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Ngenyn

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121:, and remains of cattle, ovicaprids, wild game, and fish. The remains of fish species indicate that the site was also occupied from Nov-Dec and Mar-Apr, which falls within the two rainy seasons the area experiences. Spatial analysis indicated that the area was possibly a 'home base', however, further investigation is needed before this is confirmed. The occupation layer also contained certain features. Occupation 3 was dated to 1970±150 BP and 2080±110 BP. These dates however need to be re-calibrated. 306: 130:
quickly and the archaeology is in danger of being lost. The Ndau river is also cutting deeper into its bank washing away the archaeological material. The excavations at Ngenyn were not extensive, and because of the lack of archaeological work, it is hard to situate it within the wider archaeological context of the Rift Valley and Kenya. More archaeological research into the Late Holocene will be done by the
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Since the 1970s no further research has been done on the archaeology of the Late Holocene in the Baringo District. The area of the archaeological site is currently extensively cultivated and subject to slash-and-burn agriculture. Furthermore, because of the loose silty clay loams the area is eroding
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It is speculated that Occupation 2 was a butchering site or an activity area, however no further work was done to confirm this. The occupation phase was dated to 2020±230 BP and contained stone tools, undecorated pottery, and the remains of ovicaprids, cattle, wild game, fish and rodents. Occupation
54:. The occupied area is situated on the floodplain of the River Ndau's confluence with the Sekutionnen River, on a widespread terrace called the Low Terrace, the top of which is about 3m above the level of the modern river. The site was initially discovered by 112:
Occupation 3 was by far the richest occupation layer. It contained pottery with 5 different types of decoration, which may fit with Akira, Remnant, and Narosura pottery wares from the Pastoral Neolithic period. It also contained some 5000 lithic objects from
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The surface exposure spread over 2ha but the eastern part of the site was completely disturbed by cattle trampling and agriculture. Hivernel dug 13 test trenches, 8 of which proved sterile. Extensive excavations followed revealing three occupation phases.
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Occupation 1 was not dated, but it is presumed to be the oldest occupation phase. Found were basalt stone tools, 3 distinctive pottery decorations, including possibly the earliest record of the
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in 1969. It was visible as a large exposure of bones, stone tools and pottery eroding out of the terrace. The site was excavated in the late 1970s as part of
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Hivernel, Francoise (1983). "Archaeological excavation and ethnoarchaeological interpretation: A case study in Kenya".
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Basin and in general very little archaeological work has been done on the Late Holocene within the
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Analysis of artifact distribution at Ngenyn (Kenya): Depositional and postdepositional effects
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Hivernel, Francoise (1983). "Excavations at Ngenyn (Baringo District, Kenya)".
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An Ethnoarchaeological study of Environmental Use in the Kenya Highlands
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The Archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African History
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Hivernel, Francoise; Hodder, Ian (1984). Hodder, Ian (ed.).
374: 194:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 97–115. 95:, and faunal remains of ovicaprids and wild game. 226:. University of California Press. pp. 120–. 213: 134:Initial Training Network in the following years. 479:Buildings and structures in Rift Valley Province 455: 209:. London: PhD thesis. University College London. 185: 183: 181: 153: 151: 149: 147: 252: 250: 220:Ehret, Cristopher; Posnansky, Merrick (1982). 219: 189: 62:'s PhD research. Ngenyn remains the only Late 288: 178: 144: 124: 16:Archaeological site in Baringo County, Kenya 247: 295: 281: 198: 256: 204: 157: 484:Archaeological sites of Eastern Africa 456: 276: 132:Resilience in East African Landscapes 259:Archaeological Review from Cambridge 30:archaeological site located in the 13: 104:2 also contained a knapping area. 34:River Basin, which is part of the 14: 495: 474:Former populated places in Kenya 304: 107: 98: 86: 77: 1: 464:Archaeological sites in Kenya 310:Archaeological sites in Kenya 137: 205:Hivernel, Francoise (1979). 7: 10: 500: 28:Savanna Pastoral Neolithic 315: 172:10.1080/00672708309511314 125:Current state of the site 66:site excavated in the 42:. It falls within the 395:Manemanya Pillar Site 48:Rift Valley Province 46:(part of the former 350:Kalokol Pillar Site 50:) in north central 60:Francoise Hivernel 448: 447: 233:978-0-520-04593-4 491: 410:Njoro River Cave 360:Kaya (Mijikenda) 325:Enkapune Ya Muto 309: 308: 297: 290: 283: 274: 273: 267: 266: 254: 245: 244: 242: 240: 217: 211: 210: 202: 196: 195: 187: 176: 175: 155: 499: 498: 494: 493: 492: 490: 489: 488: 454: 453: 451: 449: 444: 440:Thimlich Ohinga 345:Jumba la Mtwana 311: 303: 301: 271: 270: 255: 248: 238: 236: 234: 218: 214: 203: 199: 188: 179: 156: 145: 140: 127: 110: 101: 93:Turkwel Culture 89: 80: 17: 12: 11: 5: 497: 487: 486: 481: 476: 471: 469:Baringo County 466: 446: 445: 443: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 420:Panga ya Saidi 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 387: 382: 380:Lothagam North 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 321: 319: 313: 312: 300: 299: 292: 285: 277: 269: 268: 246: 232: 212: 197: 177: 142: 141: 139: 136: 126: 123: 109: 106: 100: 97: 88: 85: 79: 76: 72:Baringo County 44:Baringo County 24:Late Stone Age 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 496: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 461: 459: 452: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 430:Ruins of Gedi 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 322: 320: 318: 314: 307: 298: 293: 291: 286: 284: 279: 278: 275: 264: 260: 253: 251: 235: 229: 225: 224: 216: 208: 201: 193: 186: 184: 182: 173: 169: 165: 161: 154: 152: 150: 148: 143: 135: 133: 122: 120: 116: 105: 96: 94: 84: 75: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 29: 25: 21: 450: 415:Olorgesailie 404: 390:Manda Island 262: 258: 237:. Retrieved 222: 215: 206: 200: 191: 163: 159: 128: 111: 108:Occupation 3 102: 99:Occupation 2 90: 87:Occupation 1 81: 68:Lake Baringo 56:Louis Leakey 40:Lake Baringo 19: 18: 425:Pate Island 265:(2): 27–36. 78:Excavations 36:Tugen Hills 458:Categories 400:Mount Homa 370:Koobi Fora 335:Hyrax Hill 138:References 38:, west of 355:Kapthurin 166:: 45–79. 32:Kapthurin 26:and/or a 330:Enkorika 119:obsidian 64:Holocene 385:Mambrui 365:Kiongwe 405:Ngenyn 340:Ileret 239:19 May 230:  160:Azania 115:basalt 20:Ngenyn 435:Takwa 317:Sites 52:Kenya 22:is a 375:Lamu 241:2013 228:ISBN 117:and 168:doi 460:: 261:. 249:^ 180:^ 164:18 162:. 146:^ 74:. 296:e 289:t 282:v 263:2 243:. 174:. 170::

Index

Late Stone Age
Savanna Pastoral Neolithic
Kapthurin
Tugen Hills
Lake Baringo
Baringo County
Rift Valley Province
Kenya
Louis Leakey
Francoise Hivernel
Holocene
Lake Baringo
Baringo County
Turkwel Culture
basalt
obsidian
Resilience in East African Landscapes




doi
10.1080/00672708309511314



The Archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African History
ISBN
978-0-520-04593-4

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