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In general terms, the northern group is the less well economically developed of the two chains, having far less connection with the rest of the world than the southern chain. A compounding factor is the limited economic resources of the islands; though fishing is important to the group, the coral
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The two chains are also geographically different: although both chains are formed from coral atolls which grew around volcanoes, the northern islands are far older, and the volcanic cones have sunk. As such, the northern chain is much lower lying than the southern chain. The two island chains are
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With an area of just 21 sq. km. and a population of 1,041 (according to the 2016 census), the islands only account for some 6% of the Cooks' population and 9% of the land area. Almost all of this population is on the three islands of
Pukapuka, Manihiki, and Penrhyn.
152:, and their crew reached and named the island of San Bernardo in 1595, now widely believed to have been Pukapuka. De Queirós returned to the region in 1606 in charge of his own vessel, making landfall at Rakahanga.
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The chain forms a roughly inverted triangular shape, stretching from
Penrhyn in the northeast to Pukapuka in the northwest and to Suwarrow in the south. The Northern Cook Islands are separated from the
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178:. Despite this, the United States military acknowledged New Zealand sovereignty during World War II operations. The Cook Islands became a self-governing
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soil is of poor fertility and fresh water is generally in poor supply. The population is in decline, having reduced from over 2000 in the early 1960s.
206:(and the propensity for greater damage due to its low-lying nature) has also caused considerable hardship, with severe damage being recorded after
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with New
Zealand in 1965, and the US relinquished any last claims to the islands when it signed the 1980
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From the 1850s until 1980, the United States laid claim to much of the northern chain under the
163:) being almost completely depopulated. At the end of the century, the chain became part of the
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214:(for the same reason) has also not encouraged economic development of the islands.
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during the 19th century, with the island of
Tongareva (now more widely known as
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for several centuries before the first
European visitors, Spanish explorer
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235:"Cook Islands Ministry of Finance and Economic Management, 2016 Census"
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55:. Lying in a horizontal band between 9° and 13°30' south of the
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Monthly Global
Tropical Cyclone Summary: February 2005
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104:, with the nearest part of the Southern chain being
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Cook
Islands–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty
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167:before the entire protectorate was annexed to
23:Map showing the two chains of the Cook Islands
155:The population of the chain was decimated by
210:in 2005. The vulnerability of the chain to
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322:Hawthorn, VIC, Australia: Lonely Planet.
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126:Central Polynesian tropical moist forest
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318:Wheeler, T., and Keller, N. J., (1994)
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385:Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean
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130:Cook Islands tropical moist forest
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280:Wheeler & Keller, p. 176–177.
31:Anchorage Island, Suwarrow atoll
320:Rarotonga and the Cook Islands.
305:. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
303:www.australiasevereweather.com
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380:Landforms of the Cook Islands
289:Wheeler & Keller, p. 173.
271:Wheeler & Keller, p. 180.
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262:Wheeler & Keller, p. 20.
140:The islands were settled by
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47:is one of the two chains of
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390:Islands of the Cook Islands
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150:Pedro Fernandes de Queirós
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165:Cook Islands Protectorate
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375:Northern Cook Islands
98:Southern Cook Islands
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351:10.000°S 160.000°W
51:which make up the
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204:tropical cyclones
176:Guano Islands Act
146:Álvaro de Mendaña
118:marine ecoregions
106:Palmerston Island
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39:Rakahanga lagoon
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245:29 September
243:. Retrieved
239:the original
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157:blackbirding
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148:, navigator
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53:Cook Islands
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169:New Zealand
142:Polynesians
369:Categories
218:References
171:in 1900.
122:ecoregion
91:Geography
85:Tema Reef
77:Rakahanga
81:Suwarrow
73:Pukapuka
61:Manihiki
342:160°0′W
194:Economy
161:Penrhyn
136:History
69:Penrhyn
57:Equator
339:10°0′S
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65:Nassau
49:atolls
324:ISBN
247:2021
79:and
43:The
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