207:. These two farmers of Ainu descent claimed the government had illegally seized their land in February 1989. They believed that the expropriation of their land to build dam violated their rights as Ainu for the protection of their cultural heritage because the dam construction would destroy sacred sites and ritual grounds had not been adequately considered in the forced taking of their lands. At this time, there were no indigenous rights afforded to the Ainu people, as they were not recognised as being indigenous to Japan.
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protects the rights of the individual, and in the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Since the dam was already complete, the 3-judge panel did not nullify the land seizure. However, the decision included extensive fact-finding that underscored the long history of the oppression of the Ainu people by Japan's ethnic majority, referred to as "Wajin" in the case and discussions about the case.
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In a landmark decision by the
Sapporo District Court, Chief Judge Kazuo Ichimiya stated that the Ainu people had established a unique culture in Hokkaido before the arrival of the Japanese and therefore had rights that should have given consideration under Article 13 of Japan's Constitution, which
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Essential
Commodities and Racial Justice: Using Constitutional Protection of Japan’s Indigenous Ainu People to Inform Understandings of the United States and Japan
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Essential
Commodities and Racial Justice: Using Constitutional Protection of Japan’s Indigenous Ainu People to Inform Understandings of the United States and Japan
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324:, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 33, 2001
261:, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 33, 2001
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The building of the dam pitted the
Japanese government against the indigenous
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The Wajin’s
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232:"Nibutani Dam on Ainu homeland, Japan"
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271:Nibutani Dam Decision (Levin trans.)
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311:Nibutani Dam Decision (Levin trans.)
297:, Horitsu Jiho, Vol. 80, No. 2, 2008
291:Nibutani Dam Decision (Levin trans.)
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191:people dating as early as 1987.
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16:Dam in Hokkaidō, Japan.
543:Dams completed in 1997
346:42.6294°N 142.1486°E
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120:Catchment area
111:Total capacity
548:Biratori, Hokkaido
175:, which stands at
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538:Gravity dams
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467:Kuriyama Dam
452:Kanayama Dam
447:Jōzankei Dam
437:Iwamatsu Dam
432:Hōheikyō Dam
427:Taisetsu Dam
422:Chubetsu Dam
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242:. Retrieved
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142:Nibutani Dam
141:
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114:27,100,000 m
22:Nibutani Dam
507:Tokachi Dam
502:Tobetsu Dam
482:Ōyūbari Dam
417:Chitose Dam
349: /
337:142°08′55″E
281:, Art. 13;
195:Controversy
527:Categories
492:Takami Dam
487:Pirika Dam
457:Kanoko Dam
334:42°37′46″N
244:2023-04-10
240:. May 2019
215:References
165:Saru River
124:1,215.0 km
84:Saru River
412:Bibai Dam
402:Asari Dam
106:Reservoir
512:Uryu Dam
472:Muri Dam
181:Biratori
177:Nibutani
169:Hokkaidō
134:hectares
80:Impounds
48:Hokkaidō
40:Biratori
36:Location
305:Sources
163:on the
183:town,
98:Length
90:Height
173:Japan
159:is a
148:二風谷ダム
101:550 m
52:Japan
201:Ainu
189:Ainu
132:400
93:32 m
70:1997
62:1973
179:in
167:in
161:dam
529::
234:.
223:^
171:,
151:,
50:,
46:,
42:,
383:e
376:t
369:v
247:.
157:)
145:(
54:.
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