed at 1832:, which was moved by barge via Sampun. On 15 February, Kamandran was captured following a brief fight during which a patrol from the 1st New Guinea Infantry Battalion carried out a successful ambush. At this point, Japanese resistance on the southern coast began to grow and in the final phase of the advance, the Australians began advancing on foot around Henry Reid Bay, to secure the Waitavalo–Tol area, which was held by a Japanese force around battalion strength. 1250:

punished, with several being killed. While the European women and children had been evacuated to Australia prior to the war, Asian people had not been assisted to leave. The Chinese-ethnic community feared that it would be massacred by Japanese forces, as had happened elsewhere in the Pacific, but this did not occur. However, men were forced to work as labourers and some women were raped and, in several cases forced to become "

1277:(AIB) personnel, which comprised both Australian and New Guinean troops, were landed on New Britain. The AIB units sought to gather intelligence, re-assert Australian sovereignty and rescue downed Allied airmen. The Japanese attempted to hunt down the Allied coastwatchers and AIB patrols, and committed atrocities against civilians who assisted them. The AIB also trained and equipped New Guineans to serve as 1535:

Accordingly, reinforcements were dispatched to strategic locations in the area in an attempt to slow the Allied advance. Strong forces were retained at Rabaul, however, as it was believed that the Allies would attempt to capture the town. At the time, Japanese positions in western New Britain were limited to airfields at Cape Gloucester on the island's western tip and several small

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would carry out a limited offensive, consisting largely of patrol actions, with the goal of advancing beyond the western tip of the island where the US garrison had remained. To achieve this, the Australian commanders decided to establish two bases: one around Jacquinot Bay on the southern coast, with a supporting base on the north coast around Cape Hoskins.

1325:. These forces lacked naval and air support, and were increasingly isolated and eventually cut-off from resupply due to Allied interdiction efforts, which meant that the garrison was largely left to its own devices. Indeed, direct communications between Rabaul and Japan were severed in February 1943 and not reestablished until after the war. 1847:, as the offensive part of their campaign effectively came to an end. In the months that followed, the Australians mounted a series of patrols aimed at maintaining the line around the neck of the Gazelle Peninsula to prevent any attempt by the Japanese to break out from Rabaul. This lasted until the end of the war in August 1945. The 1321:(2,729); the 14th Regiment (2,444); the 34th Regiment (1,879) and the 35th Regiment (1,967). Together, these formations amounted to a force equivalent to four divisions. Naval troops provided the equivalent of another division. By the end of the war, these Japanese forces were restricted to Rabaul and the surrounding 1493:, opposed this operation as he believed that it would take too long to develop airfields at Cape Gloucester given the rapid pace of the Allied advances in the New Guinea region, and existing airfields were adequate to support the attacks on Rabaul and planned landings at other locations. However, Lieutenant General 1352:. This was due partly to a miscalculation of the size of the Japanese forces holding the island, as well as broader Allied strategy, which dictated a limited operation for New Britain, focused initially upon seizing and defending suitable locations for airbases, and then containment of the larger Japanese force. 1548:. The 17th Division was selected to provide troops for this purpose; the main body of this unit arrived in Rabaul from China on 4 and 5 October, having suffered around 1,400 casualties due to submarine and air attacks while en route to New Britain. The commander of the 17th Division, Lieutenant General 1919:

The defensive tactics of the Japanese commander, Imamura, were likely a factor in ensuring the successful containment by the much smaller Australian force. According to Japanese historian Kengoro Tanaka, Imamura had been under orders to preserve his strength until mutual action could be achieved with

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In mid-January, Sakai requested permission to withdraw his command from western New Britain, and this was granted by Imamura on the 21st of the month. The Japanese forces subsequently sought to disengage from the Americans, and move towards the Talasea area. Marine patrols pursued the Japanese, and a

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through which it was planned to send convoys carrying Allied forces to locations in western New Guinea. However, the planned landing at Gasmata was cancelled in November due to concerns over the Japanese reinforcing the region and its proximity to the airfields at Rabaul, as well as the terrain being

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of tall trees. The coastal plains which ring most of the island were covered in dense jungle. Most of the beaches on New Britain were backed by forested swamps, and a large number of rivers and streams ran from the mountains to the sea. All of these characteristics greatly complicated the movement of

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In the aftermath of the campaign, there are mixed opinions among historians as to whether the US landings around Arawe, and even around Cape Gloucester were necessary. While according to Henry Shaw and Douglas Kane, authors of the Marine Corps official history, the landing around Arawe arguably made

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Meanwhile, after a deal of confusion while the troops embarked in their landing craft, the main assault began after 06:25, supported by a heavy naval and aerial bombardment. Opposition ashore was limited as there were very few Japanese in the vicinity, although the first wave experienced machine-gun

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which provided small boats travelling between Rabaul and New Guinea with shelter from Allied aerial attacks. As New Britain lay well to the east of the "Absolute National Defence Zone" which had been adopted by the Japanese military on 15 September, the overall goal for the forces there was to delay

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arrived to relieve the Marines and cavalrymen that had landed in December 1943. After this, a period of relative inactivity followed as the US and Japanese forces occupied opposite ends of the island, while guerilla actions were fought in the centre by Australian-led forces of the AIB. Patrols from

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where they carried out training prior to embarking on 13 December 1943. In the weeks prior to the operation, Allied aircraft had carried out heavy attacks across New Britain, but the area around the landing beaches was purposefully left alone until the day prior to the landing in order not to alert

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patrols which were landed in New Britain between September and December, as well as from aerial photography. The US 1st Marine Division was the main formation selected for the Cape Gloucester landing; combined with artillery, transport, construction and logistics units this force was designated the

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scheduled for 1 November, as well as landings in western New Britain planned for December. The first raid took place on 12 October, and involved 349 aircraft. Further attacks were made whenever weather conditions were suitable during October and early November. On 5 November, two United States Navy

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The Allied air attacks on Rabaul were further intensified following the completion of airfields on Bougainville during January 1944. All of the town was destroyed, along with a large number of aircraft and ships. The Japanese Army lost relatively little equipment though, as its stockpiles had been

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In the months following the operations to secure Arawe and Cape Gloucester, there was only limited fighting on New Britain as Japanese forces largely chose to avoid combat during this period and continued their withdrawal towards Rabaul. US forces secured Rooke Island in February 1944, but by then

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argues that the landing at Arawe was of "small value" pointing out that it was never developed into a naval base and that potentially the resources and manpower could have been employed elsewhere. US Army historian John Miller also concluded that the operations to secure Arawe and Cape Gloucester

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During October the commander of the Eighth Area Army, Imamura, judged that the Allies next move would probably be an invasion of western New Britain. In response, he decided to dispatch further units to the area to reinforce its garrison, which was based around the under-strength 65th Brigade and

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Due to limited shipping resources, the transfer of the 5th Division was delayed significantly and was not completed until April 1945. Nevertheless, in December, the Australian advance began with the goal of moving along the northern and southern coasts towards the Gazelle Peninsula to capture a

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Ramsay's force was ordered to carry out a containment operation designed to isolate the Japanese garrison on the Gazelle Peninsula. In doing so, Ramsay was ordered to keep the pressure on the Japanese while avoiding committing large-scale forces. Nevertheless, it was decided that the Australians

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Allied intelligence at the time had underestimated Japanese strength on the island, believing it to be held by around 38,000 men. While this was incorrect by a factor of two, Allied assessments of Japanese intentions were more accurate, with planners believing that Imamura's force would adopt a

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The operations on New Britain are considered by historians to have been a success for the Allied forces. However, some have questioned the necessity of the campaign. In addition, Australian historians have been critical of the limited air and naval support allocated to support operations on the

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landing on the Willaumez Peninsula, on the western side of a narrow isthmus near the Volupai Plantation. Following the initial landing, the Marines advanced east towards the emergency landing strip at Talasea on the opposite coast. A small group of Japanese defenders held up the US troops and

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The Japanese authorities adopted the Australian system of administering the island through village chiefs, and many villages shifted their loyalties to the Japanese to survive or to gain an advantage against other groups. The few chiefs who refused to cooperate with the Japanese were severely

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concurs with this assessment, arguing that any offensive would have lacked strategic purpose without sufficient naval and air support, which at the time was unavailable to the Japanese. Gregory Blake has written that the extremely rugged terrain made a large Japanese offensive impossible.

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assessed the strategic situation in the Southwest Pacific in late September 1943, and concluded that the Allies would attempt to break through the northern Solomon Islands and Bismarck Archipelago in the coming months en route to Japan's inner perimeter in the western and central Pacific.

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Backhander Task Force. The force selected for Arawe was built around the 112th Cavalry Regiment, which had been dismounted and was serving as infantry. The cavalry regiment was augmented with artillery and engineer units, with the overall force being designated the Director Task Force.

1789:. In the weeks that followed, large amounts of stores and equipment were landed, along with support personnel and labourers to begin construction on facilities including roads, an airstrip, dock facilities, and a general hospital. This work would last until May 1945. Two squadrons of 1618:

was selected for the attack. For the landing, two beaches were chosen to the east of the airfields at Cape Gloucester, which was the main goal of the operation. A subsidiary landing site was also chosen on the opposite side of the cape to the west of the airfields. Troops from the

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on the north coast of New Guinea. Once these operations were complete, forces from both commands would land on New Britain and capture Rabaul. This plan proved premature, however, as MacArthur lacked the forces needed to execute his elements of it. The Japanese offensive towards

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behind which they contained the numerically superior Japanese forces for the remainder of the war. The Japanese regarded the New Britain Campaign as a delaying action, and kept their forces concentrated around Rabaul in expectation of a ground assault which never came.

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in the central Pacific, and to capture the town so that it could be used to support potential further Japanese offensives in the region. While hundreds of Australian soldiers and airmen managed to escape and were evacuated between February and May, around 900 became

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and hopefully divert Japanese attention away from the main landing at Cape Gloucester. After taking into account the availability of shipping and air cover, the landing at Arawe was scheduled for 15 December and that at Cape Gloucester for the 26th of that month.

1447:, the main American air unit assigned to the South West Pacific Area, began a campaign against Rabaul in October 1943. The goal of the attacks was to prevent the Japanese from using Rabaul as an air or naval base and to provide support for the planned 1812:

arrived to reinforce them in January 1945. After this, the Australians on the north coast pushed their line towards Open Bay, establishing an outpost around Baia and patrolling the Mavelo Plantation, during which several minor skirmishes were fought.

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The landing at Cape Gloucester took place on 26 December 1943, following the diversionary action around Arawe, and a series of practice landings around Cape Sudest a few days earlier. The 1st Marine Division, under the command of Major General

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on the island's south coast. Both the Japanese and Australians maintained small parties of coastwatchers at other locations on New Britain; the Australians were civilians who had volunteered to remain on the island following the invasion.

1906:

judged that "in many respects Australian operations on New Britain had been a classic containment campaign", but contrasted the insufficient air and naval support for them with the excesses of both which had been allocated to the

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was cleared by Australian and US forces. In response, the Japanese high command at Rabaul ordered their forces that were withdrawing from the Huon Peninsula to bypass Saidor, and they subsequently began withdrawing towards

1737:, with responsibility for New Britain passing to the Australians in line with the Australian government's desire to use their own troops to recapture the Australian territory the Japanese had taken earlier in the war. The 1915:

also regarded the Australian operations as successful, but was critical of both the decision to deploy the 5th Division against a much more powerful Japanese force and the limited support provided for the campaign.

1640: 1428:. While the initial plans for Operation Cartwheel directed MacArthur to capture Rabaul, in June 1943 the Joint Chiefs of Staff decided that this was unnecessary as the Japanese base there could be neutralized by 1646:

With the successful landing, the Allies effectively gained control of the sea lanes of communication to the Bismarck Sea, having secured lodgements on either side of the Vitiaz Strait, after earlier capturing

1180:. The interior of New Britain is rugged, with a range of volcanic mountains over 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) high running for most of its length. The island's coast is indented by a large number of bays. 6981: 1460:

ceased using Rabaul as a fleet base. The campaign against Rabaul was intensified from November when air units operating from airfields on recently captured islands in the Solomons joined the attacks.

6986: 1891:"were probably not essential to the reduction of Rabaul or the approach to the Philippines", while there were some benefits to the offensive in western New Britain and comparatively few casualties. 1236:

and were treated harshly. The 500 European civilians captured by the Japanese were interned. On 1 July 1942, 849 POWs and 208 civilian men who had been captured on New Britain were killed when the

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conducted a patrol which penetrated close to Rabaul, and judged that the terrain was so rough it would not be possible for large Japanese units to move over it to attack the Australian forces.

1314: 1261:, but these operations were generally unsuccessful. By mid-1943, a network of four airfields had been constructed at Rabaul which could accommodate 265 fighters and 166 bombers in protective 1176:. It is approximately 595 kilometres (370 mi) long, and its width varies from around 30 kilometres (19 mi) to 100 kilometres (62 mi); this makes it the largest island in the 1522:

Alamo Force was responsible for developing plans for Operation Dexterity, with work on this having commenced in August 1943. Intelligence to inform these plans was sourced from Marine and

1203:, located on the north-east coast of New Britain, was the main settlement on the island and the largest in the Bismarcks. The town had served as the capital of the Australian-administered 7006: 1281:, which led to a successful low-intensity campaign against the Japanese garrison. However, it also sparked tribal warfare with the guerrillas attacking villages they believed to have 1424:

region of the mainland and land in western New Britain. The South Pacific Area was to continue its advance through the Solomon Islands towards Rabaul, culminating with a landing on

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was appointed the new commander of the Japanese forces in western New Britain, but the division's battalions were spread across this region, southern New Britain and Bougainville.

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Meanwhile, on the southern coast, the main advance towards Wide Bay had begun in late December. This involved establishing a forward base around Milim in mid-February 1945 by the

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The Allies re-cast their plans in early 1943. Following a major conference, on 28 March the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a new plan for reducing Rabaul, which was designated

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Initial fighting on New Britain took place around the western end of the island in December 1943 and January 1944, with US forces landing and securing bases around

5173: 4769: 4741: 3885: 1318: 1965:. Citing figures of the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, March 1964. 30,500 Japanese troops are listed as dying in the Bismarck Archipelago. 6821: 5493: 5180: 4307: 1011: 5796: 5159: 4461: 4086: 4802: 4748: 3934: 1765: 7011: 6976: 5266: 4755: 4371: 926: 1223:

Japanese forces captured New Britain in January 1942 as part of efforts to secure Rabaul, quickly overwhelming the small Australian garrison during the

3781: 1962: 1497:, the commander of Alamo Force, and MacArthur's naval commanders believed that it was necessary to invade New Britain to gain control of the strategic 5152: 4592: 4468: 598: 306: 1695:. Conceived as a follow-up operation to cut off the withdrawing Japanese, the operation involved a regimental combat team formed primarily from the 4445: 3825: 1912: 388: 1835:

After this, a series of engagements took place over a six-week period to reduce the main Japanese position around Mount Sugi, commencing with the

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Following the invasion, the Japanese established a large base at Rabaul. The facilities located near the town were attacked by Allied air units

4701: 4003: 982: 6714: 3336:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Vol. VII (1st ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. pp. 241–270. 1116:. The campaign was initiated by the Allies in late 1943 as part of a major offensive which aimed to neutralise the important Japanese base at 771: 5500: 5463: 5440: 4954: 3876: 3846: 3584:

Shindo, Hiroyuki (2016). "Holding on to the Finish: The Japanese Army in the South and South West Pacific 1944–45". In Dean, Peter J. (ed.).

5215: 1651:. In January 1944, the Allies sought to press their advantage further, launching another Dexterity operation on the New Guinea coast with a 5593: 5449: 5433: 5405: 4646: 3853: 1587:

fire that was quickly dealt with. Japanese aircraft from Rabaul sortied over the landing beach, but were chased away by US fighters flying

6357: 5417: 5329: 5273: 5236: 4511: 3254:. Bullard, Steven and Akemi, Inoue (translators). Canberra: Australia–Japan Research Project, Australian War Memorial. pp. 138–152. 994: 5322: 4047: 843: 693: 6835: 5456: 3839: 3797: 2254: 2122: 2090: 2026: 1781:

was landed at Cape Hoskins to begin taking over from the US garrison. Early the next month, the remaining elements of the Australian

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prevented them from advancing quickly enough to cut off the withdrawal of the main Japanese force falling back from Cape Gloucester.

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the Imperial Japanese Navy and had as such, chosen to deploy only a small portion of his troops forward of the fortress of Rabaul.

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From mid-1942 Allied plans for the Pacific had a strong focus on capturing or neutralising Rabaul. In July 1942 the US military's

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and aerial bombardment. MacArthur initially opposed this change in plans, but it was endorsed by the British and United States

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the island's garrison had already been withdrawn. The following month, a further landing was undertaken at Talasea, on the

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By 1943, there were more than 100,000 Japanese military and civilian personnel on New Britain and a smaller nearby island,

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was torpedoed by an American submarine en route to Japan. Most of the remaining European internees were transported to the

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On 22 September 1943 MacArthur's General Headquarters issued orders for the invasion of New Britain, which was designated

1420:. Under this plan, MacArthur's forces were to establish airfields on two islands off the coast of New Guinea, capture the 6526: 5983: 5315: 5301: 4507: 1848: 1696: 1632: 1620: 1341: 999: 664: 1227:. This invasion was undertaken to both prevent Allied forces from using Rabaul to attack the important Japanese base at 6735: 6604: 6482: 6053: 5768: 5719: 5477: 5032: 4277: 4116: 3964: 3818: 1482: 659: 3244: 1720: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6851: 5726: 5698: 5515: 5097: 4809: 4776: 1934: 1809: 1770: 1453: 1381: 524: 3992: 1518:

Movements of Japanese forces in western New Britain during late 1943 and early 1944 and locations of Allied landings

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In April 1944, once Arawe and Cape Gloucester had been secured, the US 40th Infantry Division under Major General

1413:, also disrupted the Allied plans but left them in control of the territory needed to mount their own offensives. 6412: 6253: 6242: 6071: 5830: 5789: 5682: 5620: 5000: 4270: 4139: 4107: 1871: 1829: 1821: 1805: 1148: 909: 374: 355: 4787: 4355: 6798: 6770: 6648: 6441: 5671: 5122: 5048: 4837: 4208: 3927: 3832: 3717: 3446:

Mortensen, Bernhardt L. (1950). "Rabaul and Cape Gloucester". In Craven, Wesley Frank; Cate, James Lea (eds.).

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region of western New Britain and at Gasmata to secure all of New Britain west of the line between Gasmata and

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the following month, before beginning a limited offensive to secure a defensive line across the island between

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fighter bombers were later flown in to support Allied operations on the island, and US landing craft from the

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attempting to defend positions located on high ground. The Marines eventually secured the area on 16 January.

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The island's population in 1940 was estimated as over 101,000 New Guineans and 4,674 Europeans and Asians.

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In contrast, United States, Australian and New Guinean forces, assisted by local civilians, were always a

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Grant, Lachlan (2016). "Campaigns in Aitape–Wewak and New Britain, 1944–45". In Dean, Peter J. (ed.).

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large number of small engagements were fought in the centre of the island and along its north coast.

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Operations of the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces in the Papua New Guinea Theater During World War II

3555: 3452:. The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. IV. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History. 3410: 3300: 6334: 6311: 5556: 5357: 5350: 5007: 4667: 4639: 4632: 4019: 1840: 1786: 1738: 1478: 1433: 1364:

Allied and Japanese operations associated with Operation Cartwheel between June 1943 and April 1944

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In October 1944, the decision was made to transfer the US 40th Infantry Division to fight in the

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any Allied advances to buy time to improve the defences of more strategically important regions.

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The island has a tropical climate. At the time of World War II the mountains were covered by a

1124:, and was conducted in two phases between December 1943 and the end of the war in August 1945. 1109: 916: 627: 3376: 1332:-level command or smaller; the US "Director" Task Force which secured Arawe was effectively a 6939: 6662: 6505: 6401: 6371: 6327: 6196: 6060: 6025: 6018: 5941: 5839: 5280: 5257: 5104: 4708: 4245: 3985: 3971: 3654: 3630:

Target Rabaul: The Allied Siege of Japan's Most Infamous Stronghold, March 1943 – August 1945

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For the Arawe operation, the Director Task Force, under the command of Brigadier General

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provided support until the Australian Landing Craft Company arrived in February 1945.

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The disposition of Japanese forces on New Britain and nearby islands in November 1943

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Australian soldiers posing with captured Japanese tanks at Rabaul in September 1945

1855: 1854:

A series of command changes had occurred around this time. In April, Major General

1661: 1282: 1233: 972: 800: 786: 756: 669: 649: 553: 509: 232: 3950: 3530:. Vol. II. Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps. 3329: 6807: 6519: 6434: 6392: 6290: 6233: 6094: 5876: 5867: 5396: 4971: 4947: 4201: 3422: 1561: 1481:(which at the time was typically designated 'Alamo Force') to land forces in the 1444: 1302: 1243: 1128: 1113: 902: 877: 746: 330: 244: 158: 153: 6919: 3564: 1724:

Australian operations in central New Britain between October 1944 and March 1945

1514: 6814: 6350: 6276: 4314: 4173: 1859: 1494: 1421: 1215: 960: 814: 722: 644: 485: 1360: 6955: 6625: 4536: 4385: 4224: 3576: 3535: 3360: 1921: 1628: 1566: 1498: 1490: 1251: 475: 205: 194: 183: 172: 107: 102: 3390: 3280: 3205:

Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Bou, Jean (2008).

2255:"Strategy and Command in Australia's New Guinea Campaigns (Symposium paper)" 6924: 6728: 5014: 4919: 4550: 3913: 3677: 3612: 3341: 3317: 2250: 1877: 1599: 1523: 1398: 1372:

ordered a two-pronged offensive against Rabaul. The forces assigned to the

1228: 1105: 951: 946: 860: 36: 3228:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. pp. 213–231. 1207:

since Australian forces had captured the region from Germany during 1914.

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judged too swampy. Instead, on 21 November it was decided to capture the

1377: 1169: 1121: 637: 608: 221: 70: 32: 3588:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. pp. 51–76. 3469:

War by Stealth: Australians and the Allied Intelligence Bureau 1942–1945

3166:

The Unnecessary War: Island Campaigns of the South-West Pacific, 1944–45

3128:

Jungle Cavalry: Australian Independent Companies and Commandos 1941-1945

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US Marines landing at Cape Gloucester, New Britain, 26 December 1943

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area on the south-west coast of New Britain to establish a base for

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Battles and operations of World War II involving the United States

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on the north coast. MacArthur's air commander, Lieutenant General

49:

US Army soldiers returning from a patrol near Arawe, December 1943

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Battles and operations of World War II involving Papua New Guinea

3147:

Hell's Battlefield: The Australians in New Guinea in World War II

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World War II campaign between Allied and Imperial Japanese forces

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military units on New Britain. The number of sites suitable for

5055: 3646: 3355:(PhD thesis) (online ed.). University of New South Wales. 2216: 1749:

in May 1944 following operations to secure the Huon Peninsula.

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From a Hostile Shore: Australia and Japan at War in New Guinea

2245: 2243: 2194: 2192: 1135:. This was followed by a further landing in March 1944 around 576: 5243: 3055: 2780: 2660: 2285: 1503: 3449:

The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan, August 1942 to July 1944

2539: 2537: 2165: 1745:, was chosen for this operation, having concentrated around 1544:

designated Matsuda Force after its commander, Major General

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were directed to capture the Solomon Islands, starting with

2877: 2875: 2768: 2648: 2624: 2549: 2459: 2435: 2399: 2240: 2189: 2116: 2114: 2112: 1963:"Australia-Japan Research Project: Dispositions and deaths" 1894:

In summarising the Australian involvement in the campaign,

1401:, which was defeated after months of heavy fighting in the 7007:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Australia

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the landing at Cape Gloucester easier, US naval historian

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is a crescent-shaped island north east of the mainland of

3607:. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Papua New Guinea Goodwill Society. 3429:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II

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World War II Pacific Island Guide: A Geo-military Study

3471:. Carlton South, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. 3019: 2973: 2971: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2929: 2917: 2892: 2890: 2807: 2797: 2795: 2756: 2612: 2588: 2177: 2091:"Why the Japanese were in New Guinea (Symposium paper)" 2070: 1773:

on a transport ship near Jacquinot Bay in November 1944

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Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

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island between October 1944 and the end of the war.

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The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History

3168:. South Melbourne: Macmillan Company of Australia. 3149:. Crow's Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. 2983: 2902: 2855: 2843: 2045: 1858:took over command from Ramsay, while Major General 2153: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 1463: 3130:. Warwick, United Kingdom: Helion & Company. 6953: 1297:. These were centred on the headquarters of the 3431:. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. 2009: 3507:World War II US Cavalry Units. Pacific Theater 1627:. Escorted by US and Australian warships from 1309:(11,429 personnel at the end of the war); the 1196:which lay off most of the island's coastline. 3662: 1143:took over from the US troops and undertook a 592: 382: 300: 3204: 2774: 2198: 1380:. Simultaneously, the units assigned to the 124: 1686:US Marines advance towards Talasea airstrip 1456:and its harbour. Following this attack the 7012:United States Marine Corps in World War II 6977:South West Pacific theatre of World War II 3669: 3655: 3268: 2726: 2666: 2642: 599: 585: 389: 375: 307: 293: 3586:Australia 1944–45: Victory in the Pacific 3524:Shaw, Henry I.; Kane, Douglas T. (1963). 3445: 3226:Australia 1944–45: Victory in the Pacific 2291: 2171: 2147: 1355: 3523: 3269:Hough, Frank O.; Crown, John A. (1952). 3163: 3097: 3025: 2654: 2630: 2618: 2594: 2555: 2465: 2441: 2405: 1876: 1815: 1764: 1719: 1715: 1681: 1598: 1565: 1513: 1359: 1246:where they died due to poor conditions. 1214: 314: 3504: 3485: 3417: 3383:Office of the Chief of Military History 3348: 3330:"Chapter 10: Operations on New Britain" 3144: 3037: 2837: 2825: 2234: 2003: 1991: 1974: 1631:, en route they were reinforced by the 396: 6954: 5523: 5501:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 3627: 3602: 3583: 3569:Journal of the Australian War Memorial 3562: 3466: 3374: 3312:. Melbourne: Grayflower Publications. 3242: 3182: 3109: 3085: 3049: 3013: 2750: 2714: 2702: 2690: 2678: 2582: 2567: 2543: 2528: 2516: 2429: 2417: 2393: 2378: 2366: 2354: 2342: 2330: 2315: 2303: 2279: 2222: 2210: 2159: 1798:594th Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment 1760: 1210: 6379:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 5804:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 5450:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 5406:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 4504:Rape during the occupation of Germany 3650: 3307: 3223: 3125: 3073: 3001: 2977: 2950: 2896: 2881: 2801: 2786: 2738: 2606: 2501: 2489: 2477: 2453: 2076: 2064: 1957: 1955: 1729:Transfer to Australian responsibility 580: 370: 288: 5494:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 4519:Rape during the liberation of France 3324: 3061: 2989: 2962: 2935: 2923: 2911: 2866: 2849: 2813: 2762: 2183: 2123:"New Britain, 1944–45 (Longer text)" 278:(mostly from disease and starvation) 3352:Australian Army Logistics 1943–1945 2120: 2024: 1824:coming ashore at Open Bay, May 1945 1570:US Army soldiers land at Arawe 1348:, which in turn handed over to the 13: 5720:German invasion of the Netherlands 3993:Weather events during World War II 3621: 3378:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul 2249: 1952: 1806:line between Wide Bay and Open Bay 1594: 1288: 14: 7023: 6358:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 3632:. Minneapolis, MN: Zenith Press. 3490:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 1935:Attack! The Battle of New Britain 1862:assumed control in early August. 1810:1st New Guinea Infantry Battalion 1771:1st New Guinea Infantry Battalion 1468: 61:15 December 1943 – 21 August 1945 6918: 3676: 2259:Australia-Japan Research Project 2127:Australia-Japan Research Project 2095:Australia-Japan Research Project 2088: 2031:Australia-Japan Research Project 238: 226: 215: 204: 193: 182: 171: 152: 140: 126: 112: 101: 43: 3385:, U.S. Department of the Army. 3118: 1464:Invasion of western New Britain 1340:. It was later followed by the 1301:, under the command of General 606: 6605:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 4301:Territorial changes of Germany 4209:Indonesian National Revolution 3424:Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier 1: 5998:Japanese invasion of Thailand 5949:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 5713:German invasion of Luxembourg 4087:Mediterranean and Middle East 1941: 1741:, commanded by Major General 1532:Imperial General Headquarters 1344:before it handed over to the 1273:During 1943 small parties of 1159: 5905:Invasion of the Soviet Union 5594:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 4905:Independent State of Croatia 3188:An Atlas of Australia's Wars 2027:"Rabaul, 1942 (Longer text)" 1946: 1872:29th/46th Infantry Battalion 1865: 1830:14th/32nd Infantry Battalion 1822:37th/52nd Infantry Battalion 1192:was also constrained by the 1164: 1053:Manchuria and Northern Korea 7: 6896:End of World War II in Asia 6736:Western invasion of Germany 6243:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 6220:Second Battle of El Alamein 5783:Hundred Regiments Offensive 5755:Battle of the Mediterranean 5608:Italian invasion of Albania 3775:Air warfare of World War II 3505:Rottman, Gordon L. (2009). 3486:Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). 3272:The Campaign on New Britain 1928: 1791:Royal New Zealand Air Force 1777:In early October 1944, the 851:Dutch East Indies (1941–42) 808:Strategic bombing (1944–45) 10: 7028: 6822:Naval bombardment of Japan 6183:First Battle of El Alamein 6102:Battle of Christmas Island 6047:Japanese invasion of Burma 5811:Italian invasion of Greece 5727:German invasion of Belgium 5699:German invasion of Denmark 5672:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 5541:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 3798:Comparative military ranks 3310:South West Pacific 1941–45 1870:Rabaul was secured by the 1675: 1671: 1606: 1559: 1275:Allied Intelligence Bureau 1000:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands 6911: 6743:Bratislava–Brno offensive 6683: 6674:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 6411: 6298:Allied invasion of Sicily 6252: 6151:Aleutian Islands campaign 6123:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 6070: 6061:Greek famine of 1941–1944 5956:Second Battle of Changsha 5861:German invasion of Greece 5829: 5706:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 5681: 5619: 5514: 5395: 5121: 5031: 4872: 4575: 4566: 4324: 4149: 4041:North and Central Pacific 4002: 3764: 3757: 3684: 3563:Shindo, Hiroyuki (2001). 3375:Miller, John Jr. (1959). 3349:Mallett, Ross A. (2007). 3064:, pp. 250 & 269. 2261:. Australian War Memorial 2225:, pp. 138 & 146. 2129:. Australian War Memorial 2097:. Australian War Memorial 2033:. Australian War Memorial 1961:Australian War Memorial. 1609:Battle of Cape Gloucester 616: 408: 326: 263: 250: 164: 93: 53: 42: 30: 25: 7002:1945 in Papua New Guinea 6997:1944 in Papua New Guinea 6992:1943 in Papua New Guinea 6335:Allied invasion of Italy 6312:Solomon Islands campaign 6054:Third Battle of Changsha 5651:First Battle of Changsha 5557:Second Sino-Japanese War 4490:German military brothels 4356:United States war crimes 3603:Tanaka, Kengoro (1980). 3164:Charlton, Peter (1983). 3145:Bradley, Philip (2012). 2789:, pp. 395, 410–411. 1555: 1477:. These directed the US 1434:Combined Chiefs of Staff 1145:landing at Jacquinot Bay 1114:Imperial Japanese forces 1108:campaign fought between 1087:Second Sino-Japanese War 927:Estevan Point Lighthouse 682:Indian Ocean (1941–1945) 633:Marshalls–Gilberts raids 539:Neutralisation of Rabaul 505:Markham-Ramu-Finisterres 341:Neutralisation of Rabaul 6757:Second Guangxi campaign 6612:Philippines (1944–1945) 6109:Battle of the Coral Sea 6012:Fall of the Philippines 5658:Battle of South Guangxi 5564:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 4963:Italian Social Republic 3308:Keogh, Eustace (1965). 3243:Hiromi, Tanaka (2004). 3126:Blake, Gregory (2019). 1849:2/2nd Commando Squadron 1837:19th Infantry Battalion 1779:36th Infantry Battalion 1739:Australian 5th Division 1641:141st Infantry Regiment 1635:and artillery from the 1452:aircraft carriers also 1449:landing on Bougainville 1384:, commanded by General 1382:South West Pacific Area 1350:Australian 5th Division 1205:Territory of New Guinea 1141:Australian 5th Division 689:Japanese merchant raids 75:Territory of New Guinea 6342:Armistice of Cassibile 6137:Battle of Dutch Harbor 6088:Battle of the Java Sea 5991:Attack on Pearl Harbor 5891:Syria–Lebanon campaign 5884:Battle of South Shanxi 5854:Invasion of Yugoslavia 5637:Battle of the Atlantic 5251:Korean Liberation Army 4957:(until September 1943) 4914:(until September 1944) 4892:(until September 1944) 3628:Gamble, Bruce (2013). 2727:Hough & Crown 1952 2667:Hough & Crown 1952 2643:Hough & Crown 1952 1882: 1825: 1774: 1725: 1687: 1604: 1571: 1519: 1458:Imperial Japanese Navy 1365: 1356:Preliminary operations 1346:40th Infantry Division 1338:112th Cavalry Regiment 1334:regimental combat team 1220: 988:Hiroshima and Nagasaki 832:Burma and India (1944) 655:Gilberts and Marshalls 165:Commanders and leaders 6506:Second Battle of Guam 6402:Bengal famine of 1943 6372:Second Battle of Kiev 6328:Battle of the Dnieper 6197:Kokoda Track campaign 6026:Battle of Wake Island 5898:East African campaign 5840:Battle of South Henan 5485:atrocities by Germans 5258:Korean Volunteer Army 4232:Occupation of Germany 3986:Music in World War II 3467:Powell, Alan (1996). 3419:Morison, Samuel Eliot 1880: 1841:13th Infantry Brigade 1819: 1768: 1723: 1716:Australian operations 1685: 1602: 1569: 1517: 1403:Kokoda Track campaign 1370:Joint Chiefs of Staff 1363: 1218: 1149:Wide Bay and Open Bay 898:Philippines (1944–45) 856:Philippines (1941–42) 264:Casualties and losses 6792:Surrender of Germany 6270:Battle of West Hubei 6227:Guadalcanal campaign 6190:Battle of Stalingrad 6116:Battle of Madagascar 4883:Albania protectorate 4670:(formerly Swaziland) 4379:Wehrmacht war crimes 4195:Expulsion of Germans 3979:Art and World War II 3877:British contribution 3826:Governments in exile 3026:Shaw & Kane 1963 2655:Shaw & Kane 1963 2631:Shaw & Kane 1963 2619:Shaw & Kane 1963 2595:Shaw & Kane 1963 2556:Shaw & Kane 1963 2466:Shaw & Kane 1963 2442:Shaw & Kane 1963 2406:Shaw & Kane 1963 2294:, pp. 316, 318. 1888:Samuel Eliot Morison 1783:6th Infantry Brigade 1178:Bismarck Archipelago 1102:New Britain campaign 699:Homfreyganj massacre 561:Bombing of Hollandia 400:New Guinea campaign 318:New Britain campaign 26:New Britain campaign 6882:Potsdam Declaration 6771:Italy (Spring 1945) 6534:Liberation of Paris 5984:Siege of Sevastopol 4995:(until August 1944) 4898:Wang Jingwei regime 4720:from September 1943 4680:from September 1944 4618:from September 1944 4478:Romanian war crimes 4469:Persecution of Jews 4455:Croatian war crimes 4425:Japanese war crimes 4239:Occupation of Japan 4188:First Indochina War 3900:Military production 3812:Declarations of war 3527:Isolation of Rabaul 3334:The Final Campaigns 3052:, pp. 294–295. 3004:, pp. 226–227. 2965:, pp. 260–261. 2938:, pp. 256–257. 2926:, pp. 255–256. 2884:, pp. 225–226. 2828:, pp. 288–289. 2816:, pp. 249–250. 2765:, pp. 266–267. 2753:, pp. 239–245. 2705:, pp. 311–312. 2681:, pp. 309–310. 2669:, pp. 152–171. 2657:, pp. 411–427. 2633:, pp. 399–408. 2609:, pp. 340–341. 2570:, pp. 290–294. 2558:, pp. 443–444. 2546:, pp. 290–292. 2531:, pp. 277–279. 2492:, pp. 339–340. 2468:, pp. 338–339. 2444:, pp. 326–327. 2408:, pp. 324–325. 2381:, pp. 278–279. 2369:, pp. 276–277. 2357:, pp. 274–275. 2345:, pp. 273–274. 2306:, pp. 230–232. 2282:, pp. 224–225. 2213:, pp. 127–130. 2186:, pp. 268–270. 2174:, pp. 312–313. 2079:, pp. 100–111. 1761:Central New Britain 1693:Willaumez Peninsula 1616:William H. Rupertus 1475:Operation Dexterity 1426:Bougainville Island 1418:Operation Cartwheel 1411:Battle of Buna–Gona 1407:Battle of Milne Bay 1342:1st Marine Division 1285:with the Japanese. 1211:Japanese occupation 1190:amphibious landings 200:William H. Rupertus 6875:Surrender of Japan 6708:Battle of Iwo Jima 6557:Belgrade offensive 5963:Siege of Leningrad 5847:Battle of Shanggao 5776:British Somaliland 5741:Dunkirk evacuation 5692:Norwegian campaign 5630:Invasion of Poland 5457:Japanese prisoners 4418:Italian war crimes 4349:British war crimes 4264:Soviet occupations 4048:South-West Pacific 3935:Allied cooperation 3893:Military equipment 3509:. Oxford: Osprey. 3381:. Washington, DC: 1902:. Retired General 1883: 1826: 1775: 1769:Soldiers from the 1726: 1688: 1605: 1589:combat air patrols 1578:, concentrated on 1572: 1520: 1443:The United States 1374:South Pacific Area 1366: 1311:38th Division 1307:17th Division 1221: 1046:Japanese surrender 1012:Naval bombardments 942:Fire balloon bombs 665:Volcano and Ryukyu 660:Marianas and Palau 566:Western New Guinea 6972:Conflicts in 1945 6967:Conflicts in 1944 6962:Conflicts in 1943 6949: 6948: 6907: 6906: 6750:Battle of Okinawa 6649:Burma (1944–1945) 6483:Mariana and Palau 6263:Tunisian campaign 6081:Fall of Singapore 6005:Fall of Hong Kong 5748:Battle of Britain 5601:Operation Himmler 5510: 5509: 5174:Dutch East Indies 4810:Southern Rhodesia 4562: 4561: 4462:Genocide of Serbs 4365:German war crimes 4342:Soviet war crimes 4335:Allied war crimes 4181:Division of Korea 4160:Chinese Civil War 3958:Strategic bombing 3870:Manhattan Project 3639:978-0-7603-4407-1 3595:978-1-107-08346-2 3516:978-1-84603-451-0 3497:978-0-313-31395-0 3478:978-0-522-84691-1 3459:978-0-912799-03-2 3438:978-0-252-06997-0 3261:978-0-975-19040-1 3235:978-1-107-08346-2 3216:978-0-19-551784-2 3197:978-0-19-555914-9 3175:978-0-333-35628-9 3156:978-1-74237-270-9 3137:978-1-911628-82-8 3100:, pp. 97–98. 2775:Dennis et al 2008 2237:, pp. 21–22. 2199:Dennis et al 2008 1678:Battle of Talasea 1653:landing at Saidor 1580:Goodenough Island 1576:Julian Cunningham 1454:attacked the town 1438:Quebec Conference 1388:, were to secure 1386:Douglas MacArthur 1323:Gazelle Peninsula 1319:65th Brigade 1315:39th Brigade 1120:, the capital of 1095: 1094: 937:Lookout Air Raids 844:Southwest Pacific 574: 573: 525:Bombing of Rabaul 445:Goodenough Island 364: 363: 356:Wide Bay–Open Bay 283: 282: 279: 189:Julian Cunningham 178:Douglas MacArthur 89: 88: 7019: 6942: 6935: 6928: 6925:World portal 6923: 6922: 6898: 6891: 6884: 6877: 6868: 6861: 6854: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6824: 6817: 6810: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6785:Prague offensive 6780: 6778:Battle of Berlin 6773: 6766: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6738: 6731: 6724: 6722:Vienna offensive 6717: 6710: 6703: 6701:Battle of Manila 6696: 6676: 6667: 6658: 6651: 6642: 6635: 6628: 6621: 6614: 6607: 6600: 6591: 6582: 6575: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6545: 6536: 6529: 6522: 6515: 6508: 6501: 6494: 6485: 6478: 6469: 6460: 6451: 6444: 6442:Korsun–Cherkassy 6437: 6426: 6404: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6360: 6353: 6344: 6337: 6330: 6323: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6293: 6286: 6284:Bombing of Gorky 6279: 6272: 6265: 6245: 6238: 6229: 6222: 6215: 6206: 6199: 6192: 6185: 6178: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6146: 6144:Battle of Midway 6139: 6132: 6130:Battle of Gazala 6125: 6118: 6111: 6104: 6097: 6090: 6083: 6063: 6056: 6049: 6042: 6040:Battle of Borneo 6035: 6033:Malayan campaign 6028: 6021: 6014: 6007: 6000: 5993: 5986: 5979: 5977:Bombing of Gorky 5972: 5970:Battle of Moscow 5965: 5958: 5951: 5944: 5937: 5930: 5914: 5907: 5900: 5893: 5886: 5879: 5870: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5822: 5813: 5806: 5799: 5792: 5785: 5778: 5771: 5764: 5757: 5750: 5743: 5736: 5734:Battle of France 5729: 5722: 5715: 5708: 5701: 5694: 5674: 5667: 5660: 5653: 5646: 5639: 5632: 5610: 5603: 5596: 5589: 5587:Munich Agreement 5582: 5575: 5566: 5559: 5552: 5543: 5536: 5521: 5520: 5503: 5496: 5487: 5480: 5473: 5472:Soviet prisoners 5466: 5459: 5452: 5443: 5436: 5427: 5420: 5413: 5412:German prisoners 5408: 5388: 5379: 5372: 5365: 5360: 5353: 5346: 5339: 5332: 5325: 5318: 5311: 5304: 5297: 5290: 5283: 5276: 5269: 5260: 5253: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5218: 5211: 5204: 5197: 5190: 5183: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5155: 5148: 5141: 5134: 5114: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5072: 5065: 5058: 5051: 5044: 5024: 5017: 5010: 5003: 4996: 4988: 4981: 4974: 4965: 4958: 4950: 4943: 4941:French Indochina 4936: 4929: 4922: 4915: 4907: 4900: 4893: 4885: 4865: 4856: 4849: 4840: 4833: 4826: 4819: 4812: 4805: 4798: 4791: 4788:from August 1944 4779: 4772: 4765: 4758: 4751: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4723: 4711: 4704: 4697: 4690: 4683: 4671: 4663: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4609: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4573: 4572: 4553: 4546: 4539: 4532: 4525: 4514: 4499: 4492: 4485: 4480: 4471: 4464: 4457: 4448: 4441: 4434: 4432:Nanjing Massacre 4427: 4420: 4411: 4409:Nuremberg trials 4402: 4395: 4388: 4381: 4374: 4367: 4358: 4351: 4344: 4337: 4317: 4310: 4303: 4294: 4287: 4280: 4273: 4266: 4259: 4250: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4211: 4204: 4197: 4190: 4183: 4176: 4169: 4162: 4142: 4133: 4126: 4119: 4110: 4103: 4096: 4089: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4057: 4050: 4043: 4036: 4029: 4022: 4015: 4013:Asia and Pacific 3995: 3988: 3981: 3974: 3967: 3960: 3953: 3944: 3942:Mulberry harbour 3937: 3930: 3923: 3916: 3909: 3902: 3895: 3888: 3879: 3872: 3865: 3856: 3849: 3842: 3835: 3828: 3821: 3814: 3807: 3800: 3793: 3784: 3777: 3762: 3761: 3750: 3743: 3734: 3727: 3720: 3713: 3706: 3699: 3692: 3671: 3664: 3657: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3616: 3599: 3580: 3559: 3553: 3549: 3547: 3539: 3520: 3501: 3482: 3463: 3442: 3414: 3408: 3404: 3402: 3394: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3345: 3321: 3304: 3298: 3294: 3292: 3284: 3265: 3249: 3239: 3220: 3201: 3179: 3160: 3141: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2909: 2900: 2894: 2885: 2879: 2870: 2864: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2247: 2238: 2232: 2226: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2118: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2086: 2080: 2074: 2068: 2062: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2022: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1989: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1959: 1856:Horace Robertson 1787:at Jacquinot Bay 1299:Eighth Area Army 1234:prisoners of war 1225:Battle of Rabaul 1067:Manchuria (1945) 922:Aleutian Islands 772:Indochina (1945) 742:Indochina (1940) 728:2nd Indian Ocean 711:1st Indian Ocean 706:Christmas Island 611: 601: 594: 587: 578: 577: 493:2nd Lae-Salamaua 425:1st Lae-Salamaua 420:Battle of Rabaul 403: 401: 391: 384: 377: 368: 367: 321: 319: 309: 302: 295: 286: 285: 277: 243: 242: 241: 233:Horace Robertson 231: 230: 220: 219: 209: 208: 198: 197: 187: 186: 176: 175: 157: 156: 145: 144: 136: 132: 130: 129: 117: 116: 106: 105: 55: 54: 47: 23: 22: 7027: 7026: 7022: 7021: 7020: 7018: 7017: 7016: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6945: 6938: 6931: 6917: 6915: 6903: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6864: 6857: 6850: 6841: 6836:Atomic bombings 6834: 6827: 6820: 6813: 6806: 6797: 6790: 6783: 6776: 6769: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6720: 6713: 6706: 6699: 6692: 6679: 6672: 6661: 6654: 6647: 6638: 6631: 6624: 6617: 6610: 6603: 6594: 6585: 6578: 6569: 6562: 6555: 6548: 6539: 6532: 6527:Eastern Romania 6525: 6520:Warsaw Uprising 6518: 6513:Tannenberg Line 6511: 6504: 6499:Western Ukraine 6497: 6488: 6481: 6472: 6463: 6454: 6447: 6440: 6429: 6420: 6407: 6400: 6391: 6384: 6377: 6370: 6363: 6356: 6349: 6340: 6333: 6326: 6317: 6310: 6303: 6296: 6291:Battle of Kursk 6289: 6282: 6275: 6268: 6261: 6248: 6241: 6232: 6225: 6218: 6209: 6202: 6195: 6188: 6181: 6172: 6163: 6156: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6128: 6121: 6114: 6107: 6100: 6095:St Nazaire Raid 6093: 6086: 6079: 6066: 6059: 6052: 6045: 6038: 6031: 6024: 6017: 6010: 6003: 5996: 5989: 5982: 5975: 5968: 5961: 5954: 5947: 5940: 5933: 5919: 5910: 5903: 5896: 5889: 5882: 5877:Anglo-Iraqi War 5875: 5868:Battle of Crete 5866: 5859: 5852: 5845: 5838: 5825: 5816: 5809: 5802: 5797:Eastern Romania 5795: 5788: 5781: 5774: 5767: 5760: 5753: 5746: 5739: 5732: 5725: 5718: 5711: 5704: 5697: 5690: 5677: 5670: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5642: 5635: 5628: 5615: 5606: 5599: 5592: 5585: 5578: 5571: 5562: 5555: 5548: 5539: 5532: 5506: 5499: 5492: 5483: 5476: 5471: 5462: 5455: 5448: 5439: 5432: 5423: 5416: 5411: 5404: 5391: 5384: 5375: 5368: 5363: 5358:Western Ukraine 5356: 5349: 5342: 5335: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5302:Northeast China 5300: 5293: 5286: 5279: 5272: 5265: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5235: 5228: 5221: 5214: 5207: 5200: 5193: 5186: 5179: 5172: 5165: 5158: 5151: 5144: 5137: 5130: 5117: 5110: 5103: 5096: 5089: 5082: 5075: 5068: 5061: 5054: 5047: 5040: 5027: 5020: 5013: 5006: 5001:Slovak Republic 4999: 4991: 4984: 4977: 4972:Empire of Japan 4970: 4961: 4953: 4946: 4939: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4910: 4903: 4896: 4888: 4881: 4868: 4861: 4852: 4845: 4836: 4829: 4822: 4815: 4808: 4801: 4794: 4782: 4775: 4768: 4761: 4754: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4726: 4714: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4686: 4674: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4645: 4638: 4631: 4624: 4612: 4605: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4558: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4528: 4517: 4502: 4495: 4488: 4484:Sexual violence 4483: 4476: 4467: 4460: 4453: 4444: 4437: 4430: 4423: 4416: 4407: 4398: 4391: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4363: 4354: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4320: 4313: 4306: 4299: 4290: 4283: 4276: 4269: 4262: 4253: 4244: 4237: 4230: 4223: 4214: 4207: 4202:Greek Civil War 4200: 4193: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4165: 4158: 4145: 4138: 4129: 4122: 4115: 4106: 4099: 4092: 4085: 4076: 4069: 4062: 4053: 4046: 4039: 4032: 4027:South-East Asia 4025: 4018: 4011: 3998: 3991: 3984: 3977: 3970: 3963: 3956: 3949: 3940: 3933: 3926: 3919: 3912: 3905: 3898: 3891: 3886:Military awards 3884: 3875: 3868: 3861: 3852: 3845: 3838: 3831: 3824: 3817: 3810: 3803: 3796: 3789: 3780: 3773: 3753: 3746: 3739: 3730: 3723: 3716: 3711: 3702: 3695: 3688: 3680: 3675: 3640: 3624: 3622:Further reading 3619: 3596: 3551: 3550: 3541: 3540: 3517: 3498: 3479: 3460: 3439: 3406: 3405: 3396: 3395: 3365: 3363: 3296: 3295: 3286: 3285: 3262: 3247: 3236: 3217: 3198: 3176: 3157: 3138: 3121: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3072: 3068: 3060: 3056: 3048: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2969: 2961: 2957: 2949: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2922: 2918: 2910: 2903: 2895: 2888: 2880: 2873: 2865: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2793: 2785: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2713: 2709: 2701: 2697: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2673: 2665: 2661: 2653: 2649: 2641: 2637: 2629: 2625: 2621:, pp. 398. 2617: 2613: 2605: 2601: 2597:, pp. 389. 2593: 2589: 2581: 2574: 2566: 2562: 2554: 2550: 2542: 2535: 2527: 2523: 2515: 2508: 2500: 2496: 2488: 2484: 2476: 2472: 2464: 2460: 2452: 2448: 2440: 2436: 2428: 2424: 2416: 2412: 2404: 2400: 2392: 2385: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2341: 2337: 2329: 2322: 2314: 2310: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2264: 2262: 2248: 2241: 2233: 2229: 2221: 2217: 2209: 2205: 2197: 2190: 2182: 2178: 2170: 2166: 2158: 2154: 2146: 2142: 2132: 2130: 2121:Moremon, John. 2119: 2110: 2100: 2098: 2087: 2083: 2075: 2071: 2063: 2046: 2036: 2034: 2025:Moremon, John. 2023: 2010: 2002: 1998: 1990: 1981: 1973: 1969: 1960: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1931: 1909:Borneo Campaign 1868: 1763: 1731: 1718: 1680: 1674: 1611: 1597: 1595:Cape Gloucester 1564: 1562:Battle of Arawe 1558: 1483:Cape Gloucester 1471: 1466: 1445:Fifth Air Force 1358: 1303:Hitoshi Imamura 1291: 1289:Opposing forces 1259:from early 1942 1244:Solomon Islands 1239:Montevideo Maru 1213: 1167: 1162: 1133:Cape Gloucester 1098: 1097: 1096: 1091: 1083: 995:Mariana Islands 868:Solomon Islands 837:Burma (1944–45) 827:Burma (1942–43) 822:Burma (1941–42) 815:Burma and India 747:Franco-Thai War 694:Andaman Islands 621:Central Pacific 612: 607: 605: 575: 570: 404: 399: 397: 395: 365: 360: 336:Cape Gloucester 322: 317: 315: 313: 276:~30,000 killed 272: 270: 245:Hitoshi Imamura 239: 237: 225: 224: 214: 213: 203: 202: 192: 191: 181: 180: 170: 151: 139: 127: 125: 111: 110: 100: 77: 48: 33:Pacific Theater 17: 12: 11: 5: 7025: 7015: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6943: 6936: 6929: 6912: 6909: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6899: 6892: 6885: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6855: 6852:South Sakhalin 6848: 6847: 6846: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6811: 6804: 6803: 6802: 6788: 6781: 6774: 6767: 6760: 6753: 6746: 6739: 6732: 6725: 6718: 6711: 6704: 6697: 6689: 6687: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6677: 6670: 6669: 6668: 6652: 6645: 6644: 6643: 6629: 6622: 6615: 6608: 6601: 6592: 6583: 6576: 6567: 6560: 6553: 6546: 6537: 6530: 6523: 6516: 6509: 6502: 6495: 6486: 6479: 6470: 6461: 6452: 6445: 6438: 6427: 6417: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6389: 6375: 6368: 6361: 6354: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6331: 6324: 6315: 6308: 6301: 6294: 6287: 6280: 6277:Battle of Attu 6273: 6266: 6258: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6246: 6239: 6230: 6223: 6216: 6207: 6200: 6193: 6186: 6179: 6170: 6169: 6168: 6161: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6126: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6098: 6091: 6084: 6076: 6074: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6064: 6057: 6050: 6043: 6036: 6029: 6022: 6019:Battle of Guam 6015: 6008: 6001: 5994: 5987: 5980: 5973: 5966: 5959: 5952: 5945: 5942:Battle of Kiev 5938: 5931: 5917: 5916: 5915: 5901: 5894: 5887: 5880: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5857: 5850: 5843: 5835: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5814: 5807: 5800: 5793: 5786: 5779: 5772: 5765: 5758: 5751: 5744: 5737: 5730: 5723: 5716: 5709: 5702: 5695: 5687: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5668: 5661: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5625: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5604: 5597: 5590: 5583: 5569: 5568: 5567: 5560: 5546: 5545: 5544: 5529: 5527: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5497: 5490: 5489: 5488: 5481: 5469: 5468: 5467: 5453: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5441:United Kingdom 5437: 5430: 5429: 5428: 5409: 5401: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5382: 5381: 5380: 5373: 5361: 5354: 5347: 5340: 5333: 5326: 5319: 5312: 5305: 5298: 5291: 5284: 5277: 5270: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5254: 5240: 5233: 5226: 5219: 5212: 5205: 5198: 5191: 5184: 5177: 5170: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5142: 5135: 5127: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5108: 5101: 5094: 5087: 5080: 5073: 5066: 5059: 5052: 5045: 5037: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5025: 5018: 5011: 5004: 4997: 4989: 4982: 4975: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4951: 4944: 4937: 4930: 4923: 4916: 4908: 4901: 4894: 4886: 4878: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4838:British Empire 4831:United Kingdom 4827: 4820: 4813: 4806: 4799: 4792: 4780: 4773: 4766: 4759: 4752: 4745: 4738: 4731: 4724: 4712: 4705: 4698: 4691: 4684: 4672: 4664: 4657: 4650: 4647:Czechoslovakia 4643: 4636: 4629: 4622: 4610: 4603: 4596: 4589: 4581: 4579: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4547: 4544:Rape of Manila 4540: 4533: 4526: 4515: 4500: 4493: 4481: 4474: 4473: 4472: 4465: 4451: 4450: 4449: 4442: 4435: 4421: 4414: 4413: 4412: 4405: 4404: 4403: 4396: 4382: 4375: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4352: 4345: 4330: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4315:United Nations 4311: 4304: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4288: 4281: 4274: 4260: 4251: 4242: 4235: 4228: 4221: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4174:Decolonization 4170: 4163: 4155: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4143: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4120: 4113: 4112: 4111: 4104: 4097: 4083: 4082: 4081: 4074: 4060: 4059: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4037: 4030: 4023: 4008: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3996: 3989: 3982: 3975: 3968: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3938: 3924: 3917: 3910: 3903: 3896: 3889: 3882: 3881: 3880: 3866: 3859: 3858: 3857: 3850: 3847:United Kingdom 3843: 3829: 3822: 3815: 3808: 3801: 3794: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3770: 3768: 3759: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3751: 3744: 3737: 3736: 3735: 3728: 3721: 3709: 3708: 3707: 3693: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3674: 3673: 3666: 3659: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3638: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3617: 3600: 3594: 3581: 3560: 3521: 3515: 3502: 3496: 3483: 3477: 3464: 3458: 3443: 3437: 3415: 3372: 3346: 3322: 3305: 3266: 3260: 3240: 3234: 3221: 3215: 3202: 3196: 3180: 3174: 3161: 3155: 3142: 3136: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3112:, p. 127. 3102: 3090: 3088:, p. 276. 3078: 3076:, p. 226. 3066: 3054: 3042: 3040:, p. 377. 3030: 3028:, p. 343. 3018: 3016:, p. 295. 3006: 2994: 2992:, p. 265. 2982: 2980:, p. 253. 2967: 2955: 2953:, p. 412. 2940: 2928: 2916: 2914:, p. 253. 2901: 2899:, p. 411. 2886: 2871: 2869:, p. 270. 2854: 2852:, p. 250. 2842: 2840:, p. 408. 2830: 2818: 2806: 2804:, p. 410. 2791: 2779: 2777:, p. 387. 2767: 2755: 2743: 2741:, p. 408. 2731: 2729:, p. 183. 2719: 2707: 2695: 2693:, p. 311. 2683: 2671: 2659: 2647: 2645:, p. 152. 2635: 2623: 2611: 2599: 2587: 2585:, p. 294. 2572: 2560: 2548: 2533: 2521: 2519:, p. 289. 2506: 2504:, p. 340. 2494: 2482: 2480:, p. 339. 2470: 2458: 2456:, p. 338. 2446: 2434: 2432:, p. 280. 2422: 2410: 2398: 2396:, p. 277. 2383: 2371: 2359: 2347: 2335: 2333:, p. 270. 2320: 2318:, p. 253. 2308: 2296: 2292:Mortensen 1950 2284: 2272: 2239: 2227: 2215: 2203: 2201:, p. 390. 2188: 2176: 2172:Mortensen 1950 2164: 2152: 2150:, p. 312. 2148:Mortensen 1950 2140: 2108: 2081: 2069: 2067:, p. 225. 2044: 2008: 2006:, p. 188. 1996: 1994:, p. 185. 1979: 1977:, p. 184. 1967: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1930: 1927: 1913:Peter Charlton 1867: 1864: 1860:Kenneth Eather 1762: 1759: 1730: 1727: 1717: 1714: 1676:Main article: 1673: 1670: 1657:Huon Peninsula 1623:embarked from 1607:Main article: 1596: 1593: 1560:Main article: 1557: 1554: 1495:Walter Krueger 1470: 1469:Opposing plans 1467: 1465: 1462: 1422:Huon Peninsula 1357: 1354: 1313:(13,108); the 1290: 1287: 1212: 1209: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1093: 1092: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1064: 1056: 1055: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1024: 1022:South Sakhalin 1019: 1014: 1009: 1002: 997: 992: 991: 990: 985: 980: 975: 964: 963: 957: 956: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 913: 912: 906: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 858: 853: 847: 846: 840: 839: 834: 829: 824: 818: 817: 811: 810: 805: 798: 791: 784: 779: 777:Malacca Strait 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 738: 737: 735:Southeast Asia 731: 730: 725: 720: 719: 718: 708: 703: 702: 701: 691: 685: 684: 678: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 645:Doolittle Raid 642: 635: 630: 624: 623: 617: 614: 613: 604: 603: 596: 589: 581: 572: 571: 569: 568: 563: 558: 551: 546: 541: 535: 534: 532: 528: 527: 522: 517: 515:Huon Peninsula 512: 507: 502: 495: 490: 483: 478: 472: 471: 469: 465: 464: 459: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 416: 415: 413: 409: 406: 405: 394: 393: 386: 379: 371: 362: 361: 359: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 327: 324: 323: 312: 311: 304: 297: 289: 281: 280: 274: 266: 265: 261: 260: 257: 253: 252: 248: 247: 235: 167: 166: 162: 161: 149: 138: 137: 96: 95: 91: 90: 87: 86: 85:Allied victory 83: 79: 78: 69: 67: 63: 62: 59: 51: 50: 40: 39: 28: 27: 21: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7024: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6941: 6937: 6934: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6921: 6914: 6913: 6910: 6897: 6893: 6890: 6886: 6883: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6867: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6859:Kuril Islands 6856: 6853: 6849: 6844: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6833: 6830: 6826: 6823: 6819: 6816: 6812: 6809: 6805: 6800: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6789: 6786: 6782: 6779: 6775: 6772: 6768: 6765: 6761: 6758: 6754: 6751: 6747: 6744: 6740: 6737: 6733: 6730: 6726: 6723: 6719: 6716: 6712: 6709: 6705: 6702: 6698: 6695: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6682: 6675: 6671: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6653: 6650: 6646: 6641: 6637: 6636: 6634: 6630: 6627: 6626:Syrmian Front 6623: 6620: 6616: 6613: 6609: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6581: 6577: 6574: 6573: 6572:Market Garden 6568: 6565: 6561: 6558: 6554: 6551: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6535: 6531: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6517: 6514: 6510: 6507: 6503: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6484: 6480: 6477: 6476: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6453: 6450: 6446: 6443: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6431:Monte Cassino 6428: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6403: 6399: 6394: 6390: 6387: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6376: 6373: 6369: 6366: 6362: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6348: 6343: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6313: 6309: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6285: 6281: 6278: 6274: 6271: 6267: 6264: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6251: 6244: 6240: 6237: 6236: 6231: 6228: 6224: 6221: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6205: 6201: 6198: 6194: 6191: 6187: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6141: 6138: 6134: 6131: 6127: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6106: 6103: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6069: 6062: 6058: 6055: 6051: 6048: 6044: 6041: 6037: 6034: 6030: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6016: 6013: 6009: 6006: 6002: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5981: 5978: 5974: 5971: 5967: 5964: 5960: 5957: 5953: 5950: 5946: 5943: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5918: 5913: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5888: 5885: 5881: 5878: 5874: 5869: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5858: 5855: 5851: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5821: 5820: 5815: 5812: 5808: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5794: 5791: 5790:Baltic states 5787: 5784: 5780: 5777: 5773: 5770: 5766: 5763: 5759: 5756: 5752: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5731: 5728: 5724: 5721: 5717: 5714: 5710: 5707: 5703: 5700: 5696: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5673: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5648: 5645: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5609: 5605: 5602: 5598: 5595: 5591: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5565: 5561: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5542: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5513: 5502: 5498: 5495: 5491: 5486: 5482: 5479: 5475: 5474: 5470: 5465: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5447: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5434:United States 5431: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5387: 5383: 5378: 5374: 5371: 5370:Quốc dân Đảng 5367: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5345: 5341: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5327: 5324: 5320: 5317: 5313: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5278: 5275: 5271: 5268: 5264: 5259: 5255: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5220: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5203: 5199: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5185: 5182: 5178: 5175: 5171: 5168: 5164: 5161: 5157: 5154: 5150: 5147: 5143: 5140: 5136: 5133: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5102: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5088: 5085: 5081: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5070:Liechtenstein 5067: 5064: 5060: 5057: 5053: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5023: 5022:Collaboration 5019: 5016: 5012: 5009: 5005: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4987: 4983: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4969: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4924: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4906: 4902: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4884: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4864: 4860: 4855: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4847:United States 4844: 4839: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4753: 4750: 4746: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4732: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4699: 4696: 4692: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4651: 4648: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4604: 4601: 4597: 4594: 4590: 4587: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4565: 4552: 4548: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4537:Comfort women 4534: 4531: 4527: 4524: 4521: / 4520: 4516: 4513: 4510: / 4509: 4506: / 4505: 4501: 4498: 4497:Camp brothels 4494: 4491: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4447: 4443: 4440: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4410: 4406: 4401: 4397: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4386:The Holocaust 4383: 4380: 4376: 4373: 4372:forced labour 4369: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4343: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4316: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4286: 4282: 4279: 4275: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4243: 4240: 4236: 4233: 4229: 4226: 4225:Marshall Plan 4222: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4210: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4196: 4192: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4178: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4121: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4102: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4078:Eastern Front 4075: 4072: 4071:Western Front 4068: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3973: 3969: 3966: 3965:Puppet states 3962: 3959: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3939: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3922: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3907:Naval history 3904: 3901: 3897: 3894: 3890: 3887: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3854:United States 3851: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3827: 3823: 3820: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3799: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3729: 3726: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3714: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3672: 3667: 3665: 3660: 3658: 3653: 3652: 3649: 3641: 3635: 3631: 3626: 3625: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3557: 3545: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3480: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3400: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3373: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3353: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3306: 3302: 3290: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3253: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3158: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3123: 3111: 3106: 3099: 3098:Charlton 1983 3094: 3087: 3082: 3075: 3070: 3063: 3058: 3051: 3046: 3039: 3034: 3027: 3022: 3015: 3010: 3003: 2998: 2991: 2986: 2979: 2974: 2972: 2964: 2959: 2952: 2947: 2945: 2937: 2932: 2925: 2920: 2913: 2908: 2906: 2898: 2893: 2891: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2851: 2846: 2839: 2834: 2827: 2822: 2815: 2810: 2803: 2798: 2796: 2788: 2783: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2759: 2752: 2747: 2740: 2735: 2728: 2723: 2717:, p. 59. 2716: 2711: 2704: 2699: 2692: 2687: 2680: 2675: 2668: 2663: 2656: 2651: 2644: 2639: 2632: 2627: 2620: 2615: 2608: 2603: 2596: 2591: 2584: 2579: 2577: 2569: 2564: 2557: 2552: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2530: 2525: 2518: 2513: 2511: 2503: 2498: 2491: 2486: 2479: 2474: 2467: 2462: 2455: 2450: 2443: 2438: 2431: 2426: 2420:, p. 52. 2419: 2414: 2407: 2402: 2395: 2390: 2388: 2380: 2375: 2368: 2363: 2356: 2351: 2344: 2339: 2332: 2327: 2325: 2317: 2312: 2305: 2300: 2293: 2288: 2281: 2276: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2251:Horner, David 2246: 2244: 2236: 2231: 2224: 2219: 2212: 2207: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2185: 2180: 2173: 2168: 2161: 2156: 2149: 2144: 2128: 2124: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2096: 2092: 2089:Frei, Henry. 2085: 2078: 2073: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2032: 2028: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2005: 2000: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1976: 1971: 1964: 1958: 1956: 1951: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1926: 1923: 1922:Eustace Keogh 1917: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1892: 1889: 1879: 1875: 1873: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1843:and then the 1842: 1838: 1833: 1831: 1823: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1772: 1767: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1722: 1713: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1684: 1679: 1669: 1665: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1629:Task Force 74 1626: 1622: 1617: 1610: 1601: 1592: 1590: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1568: 1563: 1553: 1551: 1550:Yasushi Sakai 1547: 1541: 1538: 1533: 1530:The Japanese 1528: 1525: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1499:Vitiaz Strait 1496: 1492: 1491:George Kenney 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1362: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1336:based on the 1335: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1317:(5,073); the 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1252:comfort women 1247: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1217: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1027:Kuril Islands 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1007: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 970: 969: 966: 965: 962: 959: 958: 955: 954: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 914: 911: 910:North America 908: 907: 904: 903:Borneo (1945) 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 863: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 848: 845: 842: 841: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 819: 816: 813: 812: 809: 806: 804: 803: 799: 797: 796: 792: 790: 789: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 739: 736: 733: 732: 729: 726: 724: 723:Bay of Bengal 721: 717: 714: 713: 712: 709: 707: 704: 700: 697: 696: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 683: 680: 679: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 640: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 625: 622: 619: 618: 615: 610: 602: 597: 595: 590: 588: 583: 582: 579: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 556: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 536: 533: 530: 529: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 500: 496: 494: 491: 489: 488: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 473: 470: 467: 466: 463: 460: 458: 457: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 417: 414: 411: 410: 407: 402: 392: 387: 385: 380: 378: 373: 372: 369: 357: 354: 352: 351:Jacquinot Bay 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 328: 325: 320: 310: 305: 303: 298: 296: 291: 290: 287: 275: 271:1,575 wounded 268: 267: 262: 258: 255: 254: 249: 246: 236: 234: 229: 223: 218: 212: 207: 201: 196: 190: 185: 179: 174: 169: 168: 163: 160: 155: 150: 148: 143: 135: 123: 122: 121: 120: 115: 109: 108:United States 104: 98: 97: 92: 84: 81: 80: 76: 72: 68: 65: 64: 60: 57: 56: 52: 46: 41: 38: 34: 29: 24: 19: 6933:Bibliography 6916: 6729:Project Hula 6694:Vistula–Oder 6663: 6596: 6587: 6571: 6541: 6490: 6474: 6465: 6456: 6422: 6319: 6234: 6210: 6173: 5924: 5817: 5762:North Africa 5464:Soviet Union 5418:Soviet Union 5344:Soviet Union 5112:Vatican City 5015:Vichy France 4920:German Reich 4817:Soviet Union 4803:South Africa 4796:Sierra Leone 4749:Newfoundland 4568:Participants 4551:Marocchinate 4255: 4246: 4216: 4094:North Africa 4055:Indian Ocean 3914:Nazi plunder 3805:Cryptography 3678:World War II 3629: 3604: 3585: 3568: 3526: 3506: 3487: 3468: 3448: 3423: 3377: 3364:. Retrieved 3351: 3333: 3309: 3271: 3251: 3225: 3206: 3187: 3184:Coates, John 3165: 3146: 3127: 3119:Bibliography 3105: 3093: 3081: 3069: 3057: 3045: 3038:Morison 2001 3033: 3021: 3009: 2997: 2985: 2958: 2931: 2919: 2845: 2838:Bradley 2012 2833: 2826:Mallett 2007 2821: 2809: 2782: 2770: 2758: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2710: 2698: 2686: 2674: 2662: 2650: 2638: 2626: 2614: 2602: 2590: 2563: 2551: 2524: 2497: 2485: 2473: 2461: 2449: 2437: 2425: 2413: 2401: 2374: 2362: 2350: 2338: 2311: 2299: 2287: 2275: 2263:. Retrieved 2258: 2235:Rottman 2009 2230: 2218: 2206: 2179: 2167: 2155: 2143: 2131:. Retrieved 2126: 2099:. Retrieved 2094: 2084: 2072: 2035:. Retrieved 2030: 2004:Rottman 2002 1999: 1992:Rottman 2002 1975:Rottman 2002 1970: 1918: 1900:Aitape–Wewak 1893: 1884: 1869: 1853: 1834: 1827: 1802: 1776: 1755: 1751: 1732: 1706: 1702: 1689: 1666: 1645: 1637:11th Marines 1612: 1585: 1573: 1546:Iwao Matsuda 1542: 1537:way stations 1529: 1521: 1472: 1442: 1415: 1399:Port Moresby 1367: 1327: 1292: 1283:collaborated 1272: 1256: 1248: 1237: 1222: 1198: 1182: 1168: 1154: 1126: 1106:World War II 1101: 1099: 1085: 1084: 1059: 1039: 1005: 952: 947:Project Hula 932:Fort Stevens 892: 861: 801: 794: 787: 675:Ocean Island 638: 628:Pearl Harbor 554: 519: 498: 486: 481:Bismarck Sea 455: 435:Kokoda Track 316: 99: 94:Belligerents 37:World War II 31:Part of the 18: 6664:Bodenplatte 6550:Gothic Line 5769:West Africa 5316:Philippines 5295:Netherlands 5160:Czech lands 5098:Switzerland 5042:Afghanistan 4986:Philippines 4854:Puerto Rico 4770:Philippines 4756:New Zealand 4742:Netherlands 4695:Free France 4446:Prosecution 4247:Osoaviakhim 4117:West Africa 4101:East Africa 3748:Conferences 3552:|work= 3407:|work= 3326:Long, Gavin 3297:|work= 3110:Tanaka 1980 3086:Coates 2006 3050:Miller 1959 3014:Miller 1959 2751:Powell 1996 2715:Shindo 2016 2703:Miller 1959 2691:Miller 1959 2679:Miller 1959 2583:Miller 1959 2568:Miller 1959 2544:Miller 1959 2529:Miller 1959 2517:Miller 1959 2430:Miller 1959 2418:Shindo 2016 2394:Miller 1959 2379:Miller 1959 2367:Miller 1959 2355:Miller 1959 2343:Miller 1959 2331:Miller 1959 2316:Miller 1959 2304:Miller 1959 2280:Miller 1959 2223:Hiromi 2004 2211:Tanaka 1980 2160:Shindo 2001 1904:John Coates 1743:Alan Ramsay 1735:Philippines 1697:5th Marines 1649:Finschhafen 1633:1st Marines 1621:7th Marines 1524:Alamo Scout 1440:in August. 1436:during the 1378:Guadalcanal 1295:New Ireland 1194:coral reefs 1170:New Britain 1122:New Britain 1072:Mutanchiang 893:New Britain 609:Pacific War 544:Admiralties 520:New Britain 222:Alan Ramsay 147:New Zealand 71:New Britain 6956:Categories 6764:West Hunan 6597:Pointblank 5926:Silver Fox 5912:Summer War 5665:Winter War 5644:Phoney War 5425:Azerbaijan 5386:Yugoslavia 5281:Luxembourg 5123:Resistance 4863:Yugoslavia 4728:Luxembourg 4530:Sook Ching 4326:War crimes 3928:Technology 3921:Opposition 3863:Lend-Lease 3840:Australian 3833:Home front 3791:Blitzkrieg 3741:Casualties 3732:Commanders 3704:Operations 3074:Grant 2016 3002:Grant 2016 2978:Blake 2019 2951:Keogh 1965 2897:Keogh 1965 2882:Grant 2016 2802:Keogh 1965 2787:Keogh 1965 2739:Keogh 1965 2607:Keogh 1965 2502:Keogh 1965 2490:Keogh 1965 2478:Keogh 1965 2454:Keogh 1965 2077:Keogh 1965 2065:Grant 2016 1942:References 1896:Gavin Long 1709:Rapp Brush 1479:Sixth Army 1279:guerrillas 1263:revetments 1185:rainforest 1174:New Guinea 1160:Background 1017:Sagami Bay 1006:Starvation 888:New Guinea 510:Wewak Raid 269:502 killed 211:Rapp Brush 134:New Guinea 6829:Manchuria 6715:Indochina 6491:Bagration 5935:Lithuania 5580:Anschluss 5377:Viet Minh 5274:Lithuania 5216:Hong Kong 4979:Manchukuo 4934:Azad Hind 4593:Australia 4393:Aftermath 4256:Paperclip 4151:Aftermath 3951:Total war 3819:Diplomacy 3782:In Europe 3577:1327-0141 3554:ignored ( 3544:cite book 3536:482891390 3421:(2001) . 3409:ignored ( 3399:cite book 3361:271462761 3299:ignored ( 3289:cite book 3062:Long 1963 2990:Long 1963 2963:Long 1963 2936:Long 1963 2924:Long 1963 2912:Long 1963 2867:Long 1963 2850:Long 1963 2814:Long 1963 2763:Long 1963 2184:Long 1963 1947:Citations 1866:Aftermath 1165:Geography 1061:Kantokuen 968:Air raids 883:Australia 873:Coral Sea 767:Singapore 762:Hong Kong 555:Take Ichi 499:Chronicle 450:Buna–Gona 440:Milne Bay 430:Coral Sea 273:4 missing 119:Australia 6940:Category 6889:document 6799:document 6656:Ardennes 6640:Budapest 6588:Crossbow 6466:Overlord 6305:Smolensk 5516:Timeline 5351:Slovakia 5337:Thailand 5188:Ethiopia 5153:Bulgaria 5077:Portugal 5008:Thailand 4890:Bulgaria 4668:Eswatini 4661:Ethiopia 4614:Bulgaria 4439:Unit 731 4400:Response 4217:Keelhaul 4167:Cold War 4140:Americas 4131:timeline 4124:Atlantic 4004:Theaters 3391:63151382 3366:29 March 3328:(1963). 3281:63151382 3186:(2006). 2265:24 April 2133:23 April 2101:23 April 2037:22 April 1929:See also 1508:PT boats 1430:blockade 1394:Salamaua 1330:division 1079:Chongjin 1040:Downfall 978:Yokosuka 795:Tiderace 752:Thailand 456:Lilliput 251:Strength 66:Location 6866:Shumshu 6633:Hungary 6580:Estonia 6564:Lapland 6542:Dragoon 6475:Neptune 6457:Ichi-Go 6423:Tempest 6365:Changde 6320:Cottage 6212:Jubilee 5921:Finland 5819:Compass 5525:Prelude 5478:Finland 5364:Vietnam 5330:Romania 5202:Germany 5181:Estonia 5167:Denmark 5146:Belgium 5139:Austria 5132:Albania 5063:Ireland 5049:Andorra 5033:Neutral 4993:Romania 4927:Hungary 4912:Finland 4784:Romania 4676:Finland 4654:Denmark 4600:Belgium 4586:Algeria 4292:Romania 4278:Hungary 4034:Pacific 3758:General 3712:Leaders 3697:Battles 3690:Outline 3613:9206229 3342:1297619 3318:7185705 1794:Corsair 1785:landed 1672:Talasea 1655:as the 1625:Oro Bay 1487:Talasea 1267:Gasmata 1137:Talasea 1032:Shumshu 917:Ellwood 782:Vietnam 531:1944–45 462:Merauke 346:Talasea 259:100,000 6843:Debate 6815:Taipei 6808:Borneo 6386:Tarawa 5573:Europe 5534:Africa 5323:Poland 5309:Norway 5288:Malaya 5267:Latvia 5209:Greece 5195:France 5091:Sweden 5056:Bhutan 4777:Poland 4763:Norway 4735:Mexico 4702:Greece 4688:France 4626:Canada 4607:Brazil 4577:Allies 4523:Serbia 4512:Poland 4285:Poland 4271:Baltic 4064:Europe 3766:Topics 3718:Allied 3636: 3611: 3592: 3575: 3571:(34). 3534: 3513: 3494: 3475: 3456: 3435: 3389: 3359: 3340: 3316: 3279: 3258: 3232: 3213: 3194: 3172: 3153: 3134: 1747:Madang 1662:Madang 1305:: the 1201:Rabaul 1118:Rabaul 1110:Allied 1104:was a 802:Zipper 788:Jurist 757:Malaya 716:Ceylon 650:Midway 549:Emirau 256:20,000 131: 82:Result 6619:Leyte 6449:Narva 6435:Anzio 6393:Makin 6351:Burma 6235:Torch 6204:Rzhev 6158:Kiska 5244:Korea 5230:Japan 5223:Italy 5105:Tibet 5084:Spain 4955:Italy 4716:Italy 4709:India 4633:China 4508:Japan 4108:Italy 4020:China 3972:Women 3248:(PDF) 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