121:, and remains of cattle, ovicaprids, wild game, and fish. The remains of fish species indicate that the site was also occupied from Nov-Dec and Mar-Apr, which falls within the two rainy seasons the area experiences. Spatial analysis indicated that the area was possibly a 'home base', however, further investigation is needed before this is confirmed. The occupation layer also contained certain features. Occupation 3 was dated to 1970±150 BP and 2080±110 BP. These dates however need to be re-calibrated.
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quickly and the archaeology is in danger of being lost. The Ndau river is also cutting deeper into its bank washing away the archaeological material. The excavations at Ngenyn were not extensive, and because of the lack of archaeological work, it is hard to situate it within the wider archaeological context of the Rift Valley and Kenya. More archaeological research into the Late
Holocene will be done by the
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Since the 1970s no further research has been done on the archaeology of the Late
Holocene in the Baringo District. The area of the archaeological site is currently extensively cultivated and subject to slash-and-burn agriculture. Furthermore, because of the loose silty clay loams the area is eroding
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It is speculated that
Occupation 2 was a butchering site or an activity area, however no further work was done to confirm this. The occupation phase was dated to 2020±230 BP and contained stone tools, undecorated pottery, and the remains of ovicaprids, cattle, wild game, fish and rodents. Occupation
54:. The occupied area is situated on the floodplain of the River Ndau's confluence with the Sekutionnen River, on a widespread terrace called the Low Terrace, the top of which is about 3m above the level of the modern river. The site was initially discovered by
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Occupation 3 was by far the richest occupation layer. It contained pottery with 5 different types of decoration, which may fit with Akira, Remnant, and
Narosura pottery wares from the Pastoral Neolithic period. It also contained some 5000 lithic objects from
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The surface exposure spread over 2ha but the eastern part of the site was completely disturbed by cattle trampling and agriculture. Hivernel dug 13 test trenches, 8 of which proved sterile. Extensive excavations followed revealing three occupation phases.
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Occupation 1 was not dated, but it is presumed to be the oldest occupation phase. Found were basalt stone tools, 3 distinctive pottery decorations, including possibly the earliest record of the
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in 1969. It was visible as a large exposure of bones, stone tools and pottery eroding out of the terrace. The site was excavated in the late 1970s as part of
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Hivernel, Francoise (1983). "Archaeological excavation and ethnoarchaeological interpretation: A case study in Kenya".
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Basin and in general very little archaeological work has been done on the Late
Holocene within the
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Analysis of artifact distribution at Ngenyn (Kenya): Depositional and postdepositional effects
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Hivernel, Francoise (1983). "Excavations at Ngenyn (Baringo
District, Kenya)".
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Hivernel, Francoise; Hodder, Ian (1984). Hodder, Ian (ed.).
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194:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 97–115.
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226:. University of California Press. pp. 120–.
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134:Initial Training Network in the following years.
479:Buildings and structures in Rift Valley Province
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209:. London: PhD thesis. University College London.
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484:Archaeological sites of Eastern Africa
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132:Resilience in East African Landscapes
259:Archaeological Review from Cambridge
30:archaeological site located in the
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104:2 also contained a knapping area.
34:River Basin, which is part of the
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464:Archaeological sites in Kenya
310:Archaeological sites in Kenya
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205:Hivernel, Francoise (1979).
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28:Savanna Pastoral Neolithic
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172:10.1080/00672708309511314
125:Current state of the site
66:site excavated in the
42:. It falls within the
395:Manemanya Pillar Site
48:Rift Valley Province
46:(part of the former
350:Kalokol Pillar Site
50:) in north central
60:Francoise Hivernel
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233:978-0-520-04593-4
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410:Njoro River Cave
360:Kaya (Mijikenda)
325:Enkapune Ya Muto
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237:. Retrieved
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68:Lake Baringo
56:Louis Leakey
40:Lake Baringo
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425:Pate Island
265:(2): 27–36.
78:Excavations
36:Tugen Hills
458:Categories
400:Mount Homa
370:Koobi Fora
335:Hyrax Hill
138:References
38:, west of
355:Kapthurin
166:: 45–79.
32:Kapthurin
26:and/or a
330:Enkorika
119:obsidian
64:Holocene
385:Mambrui
365:Kiongwe
405:Ngenyn
340:Ileret
239:19 May
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160:Azania
115:basalt
20:Ngenyn
435:Takwa
317:Sites
52:Kenya
22:is a
375:Lamu
241:2013
228:ISBN
117:and
168:doi
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