293:, to explain how energy is transferred from a first mover placed in the 9th sphere to other spheres, explaining the other spheres' variable speeds and different motions. He contradicts the Aristotelian idea that there is a specific kind of dynamics for each world, applying instead the same dynamics to the sublunar and the celestial worlds.
257:'s planetary model, as the numerical predictions of the planetary positions in his configuration were less accurate than those of the Ptolemaic model, because of the difficulty of mapping Ptolemy's epicyclic model onto
190:. Another original aspect of his system was proposing a physical cause of celestial motions. His alternative system spread through most of Europe during the 13th century.
416:
629:
296:
His alternative system spread through most of Europe during the 13th century, with debates and refutations of his ideas continued up to the 16th century.
337:
from a physical point of view. It was well known in Europe between the 13th and the 16th centuries and was regarded as a valid alternative to
Ptolemy's
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1901:
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One original aspect of al-Biṭrūjī's system is his proposal of a physical cause of celestial motions. He combines the idea of "
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1297:
520:
Pederson, Olaf. (1978) Science in the Middle Ages. ed. by David
Lindberg. Chicago: Chicago University Press. p. 321
500:
245:
of homocentric spheres. This was a modification of the system of planetary motion proposed by his predecessors,
1165:
1100:
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1216:
2015:
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1120:
264:
It was suggested based on the Latin translations that his system is an update and reformulation of that of
705:
1896:
1775:
1649:
695:
272:. However, it is not known whether the Andalusian cosmologists had access or knowledge of Eudoxus works.
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379:(Escorial MS 1636, dated 1192), which contains material seemingly borrowed from al-Bitruji.
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1130:
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Ptolemaic
Astronomy, Islamic Planetary Theory, and Copernicus's Debt to the Maragha School
8:
1881:
1720:
1700:
1634:
1619:
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602:
Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non western cultures
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241:, and to account for the phenomena peculiar to the wandering stars, by compounding
234:
209:
Almost nothing about his life is known, except that his name probably derives from
187:
1891:
1825:
1589:
1544:
1074:
948:
917:
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852:
680:
536:"Biṭrūjī: Nūr al‐Dīn Abū Isḥāq [Abū Jaʿfar] Ibrāhīm ibn Yūsuf al‐Biṭrūjī"
369:
280:
269:
155:
127:
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2009:
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First non‐Ptolemaic astronomical system; physical cause of celestial motions
1685:
1579:
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1226:
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508:
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model as an alternative to the
Ptolemaic system, with the planets borne by
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432:
The Oxford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam
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72:
68:
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64:
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306:
while discussing theories of the order of the inferior planets.
1745:
1740:
361:
484:(March 1972). "Theory and Observation in Medieval Astronomy",
1810:
1675:
1599:
349:
637:
376:
198:
175:
1468:
429:
19:"Alpetragius" redirects here. For the lunar crater, see
423:
268:
combined with the motion of fixed stars developed by
182:. Al-Biṭrūjī was the first astronomer to present the
326:
284:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
398:
396:
394:
392:
2007:
448:
389:
623:
253:(Abubacer). He was unsuccessful in replacing
16:12th-century Iberian Arab astronomer and Qadi
540:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
375:There is also an anonymous treatise on the
630:
616:
331:), which presented criticism of Ptolemy's
162:, died c. 1204), known in the West by the
538:. In Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.).
434:. Oxford University Press. p. 106.
639:Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
2008:
1436:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
782:Khalid ibn Abd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrudhi
542:. New York: Springer. pp. 133–4.
1457:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
1395:
649:
611:
561:
533:
469:
402:
221:(Abubacer) and was a contemporary of
2066:12th-century writers from al-Andalus
1406:
319:
159:
13:
591:
569:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
564:"Al-Bitruji Al-Ishbili, Abu Ishaq"
414:
228:
14:
2077:
2046:12th-century Spanish philosophers
430:Salim Ayduz, Caner Dagli (2014).
237:in which he wished to avoid both
663:
233:Al-Bitruji proposed a theory on
1161:Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi
650:
152:Nūr al-Dīn ibn Isḥaq al-Biṭrūjī
1650:Schema for horizontal sundials
1166:Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi
691:Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
514:
494:
475:
408:
348:This work was translated into
1:
527:
213:(al-Biṭrawsh), a region near
2061:Philosophers from al-Andalus
1908:Constantinople (Taqi al-Din)
160:نور الدين ابن إسحاق البطروجي
7:
2036:Astronomers from al-Andalus
1897:University of al-Qarawiyyin
1101:Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi
327:
285:
10:
2082:
1396:
1141:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
291:Abū al‐Barakāt al‐Baghdādī
18:
1982:Medieval European science
1964:
1933:
1874:
1663:
1530:
1466:
1413:
1402:
1391:
1352:
1316:
1255:
1242:Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar
1194:
1093:
1022:
999:Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli
941:
810:
714:
673:
662:
658:
645:
145:
119:
111:
103:
93:
83:
78:
60:
55:
51:
43:
35:
28:
2056:12th-century astronomers
2041:Scholars from al-Andalus
2031:13th-century Arab people
2026:12th-century Arab people
1232:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri
1126:Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi
767:Ali ibn Isa al-Asturlabi
511:.(inaccessible document)
382:
309:
300:cited his system in the
239:epicycles and eccentrics
1334:Baha' al-din al-'Amili
1308:'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i
1186:Fakhr al-Din al-Akhlati
1106:Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili
574:Charles Scribner's Sons
261:'s concentric spheres.
217:. He was a disciple of
204:
1615:Navigational astrolabe
1370:Al Achsasi al Mouakket
1136:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
1055:Al-Samawal al-Maghribi
1004:Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani
933:Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi
562:Samsó, Julio (1980) .
1951:Hellenistic astronomy
1922:Samarkand (Ulugh Beg)
1716:Deferent and epicycle
1116:Alam al-Din al-Hanafi
1085:Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
727:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
534:Samsó, Julio (2007).
505:Science and Its Times
328:Book of the Structure
283:) and the concept of
279:" (first proposed by
30:Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji
2051:Islamic philosophers
1941:Babylonian astronomy
1756:Gravitational energy
1131:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
1121:Najm al‐Din al‐Misri
802:Yahya ibn Abi Mansur
701:Mashallah ibn Athari
686:Al-Fadl ibn Naubakht
482:Bernard R. Goldstein
201:is named after him.
21:Alpetragius (crater)
2016:12th-century births
1882:Al-Azhar University
1701:Celestial mechanics
1491:Book of Fixed Stars
1450:The Book of Healing
1429:Aja'ib al-Makhluqat
1171:Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi
1146:Zakariya al-Qazwini
757:Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf
752:Abu Hanifa Dinawari
368:translated it into
56:Academic background
1946:Egyptian astronomy
1887:House of Knowledge
1565:Astronomical clock
1375:Muhammad al-Rudani
772:Banū Mūsā brothers
722:Abu Ali al-Khayyat
360:(first printed in
358:De motibus celorum
188:geocentric spheres
184:concentric spheres
88:Islamic Golden Age
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1977:Chinese astronomy
1972:Byzantine science
1846:Temporal finitism
1776:Islamic cosmology
1706:Celestial spheres
1526:
1525:
1418:Arabic star names
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1247:Fathullah Shirazi
1181:Al-Ashraf Umar II
893:Ibrahim ibn Sinan
696:Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
549:978-0-387-31022-0
441:978-0-19-981257-8
325:
314:Al-Bitruji wrote
303:De revolutionibus
266:Eudoxus of Cnidus
149:
148:
2073:
1987:Indian astronomy
1956:Indian astronomy
1924:
1917:
1910:
1831:Sublunary sphere
1821:Specific gravity
1721:Earth's rotation
1610:Mural instrument
1555:Armillary sphere
1478:Alfonsine tables
1443:Tabula Rogeriana
1423:Islamic calendar
1411:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1393:
1392:
1288:Sibt al-Maridini
1273:Jamshid al-Kashi
994:Said al-Andalusi
797:Thābit ibn Qurra
732:Abu Said Gorgani
706:Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq
660:
659:
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366:Moses ibn Tibbon
330:
324:romanized:
323:
321:
288:
235:planetary motion
161:
26:
25:
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2006:
2005:
2004:
1991:
1960:
1929:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1892:House of Wisdom
1870:
1826:Spherical Earth
1659:
1590:Equatorial ring
1570:Celestial globe
1545:Analog computer
1522:
1517:Sullam al-sama'
1462:
1398:
1379:
1348:
1312:
1251:
1190:
1089:
1075:Jabir ibn Aflah
1018:
949:Abu Nasr Mansur
937:
918:Abolfadl Harawi
853:Ahmad ibn Yusuf
806:
710:
681:Ahmad Nahavandi
669:
654:
641:
636:
594:
592:Further reading
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550:
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519:
515:
499:
495:
491:(1), p. 39-47 .
480:
476:
468:
449:
442:
428:
424:
417:"al-Biṭrūd̲j̲ī"
413:
409:
401:
390:
385:
370:Medieval Hebrew
316:Kitāb al-Hayʾah
312:
289:("desire"), of
281:John Philoponus
249:(Avempace) and
231:
229:Planetary model
207:
128:Albertus Magnus
107:Kitāb al-Hayʾah
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2069:
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2063:
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2028:
2023:
2018:
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1911:
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1889:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1736:Elliptic orbit
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1711:Circular orbit
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
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1683:
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1499:
1497:Toledan Tables
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1360:Yang Guangxian
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1234:
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1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1196:
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1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
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1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1014:Ali ibn Khalaf
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
989:Kushyar Gilani
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
959:Ali ibn Ridwan
956:
951:
945:
943:
939:
938:
936:
935:
930:
925:
923:Haseb-i Tabari
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
814:
812:
808:
807:
805:
804:
799:
794:
792:Sahl ibn Bishr
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
716:
712:
711:
709:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
677:
675:
671:
670:
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667:
656:
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643:
642:
635:
634:
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593:
590:
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582:
559:
548:
529:
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513:
493:
474:
447:
440:
422:
407:
387:
386:
384:
381:
311:
308:
230:
227:
206:
203:
170:, was an Arab
164:Latinized name
147:
146:
143:
142:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
95:
94:Main interests
91:
90:
85:
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76:
75:
62:
58:
57:
53:
52:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2078:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
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2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1923:
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1916:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1902:Observatories
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Triangulation
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
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1799:
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1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:Heliocentrism
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
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1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
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1684:
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1679:
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1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Shadow square
1638:
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1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
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1618:
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1608:
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1538:
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1529:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1510:Zij-i Sultani
1507:
1505:
1504:
1503:Zij-i Ilkhani
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1454:
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1278:Kadızade Rumi
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1202:Ibn al-Shatir
1200:
1199:
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1176:Ibn al‐Raqqam
1174:
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1070:Ibn al-Kammad
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984:Ibn al-Saffar
982:
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604:, p. 160
603:
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598:Helaine Selin
596:
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583:0-684-10114-9
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211:Los Pedroches
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177:
173:
169:
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157:
153:
144:
141:
137:
136:Regiomontanus
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
114:
112:Notable ideas
110:
106:
104:Notable works
102:
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92:
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79:Academic work
77:
74:
70:
66:
63:
59:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
27:
22:
1875:Institutions
1726:Eccentricity
1686:Astrophysics
1580:Compass rose
1515:
1508:
1501:
1489:
1482:
1467:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1293:Ibn al-Majdi
1268:Abd al‐Wajid
1227:Al-Wabkanawi
1222:Abū al‐ʿUqūl
1111:Jamal ad-Din
1080:Omar Khayyam
1029:
908:Al-ʻIjliyyah
883:Aṣ-Ṣaidanānī
868:Ibn al-A'lam
787:Al-Khwarizmi
601:
572:. New York:
567:
539:
516:
509:Thomson Gale
504:
496:
488:
485:
477:
431:
425:
410:
374:
357:
354:Michael Scot
347:
338:
332:
320:'كتاب الهيئة
315:
313:
301:
295:
274:
263:
232:
208:
192:
167:
151:
150:
39:12th century
2021:1204 deaths
1861:Tusi couple
1851:Trepidation
1816:Salah times
1751:Geocentrism
1625:Planisphere
1605:Graph paper
1532:Instruments
1484:Huihui Lifa
1365:Ehmedê Xanî
1324:Al-Birjandi
1303:al-Kubunani
1060:Abu al-Salt
1009:Al-Isfizari
969:Ibn al-Samh
848:Abu al-Wafa
833:al-Khojandi
737:Al-Farghani
652:Astronomers
556:PDF version
356:in 1217 as
195:Alpetragius
193:The crater
168:Alpetragius
132:Roger Bacon
124:Grosseteste
2010:Categories
1965:Influenced
1934:Influences
1806:Precession
1786:Multiverse
1691:Axial tilt
1671:Almucantar
1655:Triquetrum
1595:Equatorium
1344:Takiyüddin
1217:al-Battiwi
1212:Ibn Shuayb
1207:Al-Khalili
1050:Al-Khazini
1045:Al-Kharaqī
1040:Ibn Tufail
1030:Al-Bitruji
964:Al-Zarqālī
928:al-Majriti
878:Al-Saghani
873:Al-Nayrizi
858:al-Battani
777:Iranshahri
762:Al-Marwazi
666:by century
528:References
470:Samsó 2007
403:Samsó 1980
364:in 1531).
343:scholastic
298:Copernicus
270:al-Zarqālī
251:Ibn Tufail
247:Ibn Bajjah
219:Ibn Tufail
180:al-Andalus
172:astronomer
140:Copernicus
120:Influenced
73:al-Zarqali
69:Ibn Tufail
61:Influences
1841:Supernova
1796:Obliquity
1781:Moonlight
1681:Astrology
1560:Astrolabe
1339:Piri Reis
1329:al-Khafri
1298:al-Wafa'i
1283:Ulugh Beg
1263:Ali Kuşçu
1237:al-Jadiri
1156:al-Abhari
954:al-Biruni
888:Ibn Yunus
863:Al-Qabisi
838:al-Khazin
747:Al-Mahani
372:in 1259.
345:circles.
318:(Arabic:
259:Aristotle
243:rotations
98:Astronomy
1915:Maragheh
1866:Universe
1836:Sunlight
1801:Parallax
1791:Muwaqqit
1731:Ecliptic
1664:Concepts
1630:Quadrant
1550:Aperture
1065:Averroes
1035:Avempace
979:Avicenna
913:Nastulus
903:al-Sijzi
828:Al-Adami
742:Al-Kindi
415:Vernet.
339:Almagest
334:Almagest
223:Averroes
65:Avempace
1771:Inertia
1761:Gravity
1696:Azimuth
1645:Sundial
1635:Sextant
1585:Dioptra
1575:Compass
1540:Alidade
1151:al-Urdi
974:Alhazen
898:Ma Yize
843:al-Qūhī
818:al-Sufi
277:impetus
255:Ptolemy
215:Cordoba
197:on the
47:c. 1204
1746:Galaxy
1741:Equant
1676:Apogee
1620:Octant
1397:Topics
580:
546:
438:
362:Vienna
156:Arabic
1811:Qibla
1600:Globe
1407:Works
383:Notes
377:tides
350:Latin
310:Works
286:shawq
1353:17th
1317:16th
1256:15th
1195:14th
1094:13th
1023:12th
942:11th
811:10th
578:ISBN
544:ISBN
486:Isis
436:ISBN
205:Life
199:Moon
176:qadi
174:and
44:Died
36:Born
1469:Zij
823:Ibn
715:9th
674:8th
352:by
341:in
178:in
166:of
84:Era
2012::
600:,
576:.
566:.
507:,
503:,
489:63
450:^
391:^
322:,
225:.
158::
138:,
134:,
130:,
126:,
71:,
67:,
631:e
624:t
617:v
586:.
558:)
554:(
552:.
472:.
444:.
419:.
405:.
154:(
23:.
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