31:
44:
434:, uncovered that the initial phase would include building a double-storey house and a guest house at a projected cost of over R19.4 million. As soon as the story broke out, government denied having a hand in the upgrades. The DPWI spokesperson contradicted initial statements by the government, "there is no work or extension project taking place at President Jacob Zuma's compound at Nkandla." During the site visit at the compound by the journalists, a contractor working at the site speculated that the costs of the expansion were likely to later increase.
525:
has not been completed, the Public
Protector must submit a report when the investigation has been completed". The President then suggested to the Public Protector that she had failed to comply with the 30 day period and to report that the investigation was ongoing and whether the process was justifiable. The President and his lawyers tried to negate the validity of the investigation by requiring the Public Protector to indicate whether the President had the power to condone any non-compliance. There is no provision in the
545:"Like all South Africans I have recently read in the media the appalling story of the sums of taxpayers’ money being spent on the private residence of President Jacob Zuma. This is opulence on a grand scale and as an honest, loyal, taxpaying South African I need to understand how this is allowed to happen. Strangely civil society is quiet. This is wrong and highlights the complete disregard which this Government has for the citizens of this country. Where is this money coming from and how has it been approved?"
2829:
108:
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3476:
558:, marquee area, and new houses for relatives. It recommended that Zuma should repay the state, and added that Zuma had violated the government's code of ethics on two counts: failing to protect state resources, and misleading Parliament by telling it in November 2012 that the buildings and rooms had been "built by ourselves as family and not by government". Madonsela's final report, titled "Secure in Comfort," was released on 19 March 2014, shortly before
642:. On 12 September 2014, the SIU's report on their investigation was tabled in Parliament. The SIU said that the Zuma family was enriched by the upgrades and blamed overspending on the architect and public works officials, who have alleged interference by Zuma and others who have all denied these allegations. The SIU also found that security measures were still inadequate despite the overspending.
51:
677:
613:
and dismissed the ANC's application with costs. The ANC was granted leave to appeal the decision. On 6 May 2014, the
Electoral Court ruled that the DA must retract the text message, finding that it wrongly targeted Zuma personally instead of the systematic failures highlighted in Madonsela's report.
730:
The R7.81 million figure included R2.3 million for the swimming pool, R1 million for the amphitheatre, and R1.2 million for the cattle kraal. Treasury submitted its report to the
Constitutional Court, which approved the recommendation in late July 2016. Complying with the Court's directive that the
656:, who was appointed by Zuma on 25 May 2014, released his report on Nkandla which found that the swimming pool, cattle kraal, chicken run, visitor's centre and amphitheatre were needed security features and concluded that Zuma does not owe the South African taxpayers anything. On 18 August 2015, the
633:
presented a report of an inter-ministerial task team which justified the public expenditure and cleared Zuma. On 28 April 2014, a parliamentary ad hoc committee set up to consider Zuma's response to
Madonsela's report was referred to the next Parliament to be formed after the 2014 general election,
369:
As part of this process, the South
African Department of Public Works & Infrastructure (DPWI) built a helipad, underground bunkers, security and their accommodation, a firepool, a chicken-run, and fencing around the entire complex. According to the ministerial handbook, the department can spend
645:
A second parliamentary ad hoc committee, established in August 2014, would consider the report of the inter-ministerial task team published in
December 2013, the Public Protectors' final report published in March 2014 and the SIU's report published in September 2014, as well as Zuma's responses to
570:
In her investigation, Madonsela said that the
Ministerial Handbook had a maximum security spending of R100 000 should The Minister of Public Works issue approval. Since the house at Nkandla is privately owned by the President, he would only be granted R100 000 for security measures. Therefore, the
524:
On 13 January 2013 the Public
Protector informed the President that she would be unable to conclude her report within the prescribed 30 day period. Section 3(2) of the Executive Members' Ethics Act states that: "if the Public Protector reports at the end of the 30 day period that the investigation
702:
As instructed by the
Constitutional Court, the National Treasury instituted an investigation – required to be completed within 60 days of the judgement – to "determine a reasonable percentage of the costs... which ought to be paid personally by the President". The investigation was conducted by a
583:
from approaching the compound on 4 November 2012, she intended "to see what a R250-million renovation with public money looks like." She was referring to the security upgrades of R246 million which is multiple times larger than security upgrades to previous presidents' homes. Zuma's spokesperson
511:
In mid-November, however, the ministers withdrew the application, saying that the delay occasioned by the court process had already given them the extra time they needed to study the report. Nevertheless, they suggested that they might return to court to challenge the report on grounds publicly
549:
The report said that the cost of the upgrades had escalated to R215 million, with a further R31 million in works outstanding, and that, contrary to the government's claims, many of the state-funded improvements had exceeded Zuma's security needs as president. These included a swimming pool
455:, was preparing to investigate the security upgrades, pursuant to various formal complaints lodged with her office in response to media reports. The first complaint had been lodged by a member of the public on 13 December 2011, and subsequent complaints were lodged by legal academic
471:
and sections 6 and 7 of the Public
Protector Act – which outline and regulate the investigatory powers of the Public Protector – and, insofar as complaints alleged that Zuma had violated the Executive Ethics Code, also in terms of the Executive Members' Ethics Act.
711:
firms, the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, and the Association of Quantity Surveyors. The panel considered the five main upgrade components – the amphitheatre, cattle kraal, chicken run, visitors' centre, and swimming pool – and found that:
516:: that it was the security cluster ministers, not the Public Protector, who had the authority to decide what was classified as a threat to the president and the state (and therefore to decide the reasonable limits of upgrades for security purposes).
400:, as explanation for the spending discrepancy, but that spending should come from a different department. The leaked documentation also hints at vastly inflated prices for the work done, much of it not going out to tender, and huge consulting fees.
562:, and mirrored the provisional report in its substantive aspects. In both the provisional and the final report, Madonsela found that Zuma had benefited unduly from the R246 million the state had spent on the upgrades.
1716:
370:
R100,000 on security improvements at the private houses of public officials. Any costs above that must be covered by the official. Over R200,000,000 has appeared to be allocated by the department. The
605:
which reads: "The Nkandla report shows how Zuma stole your money to build his R246m home. Vote DA on 7 May to beat corruption. Together for change." The ANC submitted an urgent application to the
2099:
418:
and Chris Roper. During that period, it was reported that the expansion to the compound would cost R65 million, paid for by the taxpayer. Expansion to the compound included the installation of a
1929:
500:, seeking to prevent the release of the provisional report. The ministers requested more time to review and respond to the provisional report, and also claimed that they had not been given a
309:. Zuma ultimately apologised for using public money to improve his private residence and in April 2016 he was asked to resign by prominent public figures, including anti-apartheid activist
351:
In 2008, according to Zuma, Zuma's family undertook a private construction project, using personal funds, to improve the homestead and build three new houses. In May 2009, pursuant to the
2624:
797:
6201:
2203:
996:
2016:
731:
amount should be paid within 45 days of its approval by the Court, Zuma repaid the full amount in September 2016. However, he financed the repayment using a R7.8 million loan from
6123:
1799:
5371:
646:
them. The second ad hoc committee challenged the findings of the Public Protector and referred the matter to security experts including the police minister in November 2014.
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said the opposition party adopted a "cowboy style" approach to getting the answers it wanted, and questioned Zille's use of the word "compound" to describe the homestead.
302:
3512:
2722:
286:, concerning what were ostensibly security upgrades to Zuma's compound, at a cost of over R246 million. The use of public funds to make these improvements (including
4142:
2755:
2091:
1539:
5834:
1686:
1490:
3433:
609:
to stop distribution of the text message on the grounds that it violated the Electoral Act. On 4 April 2014, the court ruled that the wording of the message was
1708:
313:, due to the scandal. In line with the Constitutional Court's judgement, Zuma repaid the state for the non-security upgrades – priced at R7.81 million by the
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1898:
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policy instituted under Zuma's predecessor – a process immediately began to assess and improve security measures at the President's private residences.
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to determine the amount that Zuma must pay back and ordered Zuma to do so within 45 days of the court's approval of the National Treasury report.
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adopted the report of a third parliamentary ad hoc committee which accepted the findings of Nxesi and Nhleko and cleared Zuma. Opposition parties
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5357:
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2039:
1177:
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1467:
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Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others; Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others
6328:
5329:
4188:
4149:
2008:
505:
344:, administers KwaZulu-Natal's traditional lands on behalf of the state for the benefit of its occupants. Zuma's property comprises 3.83
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5001:
4357:
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921:
765:
496:, and which was viewed as dominated by Zuma loyalists. On 8 November, the cluster brought an urgent interdict against Madonsela in the
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Only the control centre on the ground floor of the visitors' centre could be reasonably considered to constitute a security upgrade;
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356:
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3109:
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1597:
627:
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4889:
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1890:
1298:
760:
1023:
6246:
5287:
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1127:
969:
719:
The reasonable cost of the five items amounted to R8.88 million as of June 2009 and R11.75 million as of May 2016, including
551:
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joined their application. Madonsela said that the case was part of a series of state attempts to obstruct her investigation.
371:
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43:
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1100:
638:(SIU) mandated to investigate the matter by Zuma in December 2013 is suing the architect for R155.3 million in the
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in late November 2013. The title came from the text of one public complaint, which Madonsela reproduced in the report:
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3463:
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489:
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1405:
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691:
314:
1829:
537:
A provisional draft of Madonsela's report, under the working title "Opulence on a Grand Scale," was leaked to the
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5015:
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granted VBS an order forcing Zuma to pay back the bond. The property itself could not be attached to the bond as
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467:(DA), and three other members of the public. The investigation was conducted in terms of section 182 of the
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119:
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481:
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1951:
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6158:
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3849:
3393:
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3166:
2917:
2897:
2887:
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2641:
635:
390:
726:
Zuma should be personally liable for 87.94% of the costs, corresponding to R7,814,155 as of June 2009.
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4917:
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3458:
3383:
3114:
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2392:
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686:
delivered a unanimous ruling stating that the Public Protector's report was binding and Zuma and the
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279:
1560:
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4128:
3911:
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378:
363:
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1213:
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6098:
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5839:
5759:
4473:
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3640:
3216:
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2487:
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1575:
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804:
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639:
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4012:
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3720:
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3181:
3087:
2862:
2707:
2655:
2604:
2281:
1379:
1053:"LISTEN | We lied in Zuma's defence, Mbalula says about Nkandla 'fire pool' security upgrade"
831:
668:
subsequently approached the Constitutional Court to enforce the Public Protector's findings.
598:
30:
594:, a member of the governing tri-partite alliance, asked for the overpricing to be reviewed.
5804:
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4079:
3842:
3835:
3787:
3570:
3333:
2683:
2472:
2407:
1001:
748:
634:
citing insufficient time available before the 7 May election date. As of 11 August 2014, a
8:
6313:
6128:
6067:
5784:
5779:
5769:
5764:
5211:
5183:
5057:
4575:
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4501:
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3897:
3704:
3326:
3206:
3151:
3129:
2857:
2798:
2712:
2669:
2619:
2609:
2420:
2204:"Nkandla ConCourt ruling: President Zuma and National Assembly in breach of Constitution"
1154:"Mbalula's admission ANC lied about Zuma's Nkandla fire pool 'an insult to constitution'"
1048:
529:
that authorises the President to condone any action or omission of the Public Protector.
501:
282:, the homestead was the subject of a major public controversy, sometimes referred to as
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5899:
5894:
5889:
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5879:
5874:
3904:
3305:
3279:
2568:
1462:
1246:
1218:
410:
250:
232:
176:
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1047:
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4452:
4042:
3632:
3562:
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3298:
2648:
2563:
2523:
1071:
736:
704:
653:
423:
220:
3490:
2788:
305:
that Zuma's non-compliance with the report constituted a violation of the country's
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5420:
4777:
4487:
4267:
3957:
3712:
3680:
3616:
3408:
3267:
3104:
2983:
867:
808:
606:
497:
460:
448:
1709:"ANC case against DA 'Zuma stole your money for Nkandla' sms dismissed with costs"
374:
that was built is described as being part of "questionable security renovations".
6108:
4735:
4649:
4543:
4211:
4135:
4056:
3780:
3664:
3656:
3648:
3624:
3368:
3254:
3221:
3176:
3137:
3066:
2578:
2482:
1663:"COSATU wants Public Protector to reveal truth about Nkandla" (12 November 2012)
892:
732:
720:
452:
334:
6241:
6221:
5489:
5204:
5078:
4721:
4635:
4318:
4260:
4253:
4246:
3964:
3890:
3736:
3696:
3186:
2993:
2907:
2558:
2543:
2528:
1178:"I can’t say anything about Nkandla, even I can’t defend it" (8 November 2012)
740:
513:
386:
310:
480:
On 1 November 2013, Madonsela shared the provisional draft of her report with
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6077:
5406:
5120:
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4204:
4174:
4167:
3876:
3211:
3196:
2998:
2960:
2912:
2662:
2538:
2503:
2457:
456:
415:
341:
271:
141:
128:
3161:
2257:"Nkandla, The Finale: Treasury sets 'reasonable' R7.8m for Zuma to pay back"
1662:
5641:
5064:
4673:
4494:
4445:
3608:
3522:
3398:
2733:
2573:
2553:
2518:
2512:
2339:"Constitutional Court confirms Zuma must pay back R7.8 million for Nkandla"
630:
610:
468:
306:
112:
107:
2365:"VBS Mutual Bank explains how 74-year old Zuma can afford R7.8m home loan"
4657:
3600:
3319:
2533:
1922:"SIU probe into political interference in Nkandla project 'inconclusive'"
708:
585:
580:
431:
393:
and opened an ad hoc committee and said a swimming pool is a fire pool.”
597:
Shortly after the publication of Madonsela's report, the DA sent a bulk
5239:
4770:
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3828:
3688:
3672:
2548:
2443:
2092:"The ANC's Nkandla bloodsport: Extreme foot-shooting and self-sabotage"
330:
263:
5661:
4691:
4682:
4613:
4019:
3996:
3985:
3312:
3201:
2955:
571:
President would have acted in violation of the Ministerial Handbook.
389:
admitted that ANC MPs lied "in defence of our president , we went to
338:
266:
is situated about 24 km (15 mi) south of the rural town of
238:
5656:
5468:
4959:
4604:
3728:
3585:
690:
failed to uphold the country's constitution. The court ordered the
77:
2040:"No parly committee recommended that Zuma should #PayBackTheMoney"
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1101:"Mbalula admits ANC lied about Nkandla 'fire pool' to defend Zuma"
325:
The compound is situated on Nxamalala Farm in the rural region of
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
3869:
1329:"The immovable object: Madonsela soldiers on with Nkandla report"
1024:"LISTEN: ANC defended Nkandla 'lie' in support of Zuma - Mbalula"
997:"'Security' swimming pool lands South Africa's Zuma in hot water"
419:
396:
Statements by spokesmen have mentioned an apartheid-era law, the
345:
297:
found that Zuma unduly benefited from these improvements and the
2625:
Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture
1128:"ANC broke its back and defended Zuma in futility, says Mbalula"
703:
six-member panel comprising representatives of two professional
290:) received significant media coverage and political opposition.
6014:
5929:
4596:
3752:
3531:
2508:
2175:
1199:
591:
2178:"Zuma Blinks Again: Home-Cost Concession Signals Waning Power"
6266:
5964:
5869:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5774:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5684:
5679:
3744:
2412:
2009:"Mantashe hails inter-ministerial task team's Nkandla report"
1800:"DA's 'Zuma stole money' SMS okay, says Constitutional Court"
1649:"Zille, Mac go at each other over Nkandla" (5 November 2012)
555:
1830:"Nkandla: Nxesi explains why security upgrade was essential"
1271:"Jacob Zuma faces investigation over plans to renovate home"
6052:
1299:"Nkandla report: Security cluster take Madonsela to court"
893:"Anti-apartheid veteran Kathrada calls for Zuma to resign"
1483:"Damning Nkandla report finds Zuma must pay for upgrades"
970:"The Nkandla security upgrade explained – Govt task team"
618:
set aside the Electoral Court ruling on 19 January 2015.
5606:
1049:
https://www.timeslive.co.za/authors/bulelani-nonyukela
484:'s security cluster, which included the Ministries of
3520:
1983:"MPs argue over new Nkandla ad hoc committee's tasks"
1532:"Nkandla report: Zuma unduly benefited from upgrades"
614:
The court case was ultimately won by the DA when the
2176:Amogelang Mbatha, Michael Cohen (3 February 2016).
1234:
766:
2014 South African general election § Controversies
1354:"Madonsela granted Nkandla interdict postponement"
751:because the land is not owned by Zuma personally.
1952:"Nkandla: These officials are to blame, says SIU"
1561:"Police stop Zille at Nkandla" (4 November 2012)
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
761:National Key Points Act, 1980 § Nkandla homestead
671:
205:Minenhle Makhanya at Minenhle Makhanya Architects
6305:
3077:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty
866:
4310:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
2972:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa
1505:"Nkandla: It's still opulence on a grand scale"
922:"Court rules VBS can seize Jacob Zuma's assets"
1242:"Who paid the R20m for Zuma's Nkandla houses?"
872:"Secure in Comfort (Report No. 25 of 2013/24)"
777:
437:
333:was born and raised. The land is owned by the
259:The private residence of former South African
5592:
3506:
2749:
2428:
2763:
1739:"ANC granted leave to appeal in DA SMS case"
1424:
385:birthday celebrations ANC Secretary General
6068:President of South Africa Residence Nkandla
3016:South African Liberal Students' Association
2066:"ANC welcomes 'exceptional' Nkandla report"
1884:
1882:
1406:"Madonsela to depoliticise Nkandla process"
1192:"Nkandla prices a joke" (10 November 2012)
506:Minister of Public Works and Infrastructure
5599:
5585:
3513:
3499:
2756:
2742:
2435:
2421:
1854:
2145:
2143:
2037:
1152:Nemakonde, Vhahangwele (8 January 2024).
1151:
475:
4383:Reconstruction and Development Programme
2254:
2089:
2063:
2007:Magubane, Khulekani (19 December 2013).
2006:
1980:
1888:
1879:
1770:"Court orders DA to retract Nkandla SMS"
1452:
1450:
1448:
1326:
944:
942:
320:
6267:Rheinmetall Denel Munition South Africa
6058:Mahlamba Ndlopfu Presidential Residence
3979:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
2123:"Nkandla: Zuma's off the hook, for now"
2120:
1919:
1806:. SAPA. 20 January 2015. Archived from
1767:
1480:
919:
565:
408:The initial story was uncovered by the
18:Building in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
6344:Residential buildings in KwaZulu-Natal
6306:
6063:Sefako Makgatho Presidential Residence
4460:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
2149:
2140:
1962:from the original on 15 September 2014
1932:from the original on 14 September 2014
1920:Marrian, Natasha (12 September 2014).
1901:from the original on 14 September 2014
1616:
1590:
1470:from the original on 13 December 2013.
6247:BAE Systems Land Systems South Africa
6053:Nelson Mandela Qunu Village residence
5580:
3494:
2737:
2416:
2307:
2305:
2250:
2248:
2201:
2019:from the original on 20 December 2013
1981:Makinana, Andisiwe (19 August 2014).
1891:"Nkandla upgrades enriched Zuma: SIU"
1889:Ferreira, Emsie (12 September 2014).
1676:
1529:
1445:
1322:
1320:
1293:
1291:
1268:
994:
939:
6104:Northern Cape Provincial Legislature
3010:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
2152:"DA joins EFF in Nkandla court case"
2150:Rabkin, Franny (15 September 2015).
1458:"Nkandla report: Payback time, Zuma"
1185:
964:
962:
960:
915:
913:
911:
909:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
743:in August 2018. In August 2022, the
574:
6262:South African National Space Agency
6094:Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature
6078:Presidential Residence (Genadendal)
5608:National Key Points in South Africa
4390:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
4036:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
3098:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
2398:Report of the Ministerial Task Team
2121:Gqirana, Thulani (19 August 2015).
1493:from the original on 25 March 2016.
1327:Nicolson, Greg (20 November 2013).
995:Laing, Aislinn (29 November 2013).
949:"Zuma doesn't own Nkandla compound"
274:and is commonly referred to as the
13:
6329:Political scandals in South Africa
6144:Western Cape Provincial Parliament
3033:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
2978:Congress of South African Students
2827:
2302:
2255:Munusamy, Ranjeni (27 June 2016).
2245:
2064:Presence, Chantall (28 May 2015).
2038:Lamprecht, Maryna (7 March 2016).
1867:from the original on 29 April 2014
1855:Vecchiatto, Paul (28 April 2014).
1679:"Nkandla SMS court case postponed"
1568:
1542:from the original on 21 March 2014
1317:
1288:
377:In January 2024, at an address in
14:
6360:
6283:O. R. Tambo International Airport
6202:Onderstepoort Biological Products
6114:North West Provincial Legislature
5740:Durban North Distribution Station
5735:Durban South Distribution Station
5549:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
5177:South African Party (Cape Colony)
2386:
2202:Thamm, Marianne (31 March 2016).
2090:Munusamy, Ranjeni (3 June 2015).
1719:from the original on 4 April 2014
1481:Ackroyd, Bianca (19 March 2014).
1125:
957:
920:van Wyk, Pauli (30 August 2022).
906:
851:
6288:King Shaka International Airport
5815:Muldersvlei Transmission Station
5561:
5560:
3475:
3474:
3268:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)
3004:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
2102:from the original on 7 July 2015
442:
213:CA du Toit (Security consultant)
106:
49:
42:
29:
6293:Cape Town International Airport
6179:South African Bank Note Company
6134:Houses of Parliament, Cape Town
6000:Transnet Pipeline Witbank Depot
5750:Lotus Park Distribution station
5720:Klaarwater Distribution Station
5680:Grassridge Transmission Station
5191:South African Party (1977–1980)
5184:South African Party (1911–1934)
5100:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
4897:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
3022:South African Students Congress
2403:Report of the National Treasury
2357:
2331:
2274:
2221:
2195:
2169:
2114:
2083:
2057:
2031:
2000:
1974:
1944:
1913:
1848:
1822:
1792:
1780:from the original on 7 May 2014
1761:
1745:. 12 April 2014. Archived from
1731:
1701:
1689:from the original on 1 May 2014
1670:
1656:
1642:
1554:
1523:
1497:
1474:
1398:
1372:
1346:
1269:Smith, David (8 October 2012).
1262:
1171:
1145:
1119:
1093:
601:to Gauteng voters ahead of the
50:
5825:Droeriver Transmission Station
4509:2019 service delivery protests
4495:#FeesMustFall student protests
4240:1983 constitutional referendum
2936:South Africa political parties
2442:
2393:Report of the Public Protector
2313:"Zuma has paid back the money"
1677:Stone, Setumo (1 April 2014).
1530:Evans, Sarah (19 March 2014).
1041:
1016:
988:
885:
811:. January 2014. Archived from
672:Constitutional Court judgement
504:during the investigation. The
403:
1:
6319:Controversies in South Africa
6227:Main Telephone Exchange (PPR)
6124:Government Building Nelspruit
5830:Koeberg Nuclear Power Station
4967:Johannesburg Reform Committee
4196:Israel–South Africa Agreement
3589:
3574:
3551:
3544:
3172:(Don't) touch me on my studio
3028:South African Wine Initiative
1768:Grobler, Andre (6 May 2014).
1432:"Legislation - PPSA Internet"
1380:"State folds in Nkandla case"
1214:"Zuma's R65m Nkandla splurge"
771:
621:
237:Minenhle Makhaya Architects (
5725:Pegasus Transmission Station
5705:Minerva Transmission Station
5685:Perseus Transmission Station
4622:Black Consciousness Movement
4376:Government of National Unity
3120:Unemployed Peoples' Movement
2966:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
2615:Nkandla firepool controversy
2282:"Zuma gets his Nkandla bill"
697:
422:, visitors' center, private
243:Mustapha & Cachalia CC (
7:
6252:Hartebeeshoek Earth Station
6139:120 Plein Street, Cape Town
5820:Acasia Transmission Station
5745:Athene Transmission Station
5715:Impala Transmission Station
5700:Apollo Transmission Station
4333:Saint James Church massacre
4219:Weapons of mass destruction
3348:No Land! No House! No Vote!
3262:No Land! No House! No Vote!
1578:. City Press. 23 March 2014
754:
745:Pietermaritzburg High Court
532:
438:Public Protector's findings
10:
6365:
6349:Corruption in South Africa
5990:Bosloop Water Pump Station
5940:Tarlton Distribution Depot
5865:OilTanking Grindrod Calulo
5695:Hydra Transmission Station
4073:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
3951:South West Africa campaign
3850:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
3815:French Huguenot settlement
675:
636:Special Investigating Unit
512:argued by Police Minister
225:Igoda Projects (Pty) Ltd (
6275:
6187:
6119:KwaZulu-Natal Legislature
6086:
6043:
5980:Grootfontein Pump Station
5853:
5730:Drakensberg Power Station
5670:
5614:
5558:
5535:African National Congress
5524:
5430:
5263:
4988:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
4711:
4702:
4560:
4356:
4326:1992 apartheid referendum
3995:
3940:
3859:
3797:
3770:
3763:
3529:
3472:
3361:
3288:
3246:
3145:
3128:
3115:Treatment Action Campaign
3093:Landless Peoples Movement
3061:South Africa trade unions
3046:
2943:
2926:
2850:
2839:
2825:
2771:
2718:2021 South African unrest
2700:
2633:
2587:
2496:
2468:Gertrude Sizakele Khumalo
2450:
1598:"Doen nou die regte ding"
1576:"Our expensive president"
739:on his repayments of the
662:Economic Freedom Fighters
519:
360:President of South Africa
209:
201:
196:
188:
183:
172:
157:
118:
101:
91:
83:
73:
68:
37:
28:
23:
6324:Politics of South Africa
6207:SSA Communication Centre
6109:Pretoria Union Buildings
5995:Nooitgedact Pump Station
5975:Rieftontein Pump Station
5935:Airport e-Natis Facility
5775:Sol Transmission Station
4981:Labour Party (1969–1994)
4974:Labour Party (1910–1958)
4530:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
4488:#RhodesMustFall protests
4087:1960 republic referendum
3434:Political assassinations
3110:Social Justice Coalition
3072:Mandela Park Backyarders
2765:Politics of South Africa
2229:"Breach of Constitution"
1836:. SAPA. 19 December 2013
707:firms, two professional
640:KwaZulu-Natal High Court
607:South Gauteng High Court
288:a controversial firepool
161:29 August 2009
5840:Ankerlig Power Station
5710:Grootvlei Power Station
5662:Mokolo Dam Pump Station
5433:terrorist organisations
5233:National Party of Venda
4516:2019 Johannesburg riots
4129:Constructive engagement
4094:International isolation
3912:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
3274:One Settler, One Bullet
2642:The President's Keepers
2343:The Mail & Guardian
1857:"Nkandla probe stalled"
1358:The Mail & Guardian
1303:The Mail & Guardian
1105:The Mail & Guardian
398:National Key Points Act
197:Design and construction
142:28.843968°S 31.099414°E
6339:Houses in South Africa
6197:Square Kilometre Array
6099:Free State Legislature
6030:FA Production Platform
5890:Kroonstad Pump Station
5880:Coalbrook Pump Station
5875:Bethlehem Pump Station
5835:Gourikwa Power Station
5760:Hendrina Power Station
5673:and transmission sites
5671:Electricity generation
4439:Attack on Kennedy Road
4050:Congress of the People
3641:South African Republic
3232:Anti-Chinese sentiment
3217:White monopoly capital
3083:Poor People's Alliance
2833:
2488:Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
2478:Nompumelelo Ntuli Zuma
2463:Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla
839:Cite journal requires
682:On 31 March 2016, the
547:
476:Ministerial litigation
430:s investigative unit,
372:controversial firepool
362:, and – in terms of a
327:Nkandla, KwaZulu-Natal
245:Mechanical engineering
227:Electrical engineering
96:Nkandla, KwaZulu-Natal
6010:Zaaihoek Pump Station
5985:Vygeboom Pump Station
5810:Matimba Power Station
5690:Lethabo Power Station
5009:Natal Indian Congress
4729:Afrikaner Broederbond
4583:Afrikaner nationalism
4369:1994 general election
4340:Bophuthatswana crisis
4233:Church Street bombing
4013:Apartheid legislation
4006:1948 general election
3926:South Africa Act 1909
3721:Union of South Africa
3541:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
3521:Political history of
3419:Legacies of apartheid
3280:"Each One, Teach One"
3237:Anti-Indian sentiment
3182:Proudly South African
3088:Abahlali baseMjondolo
2863:Afrikaner nationalism
2831:
2708:Jacob Zuma Foundation
2656:The Republic of Gupta
1958:. 14 September 2014.
628:public works minister
626:On 19 December 2013,
603:2014 general election
552:officially a firepool
543:
447:By October 2012, the
426:and parking lot. The
379:Barberton, Mpumalanga
353:2009 general election
342:Misuzulu kaZwelithini
321:Property and upgrades
317:– in September 2016.
231:R&G Consultants (
147:-28.843968; 31.099414
78:Rondavel architecture
6334:2015 in South Africa
6190:and technology sites
6025:PetroSA GTL Refinery
6005:Khutala Pump Station
5970:Jericho Pump Station
5805:Majuba Power Station
5800:Komati Power Station
5795:Kendal Power Station
5790:Tutuka Power Station
5755:Camden Power Station
4643:Greater South Africa
4481:2014 platinum strike
4347:Shell House massacre
4275:Transkei coup d'état
4080:Sharpeville massacre
3843:Battle of Blaauwberg
3836:Battle of Muizenberg
3788:Battle of Salt River
3571:Mthethwa Paramountcy
3439:Political repression
3334:Long Walk to Freedom
2832:Flag of South Africa
2691:Rape of Lady Justice
2634:Media and literature
2473:Gugulethu Zuma-Ncube
1466:. 29 November 2013.
684:Constitutional Court
616:Constitutional Court
566:Ministerial Handbook
428:Mail & Guardian'
299:Constitutional Court
241:and principal agent)
215:Ibhongo Consulting (
158:Construction started
6164:SARB Port Elizabeth
6149:SARB Port Elizabeth
6129:Limpopo Legislature
5785:Duvha Power Station
5780:Matla Power Station
5770:Arnot Power Station
5765:Kriel Power Station
5542:Democratic Alliance
4712:Civic and political
4576:Afrikaner Calvinism
4569:African nationalism
4418:African Renaissance
4108:UNSC Resolution 591
4029:Internal resistance
3930:National Convention
3898:Transvaal Civil War
3822:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
3705:Orange River Colony
3429:Phala Phala robbery
3327:I Write What I Like
3152:African Renaissance
2878:Black consciousness
2858:African nationalism
2677:Enemy of the People
2620:Vrede Dairy Project
2371:. 14 September 2016
2319:. 12 September 2016
2127:Mail & Guardian
1987:Mail & Guardian
1834:Mail & Guardian
1810:on 14 February 2015
1774:Mail & Guardian
1651:Mail & Guardian
1563:Mail & Guardian
1536:Mail & Guardian
1509:Mail & Guardian
1463:Mail & Guardian
1247:Mail & Guardian
1219:Mail & Guardian
798:"Secure In Comfort"
666:Democratic Alliance
539:Mail & Guardian
498:Pretoria High Court
465:Democratic Alliance
411:Mail & Guardian
138: /
74:Architectural style
69:General information
24:Nkandla (Homestead)
6237:African Explosives
6217:Denel Land Systems
5920:Total Depot Alrode
5915:Sasol Depot Alrode
5905:Shell Depot Alrode
5885:Sasol Pump Station
5615:Water supply sites
4282:Ciskei coup d'état
4101:UN Resolution 1761
4066:Women's March 1956
3919:South African Wars
3905:Mineral Revolution
2834:
2723:Presidential Trips
2600:Corruption charges
2569:Busisiwe Mkhwebane
1412:. 20 November 2013
1386:. 15 November 2013
976:. 19 December 2013
705:quantity surveying
463:of the opposition
329:, where President
251:Project management
233:Quantity surveying
6301:
6300:
6174:SARB Johannesburg
6159:SARB Bloemfontein
6046:residential sites
5895:Magdala TPL Depot
5574:
5573:
5527:political parties
5520:
5519:
5497:Orde van die Dood
5107:Progressive Party
4813:Congress Alliance
4629:Cape Independence
4561:Political culture
4556:
4555:
4523:COVID-19 pandemic
4453:Marikana massacre
4289:Venda coup d'état
4043:Defiance Campaign
3633:Orange Free State
3563:Dutch Cape Colony
3488:
3487:
3379:Cape Independence
3357:
3356:
3299:African Communist
3255:Amandla Ngawethu!
3157:Alternative media
3146:Political culture
3138:South African law
3042:
3041:
2928:Political parties
2731:
2730:
2713:Nkandla homestead
2649:Our Poisoned Land
2595:Contempt of court
2588:Events and trials
2564:Nomvula Mokonyane
2524:Hlaudi Motsoeneng
1360:. 8 November 2013
1305:. 8 November 2013
1222:. 4 December 2009
1079:External link in
870:(19 March 2014).
692:National Treasury
688:National Assembly
658:National Assembly
654:Nkosinathi Nhleko
579:Police prevented
575:Political fallout
560:Zuma's reelection
424:military hospital
337:, which, through
315:National Treasury
280:Zuma's presidency
276:Nkandla homestead
257:
256:
221:Civil engineering
184:Technical details
6356:
6212:CSIR Wind Tunnel
6154:SARB East London
6087:Government sites
6020:PetroSA Voorbaai
6015:Chevron Refinery
5960:Rustenburg Depot
5950:Langlaagte Depot
5945:Klerksdorp Depot
5858:processing sites
5601:
5594:
5587:
5578:
5577:
5564:
5563:
5551:
5544:
5537:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5431:Paramilitary and
5423:
5421:Umkosi Wezintaba
5416:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5266:social movements
5264:Trade unions and
5256:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4778:Boerestaat Party
4773:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4709:
4708:
4695:
4686:
4677:
4668:
4661:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4608:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4549:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4268:Dakar Conference
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4198:
4191:
4189:Israeli alliance
4184:
4177:
4170:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4143:Sporting boycott
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4115:Academic boycott
4110:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4022:
4015:
4008:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3972:Great Depression
3967:
3960:
3958:Maritz rebellion
3953:
3933:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3808:Dutch settlement
3790:
3783:
3781:Bantu migrations
3768:
3767:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3713:Transvaal Colony
3708:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3681:Nieuwe Republiek
3676:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3617:Natalia Republic
3612:
3604:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3586:Ndwandwe Kingdom
3581:
3579:
3576:
3566:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3478:
3477:
3414:Land occupations
3409:Labour brokering
3341:Molotov Cocktail
3244:
3243:
3105:Reclaim the City
3053:Social movements
2984:Earthlife Africa
2883:Environmentalism
2848:
2847:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2735:
2734:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2287:Corruption Watch
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1749:on 14 April 2014
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1715:. 4 April 2014.
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1674:
1668:
1660:
1654:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1572:
1566:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1454:
1443:
1442:
1439:www.pprotect.org
1436:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1210:
1197:
1189:
1183:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1107:. 8 January 2024
1097:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
992:
986:
985:
983:
981:
966:
955:
946:
937:
936:
934:
932:
917:
904:
903:
901:
899:
889:
883:
882:
880:
878:
868:Public Protector
864:
849:
848:
842:
837:
835:
827:
825:
823:
818:on 26 April 2015
817:
809:Public Protector
802:
794:
735:, and allegedly
649:On 28 May 2015,
461:Lindiwe Mazibuko
449:Public Protector
295:Public Protector
293:A report of the
168:
166:
153:
152:
150:
149:
148:
143:
139:
136:
135:
134:
131:
111:
110:
53:
52:
46:
33:
21:
20:
6364:
6363:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6271:
6189:
6183:
6082:
6045:
6039:
5900:Wilge TPL Depot
5870:Natref Refinery
5857:
5855:
5849:
5672:
5666:
5610:
5605:
5575:
5570:
5554:
5547:
5540:
5533:
5526:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5265:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4925:HNP (Herstigte)
4923:
4918:HNP (Herenigde)
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4736:Afrikaner Party
4734:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4704:
4698:
4689:
4680:
4671:
4664:
4655:
4650:Honorary whites
4648:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4611:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4552:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4411:Soweto bombings
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4212:Soweto Uprising
4210:
4203:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4136:Tar Baby Option
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4057:Freedom Charter
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3936:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3657:Griqualand West
3655:
3649:Griqualand East
3647:
3639:
3631:
3623:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3592:
3584:
3577:
3569:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3539:
3525:
3519:
3489:
3484:
3468:
3449:Sexual violence
3369:Corrective rape
3353:
3290:
3284:
3242:
3222:Ungovernability
3177:Freedom Charter
3141:
3124:
3067:Equal Education
3051:
3038:
2947:
2939:
2922:
2842:
2835:
2823:
2767:
2762:
2732:
2727:
2696:
2629:
2583:
2579:Ivor Ichikowitz
2492:
2483:Thuthukile Zuma
2446:
2441:
2389:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2253:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2148:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1887:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1630:. 20 March 2014
1622:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1604:. 23 March 2014
1596:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1511:. 20 March 2014
1503:
1502:
1498:
1479:
1475:
1456:
1455:
1446:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1325:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1212:
1211:
1200:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1126:Madia, Tshidi.
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
993:
989:
979:
977:
968:
967:
958:
947:
940:
930:
928:
918:
907:
897:
895:
891:
890:
886:
876:
874:
865:
852:
840:
838:
829:
828:
821:
819:
815:
800:
796:
795:
778:
774:
757:
733:VBS Mutual Bank
700:
680:
674:
651:police minister
624:
577:
568:
535:
522:
478:
453:Thuli Madonsela
445:
440:
406:
381:, ahead of the
335:Ingonyama Trust
323:
248:
242:
236:
230:
224:
214:
210:Main contractor
164:
162:
146:
144:
140:
137:
132:
129:
127:
125:
124:
105:
64:
63:
62:
61:
60:
59:
58:
54:
19:
12:
11:
5:
6362:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6279:
6277:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6242:Denel Aviation
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6222:Denel Dynamics
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6193:
6191:
6188:Space, science
6185:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6049:
6047:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5955:Meyerton Depot
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5930:Chevron Texaco
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5910:Chevron Alrode
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5856:fuel depot and
5851:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5611:
5604:
5603:
5596:
5589:
5581:
5572:
5571:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5545:
5538:
5530:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5490:Ossewabrandwag
5486:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5436:
5434:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5417:
5410:
5403:
5396:
5389:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5277:
5269:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5226:Unionist Party
5222:
5215:
5208:
5205:Torch Commando
5201:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5138:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5079:Orde Boerevolk
5075:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4855:DP (1989–2000)
4851:
4848:DP (1973–1977)
4844:
4841:Dominion Party
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4722:Afrikaner Bond
4717:
4715:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4687:
4678:
4669:
4662:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4636:Day of the Vow
4632:
4625:
4618:
4609:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4404:Floor crossing
4400:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4364:
4362:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4319:Bisho massacre
4315:
4314:
4313:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4261:Operation Vula
4257:
4254:Rubicon speech
4250:
4247:Langa massacre
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4153:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4009:
4001:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3965:Rand Rebellion
3961:
3954:
3946:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3891:Boer Republics
3887:
3880:
3873:
3865:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3803:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3784:
3776:
3774:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3737:Bophuthatswana
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3697:Klein Vrystaat
3693:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3582:
3567:
3559:
3536:
3534:
3527:
3526:
3518:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3270:
3265:
3258:
3250:
3248:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3197:Tenderpreneurs
3194:
3189:
3187:Rainbow nation
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3080:
3074:
3069:
3057:
3055:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2996:
2994:Khanya College
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2932:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2908:Pan-Africanism
2905:
2903:Libertarianism
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2559:Shaun Abrahams
2556:
2551:
2546:
2544:Mzwanele Manyi
2541:
2536:
2531:
2529:Richard Mdluli
2526:
2521:
2516:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2451:Family members
2448:
2447:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2387:External links
2385:
2383:
2382:
2356:
2345:. 27 July 2016
2330:
2317:Daily Maverick
2301:
2290:. 29 June 2016
2273:
2261:Daily Maverick
2244:
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1333:Daily Maverick
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926:Daily Maverick
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841:|journal=
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676:Main article:
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514:Nathi Mthethwa
486:State Security
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387:Fikile Mbalula
322:
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311:Ahmed Kathrada
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5407:Die Spoorbund
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5247:Workers Party
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5121:Radio Freedom
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5072:Oranjewerkers
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4502:Tshwane riots
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4226:Project Coast
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4205:Mafeje affair
4202:
4197:
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4179:
4176:
4175:Durban Moment
4172:
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4168:Rivonia Trial
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4122:Disinvestment
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3877:1820 Settlers
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3212:UnFreedom Day
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2999:Koeberg Alert
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2961:Afrikanerbond
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2913:Non-racialism
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2814:Northern Cape
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2794:KwaZulu-Natal
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2182:Bloomberg.com
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1250:. 6 June 2014
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1002:The Telegraph
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4467:Nkandlagate
4296:Third Force
4157:Rugby union
3755:(1981–1994)
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3739:(1977–1994)
3731:(1976–1994)
3723:(1910–1961)
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3667:(1882–1883)
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3643:(1856–1902)
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3619:(1839–1843)
3611:(1816–1897)
3603:(1795–1910)
3601:Cape Colony
3593: 1780
3578: 1780
3565:(1652–1806)
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3464:Third Force
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2534:John Hlophe
1814:14 February
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1082:|last=
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179:246 631 303
145: /
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6314:Jacob Zuma
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5240:Volksparty
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3884:Great Trek
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3689:Upingtonia
3673:Stellaland
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2918:Trotskyism
2898:Liberalism
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2549:Dudu Myeni
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2375:12 October
2349:17 October
2323:17 October
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2266:17 October
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1956:City Press
1743:City Press
1713:Times LIVE
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1180:City Press
980:17 October
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622:Parliament
554:), cattle
391:Parliament
331:Jacob Zuma
264:Jacob Zuma
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165:2009-08-29
133:31°05′58″E
130:28°50′38″S
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4683:Uitlander
4614:Boerehaat
4590:Anarchism
4397:Arms Deal
4360:apartheid
4020:Pass laws
3997:Apartheid
3942:1910–1948
3861:1815–1910
3799:1652–1815
3459:Terrorism
3389:e-tolling
3384:Elections
3313:ANC Today
3289:Books and
3202:Toyi-toyi
2989:Keep Left
2956:AfriForum
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2841:Political
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2408:JZ's Crib
2237:10 August
1992:30 August
1624:"Nkandla"
1163:8 January
1137:8 January
1132:ewn.co.za
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1057:TimesLIVE
1033:8 January
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698:Repayment
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278:. During
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2017:Archived
1960:Archived
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533:Findings
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4703:Defunct
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3012:(PAGAD)
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2789:Gauteng
2161:1 April
2049:1 April
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1515:3 June
1410:News24
1254:6 June
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