902:
566:
338:
According to Söderqvist, Tjek, 35, was distraught when she found out that Niels was having an affair with her best friend, Adda
Sundsig-Hansen. Tjek had confided in Adda about her own affairs, and Adda had told Neils about them too. Niels demanded a divorce. Tjek begged him to stay. After he refused,
173:
Jerne is known for three significant ideas. Firstly, instead of the body producing antibodies in response to an antigen, Jerne postulated that the immune system already has the specific antibodies it needs to fight antigens. Secondly, it was known that the immune system learns to be tolerant to the
309:
According to Jerne's biographer Thomas Söderqvist, Jerne was not a bench scientist, could not pipette accurately, and did not enjoy experimental work. His Nobel Prize was awarded for theories, rather than discoveries. Jerne developed the "natural selection theory of immunology", proposed by
848:
339:
she killed herself. Ivar woke up in the morning, smelled gas, and found his mother dead by the oven. Jerne reportedly treated his second wife like a servant and nanny. He was serially unfaithful to his wives.
334:
Jerne was married three times. He had two sons, Ivar Jerne (born 1936) and Donald Jerne (born 1941), with Tjek Jerne, a painter. Jerne had a third son, Andreas
Wettstein, with Gertrud Wettstein, in 1971.
860:
33:
3077:
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944:
174:
individual's own self. Jerne postulated that this learning takes place in the thymus. Thirdly, it was known that T cells and B cells communicate with each other.
3067:
181:) and to other antibodies that bind to the same site. The antibodies are in balance, until an antigen disturbs the balance, stimulating an immune reaction.
2504:
462:
427:
937:
3082:
3072:
2770:
3032:
953:
3027:
930:
166:"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of
3022:
408:
268:
708:
2445:
2434:
2419:
2400:
418:
354:
3102:
2907:
509:
3097:
3017:
98:
3087:
2763:
3047:
2876:
957:
692:
542:
401:
155:
110:
637:"He put the Id in Idiotype; book review of Science As Autobiography The Troubled Life of Niels Jerne by Thomas Söderqvist"
3037:
3092:
2487:
2986:
2981:
2976:
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2966:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2756:
283:
2317:
3042:
2333:
1598:
287:
1510:
505:
2812:
2596:
1025:
299:
2049:
2408:
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2236:
177:
Jerne's network theory proposed that the active sites of antibodies are attracted to both specific antigens (
2547:
2518:
1957:
389:
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1160:
922:
147:
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In 1966 Jerne moved back to Europe and took up the position of
Professor of Experimental Therapy at the
3062:
1937:
1718:
2808:
1678:
1494:
1246:
1222:
272:
252:
1017:
302:
until his retirement in 1980. During the 1970s and 1980s, Jerne was a pioneer in the development of
212:, Jerne moved to Copenhagen and changed his studies to the field of medicine. He graduated from the
2789:
1801:
377:
260:
213:
433:
236:
formation. It is said that Jerne got his revolutionary scientific idea while bicycling across the
216:
with a degree in medicine in 1947. Four years later, he was awarded the doctorate for his thesis,
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2797:
2706:
2628:
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1474:
826:
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1913:
1302:
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2851:
2480:
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1797:
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1439:
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229:
1411:
680:
532:
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1817:
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1431:
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1202:
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formation theory gave Jerne international recognition and in 1956 Jerne went to work for the
167:
85:
1630:
1423:
1085:
681:"Ch. 9, "Letters are a Spiritual Spiderweb in Which you Snare the Dreaming Soul of a Woman""
3012:
3007:
2557:
2552:
1941:
1925:
1869:
1730:
1490:
1486:
1478:
761:
605:
Dubiski, S. (10 March 2004). "Science as
Autobiography: The Troubled Life of Niels Jerne".
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104:
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8:
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2073:
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1965:
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A Study of
Avidity Based on Rabbit Skin Responses to Diphtheria Toxin-Antitoxin Mixtures
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in Geneva, where he served as the Head of the
Sections of Biological Standards and of
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for centuries, but in 1910 his parents moved to London, where Jerne was born in 1911.
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2009:
1989:
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209:
65:
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1977:
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656:
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614:
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457:
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50 years earlier, although he was missing the clonal selection element proposed by
2732:
2337:
2097:
869:
Dubiski, S. (2004). "Science as
Autobiography: The Troubled Life of Niels Jerne".
2412:
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2168:
2045:
1949:
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2013:
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1829:
1813:
1726:
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1318:
1266:
1144:
1077:
754:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
652:
579:
460:; Howard, J. G. (1997). "Niels Kaj Jerne. 23 December 1911 – 7 October 1994".
3001:
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1606:
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1534:
1502:
1379:
1069:
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916:
882:
618:
315:
259:. He held this post for six years until moving to the United States and the
32:
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2001:
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952:
896:
817:
560:
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2601:
2289:
2204:
2200:
2113:
2089:
1997:
1662:
1458:
1375:
1005:
997:
981:
534:
Portrait of the Immune System: Scientific
Publications of Niels Kaj Jerne
201:
2140:
1399:
1347:
1294:
276:
256:
241:
131:
2613:
2542:
2341:
1893:
291:
205:
2136:
248:
237:
233:
178:
2495:
190:
295:
3078:
Members of the Royal Danish
Academy of Sciences and Letters
910:
Interviews with Nobel Prize winning scientists: Niels Jerne
424:
Foreign Member of the American Philosophical Society (1979)
286:
in Frankfurt. From 1966 to 1969 he was the Director of the
828:
Nobel lecture: The Generative Grammar of the Immune System
322:. It was met by skepticism among his colleagues at first,
804:(1974). "Towards a network theory of the immune system".
685:
Science as Autobiography: The Troubled Life of Niels Jern
326:
for example told Jerne bluntly that his theory "stinks".
3053:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
189:
His ancestors had lived on the small Danish island of
871:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
607:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
228:
From 1943 to 1956 Jerne was a research worker at the
747:"The Natural-Selection Theory of Antibody Formation"
463:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
572:
428:
Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1980
271:for four years. Jerne continued to do work for the
678:
580:"Niels Jerne – Explaining the Human Immune System"
294:. In 1969 Jerne again switched jobs, this time to
859:, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.: 173–174, archived from
298:in Switzerland, where he was the Director of the
150:(23 December 1911 – 7 October 1994) was a Danish
2999:
232:and during this time he formulated a theory on
2778:
530:
208:. After studying physics for two years at the
3068:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2764:
2481:
938:
456:
409:Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters
275:as a member of the Expert Advisory Panel of
184:
2771:
2757:
2488:
2474:
945:
931:
900:
564:
556:
554:
355:Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize
31:
3083:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
3073:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
783:
773:
660:
630:
628:
510:The American Association of Immunologists
3033:Danish expatriates in the United Kingdom
846:
361:He was awarded honorary doctorates from
868:
634:
604:
551:
99:Gairdner Foundation International Award
3000:
625:
537:. World Scientific. pp. 745–748.
3028:Danish expatriates in the Netherlands
2752:
2469:
958:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
926:
849:"Niels Jerne, Immunologist 1911–1994"
824:
800:
741:
674:
672:
635:Yewdell, Jonathan W. (October 2003).
452:
450:
402:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
342:
223:
156:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
111:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
3023:British emigrants to the Netherlands
13:
669:
447:
14:
3114:
890:
284:Johann Wolfgang Goethe University
3103:University of Pittsburgh faculty
263:in 1962 to work as Professor of
3098:University of Copenhagen alumni
915:. Video of an interviewed with
735:
400:Foreign Honorary Member of the
230:Danish National Serum Institute
16:Danish immunologist (1911–1994)
3018:20th-century Danish physicians
701:
598:
524:
498:
329:
300:Basel Institute for Immunology
1:
3088:Paul Ehrlich Institute people
713:www.scandinavianimmunology.nu
440:
204:and Jerne spent his youth in
3048:Fellows of the Royal Society
419:National Academy of Sciences
390:Erasmus University Rotterdam
7:
2050:Christiane NĂĽsslein-Volhard
679:Soderqvist, Thomas (2008).
244:on his way home from work.
200:, his parents moved to the
10:
3119:
3038:Danish medical researchers
569:, accessed 11 October 2020
414:SSI Honorary Member (1970)
269:Department of Microbiology
3093:Physicians from Rotterdam
2925:
2906:
2899:(Great Britain/Argentina)
2875:
2850:
2831:
2807:
2788:
2725:
2511:
2123:
1788:
1449:
1247:Charles Scott Sherrington
1223:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
1185:
964:
687:. Yale University Press.
653:10.1038/sj.embor.embor951
417:Foreign Associate of the
273:World Health Organization
253:World Health Organization
185:Early years and education
137:
127:
120:
91:
81:
73:
54:
42:
30:
23:
2237:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
883:10.1001/jama.291.10.1267
619:10.1001/jama.291.10.1267
378:University of Copenhagen
261:University of Pittsburgh
214:University of Copenhagen
2798:Robert Bruce Merrifield
2707:Walter Thompson Welford
847:Hoffmann, G.W. (1994),
531:Ivan Lefkovits (1996).
320:Frank Macfarlane Burnet
279:from 1962 and onwards.
37:Niels Kaj Jerne in 1950
3043:Danish Nobel laureates
2931:Nobel Prize recipients
2877:Physiology or Medicine
1018:Santiago RamĂłn y Cajal
919:. Duration 37 minutes.
775:10.1073/pnas.41.11.849
506:"Niels K. Jerne, M.D."
476:10.1098/rsbm.1997.0013
2564:F. Gerard Friedlander
1519:Dickinson W. Richards
1203:Julius Wagner-Jauregg
806:Annales d'immunologie
434:Académie des Sciences
366:University of Chicago
304:immune network theory
288:Paul-Ehrlich-Institut
168:monoclonal antibodies
86:Monoclonal antibodies
2891:Georges J. F. Köhler
1942:Rita Levi-Montalcini
1303:Albert Szent-Györgyi
913:, BBC, 25 April 1987
825:Jerne, N.K. (1984),
349:Marcel Benoist Prize
267:and Chairman of the
160:Georges J. F. Köhler
105:Marcel Benoist Prize
2702:Lawrence Weiskrantz
2334:William C. Campbell
2245:Elizabeth Blackburn
2082:Robert F. Furchgott
2074:Stanley B. Prusiner
2066:Rolf M. Zinkernagel
1966:George H. Hitchings
1930:Joseph L. Goldstein
1890:Bengt I. Samuelsson
1719:Earl Sutherland Jr.
766:1955PNAS...41..849J
396:He was a member of
384:University of Basel
372:Columbia University
2866:Simon van der Meer
2738:Philip W. Anderson
2525:Zbigniew Basinski
2394:William Kaelin Jr.
2390:Peter J. Ratcliffe
2133:Leland H. Hartwell
2022:Richard J. Roberts
1902:Barbara McClintock
1846:Godfrey Hounsfield
1747:Nikolaas Tinbergen
1679:Marshall Nirenberg
1647:Charles B. Huggins
1436:Tadeusz Reichstein
1424:AntĂłnio Egas Moniz
1219:Christiaan Eijkman
899:on Nobelprize.org
719:on 10 October 2017
709:"Honorary Members"
586:. 23 December 2017
563:on Nobelprize.org
343:Awards and honours
224:Research positions
3063:Medical educators
2995:
2994:
2908:Economic Sciences
2746:
2745:
2680:Louis Siminovitch
2463:
2462:
2428:Ardem Patapoutian
2277:Ralph M. Steinman
2273:Jules A. Hoffmann
2261:Robert G. Edwards
2229:Harald zur Hausen
2153:H. Robert Horvitz
2054:Eric F. Wieschaus
1990:E. Donnall Thomas
1974:J. Michael Bishop
1962:Gertrude B. Elion
1834:Hamilton O. Smith
1759:Christian de Duve
1495:Frederick Robbins
1372:Alexander Fleming
1311:Corneille Heymans
1157:Frederick Banting
1062:Allvar Gullstrand
877:(10): 1267–1268.
863:on 6 October 2014
694:978-0-300-12871-0
613:(10): 1267–1268.
544:978-981-02-2614-5
210:Leiden University
141:
140:
122:Scientific career
66:Castillon-du-Gard
3110:
2933:
2824:(Czechoslovakia)
2822:Jaroslav Seifert
2773:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2697:Grenville Turner
2645:Montague Pennell
2608:Anthony Laughton
2490:
2483:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2456:
2441:
2430:
2415:
2409:Michael Houghton
2396:
2386:Gregg L. Semenza
2380:
2374:James P. Allison
2368:
2366:Michael W. Young
2352:
2350:Yoshinori Ohsumi
2344:
2328:
2312:
2310:Thomas C. SĂĽdhof
2296:
2284:
2263:
2255:
2249:Carol W. Greider
2239:
2223:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2171:
2159:
2143:
2116:
2100:
2092:
2076:
2068:
2062:Peter C. Doherty
2056:
2040:
2034:Alfred G. Gilman
2028:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1978:Harold E. Varmus
1968:
1952:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1904:
1896:
1880:
1864:
1854:Baruj Benacerraf
1848:
1836:
1820:
1804:
1781:
1765:
1749:
1733:
1721:
1713:
1697:
1681:
1671:Robert W. Holley
1665:
1649:
1637:
1621:
1609:
1593:
1577:
1575:Georg von Békésy
1569:
1557:
1545:
1543:Joshua Lederberg
1529:
1521:
1515:Werner Forssmann
1505:
1497:
1481:
1469:
1461:
1442:
1426:
1414:
1406:
1404:Bernardo Houssay
1390:
1382:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1285:
1277:
1261:
1253:
1241:
1233:
1231:Karl Landsteiner
1225:
1213:
1205:
1197:
1195:Johannes Fibiger
1178:
1177:
1171:
1169:Willem Einthoven
1163:
1151:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1034:Élie Metchnikoff
1028:
1026:Alphonse Laveran
1020:
1008:
1000:
992:
984:
976:
947:
940:
933:
924:
923:
914:
904:
886:
864:
853:Vaccine Research
842:
841:
839:
834:, Nobelprize.org
833:
821:
812:(1–2): 373–389.
797:
787:
777:
751:
729:
728:
726:
724:
715:. Archived from
705:
699:
698:
676:
667:
666:
664:
632:
623:
622:
602:
596:
595:
593:
591:
576:
570:
568:
561:"Niels K. Jerne"
558:
549:
548:
528:
522:
521:
519:
517:
502:
496:
495:
454:
154:. He shared the
61:
46:23 December 1911
35:
21:
20:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3107:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2929:
2921:
2918:(Great Britain)
2902:
2885:Niels Kaj Jerne
2871:
2846:
2827:
2803:
2800:(United States)
2784:
2777:
2747:
2742:
2721:
2619:Anthony Leggett
2597:William Jarrett
2519:Muhammad Akhtar
2507:
2494:
2464:
2459:
2444:
2433:
2418:
2413:Charles M. Rice
2405:Harvey J. Alter
2399:
2383:
2371:
2362:Michael Rosbash
2358:Jeffrey C. Hall
2355:
2347:
2331:
2322:May-Britt Moser
2315:
2299:
2294:Shinya Yamanaka
2287:
2266:
2258:
2253:Jack W. Szostak
2242:
2226:
2221:Oliver Smithies
2210:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2169:Peter Mansfield
2162:
2157:John E. Sulston
2146:
2130:
2119:
2103:
2095:
2079:
2071:
2059:
2046:Edward B. Lewis
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1955:
1950:Susumu Tonegawa
1947:
1935:
1923:
1907:
1899:
1883:
1867:
1851:
1839:
1823:
1810:Roger Guillemin
1807:
1802:Daniel Gajdusek
1798:Baruch Blumberg
1795:
1784:
1775:Renato Dulbecco
1771:David Baltimore
1768:
1752:
1739:Karl von Frisch
1736:
1724:
1716:
1700:
1684:
1668:
1659:Haldan Hartline
1652:
1640:
1624:
1612:
1596:
1591:Maurice Wilkins
1580:
1572:
1560:
1555:Arthur Kornberg
1548:
1532:
1524:
1508:
1500:
1484:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1445:
1429:
1417:
1409:
1393:
1385:
1369:
1360:Joseph Erlanger
1357:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1300:
1288:
1280:
1264:
1256:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1216:
1211:Charles Nicolle
1208:
1200:
1192:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1075:
1067:
1059:
1054:Albrecht Kossel
1051:
1043:
1031:
1023:
1011:
1003:
995:
987:
979:
971:
960:
951:
907:
893:
837:
835:
831:
760:(11): 849–857.
749:
738:
733:
732:
722:
720:
707:
706:
702:
695:
677:
670:
633:
626:
603:
599:
589:
587:
578:
577:
573:
559:
552:
545:
529:
525:
515:
513:
504:
503:
499:
455:
448:
443:
345:
332:
226:
198:First World War
187:
144:Niels Kaj Jerne
116:
69:
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1914:Georges Köhler
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891:External links
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58:7 October 1994
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2018:
2015:
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316:David Talmage
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158:in 1984 with
157:
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119:
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97:
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41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2961:
2884:
2860:Carlo Rubbia
2841:Desmond Tutu
2692:Walter Spear
2684:
2672:
2655:
2651:George Radda
2643:
2629:Tony Linnane
2606:
2591:Kenneth Jack
2589:
2562:
2553:Phil Elliott
2530:
2523:
2439:Svante Pääbo
2424:David Julius
2378:Tasuku Honjo
2326:Edvard Moser
2318:John O'Keefe
2281:posthumously
2280:
2217:Martin Evans
2193:Robin Warren
2177:Richard Axel
2124:2001–present
2002:Bert Sakmann
1909:
1870:Roger Sperry
1862:George Snell
1858:Jean Dausset
1826:Werner Arber
1779:Howard Temin
1703:Bernard Katz
1687:Max DelbrĂĽck
1643:Francis Rous
1619:Feodor Lynen
1615:Konrad Bloch
1603:Alan Hodgkin
1587:James Watson
1563:Frank Burnet
1551:Severo Ochoa
1539:Edward Tatum
1527:Daniel Bovet
1440:Philip Hench
1352:Edward Doisy
1283:Hans Spemann
1271:George Minot
1251:Edgar Adrian
1239:Otto Warburg
1161:John Macleod
1130:August Krogh
1122:Jules Bordet
1038:Paul Ehrlich
990:Niels Finsen
974:Emil Behring
909:
874:
870:
861:the original
856:
852:
836:, retrieved
827:
809:
805:
802:Jerne, N. K.
801:
757:
753:
743:Jerne, N. K.
742:
736:Bibliography
721:. Retrieved
717:the original
712:
703:
684:
644:
640:
610:
606:
600:
588:. Retrieved
583:
574:
533:
526:
514:. Retrieved
508:
500:
467:
461:
395:
360:
337:
333:
324:James Watson
318:and then by
312:Paul Ehrlich
308:
281:
265:Microbiology
246:
227:
217:
195:
188:
176:
172:
152:immunologist
143:
142:
121:
60:(1994-10-07)
18:
3013:1994 deaths
3008:1911 births
2781:Nobel Prize
2602:Niels Jerne
2532:Dick Bishop
2290:John Gurdon
2205:Craig Mello
2201:Andrew Fire
2114:Eric Kandel
2090:Ferid Murad
1998:Erwin Neher
1910:Niels Jerne
1675:Har Khorana
1663:George Wald
1631:André Lwoff
1599:John Eccles
1487:John Enders
1459:Max Theiler
1420:Walter Hess
1412:Paul MĂĽller
1376:Ernst Chain
1046:Emil Kocher
1006:Robert Koch
998:Ivan Pavlov
982:Ronald Ross
723:11 February
647:(10): 931.
330:Family life
202:Netherlands
196:During the
74:Nationality
3002:Categories
2809:Literature
2141:Paul Nurse
1475:Hans Krebs
1400:Gerty Cori
1348:Henrik Dam
1295:Otto Loewi
1291:Henry Dale
584:SciHi Blog
516:27 October
441:References
290:, also in
277:Immunology
257:Immunology
242:Copenhagen
240:bridge in
132:Immunology
49:London, UK
2893:(Germany)
2887:(Denmark)
2790:Chemistry
2783:laureates
2614:Dick Laws
2543:Paul Cohn
2342:Tu Youyou
1894:John Vane
1789:1976–2000
1450:1951–1975
1396:Carl Cori
1186:1926–1950
965:1901–1925
954:Laureates
292:Frankfurt
206:Rotterdam
179:idiotypes
2503:elected
2137:Tim Hunt
794:16589759
745:(1955).
641:EMBO Rep
492:45810507
484:11619977
249:antibody
238:Langebro
234:antibody
68:, France
2862:(Italy)
2852:Physics
2726:Foreign
2512:Fellows
2505:in 1980
2499:of the
2497:Fellows
956:of the
818:4142565
762:Bibcode
662:1326409
590:21 June
470:: 237.
2384:2019:
2372:2018:
2356:2017:
2348:2016:
2332:2015:
2316:2014:
2300:2013:
2288:2012:
2267:2011:
2259:2010:
2243:2009:
2227:2008:
2211:2007:
2199:2006:
2187:2005:
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832:(PDF)
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