1649:
transposition. I adopted this presumed identity as extremely probable, and
Colonel Chesney (ii. 223) has done the same, not as an established fact, but as a presumed identity. ... In 1846, Colonel Rawlinson, speaking of Nimrud, noticed it as probably the Rehoboth of Scripture, but he added in a note, 'I have no reason for identifying it with Rehoboth, beyond its evident antiquity, and the attribution of Resen and Calah to other sites.' (Journal of Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol. x. p. 26.) At this time Colonel Rawlinson identified Calah with Holwan or Sir Pul-i-Zohab, and Resen, or Dasen, with Yasin Teppeh in the plain of Sharizur in Kurdistan. In 1849 (Journ. of Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol. xi. p. 10), Colonel Rawlinson said, 'The Arabic geographers always give the title of Athur to the great ruined capital near the mouth of the Upper Zab. The ruins are now usually known by the name of Nimrud. It would seem highly probable that they represent the Calah of Genesis, for the Samaritan Pentateuch names this city Lachisa, which is evidently the same title as the Λάρισσα of Xenophon, the Persian r being very usually replaced both in Median and Babylonian by a guttural.' In 1850 (Journ. of Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol. xii.). Colonel Rawlinson added the discovery of a cuneiform inscription bearing the title Levekh, which he reads Halukh. 'Nimrud', says the distinguished palaeographist, 'the great treasure-house which has furnished us with all the most remarkable specimens of Assyrian sculpture, although very probably forming one of that group of cities, which in the time of the prophet Jonas, were known by the common name of Nineveh, has no claim, itself, I think, to that particular appellation. The title by which it is designated on the bricks and slabs that form its buildings, I read doubtfully as Levekh, and I suspect this to be the original form of the name which appears as Calah in Genesis, and Halah in Kings and Chronicles, and which indeed, as the capital of Calachene, must needs have occupied some site in the Immediate vicinity.' Lastly, in 1853 (Journ. of Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol. xv. p. vi. et seq.), Colonel Rawlinson describes the remarkable cylinder before alluded to as found at Kilah Shirgat, which establishes that site to have been the most ancient capital of the Assyrian empire, and to have been called Assur as well as Nimrud and Nineveh Proper. This Assur, we have seen, he identifies with the Tel Assur of the Targums, which is used for the Mosaic Resen; and instead, therefore, of Resen being between Nineveh and Calah, It should be Calah, which was between Nineveh and Resen. But, notwithstanding such very high authority, the conclusion thus arrived at does not appear to be perfectly satisfactory."
1697:
of
Rehoboth, mentioned in Genesis x. 11. It is evident from the sculptures which have been discovered at Nimroud, that these mounds were in ancient days occupied by some large Assyrian city. Major Rawlinson, in his interesting paper on Assyrian Antiquities, quoted in the Athenceum of January 26, 1850, assumes that the ruins of Nimroud represent the old city of Calah, or Halah, while he places Nineveh at Nebbi Yunas. Yet it appears likely that the ancient Calah, or Halah, which was probably the capital of the district of Calachene, must have been nearer to the Kurdish Mountains. Ptolemy mentions the province of Calachene as bounded on the north by the Mountains of Armenia, and on the south by the district of Adiabene. Most writers place Ninus, or Nineveh, within the latter province. But if so, Adiabene would include also Nimroud, and, therefore, it is not probable that Halah, or Calah, could have occupied the site indicated by Major Rawlinson. St. Ephraim, himself a learned Syrian and well acquainted with the history and geography of the East, considers Calah to be the modern Hatareh, a large town inhabited chiefly by Yezidees, and situated N.N.W. of Nineveh. Between Hatareh and the site of Nineveh we find a village bearing the name of Ras el Ain, which is evidently a corrupted form of the Resen of Genesis. It is worthy of remark that this theory confirms the statement made in Genesis x. 12, where Resen is represented as occupying a midway position between Calah and Nineveh. But assuming Major Rawlinson's hypothesis to be correct, it is clear that there would be no room for a large city between Nebbi Yunas and Nimroud, a distance of, at most, 40 kilometres (25 mi). Nor is it certain that the latter may be considered as the site of the Larissa of Xenophon. A considerable interval must have taken place between the passage of the river Zab by the
1337:
1498:
1482:
1314:
1533:
1702:
of
Xenophon was the Hazir, or Bumadas, after passing which, the Ten Thousand marched in a north-westerly direction past the modern village of Kermalis to the Tigris. At a short distance from the latter they encountered a ruined city, which Xenophon terms Larissa, and which occupied probably the site of the modern Ras el Ain. The village known by this name is about 19 kilometres (12 mi) from the Tigris, but the ancient city may have been much nearer. Both Ptolemy and Ammianus Marcellinus mention a city situated at the mouth of the Zab, on precisely the same site as that occupied by the mounds of Nimroud, which they term Birtha, or Virtha. But Birtha, or Britha, in Chaldee, signifies the same as Rehoboth in Hebrew, namely, wide squares or streets, an identity in name which seems to imply also an identity in locality. It appears likely, therefore, that Nimroud is the same as Rehoboth, which it is said Asshur founded after his departure from the land of Shinar."
1514:
857:
921:
1276:
59:
1175:. In November 2016, aerial photographs showed the systematic leveling of the Ziggurat by heavy machines. On 13 November 2016, the Iraqi Army recaptured the city from ISIL. The Joint Operations Command stated that it had raised the Iraqi flag above its buildings and also captured the Assyrian village of Numaniya, on the edge of the town. By the time Nimrud was retaken, around 90% of the excavated part of the city had been destroyed entirely. Every major structure had been damaged, the Ziggurat of Nimrud had been flattened, only a few scattered broken walls remained of the palace of Ashurnasirpal II, the Lamassu that once guarded its gates had been smashed and scattered across the landscape.
1427:
1392:
969:
625:
1376:
1408:
1234:
1360:
869:
permission of the Iraqi excavation team, had the whole site documented on film—in slide film and black-and-white print film. Every relief that remained in situ, as well as the fallen, broken pieces that were distributed in the rooms across the site were photographed. Meuszyński also arranged with the architect of his project, Richard P. Sobolewski, to survey the site and record it in plan and in elevation. As a result, the entire relief compositions were reconstructed, taking into account the presumed location of the fragments that were scattered around the world.
1257:
1556:
119:
91:
1443:
1295:
1463:
1687:
platform is the large village of Nimrod, sometimes called
Deraweish. The Turks generally believe this to have been Nimrod's own city; and one or two of the better informed with whom I conversed at Mousul said it was Al Athur or Ashur, from which the whole country was denominated. It is curious that the villagers of Deraweish still consider Nimrod as their founder. The village story-tellers have a book they call the "Kisseh Nimrod," or Tales of Nimrod, with which they entertain the peasants on a winter night. "
84:
1086:
946:. This involved loading them onto a wheeled cart. They were lowered with a complex system of pulleys and levers operated by dozens of men. The cart was towed by 300 men. He initially tried to hook up the cart to a team of buffalo and have them haul it. However the buffalo refused to move. Then they were loaded onto a barge which required 600 goatskins and sheepskins to keep it afloat. After arriving in London a ramp was built to haul them up the steps and into the museum on rollers.
112:
2011:
buildings had they been carefully examined, a task which I could not now step aside from the road to execute. The Nimrod-Tuppé has a tradition attached to it, of a palace having been built there by Nimrod; and the Shah-Tuppé is said by some to have been a pleasure-house; by others, to be the grave of an
Eastern monarch, coming on a pilgrimage to Mecca from India, who, being pleased with the beauty of the situation, halted here to take up his abode, and ended his days on the spot.
1615:: : "Bei Nimrud, einem verfallenen Castell etwa 8 Stunden von Mosul, findet man ein merkwürdigeres Werk. Hier ist von beiden Ufern ein Damm in den Tiger gebaut, um so viel Wasser zurück zu halten, als nöthig ist, die benachbarten Ländereien zu wässern." / : At Nimrud, a dilapidated castle about 8 hours outside of Mosul, one finds a more remarkable work. Here are both banks of a dam built in the Tigris to hold back as much water as is necessary to water the neighbouring lands."
608:
3192:
897:
399:
1790:, p.923, "Nimrud": "At the present day the site is known only as Nimrud, which so far as I know first appears in Niebuhr (1778, p. 355, 368). When this, now the usual, name arose is unknown; I consider it to be of modern origin ... names like Nimrod, Tell Nimrod, etc. are not found in the geographical nomenclature of Mesopotamia and the Iraq in the Middle Ages, while they are several times met with at the present day."
1497:
805:
1313:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1092:
1532:
1701:
and their arrival at the Tigris. It is expressly mentioned that they forded a mountain stream, which seems to have been of some width, soon after they had passed over the Zab. But no vestige of any stream of this kind appears between
Nimroud and the Tigris. It is probable, therefore, that the Χαραδρα
1696:
Fletcher (1850, p.75-78) described his thesis as follows: "The Tell of
Nimroud and its lately discovered treasures have excited so much interest that I trust I may be pardoned if I interrupt the course of the narrative to bestow a few remarks on the identity of this site with that of the ancient city
1194:
As of 2020, archaeologists from the Nimrud Rescue
Project have carried out two seasons of work at the site, training native Iraqi archaeologists on protecting heritage and helping preserve the remains. Plans for reconstruction and tourism are in the works but will likely not be implemented within the
1089:
1720:
expressly states, that they were those of the city of the
Assyrian kings who destroyed Jerusalem. They are still called, as it has been shown, both Athur and Nimroud. The evidence afforded by the examination of all the known ruins of Assyria, further identifies Nimroud with Nineveh. It would appear
1711:
Layard, Nineveh and its
Remains, "That the ruins at Nimroud were within the precincts of Nineveh, if they do not alone mark its site, appears to be proved by Strabo, and by Ptolemy's statement that the city was on the Lycus, corroborated by the tradition preserved by the earliest Arab geographers.
872:
Excavations revealed remarkable bas-reliefs, ivories, and sculptures. A statue of Ashurnasirpal II was found in an excellent state of preservation, as were colossal winged man-headed lions weighing 10 short tons (9.1 t) to 30 short tons (27 t) each guarding the palace entrance. The large
389:
to destroy excavated remains of the city. Several videos released by ISIL showed the work in progress. In November 2016, Iraqi forces retook the site, and later visitors also confirmed that around 90% of the excavated portion of city had been completely destroyed. The ruins of Nimrud have remained
2004:
Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, Including a Journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the Ancient Ecbatani, Researches in Ispahan and the Ruins of Persepolis, and Journey from Thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the Sea-shore; Description of Bussorah, Bushire, Bahrein, Ormuz and Museat:
1666:(Mesopotamia), the province being so called from a city, of which the ruins are now to be seen near the gate of Selamiyah, a small town, about eight farsakhs east of Mosul; God, however, knows the truth." The same notice of the ruined city of Athur, or Akur, occurs under the head of "Selamiyah."
1686:
Rich (1836, p.129) described his interpretation as follows: "I was curious to inspect the ruins of Nimrod, which I take to be the Larissa of Xenophon. They were sufficiently visible from the shore to enable me to sketch the principal mount. About a quarter of a mile from the west face of the
2010:
Our course now lay nearly east, over a plain, which brought us in half an hour to the two heaps called Nimrod-Tuppé and Shah-Tuppé, between which we passed, without seeing any thing remarkable in them, more than common mounds of earth; though they probably might have shown vestiges of former
868:
directed by Janusz Meuszyński (1974–76), Paolo Fiorina (1987–89) with the Centro Ricerche Archeologiche e Scavi di Torino who concentrated mainly on Fort Shalmaneser, and John Curtis (1989). In 1974 to his untimely death in 1976 Janusz Meuszyński, the director of the Polish project, with the
1648:
as follows: "The learned Bochart first advanced the supposition that this Assyrian city was the same as the primeval city, called Resen in the Bible and that the Greeks having asked its name were answered, Al Resen, the article being prefixed, and from whence they made Larissa, in an easy
1014:
are a large group of ivory carvings, probably mostly originally decorating furniture and other objects, that had been brought to Nimrud from several parts of the ancient Near East, and were in a palace storeroom and other locations. These are mainly in the British Museum and the
2067:, Volume 12, page 417, quote "The title by which it is designated on the bricks and slabs that form its buildings, I read doubtfully as Levekh, and I suspect this to be the original form of the name which appears as Calah in Genesis, and Halah in Kings and Chronicles..."
1058:(2 Kings 9:2 ff. Whilst other interpretations exist, the obelisk is widely viewed by biblical archaeologists as therefore including the earliest known dedication of an Israelite. Note: all the kings of Israel were called "sons of Omri" by the Assyrians (mar means son).
374:, whose aims were to write the history of the city in ancient and modern times, to identify and record the dispersal history of artefacts from Nimrud, distributed amongst at least 76 museums worldwide (including 36 in the United States and 13 in the United Kingdom).
456:(858–823 BC) continued where his father had left off. At Nimrud he built a palace that far surpassed his father's. It was twice the size and it covered an area of about 5 hectares (12 acres) and included more than 200 rooms. He built the monument known as the Great
1336:
1813:; "Material from Nimrud has been dispersed into museum collections across the world. This page currently lists 76 museums holding Nimrud objects, with links to online information where available. The Nimrud Project welcomes additions and amendments to the list".
780:
Prior to 1850, Layard believed that the site of "Nimroud" was part of the wider region of "Nineveh" (the debate as to which excavation site represented the city of Nineveh had yet to be resolved), which also included the two mounds today identified as
942:. They weigh up to 27 tonnes (30 short tons). In 1847 Layard brought two of the colossi weighing 9 tonnes (10 short tons) each including one lion and one bull to London. After 18 months and several near disasters he succeeded in bringing them to the
365:
Archaeological excavations at the site began in 1845, and were conducted at intervals between then and 1879, and then from 1949 onwards. Many important pieces were discovered, with most being moved to museums in Iraq and abroad. In 2013, the UK's
1721:
from existing monuments, that the city was originally founded on the site now occupied by these mounds. From its immediate vicinity to the place of junction of two large rivers, the Tigris and the Zab, no better position could have been chosen."
999:, discovered by Layard in 1846. This stands six-and-a-half-feet tall and commemorates with inscriptions and 24 relief panels the king's victorious campaigns of 859–824 BC. It is shaped like a temple tower at the top, ending in three steps.
1833:
1136:
A member of ISIL filmed the destruction, declaring, "These ruins that are behind me, they are idols and statues that people in the past used to worship instead of Allah. The Prophet Muhammad took down idols with his bare hands when he
2514:
1662:, in his geographical work called the Moejem el Buldan, says, under the head of "Athur," "Mosul, before it received its present name, was called Athur, or sometimes Akur, with a kaf. It is said that this was anciently the name of
1187:. The first phase included conducting studies of the damage caused to the site, assembling an Iraqi maintenance and rehabilitation team, preservation and archiving of the city's cultural heritage in co-operation with the American
2451:
856:
920:
1481:
1087:
675:
However, the name became the cause of significant debate amongst Assyriologists in the mid-nineteenth century, with much of the discussion focusing on the identification of four Biblical cities mentioned in
2094:
The Conquest of Assyria, Mogens Trolle Larsen, 2014, Routledge, page 217, quote: "Rawlinson explained to his audience that the large Assyrian ruin mounds could now be given their proper names: Nimrud was
434:, but their queens were buried in Kalhu. Kalhu is known today as Nimrud because the archaeologists of the 19th and 20th centuries gave it that name, believing it was the legendary city of the biblical
1824:
796:
identified the city with the Biblical Calah on the basis of a cuneiform reading of "Levekh" which he connected to the city following Ainsworth and Rich's connection of Xenophon's Larissa to the site.
2593:
1233:
534:. It remained a major city and a royal residence until the city was largely destroyed during the fall of the Assyrian Empire at the hands of an alliance of former subject peoples, including the
427:
ordered the removal of debris from the towers and walls and wanted the construction of a new city. This new city would have a new royal mansion of superior size, bigger than previous monarchs'.
1670:
says, " To the south of Mosul, the lesser (?) Zab flows into the Tigris, near the ruined city of Athur." In Reinaud's edition (vol. i. p. 289, note 11,) there is the following extract from
2505:
1513:
2442:
307:. It was a major Assyrian city between approximately 1350 BC and 610 BC. The city is located in a strategic position 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of the point that the river
2742:
3460:
3455:
1928:
402:
Plan of Nimrud, by Felix Jones bef. 1920 The area excavated in the 19th century is labeled A-E. On the bottom right is Fort Shalmaneser, excavated in the mid-20th century.
1129:
or otherwise un-Islamic; they subsequently destroyed thousands of books and manuscripts in Mosul's libraries. In February 2015, ISIL destroyed Akkadian monuments in the
1275:
873:
number of inscriptions dealing with king Ashurnasirpal II provide more details about him and his reign than are known for any other ruler of this epoch. The palaces of
411:
Kalhu was located on a prosperous route and was built of an earlier business community under Shalmaneser I (1274-1245 BCE). Through the centuries, it was in disrepair.
2626:
1171:, stated "deliberate destruction of cultural heritage constitutes a war crime". The president of the Syriac League in Lebanon compared the losses at the site to the
932:, including the famous palace reliefs. Layard discovered more than half a dozen pairs of colossal guardian figures guarding palace entrances and doorways. These are
860:
Easarhaddon cylinder from fort Shalmaneser at Nimrud. It was found in the city of Nimrud and was housed in the Iraqi Museum, Baghdad. Erbil Civilization Museum, Iraq
2023:
1161:. On April 12 2015, an online militant video purportedly showed ISIL militants hammering, bulldozing, and ultimately using explosives to blow up parts of Nimrud.
708:'s own city; and one or two of the better informed with whom I conversed at Mousul said it was Al Athur or Ashur, from which the whole country was denominated."
1106:
Nimrud's various monuments had faced threats from exposure to the harsh elements of the Iraqi climate. Lack of proper protective roofing meant that the ancient
924:
Detail of a glazed terracotta tile from Nimrud, Iraq. The Assyrian king, below a parasol, is surrounded by guards and attendants. 875–850 BC. The British Museum
1462:
2024:"Julius Weber (1838–1906) and the Swiss Excavations at Nimrud in c.1860 together with Records of. Other Nineteenth-Century Antiquarian Researches at the Site"
1022:
The "Treasure of Nimrud" unearthed in these excavations is a collection of 613 pieces of gold jewelry and precious stones. It has survived the confusions and
2983:
2584:
1426:
672:
wrote of "two heaps called Nimrod-Tuppé and Shah-Tuppé... The Nimrod-Tuppé has a tradition attached to it, of a palace having been built there by Nimrod".
2005:
Narrative of an Expedition Against the Pirates of the Persian Gulf, with Illustrations of the Voyage of Nearehus, and Passage by the Arabian Sea to Bombay
772:
mentions, "one or two of the better informed with whom I conversed at Mosul said it was Al Athur or Ashur, from which the whole country was denominated."
3425:
1953:
1391:
2316:
2064:
1133:, and on March 5, 2015, Iraq announced that ISIL militants had bulldozed Nimrud and its archaeological site on the basis that they were blasphemous.
2978:
1122:
1674:: — " The city of Athur, which is in ruins, is mentioned in the Taurat (Old Testament). There dwelt the Assyrian kings who destroyed Jerusalem.""
2943:
319:. The city covered an area of 360 hectares (890 acres). The ruins of the city were found within one kilometre (1,100 yd) of the modern-day
2465:
938:, statues with a male human head, the body of a lion or bull, and wings. They have heads carved in the round, but the body at the side is in
381:
announced its intention to destroy the site because of its "un-Islamic" Assyrian nature. In March 2015, the Iraqi government reported that
2973:
2104:
George Smith, Assyrian Discoveries: An Account of Explorations and Discoveries on the Site of Nineveh During 1873 to 1874, Schribner, 1875
3207:
2958:
1442:
1375:
865:
2303:
1856:"By Nile and Tigris: a narrative of journeys in Egypt and Mesopotamia on behalf of the British Museum between the years 1886 and 1913"
1359:
1062:
3435:
3031:
2897:
Barbara Parker, "Nimrud Tablets, 1956: Economic and Legal Texts from the Nabu Temple", Iraq, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 125–138, 1957
1612:
1118:
1101:
991:
are large sculptures with portraits of these monarchs, all secured for the British Museum by Layard and the British archaeologist
3450:
3410:
2823:
Assyrian reliefs and ivories in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: palace reliefs of Assurnasirpal II and ivory carvings from Nimrud
1407:
838:
briefly worked the site in 1873 and Rassam returned there from 1877 to 1879, Nimrud was left untouched for almost 60 years.
2608:
3420:
2821:
1019:, as well as other museums. Another storeroom held the Nimrud Bowls, about 120 large bronze bowls or plates, also imported.
180:
3004:
2900:
D. J. Wiseman, "The Nabu Temple Texts from Nimrud", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 248–250, 1968
2630:
2479:
2282:
1114:
367:
2645:
3430:
2413:
2350:
1172:
2992:
2394:
2030:
864:
Subsequent work was by the Directorate of Antiquities of the Republic of Iraq (1956, 1959–60, 1969–78 and 1982–92), the
2831:
1985:
1981:
2214:
Janusz Meuszynski, Neo-Assyrian Reliefs from the Central Area of Nimrud Citadel, Iraq, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 37-43, 1976
1294:
1256:
3279:
2166:
and J. H. Reid, The Burnt Palace and the Nabu Temple; Nimrud Excavations, 1955, Iraq, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 22-39, 1956
2152:
1769:
503:(726–723 BC). Tiglath-Pileser III in particular, conducted major building works in the city, as well as introducing
3415:
2053:
1698:
1398:
1323:
1285:
1043:
1006:
were removed from the palaces and sections are now found in several museums (see gallery below), in particular the
996:
793:
761:
2844:"The Program of the Palace of Assurnasirpal II at Nimrud: Issues in the Research and Presentation of Assyrian Art"
1569:
1542:, one of 16 metal bowls from Nimrud with a Phoenician inscription (see letters on top sketch of the side profile)
1208:
639:
Many of Nineveh's archeological remains were transported to the major museums of the 19th century, including the
83:
823:, working from 1845 to 1847 and from 1849 until 1851. Following Layard's departure, the work was handed over to
741:
The site was subsequently visited by James Phillips Fletcher in 1843. Fletcher instead identified the site with
3369:
2792:
1216:
1023:
828:
58:
1810:
1030:
in 2003 in a bank vault, where it had been put away for 12 years and was "rediscovered" on June 5, 2003.
3379:
2671:
2380:
1716:, and others mention the ruins of Athur, near Selamiyah, which gave the name of Assyria to the province; and
1125:
in Mosul. In early 2015, they announced their intention to destroy many ancient artifacts, which they deemed
441:
A grand opening ceremony with festivities and an opulent banquet in 864 BC is described in an inscribed
2324:
3440:
3024:
1504:
1195:
next decade. The first major excavation works, launched in mid-October 2022 by an excavation team from the
835:
2925:
2987:
2320:
2163:
2144:
968:
850:
3009:
2695:
Johnson, Jessica S.; Ghazi, Zaid; Hanson, Katharyn; Lione, Brian Michael; Severson, Kent (2020-08-31).
1417:
1196:
980:
962:
909:
449:
excavations. By 800 BC Nimrud had grown to 75,000 inhabitants making it the largest city in the world.
2903:
D. J. Wiseman, Fragments of Historical Texts from Nimrud, Iraq, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 118–124, 1964
2743:"First major dig in ancient Iraqi city since Isis destruction unearths 'significant' palace door sill"
624:
111:
1629:
1589:
988:
712:
504:
657:
The name Nimrud in connection with the site in Western writings was first used in the travelogue of
3224:
3216:
2894:, Seals and Seal Impressions from the Nimrud Excavations, Iraq, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 26–40 1962
2113:
M. E. L. Mallowan, "The Excavations at Nimrud. 1949 Season", Sumer, vol. 6, no.1, pp. 101-102, 1950
2085:
Hormuzd Rassam and Robert William Rogers, Asshur and the land of Nimrod, Curts & Jennings, 1897
1959:
800 BC: Nimrud (Calah), Iraq: Haojing, China: Thebes, Egypt: Estimated population: 50,000 – 125,000
1717:
1671:
586:
2122:
M. E. L. Mallowan, "The Excavations at Nimrud (Kahlu), 1950", Sumer, vol. 7, no.1, pp. 49-54, 1951
3017:
2997:
2933:
2891:
2627:"Iconic Ancient Sites Ravaged in ISIS's Last Stand in Iraq. National geographic 10 november 2016"
2346:
1645:
1641:
1468:
1188:
1016:
984:
324:
150:
31:
17:
2585:"Isis 'bulldozes' Nimrud: UNESCO condemns destruction of ancient Assyrian site as a 'war crime'"
577:
A similar locality was described in the Middle Ages by a number of Arabic geographers including
3265:
3246:
1146:
2131:
M. E. L. Mallowan, Nimrud and its Remains, 3 vols, British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 1966
1787:
1745:
1633:
3063:
2002:
1998:
1759:
1539:
1074:
1038:
One panel of the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III has an inscription which includes the name
1027:
669:
2506:"Isis militants continue path of destruction in Hatra by 'demolishing 2,000 year-old ruins'"
3374:
3273:
3254:
1066:
750:
343:
845:
resumed digging at Nimrud in 1949; these excavations resulted in the discovery of the 244
8:
3230:
3044:
2920:
1855:
1579:
1346:
1142:
1138:
878:
820:
721:
697:
496:
359:
328:
154:
2806:
2802:
2178:
Paolo Fiorina, Un braciere da Forte Salmanassar, Mesopotamia, vol. 33, pp. 167–188, 1998
1503:
A human-headed and winged apkallu holding a pine cone and bucket for religious rituals (
1110:
at the site were susceptible to erosion from wind-blown sand and strong seasonal rains.
700:
in 1820, shortly before his death. Rich identified the site with the city of Larissa in
287:, biblical name Calah) located in Iraq, 30 kilometres (20 mi) south of the city of
2880:
2872:
2724:
1433:
929:
2963:
2546:
2528:
2376:
2261:
3101:
2884:
2864:
2827:
2788:
2728:
2716:
2443:"Iraq: Isis militants pledge to destroy remaining archaeological treasures in Nimrud"
2148:
1859:
1765:
1663:
1191:. Phase 2 was launched in October 2019 with the goal to restore the northern palace.
881:
have been located. Portions of the site have been also been identified as temples to
304:
2959:
Metropolitan Museum: Digital Reconstruction of the Northwest Palace, Nimrud, Assyria
1046:
originally translated this in 1850 as "Yahua, son of Hubiri", a year later reverend
3154:
2856:
2766:
2708:
1948:
1933:
1488:
1281:
1262:
961:
also transported a 36-tonne (40-short-ton) colossus from Khorsabad to Chicago. The
954:
874:
742:
681:
235:
68:
45:
2712:
2147:, Nimrud: An Imperial City Revealed, British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 2001,
1799:
3445:
3405:
3343:
2780:
2191:
1713:
1659:
1555:
1523:
1304:
1212:
658:
578:
512:
480:
472:
464:
453:
424:
339:
320:
292:
280:
272:
265:
2696:
3040:
1811:
The Nimrud Project at Oracc.org: Museums worldwide holding material from Nimrud
1637:
1472:
1453:
1449:
1382:
1366:
1350:
1327:
1247:
1011:
1007:
992:
943:
846:
824:
730:
640:
492:
484:
468:
371:
300:
2571:
2355:
3399:
3338:
2868:
2720:
1863:
1667:
1300:
1047:
958:
769:
726:
715:
in 1837. Ainsworth, like Rich, identified the site with Larissa (Λάρισσα) of
685:
582:
566:
Ruins of a similarly located Assyrian city named "Larissa" were described by
523:
500:
488:
420:
382:
378:
195:
182:
1199:, reported the discovery of a door sill slab with inscriptions in December.
3384:
3172:
1519:
1239:
1164:
1130:
972:
842:
2926:
Narrative of a residence in Koordistan, and on the site of ancient Nineveh
2787:, Pelican History of Art, 4th ed 1970, Penguin (now Yale History of Art),
949:
Additional 27-tonne (30-short-ton) colossi were transported to Paris from
3139:
1584:
1561:
1070:
535:
527:
168:
38:
3039:
1145:, and the companions of the prophet did this after this time, when they
607:
390:
guarded by Iraqi forces ever since. Reconstruction work is in progress.
3348:
3177:
2140:
680:: "From that land he went to Assyria, where he built Nineveh, the city
677:
555:
446:
419:
The city was established from a previous settlement during the rule of
3191:
2968:
2876:
2843:
1915:"The Neo-Assyrian Period (ca.1000-609 BCE)", in A Companion to Assyria
1901:
1889:
1877:
1077:
were important to scholarly deduction of the history of the alphabet.
3364:
3328:
3167:
3162:
3134:
3109:
3081:
2395:"Isis destroys thousands of books and manuscripts in Mosul libraries"
1010:. These show scenes of hunting, warfare, ritual and processions. The
950:
551:
519:
476:
386:
316:
312:
1149:." ISIL declared an intention to destroy the restored city gates in
1096:
Archaeological site of Nimrud before destruction, 1:33, UNESCO video
896:
893:, the god of writing and the arts, and as extensive fortifications.
3144:
3076:
3071:
2860:
1126:
716:
701:
567:
457:
398:
3236:
291:, and 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of the village of Selamiyah (
3323:
3294:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3091:
3086:
2767:
Contested Control: The Future of Security in Iraq's Nineveh Plain
2609:"Outcry over Isis destruction of ancient Assyrian site of Nimrud"
2360:
1413:
1342:
1319:
1154:
1150:
1107:
934:
882:
782:
746:
733:'s identification of Larissa with Resen on etymological grounds.
704:, and noted that the locals "generally believe this to have been
631:
614:
539:
531:
64:
2356:"Iraq's Nimrud before it was destroyed by Isis | Guardian Wires"
1984:. The city had been reached after crossing the "Zapatas" river (
1228:
Items excavated from Nimrud, located in museums around the world
3302:
3114:
2974:
Centro Ricerche Archeologiche e Scavi di Torino excavation site
1266:
1184:
1168:
1055:
1003:
939:
866:
Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw
804:
705:
644:
547:
511:
of the empire, whose dialects still endure among the Christian
435:
355:
308:
44:"Kalhu" redirects here. For the village in Lorestan, Iran, see
2480:"ISIS Destroys Iraqi Archaeological Site Of Nimrud Near Mosul"
2264:, 883–859 b.c.; Neo–Assyrian period, reign of Ashurnasirpal II
1183:
A renovation program started in July 2017 with the support of
853:
becoming director in 1958 followed by Julian Orchard in 1963.
696:
The site was described in more detail by the British traveler
1574:
1158:
908:
In 1988, the Iraqi Department of Antiquities discovered four
886:
809:
765:
662:
543:
442:
431:
288:
253:
785:-proper, and his excavation publications were thus labeled.
30:
This article is about the ancient city. For other uses, see
3048:
2672:"Iraq begins phase 2 of Nimrud ancient city reconstruction"
2414:"IS 'bulldozed' ancient Assyrian city of Nimrud, Iraq says"
2306:, British Museum, accessed 6 March 2015; Frankfort, 322-331
1243:
1051:
901:
890:
589:, using the name "Athur" (meaning Assyria) near Selamiyah.
332:
158:
2285:, British Museum, accessed 6 March 2015;Frankfort, 156-164
2222:
2220:
1658:
Layard (1849, p.194) noted the following in a footnote: "
753:
has the same etymological meaning as Rehoboth in Hebrew.
241:
2915:
The monuments of Nineveh; from drawings made on the spot
1211:, the security of the ancient city is run by the ethnic
764:
mentioned that the Arabic geographers referred to it as
2694:
2529:"Islamic State 'demolishes' ancient Hatra site in Iraq"
2217:
1962:
1242:
plaque, with original gold leaf and paint, depicting a
597:
3461:
Populated places established in the 2nd millennium BC
3456:
Populated places disestablished in the 7th century BC
2979:
Archaeological site photographs at Oriental Institute
2747:
The Art Newspaper - International art news and events
2466:
ISIL video shows destruction of 7th century artifacts
238:
2317:"Ancient Assyrian Treasures Found Intact in Baghdad"
1551:
841:
A British School of Archaeology in Iraq team led by
256:
250:
3005:
The Secret of Nimrud - Photographs by Noreen Feeney
2819:
2547:"Islamic State video 'shows destruction of Nimrud'"
247:
244:
2842:
2583:
2504:
2441:
1823:
1153:. ISIL went on to do demolition work at the later
745:on the basis that the city of Birtha described by
630:1849 sketch of Layard's expedition transporting a
342:in the mid-18th century. In the mid 19th century,
338:The name Nimrud was recorded as the local name by
1825:"Isis destroyed a 3,000-year-old city in minutes"
3397:
2411:
819:Initial excavations at Nimrud were conducted by
522:(722–705 BC) moved the capital of the empire to
2908:Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon
2646:"Iraqi forces retake historical town of Nimrud"
1764:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 95.
1322:, Stelas, Statue, Relief Panels, including the
430:The kings of Assyria continued to be buried in
2935:Narrative of a Two Years' Residence at Nineveh
2785:The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient
2606:
2436:
2434:
2377:"Iraq: No Haven for Ancient World's Landmarks"
1991:
1202:
613:1851 sketch of Layard's expedition removing a
561:
3025:
2644:Williams, Sara Elizabeth (13 November 2016).
2477:
1854:Budge, Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis (1920).
1471:, Height 195.2 cm, Width 92.5 cm, (
1178:
1117:(ISIL) occupied the area surrounding Nimrud.
438:, which is mentioned in the Book of Genesis.
2826:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
354:), based on a description of the travels of
2431:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1173:destruction of culture by the Mongol Empire
1033:
1002:Series of the distinctive Assyrian shallow
995:. Also in the British Museum is the famous
928:Nimrud has been one of the main sources of
3426:Buildings and structures destroyed by ISIL
3032:
3018:
2539:
2374:
1997:
1065:were excavated from the site, such as the
725:, concluding that Nimrud was the Biblical
57:
2820:Crawford, Vaughn E.; et al. (1980).
2058:
1607:
1605:
370:funded the "Nimrud Project", directed by
3206:
2643:
1847:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1690:
1682:
1680:
1618:
1102:Destruction of cultural heritage by ISIL
1084:
967:
919:
895:
855:
803:
414:
397:
2840:
1783:
1781:
1757:
1652:
1061:A number of other artifacts considered
14:
3398:
1705:
1602:
3013:
2774:
2405:
2226:Time Life Lost Civilizations series:
2186:
2184:
2174:
2172:
1988:) and then arriving at the Tigris ().
1968:Time Life Lost Civilizations series:
1912:
1853:
1788:Brill's Encyclopedia of Islam 1913-36
1746:Brill's Encyclopedia of Islam 1913-36
1734:
1677:
1634:preferred the identification of Resen
849:. The work continued until 1963 with
2065:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1778:
1141:. We were ordered by our prophet to
1115:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
377:In 2015, the terrorist organization
368:Arts and Humanities Research Council
269:
2669:
1929:"The 19 greatest cities in history"
1917:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 170.
1902:https://www.worldhistory.org/Kalhu/
1890:https://www.worldhistory.org/Kalhu/
1878:https://www.worldhistory.org/Kalhu/
975:piece showing a cow suckling a calf
598:Early writings and debate over name
463:Nimrud remained the capital of the
296:
276:
24:
2813:
2412:Karim Abou Merhi (March 5, 2015).
2262:Human–headed winged lion (lamassu)
2181:
2169:
711:The site of Nimrud was visited by
691:
25:
3472:
3280:Monastery of Saint John of Dailam
2993:"Treasure of Nimrud rediscovered"
2952:
223:3.6 km (1.4 sq mi)
3190:
2596:from the original on 2022-06-21.
2517:from the original on 2022-06-21.
2454:from the original on 2022-06-21.
2375:Jane Arraf (February 11, 2009).
1554:
1531:
1512:
1496:
1480:
1461:
1441:
1425:
1406:
1399:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
1390:
1374:
1358:
1335:
1324:Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III
1312:
1293:
1286:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
1274:
1255:
1232:
1143:take down idols and destroy them
997:Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III
623:
606:
393:
234:
117:
110:
89:
82:
3436:Former populated places in Iraq
2849:American Journal of Archaeology
2760:
2735:
2688:
2663:
2637:
2619:
2607:Kareem Shaheen (7 March 2015).
2600:
2576:
2565:
2521:
2497:
2471:
2458:
2387:
2368:
2339:
2309:
2297:
2288:
2276:
2267:
2255:
2242:
2233:
2208:
2157:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2047:
2016:
1975:
1941:
1921:
1906:
1894:
1882:
1870:
1836:from the original on 2022-06-21
1800:The Nimrud Project at Oracc.org
1570:Cities of the ancient Near East
1123:the Mosque of the Prophet Jonah
3451:History of Nineveh Governorate
3411:14th-century BC establishments
3370:Nineveh Plain Protection Units
2841:Russell, John Malcolm (1998).
2478:Morgan Winsor (5 March 2015).
2250:The Atlas Of The Ancient World
1816:
1804:
1793:
1751:
1217:Nineveh Plain Protection Units
1080:
1050:, suggested it refers to king
965:in New York has another pair.
799:
592:
118:
90:
13:
1:
3380:Qaraqosh Protection Committee
2713:10.1080/00393630.2020.1753357
2381:The Christian Science Monitor
2283:"Assyria: Nimrud (Rooms 7–8)"
2228:Mesopotamia: The Mighty Kings
1970:Mesopotamia: The Mighty Kings
1761:The Ancient Mesopotamian City
1758:Mieroop, Marc van de (1997).
1642:Resen with Xenophon's Larissa
1636:with Nimrud (on the basis of
1209:liberation from Islamic State
1063:important to Biblical history
558:(between 616 BC and 599 BC).
406:
283:city (original Assyrian name
3421:Archaeological sites in Iraq
2572:youtube ISIS destroys Nimrud
1728:
1505:Museum of the Ancient Orient
1121:other holy sites, including
460:, and an associated temple.
67:at the North West Palace of
7:
2697:"The Nimrud Rescue Project"
1547:
1538:The first publication of a
1432:Relief with Winged Genius (
1203:Security post Islamic State
915:
736:
562:Later geographical writings
346:proposed the Assyrian name
71:before destruction in 2015.
10:
3477:
3431:Destroyed populated places
2008:. H. Colburn. p. 54.
1222:
1197:University of Pennsylvania
1179:Reconstruction of the site
1167:, the director general of
1099:
981:Statue of Ashurnasirpal II
963:Metropolitan Museum of Art
775:
43:
36:
29:
3357:
3316:
3293:
3264:
3245:
3215:
3199:
3188:
3153:
3100:
3062:
3055:
3001:posted to a message board
2945:Nimrud: The Queens' Tombs
2942:Muzahim Mahmoud Hussein,
2932:James Phillips Fletcher,
1630:William Francis Ainsworth
1590:Short chronology timeline
989:Stela of Ashurnasirpal II
889:, a building assigned to
713:William Francis Ainsworth
652:
530:(705–681 BC) moved it to
452:King Ashurnasirpal's son
219:
211:
174:
164:
146:
138:
76:
56:
3225:Rabban Hormizd Monastery
3217:Chaldean Catholic Church
2929:. Ed. by his widow, 1836
1949:"Largest Ancient Cities"
1595:
1034:Significant inscriptions
788:
756:
665:in March 1760. Niebuhr
518:However, in 706 BC
37:Not to be confused with
3416:Ancient Assyrian cities
2998:The Wall Street Journal
2799:Nineveh and Its Remains
2701:Studies in Conservation
2273:Frankfort, 156-157, 167
1913:Frahm, Eckhart (2017).
1900:Mark, Joshua J. (2014)
1888:Mark, Joshua J. (2014)
1876:Mark, Joshua J. (2014)
1858:. John Murray: London.
1469:Stela of Shamshi-Adad V
1189:Smithsonian Institution
1017:National Museum of Iraq
985:Stela of Shamshi-Adad V
877:, Shalmaneser III, and
574:in the 5th century BC.
526:, and after his death,
344:biblical archaeologists
151:Numaniyah, Al-Hamdaniya
32:Nimrud (disambiguation)
3266:Syriac Orthodox Church
3247:Syriac Catholic Church
1999:Buckingham, James Silk
1097:
976:
925:
905:
861:
816:
403:
98:Shown within Near East
3237:Tomb of Prophet Nahum
3064:Al-Hamdaniya District
2801:, John Murray, 1849 (
2633:on November 11, 2016.
1640:'s identification of
1540:Phoenician metal bowl
1100:Further information:
1095:
1075:Assyrian lion weights
1040:Ia-ú-a mar Hu-um-ri-i
971:
923:
899:
859:
807:
670:James Silk Buckingham
587:Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi
515:of the region today.
467:during the reigns of
415:Capital of the Empire
401:
196:36.09806°N 43.32889°E
139:Alternative name
101:Show map of Near East
27:Ancient Assyrian city
3375:Nineveh Plain Forces
3317:Archaeological sites
3274:Mar Mattai Monastery
3255:Mar Behnam Monastery
1397:Eagle-headed deity (
1067:Nimrud Tablet K.3751
827:in 1853-54 and then
751:Ammianus Marcellinus
475:(810–782 BC), Queen
142:Calah, Kalakh, Kalhu
3441:Hebrew Bible cities
3231:Mar Oraha Monastery
3045:Nineveh Governorate
2988:National Geographic
2921:Claudius James Rich
2917:, John Murray, 1849
2910:, John Murray, 1853
2707:(sup1): P160–P165.
2321:National Geographic
2248:Oliphant, Margaret
2230:. (1995) p. 112–121
2054:Genesis 10:11–10:12
1418:Metropolitan Museum
1347:Tiglath-pileser III
1147:conquered countries
879:Tiglath-Pileser III
821:Austen Henry Layard
770:Claudius James Rich
768:. British traveler
762:Sir Henry Rawlinson
698:Claudius James Rich
668:In 1830, traveller
497:Tiglath-Pileser III
329:Nineveh Governorate
192: /
155:Nineveh Governorate
53:
2775:General references
2468:(26 February 2015)
2327:on October 8, 2003
2294:Frankfort, 310-322
1646:the debate in 1855
1580:Islamic Iconoclasm
1434:Walters Art Museum
1365:City under siege (
1098:
977:
930:Assyrian sculpture
926:
906:
862:
817:
445:discovered during
404:
201:36.09806; 43.32889
51:
3393:
3392:
3312:
3311:
3289:
3288:
3186:
3185:
3102:Tel Kaif District
2670:al-Taie, Khalid.
1972:. (1995) p. 100–1
1954:artoftravel.tips/
1611:Niebuhr wrote on
1246:killing a human (
1113:In mid-2014, the
1093:
957:in 1853. In 1928
499:(745–727 BC) and
423:(1274-1245 BCE).
305:Upper Mesopotamia
227:
226:
16:(Redirected from
3468:
3213:
3212:
3204:
3203:
3194:
3155:Shekhan District
3060:
3059:
3056:Main settlements
3034:
3027:
3020:
3011:
3010:
2888:
2846:
2837:
2781:Frankfort, Henri
2769:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2629:. Archived from
2623:
2617:
2616:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2587:
2580:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2513:. 7 March 2015.
2508:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2475:
2469:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2323:. Archived from
2313:
2307:
2304:The Nimrud Bowls
2301:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2224:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2188:
2179:
2176:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2029:. Archived from
2028:
2020:
2014:
2013:
1995:
1989:
1986:Xen. Anab. 3.3.6
1982:Xen. Anab. 3.4.7
1979:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1934:Business Insider
1925:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1827:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1722:
1709:
1703:
1694:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1656:
1650:
1627:
1616:
1609:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1535:
1516:
1500:
1489:Hermitage Museum
1484:
1465:
1445:
1429:
1410:
1394:
1381:Cavalry battle (
1378:
1362:
1339:
1316:
1297:
1282:Ashurnasirpal II
1278:
1263:Ashurnasirpal II
1259:
1236:
1094:
1073:. The bilingual
1028:invasion of Iraq
955:Paul Emile Botta
875:Ashurnasirpal II
729:on the basis of
627:
610:
298:
279:) is an ancient
278:
271:
263:
262:
259:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
207:
206:
204:
203:
202:
197:
193:
190:
189:
188:
185:
130:
129:Show map of Iraq
121:
120:
114:
102:
93:
92:
86:
69:Ashurnasirpal II
61:
54:
50:
46:Kolehu, Lorestan
21:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3353:
3344:Tell Arpachiyah
3308:
3285:
3260:
3241:
3200:Religious sites
3195:
3182:
3149:
3096:
3051:
3038:
2995:, article from
2955:
2834:
2816:
2814:Further reading
2777:
2772:
2765:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2678:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2642:
2638:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2605:
2601:
2590:The Independent
2582:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2535:. 7 March 2015.
2527:
2526:
2522:
2511:The Independent
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2476:
2472:
2463:
2459:
2450:. 27 Feb 2015.
2448:The Independent
2440:
2439:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2410:
2406:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2373:
2369:
2354:
2351:Wayback Machine
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2017:
1996:
1992:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1963:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1852:
1848:
1839:
1837:
1830:The Independent
1822:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1710:
1706:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1678:
1657:
1653:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1603:
1598:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1527:
1524:Brooklyn Museum
1517:
1508:
1501:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1466:
1457:
1452:made in Egypt (
1446:
1437:
1430:
1421:
1411:
1402:
1395:
1386:
1379:
1370:
1363:
1354:
1340:
1331:
1317:
1308:
1298:
1289:
1279:
1270:
1260:
1251:
1237:
1225:
1215:security force
1205:
1181:
1157:ruined city of
1139:went into Mecca
1104:
1085:
1083:
1036:
918:
900:Remains of the
802:
794:Henry Rawlinson
791:
778:
759:
739:
694:
692:Larissa / Resen
659:Carsten Niebuhr
655:
650:
649:
648:
647:
636:
635:
634:
628:
619:
618:
617:
611:
600:
595:
579:Yaqut al-Hamawi
564:
505:Eastern Aramaic
481:Adad-nirari III
473:Adad-nirari III
465:Assyrian Empire
454:Shalmaneser III
425:Ashurnasirpal I
417:
409:
396:
340:Carsten Niebuhr
237:
233:
200:
198:
194:
191:
186:
183:
181:
179:
178:
134:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
124:
123:
122:
105:
104:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
94:
72:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3474:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3270:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3251:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3221:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3041:Nineveh Plains
3037:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2990:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2969:Kalhu / Nimrud
2966:
2961:
2954:
2953:External links
2951:
2950:
2949:
2940:
2930:
2918:
2913:A. H. Layard,
2911:
2906:A. H. Layard,
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:Barbara Parker
2889:
2861:10.2307/506096
2855:(4): 655–715.
2838:
2833:978-0870992605
2832:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2797:A. H. Layard,
2795:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2759:
2734:
2687:
2662:
2636:
2618:
2599:
2592:. 6 Mar 2015.
2575:
2564:
2553:. 7 March 2015
2538:
2520:
2496:
2470:
2457:
2430:
2404:
2401:. 26 Feb 2015.
2386:
2367:
2338:
2308:
2296:
2287:
2275:
2266:
2254:
2241:
2239:Frankfort, 154
2232:
2216:
2207:
2196:pcma.uw.edu.pl
2180:
2168:
2156:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2057:
2046:
2015:
1990:
1974:
1961:
1940:
1920:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1846:
1832:. 2017-01-06.
1815:
1803:
1792:
1777:
1770:
1750:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1704:
1689:
1676:
1651:
1644:), summarised
1617:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1528:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1477:
1473:British Museum
1467:
1460:
1458:
1454:British Museum
1450:Nimrud ivories
1447:
1440:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1422:
1412:
1405:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1383:British Museum
1380:
1373:
1371:
1367:British Museum
1364:
1357:
1355:
1351:British Museum
1341:
1334:
1332:
1328:British Museum
1318:
1311:
1309:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1248:British Museum
1238:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1207:Following the
1204:
1201:
1180:
1177:
1119:ISIL destroyed
1082:
1079:
1035:
1032:
1012:Nimrud Ivories
1008:British Museum
993:Hormuzd Rassam
944:British Museum
917:
914:
904:temple in 2008
847:Nimrud Letters
829:William Loftus
825:Hormuzd Rassam
801:
798:
790:
787:
777:
774:
758:
755:
738:
735:
693:
690:
654:
651:
641:British Museum
638:
637:
629:
622:
621:
620:
612:
605:
604:
603:
602:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
563:
560:
495:(754–746 BC),
493:Ashur-nirari V
491:(772–755 BC),
487:(782–773 BC),
485:Shalmaneser IV
483:(806–782 BC),
479:(810–806 BC),
471:(822–811 BC),
469:Shamshi-Adad V
416:
413:
408:
405:
395:
392:
372:Eleanor Robson
350:(the Biblical
301:Nineveh Plains
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
125:
116:
115:
109:
108:
107:
106:
97:
88:
87:
81:
80:
79:
78:
77:
74:
73:
62:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3473:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3339:Dur-Sharrukin
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3282:(7th century)
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3257:(4th century)
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3233:(6th century)
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2768:
2763:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2651:
2650:The Telegraph
2647:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2573:
2568:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2437:
2435:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2305:
2300:
2291:
2284:
2279:
2270:
2263:
2258:
2251:
2245:
2236:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2211:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2153:0-903472-25-2
2150:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2050:
2036:on 2022-01-10
2032:
2025:
2019:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1916:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1796:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1771:9780191588457
1767:
1763:
1762:
1754:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1700:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1552:
1541:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1487:Two archers (
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:Assyrian lion
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1103:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:Edward Hincks
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
974:
970:
966:
964:
960:
959:Edward Chiera
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
936:
931:
922:
913:
912:at the site.
911:
910:queens' tombs
903:
898:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
870:
867:
858:
854:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
814:
811:
806:
797:
795:
786:
784:
773:
771:
767:
763:
754:
752:
748:
744:
734:
732:
728:
724:
723:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
689:
687:
683:
679:
673:
671:
666:
664:
661:, who was in
660:
646:
642:
633:
626:
616:
609:
590:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:Dur Sharrukin
521:
516:
514:
510:
509:lingua franca
506:
502:
501:Shalmaneser V
498:
494:
490:
489:Ashur-dan III
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
450:
448:
447:archeological
444:
439:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
421:Shalmaneser I
412:
400:
394:Early history
391:
388:
384:
383:Islamic State
380:
379:Islamic State
375:
373:
369:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
294:
290:
286:
282:
274:
267:
261:
231:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
156:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
126:Nimrud (Iraq)
113:
85:
75:
70:
66:
60:
55:
47:
40:
33:
19:
3385:Dwekh Nawsha
3333:
2996:
2964:Nimrud/Calah
2944:
2934:
2924:
2914:
2907:
2852:
2848:
2822:
2798:
2784:
2762:
2751:. Retrieved
2749:. 2022-12-07
2746:
2737:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2679:. Retrieved
2675:
2665:
2653:. Retrieved
2649:
2639:
2631:the original
2621:
2613:The Guardian
2612:
2602:
2589:
2578:
2567:
2555:. Retrieved
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2510:
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:
2473:
2464:Al Jazeera:
2460:
2447:
2421:. Retrieved
2417:
2407:
2399:The Guardian
2398:
2389:
2370:
2359:
2347:Ghostarchive
2345:Archived at
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2325:the original
2311:
2299:
2290:
2278:
2269:
2257:
2252:(1992) p. 32
2249:
2244:
2235:
2227:
2210:
2199:. Retrieved
2195:
2159:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2100:
2090:
2081:
2076:Layard, 1849
2072:
2060:
2049:
2038:. Retrieved
2031:the original
2018:
2009:
2003:
1993:
1977:
1969:
1964:
1952:
1943:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1872:
1849:
1838:. Retrieved
1829:
1818:
1806:
1795:
1760:
1753:
1707:
1699:Ten Thousand
1692:
1654:
1520:Tree of life
1240:Nimrud ivory
1206:
1193:
1182:
1165:Irina Bokova
1163:
1135:
1131:Mosul Museum
1112:
1105:
1060:
1039:
1037:
1021:
1001:
978:
973:Nimrud ivory
948:
933:
927:
907:
871:
863:
843:Max Mallowan
840:
836:George Smith
833:
831:in 1854–55.
818:
812:
792:
779:
760:
740:
720:
710:
695:
684:, Calah and
674:
667:
656:
576:
571:
565:
517:
508:
462:
451:
440:
429:
418:
410:
376:
364:
351:
347:
337:
284:
229:
228:
3047:, northern
2984:More images
2655:13 November
2145:David Oates
1585:Nimrud lens
1562:Asia portal
1081:Destruction
1071:Nimrud Slab
851:David Oates
800:Excavations
682:Rehoboth-Ir
593:Archaeology
536:Babylonians
528:Sennacherib
323:village of
199: /
175:Coordinates
169:Mesopotamia
39:Birs Nimrud
3400:Categories
3349:Tepe Gawra
2937:, Volume 2
2793:0140561072
2753:2023-01-03
2681:2023-01-03
2201:2020-07-08
2141:Joan Oates
2040:2019-02-25
1840:2017-04-13
1664:el Jezireh
1127:idolatrous
1026:after the
678:Genesis 10
583:Abu'l-Fida
556:Cimmerians
407:Foundation
387:bulldozers
360:Genesis 10
311:meets its
299:), in the
215:Settlement
187:43°19′44″E
184:36°05′53″N
3365:Peshmerga
3329:Shibaniba
3208:Christian
3168:Dashqotan
3163:Ain Sifni
3135:Sharafiya
3110:Tel Keppe
3082:Karamlesh
2885:191618390
2869:0002-9114
2729:219037067
2721:0039-3630
2095:Calah..."
1864:558957855
1729:Citations
1044:Rawlinson
951:Khorsabad
815:at Nimrud
552:Scythians
540:Chaldeans
520:Sargon II
513:Assyrians
477:Semiramis
385:had used
317:Great Zab
313:tributary
3358:See also
3145:Khatarah
3077:Bartella
3072:Qaraqosh
2676:Diyaruna
2594:Archived
2557:13 April
2515:Archived
2452:Archived
2423:March 5,
2349:and the
2192:"Nimrud"
2164:D. Oates
2001:(1830).
1834:Archived
1718:Ibn Said
1672:Ibn Said
1668:Abulfeda
1548:See also
1305:Pergamon
1213:Assyrian
1155:Parthian
1069:and the
916:Artworks
743:Rehoboth
737:Rehoboth
722:Anabasis
717:Xenophon
702:Xenophon
643:and the
572:Anabasis
568:Xenophon
548:Persians
458:Ziggurat
325:Noomanea
321:Assyrian
297:السلامية
281:Assyrian
147:Location
3324:Balawat
3295:Yazidis
3178:Ba'adra
3125:Tesqopa
3120:Batnaya
3092:Bahzani
3087:Bashiqa
2489:8 March
2361:YouTube
2331:6 March
1748:, p.923
1638:Bochart
1414:Lamassu
1343:Lamassu
1320:Lamassu
1223:Gallery
1151:Nineveh
1108:reliefs
1042:Whilst
1024:looting
1004:reliefs
935:lamassu
883:Ninurta
813:in situ
783:Nineveh
776:Nineveh
747:Ptolemy
731:Bochart
632:Lamassu
615:Lamassu
570:in his
532:Nineveh
507:as the
277:النمرود
65:lamassu
18:Nimroud
3446:Nimrod
3406:Nimrud
3334:Nimrud
3305:(1414)
3303:Lalish
3173:Qasrok
3130:Baqofa
3115:Alqosh
2948:. 2016
2939:, 1850
2883:
2877:506096
2875:
2867:
2830:
2807:Vol. 2
2803:Vol. 1
2791:
2727:
2719:
2151:
1862:
1768:
1632:, who
1303:hunt (
1267:Louvre
1185:UNESCO
1169:UNESCO
1056:Israel
940:relief
834:After
706:Nimrod
653:Nimrud
645:Louvre
554:, and
436:Nimrod
356:Nimrod
309:Tigris
293:Arabic
273:Arabic
266:Syriac
230:Nimrud
165:Region
52:Nimrud
3276:(363)
3227:(640)
3140:Bozan
2986:from
2881:S2CID
2873:JSTOR
2725:S2CID
2034:(PDF)
2027:(PDF)
1714:Yakut
1660:Yakut
1613:p.355
1596:Notes
1575:Hatra
1159:Hatra
887:Enlil
810:stele
789:Calah
766:Athur
757:Ashur
727:Resen
686:Resen
663:Mosul
544:Medes
443:stele
432:Assur
352:Calah
348:Kalḫu
289:Mosul
285:Kalḫu
270:ܢܢܡܪܕ
3049:Iraq
2865:ISSN
2828:ISBN
2805:and
2789:ISBN
2717:ISSN
2657:2016
2559:2015
2491:2015
2425:2015
2333:2015
2149:ISBN
2143:and
1860:OCLC
1766:ISBN
1448:Two
1244:lion
1052:Jehu
987:and
979:The
902:Nabu
891:Nabu
885:and
749:and
585:and
333:Iraq
315:the
220:Area
212:Type
159:Iraq
3043:in
2857:doi
2853:102
2709:doi
2551:BBC
2533:BBC
2484:IBT
2418:AFP
1345:of
1054:of
953:by
719:'s
688:".
358:in
327:in
303:in
3402::
2923:,
2879:.
2871:.
2863:.
2851:.
2847:.
2783:,
2745:.
2723:.
2715:.
2705:65
2703:.
2699:.
2674:.
2648:.
2611:.
2588:.
2549:.
2531:.
2509:.
2482:.
2446:.
2433:^
2416:.
2397:.
2379:.
2358:.
2353::
2319:.
2219:^
2194:.
2183:^
2171:^
1951:.
1931:.
1828:.
1780:^
1736:^
1679:^
1620:^
1604:^
1219:.
983:,
808:A
581:,
550:,
546:,
542:,
538:,
362:.
335:.
331:,
295::
275::
268::
264:;
254:uː
157:,
153:,
63:A
3033:e
3026:t
3019:v
2887:.
2859::
2836:.
2809:)
2756:.
2731:.
2711::
2684:.
2659:.
2615:.
2561:.
2493:.
2427:.
2383:.
2364:.
2335:.
2204:.
2043:.
1957:.
1937:.
1866:.
1843:.
1774:.
1526:)
1522:(
1507:)
1491:)
1475:)
1456:)
1436:)
1420:)
1416:(
1401:)
1385:)
1369:)
1353:)
1349:(
1330:)
1326:(
1307:)
1288:)
1284:(
1269:)
1265:(
1250:)
260:/
257:d
251:r
248:ˈ
245:m
242:ɪ
239:n
236:/
232:(
48:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
