300:
289:
woman (Agrafina
Magularia). Marr's parents spoke different languages (James spoke English and Agrafina spoke the Gurian dialect of Georgian), and thus could hardly understand each other. When Marr was 8 his father died, leaving the family in difficult circumstances.
293:
In 1874 Marr was accepted into a
Kutaisi boarding school, after his mother successfully secured funding from the local authorities for him. While a good student, Marr was nearly expelled as he was often in conflict with the school administration. He entered
295:
315:
277:). His father, James Montague Marr (1793–1874), was an Englishman of possible Scottish descent who moved to the Caucasus in 1822 to work as a trader, before moving into horticulture, and worked with the
957:
962:
75:
1022:
977:
309:
in 1884, where he specialized in
Caucasian languages, and simultaneously studied Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Syriac, among others. Working under
967:
350:
After a visit to Turkey in 1933 Marr developed influenza, followed several months later by a stroke. He died from complications of these ailments in
413:". After that point Marr's theories were largely abandoned by Soviet linguists, and an emphasis on Russian language research was promoted instead.
937:
310:
972:
762:
1027:
1002:
992:
693:, Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, 1603, University of Pittsburgh Center for Russian & East European Studies
1017:
997:
982:
987:
1012:
691:
Disciplines and
Nations: Niko Marr vs. his Georgian students at Tbilisi State University and the Japhetidology/Caucasology schism
947:
903:
862:
749:
711:
392:
claims to make it possible to discern elements of primordial exclamations in any given language. One of his followers was
410:
942:
840:
380:
languages. In 1924, he went even further and proclaimed that all the languages of the world descended from a single
246:
932:
851:
Russia's Own Orient: The
Politics of Identity and Oriental Studies in the Late Imperial and Early Soviet Periods
952:
266:
215:
147:
17:
1007:
1032:
476:
463:
393:
336:
249:
for smaller ethnicities of the country. In 1950, the "Japhetic theory" fell from official favour, with
872:
703:
306:
166:
854:
238:(from 1924), now considered as pseudo-scientific, and related speculative linguistic hypotheses.
455:
Tristan and Isolda: love of the heroine of feudal Europe to the matriarchal goddess
Afrevrazii
927:
922:
8:
887:
369:
523:
820:
812:
331:
After graduating Marr taught at the university beginning in 1891, becoming dean of the
235:
106:
880:
Exploring the Edge of Empire: Soviet Era
Anthropology in the Caucasus and Central Asia
241:
Marr's hypotheses were used as a rationale in the campaign during the 1920–30s in the
899:
858:
836:
824:
745:
729:
707:
461:
50:
882:, Halle Studies in the Anthropology of Eurasia, Halle: LIT Verlag, pp. 197–214
804:
474:
397:
368:
Marr gained recognition with his
Japhetic theory, postulating the common origin of
332:
278:
64:
758:
377:
363:
231:
833:
Russian
Academicians and the Revolution: Combining Professionalism and Politics
795:(Winter 1996), "N. Ia. Marr and the National Origins of Soviet Ethnogenetics",
381:
274:
110:
388:. Although the languages undergo certain stages of development, his method of
339:
in 1912. Between 1904 and 1917 he undertook yearly excavations at the ancient
916:
792:
344:
250:
733:
425:
373:
242:
132:
321:
223:
816:
492:. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. p. 276.
457:. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. p. 286.
351:
286:
219:
128:
808:
726:
Nikolai
Yakovlevich Marr: Essay on his life and scientific activity
443:
324:. He completed his master's degree in 1899, with his thesis titled
227:
873:"The reception of Marr and Marrism in the Soviet Georgian academy"
340:
270:
254:
102:
503:
The Anticolonial Linguistics of Nikolai Marr: A Critical Reader
405:
218:
25 December 1864] — 20 December 1934) was a Georgian-born
722:Николай Яковлевич Марр: Очерк его жизни и научной деятельности
282:
958:
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1925)
403:
In 1950 Marr's theories were criticized in a discussion in
136:
490:
Description of the Georgian manuscripts of Sinai Monastery
963:
Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
487:
452:
434:
835:, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press,
787:], Cahiers de l'ILSL, No 20, Université de Lausanne
728:] (in Russian), Moscow: Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR,
74:
320:, the head of the department, Marr mainly worked with
744:, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press,
409:, culminating in a June 20, 1950 article by Stalin, "
384:
which had consisted of four "diffused exclamations":
878:, in Mühlfried, Florian; Sokolovsky, Sergey (eds.),
764:
Nikolai Marr - a talk by Donald Rayfield 17 February
426:
Nikolai Yakovlevich Marr, Vardan (Aygektsi) (1899).
526:[Marr, Marrism and Stalinism] (in Russian).
501:Allen, Matthew Carson; Young, Robert (eds., 2024).
470:. State Academy of the History of Material Culture.
914:
505:. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-040-18277-2..
1023:19th-century historians from Georgia (country)
978:20th-century historians from Georgia (country)
688:
205:
42:
195:
56:
27:Georgian ethnologist and linguist (1865–1934)
968:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
781:Un paradigme perdu: la linguistique marriste
444:Jah Gato , Nikolai Yakovlevich Marr (1932).
439:. Type. imp. Akademіi Sciences. p. 240.
428:Collections of proverbs Vartan: Izslѣdovanіe
226:who gained a reputation as a scholar of the
700:Petersburg, Crucible of Cultural Revolution
719:
548:
230:during the 1910s before embarking on his "
73:
886:
584:
582:
580:
892:Les lois du sens: la sémantique marriste
791:
757:
636:
560:
326:The Collection of the Parables of Vardan
739:
672:
660:
554:
14:
938:Archaeologists from the Russian Empire
915:
896:The laws of meaning: Marrist semantics
778:
577:
265:Marr was born on 6 January 1865 [
898:] (in French), Bern: Peter Lang,
870:
697:
571:
848:
830:
785:A Lost Paradigm: Marrist Linguistics
648:
624:
612:
600:
588:
536:
483:. Power to the Soviets. p. 207.
973:Georgian people of Scottish descent
689:Cherchi, M.; Manning, H.P. (2002),
521:
411:Marxism and Problems of Linguistics
24:
1028:Historians from the Russian Empire
742:Stalin and the Soviet Science Wars
357:
335:faculty in 1911 and member of the
25:
1044:
1003:Linguists of Kartvelian languages
993:Linguists from the Russian Empire
488:Nikolai Yakovlevich Marr (1940).
453:Nikolai Yakovlevich Marr (1932).
435:Nikolai Yakovlevich Marr (1910).
1018:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
998:Linguists of Caucasian languages
983:Linguists from Georgia (country)
988:Linguists from the Soviet Union
681:
666:
654:
642:
630:
430:. Type. Imp. akademii Sciences.
416:
396:, and one of his opponents was
296:Department of Oriential Studies
247:introduction of Latin alphabets
1013:People from Kutais Governorate
618:
606:
594:
565:
542:
530:
515:
13:
1:
509:
948:Burials at Kazachye Cemetery
702:, Cambridge, Massachusetts:
273:, Georgia (then part of the
260:
7:
524:"Марр, марризм и сталинизм"
477:Valerian Borisovich Aptekar
464:Valerian Borisovich Aptekar
448:. The Academy. p. 162.
394:Valerian Borisovich Aptekar
337:Russian Academy of Sciences
10:
1049:
767:, British Georgian Society
475:Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr;
462:Nikolai Yakovlevich Marr,
361:
269:25 December 1864] in
943:Armenian studies scholars
720:Mikhankova, V.A. (1949),
285:. His mother was a young
212:Nikoloz Iak'obis dze Mari
206:
196:
185:
177:
172:
162:
157:
153:
143:
117:
84:
79:Nikolai Marr, circa 1930s
72:
57:
43:
41:
34:
779:Sériot, P., ed. (2005),
704:Harvard University Press
698:Clark, Katerina (1995),
307:St Petersburg University
202:Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr
197:Никола́й Я́ковлевич Марр
192:Nikolai Yakovlevich Marr
167:St Petersburg University
89:Nikoloz Iakobis dze Mari
855:Oxford University Press
740:Pollock, Ethan (2006),
390:linguistic paleontology
214:; 6 January 1865 [
207:ნიკოლოზ იაკობის ძე მარი
44:ნიკოლოზ იაკობის ძე მარი
933:20th-century linguists
253:denouncing it as anti-
58:Николай Яковлевич Марр
953:Deaths from influenza
354:on 20 December 1934.
888:Velmezova, Ekaterina
468:Language and Society
1008:People from Kutaisi
849:Tolz, Vera (2005),
831:Tolz, Vera (1997),
386:sal, ber, yon, rosh
158:Academic background
1033:Russian scientists
871:Tuite, K. (2011),
675:, pp. 127–128
481:Collected articles
437:Chan (Laz) Grammar
236:origin of language
107:Kutais Governorate
905:978-3-03911-208-1
864:978-0-19-959444-3
761:(16 March 2015),
751:978-0-691-12467-4
713:978-0-67-466335-0
189:
188:
16:(Redirected from
1040:
908:
883:
877:
867:
845:
827:
788:
775:
774:
772:
759:Rayfield, Donald
754:
736:
716:
694:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
603:, pp. 89–90
598:
592:
586:
575:
569:
563:
558:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
527:
519:
493:
484:
471:
458:
449:
440:
431:
421:Selected works:
398:Arnold Chikobava
319:
304:
209:
208:
199:
198:
124:
121:20 December 1934
99:25 December 1864
98:
96:
77:
68:
60:
59:
54:
46:
45:
32:
31:
21:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1037:
913:
912:
911:
906:
875:
865:
843:
809:10.2307/2501240
770:
768:
752:
714:
684:
679:
671:
667:
659:
655:
647:
643:
635:
631:
623:
619:
611:
607:
599:
595:
587:
578:
570:
566:
559:
555:
549:Mikhankova 1949
547:
543:
535:
531:
520:
516:
512:
419:
374:Semitic-Hamitic
366:
364:Japhetic theory
360:
358:Japhetic theory
313:
298:
263:
232:Japhetic theory
148:Japhetic theory
139:
126:
122:
113:
100:
94:
92:
91:
90:
80:
62:
55:
48:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1046:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
910:
909:
904:
884:
868:
863:
846:
841:
828:
803:(4): 826–862,
793:Slezkine, Yuri
789:
776:
755:
750:
737:
717:
712:
695:
685:
683:
680:
678:
677:
665:
653:
641:
629:
617:
605:
593:
576:
564:
553:
541:
529:
522:Alpatov, V.M.
513:
511:
508:
507:
506:
497:Translations:
495:
494:
485:
472:
459:
450:
441:
432:
418:
415:
382:proto-language
362:Main article:
359:
356:
279:Gurieli family
275:Russian Empire
262:
259:
187:
186:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
155:
154:
151:
150:
145:
144:Known for
141:
140:
127:
125:(aged 69)
119:
115:
114:
111:Russian Empire
101:
88:
86:
82:
81:
78:
70:
69:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1045:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
918:
907:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
874:
869:
866:
860:
856:
852:
847:
844:
842:0-333-69811-8
838:
834:
829:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:Slavic Review
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
766:
765:
760:
756:
753:
747:
743:
738:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
715:
709:
705:
701:
696:
692:
687:
686:
674:
669:
663:, p. 123
662:
657:
650:
645:
639:, p. 852
638:
637:Slezkine 1996
633:
626:
621:
614:
609:
602:
597:
590:
585:
583:
581:
574:, p. 216
573:
568:
562:
561:Rayfield 2015
557:
550:
545:
538:
533:
525:
518:
514:
504:
500:
499:
498:
491:
486:
482:
478:
473:
469:
465:
460:
456:
451:
447:
442:
438:
433:
429:
424:
423:
422:
414:
412:
408:
407:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
365:
355:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
317:
312:
308:
302:
297:
291:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
258:
256:
252:
251:Joseph Stalin
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
203:
193:
184:
180:
176:
173:Academic work
171:
168:
165:
161:
156:
152:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
87:
83:
76:
71:
66:
52:
40:
33:
30:
19:
18:Nicholas Marr
895:
891:
879:
850:
832:
800:
796:
784:
780:
769:, retrieved
763:
741:
725:
721:
699:
690:
682:Bibliography
673:Pollock 2006
668:
661:Pollock 2006
656:
651:, p. 93
644:
632:
627:, p. 96
620:
615:, p. 90
608:
596:
591:, p. 89
567:
556:
544:
539:, p. 89
532:
517:
502:
496:
489:
480:
467:
454:
445:
436:
427:
420:
417:Publications
404:
402:
389:
385:
367:
349:
330:
325:
311:Viktor Rosen
292:
264:
243:Soviet Union
240:
211:
201:
191:
190:
133:Russian SFSR
123:(1934-12-20)
36:Nikolai Marr
29:
928:1934 deaths
923:1865 births
551:, p. 6
343:capital of
322:manuscripts
314: [
299: [
181:Linguistics
917:Categories
853:, Oxford:
572:Clark 1995
510:References
178:Discipline
95:1864-12-25
825:163569693
771:4 October
649:Tolz 1997
625:Tolz 1997
613:Tolz 2005
601:Tolz 1997
589:Tolz 1997
537:Tolz 1997
370:Caucasian
352:Leningrad
261:Biography
234:" on the
220:historian
163:Education
129:Leningrad
890:(2007),
734:70250730
479:(1936).
466:(1934).
341:Armenian
333:Oriental
287:Georgian
228:Caucasus
224:linguist
51:Georgian
817:2501240
271:Kutaisi
255:Marxist
103:Kutaisi
65:Russian
902:
861:
839:
823:
815:
748:
732:
710:
406:Pravda
378:Basque
376:, and
61:
47:
894:[
876:(PDF)
821:S2CID
813:JSTOR
783:[
724:[
446:Amran
318:]
303:]
283:Guria
900:ISBN
859:ISBN
837:ISBN
773:2015
746:ISBN
730:OCLC
708:ISBN
267:O.S.
222:and
216:O.S.
137:USSR
118:Died
85:Born
805:doi
345:Ani
305:at
281:of
245:of
919::
857:,
819:,
811:,
801:55
799:,
706:,
579:^
400:.
372:,
347:.
328:.
316:ru
301:ru
257:.
210:,
204:;
200:,
135:,
131:,
109:,
105:,
807::
194:(
97:)
93:(
67:)
63:(
53:)
49:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.