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interpretationem
Aegyptiorum philosophia continent. — Ei, qui est in campo, divus Augustus addidit mirabilem usum ad deprendendas solis umbras dierumque ac noctium ita magnitudinis, strato lapide ad longitudinem obelisci, cui par fieret umbra brumae confectae die sexta hora paulatimque per regulas, quae sunt ex aere inclusae, singulis diebus decresceret ac rursus augeresceret, digna cognitu res, ingenio Facundi Novi mathematici. is apici auratam pilam addidit, cuius vertice umbra colligeretur in se ipsam, alias enormiter iaculante apice, ratione, ut ferunt, a capite hominis intellecta.
338:
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274:. The reason for this orientation of the sunlight alludes to the peace that Augustus had always strived for by directing the light to the Ara Pacis, Pax the Roman goddess of peace is being highlighted. This orientation “sanctioned his divine right to rule” and “possibly his right to establish a dynasty.”
381:). Under the cellar of a stable on a street in the Campus Martius, a piece of the meridian was excavated, with the markings for various months in Greek letters set into the travertine slabs. Another fragment was hypothesized to be contained in the mosaic still visible in the foundation of the Church of
376:
in 1748, who found parts of it under the main entrance of Piazza del
Parlamento 3, sited just as in Pliny's description. The obelisk and the meridian were not originally located in the position in which they were re-erected by the popes, but in the space behind the Curia innocenziana (now called
563:
haec observatio XXX iam fere annis non congruit, sive solis ipsius dissono cursu et caeli aliqua ratione mutato sive universa tellure a centro suo aliquid emota (ut deprehendi et aliis in locis accipio) sive urbis tremoribus ibi tantum gnomone intorto sive inundationibus
Tiberis sedimento molis
553:
is autem obeliscus, quem divus
Augustus in circo magno statuit, excisus est a rege Psemetnepserphreo, quo regnante Pythagoras in Aegypto fuit, LXXXV pedum et dodrantis praeter basim eiusdem lapidis; is vero, quem in campo Martio, novem pedibus minor, a Sesothide. inscripti ambo rerum naturae
421:(inaugurated on 7 June 1998), a new meridian was traced on the pavement in honor of Augustus's meridian, pointing towards the main entrance of the palazzo. Unfortunately, the shadow of the obelisk does not point precisely in that direction, and its gnomonic function is definitively lost.
181:
The Golden Horus, beautifying the Two Lands, beloved of Atum, lord of
Heliopolis; the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Neferibre, beloved of Re-Harakhti; the son of his own body, who seizes the White Crown and who unites the Double Crown, Psammetikos, beloved of the Souls of Heliopolis.
194:
King of Upper and Lower Egypt, <good heart of Re> son of Re <Psamchek II> life for ever and ever give him all life and all health for ever Re
Horachty great god lord of the sky I gave thee all life and dominion, all health, and all joy for ever
326:, proclaimed Imperator twelve times, Consul eleven times, holding Tribunician Power fourteen times, having reduced Egypt into the sovereignty of the Roman people, gave this gift to the sun.
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368:(1520–1590) made some attempts to repair and raise the obelisk, reassembling some pieces that had been found in 1502 in a cellar off the "Largo dell'Impresa", the present
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36, 71–72): "The one in the Campus was put to use in a remarkable way by divine
Augustus so as to mark the sun’s shadow and thereby the lengths of days"
255:
50:
588:"The Obelisks of Augustus: The Significance of a symbolic element of the architectural landscape in the transmission of ideology from Egypt to Rome"
345:
Augustus’s decision to erect the obelisks in Rome inspired future rulers of Rome to do the same. Some of these rulers that would follow suit are
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A detailed description that gives us the typology, appearance and formal operating procedure of this imposing solar meridian is supplied from
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Franco Zagari, Piazza
Montecitorio. Progetto di riqualificazione ambientale 1996–1998, (Camera dei Deputati e Comune di Roma), Roma 1998.
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Between the 9th and 11th centuries, probably because of fire, earthquake (perhaps the earthquake of 849) or war (e.g. during the
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Molly
Swetnam-Burland (2010) Aegyptus Redacta: The Egyptian Obelisk in the Augustan Campus Martius. In: The Art Bulletin 92, No3
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However, according to Pliny, the original horologic stopped working 30 years after its construction (that is, by the 40s AD).
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facto, quamquam ad altitudinem inpositi oneris in terram quoque dicuntur acta fundamenta. (Naturalis
Historia, XXXVI, 73).
262:, on which a quadrant was marked out with bronze letters, with indications of the hours, months, seasons and signs of the
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404:. This column's base, with its famous relief showing the Solar obelisk held as a symbol of the Campus Martius
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486:"Hieroglyphic Language Insights: Obelisk of Psamtek II, Piazza Monte Citorio, Rome a tentative translation"
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145:. It is 21.79 metres (71 ft) high, and 33.97 metres (111 ft) including the base and the globe.
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The base of the column of Antoninus, with the personification of the Campus Martius, reclining, left
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353:. Both of them would erect more obelisks throughout Rome, each one with a different meaning.
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carried out intensive works to repair the obelisk, which was later raised and restored as a
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http://omeka.wellesley.edu/piranesi-rome/exhibits/show/romanobelisks/montecitorio
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The inscription written on two sides of the obelisk's base runs as follows:
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218:, now called "Obelisk of Montecitorio", used as a Roman sundial, the famous
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541:"Obelisk of Montecitorio · the Obelisks of Ancient Rome · Piranesi in Rome"
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396:. The direction of the restoration work was entrusted to the architect
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364:), the obelisk collapsed and then, progressively, became buried.
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Model, diagrams, and photographs of the Obelisk of Montecitorio
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on 23 September, Augustus's birthday, which coincided with the
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134:
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by a personification of the Campus, is still preserved in the
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676:
The Rome Guide: Step by Step through History's Greatest City
433: – Ancient Egyptian obelisk, a landmark of Rome, Italy
223:
119:
162:
and then transported to, and erected at, the sanctuary of
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Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC
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Buildings and structures completed in the 6th century BC
163:
16:
Ancient Egyptian obelisk, a landmark of Rome, Italy
400:, who restored the obelisk using granite from the
234:In 10 BCE, Emperor Augustus ordered this and the
177:The hieroglyphic inscription on the sides reads
3180:
254:. The meridian, worked out by the mathematician
752:
460:Obelisk of Montecitorio at Wellesley College
238:to be brought to Rome. It was erected as the
630:"Egypt in Roman Visual and Material Culture"
592:Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections
2851:Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria
500:"Obelisks: Obelisk at Piazza Monte Citorio"
480:
478:
3002:
2736:Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum
759:
745:
314:Translation: Imperator Caesar, son of the
672:
603:
512:
2901:Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum
1819:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
519:. Oxford University Press. p. 205.
475:
336:
209:
627:
585:
3181:
2836:Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia
1824:Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican
598:(1). The University of Arizona: 9–30.
199:
42:Click on the map for a fullscreen view
2104:Sacro Cuore di GesĂą a Castro Pretorio
766:
740:
642:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935390.013.18
153:
2511:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy
1859:S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana
2527:Column of the Immaculate Conception
2456:in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere
636:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
628:Barrett, CaitlĂn EilĂs (May 2017).
516:Archaeology and the Letters of Paul
242:of the Solarium Augusti, his giant
13:
2856:Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome
1809:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
673:Lucentini, M. (31 December 2012).
14:
3235:
2806:Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica
2771:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
1247:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
666:
2871:Museum of the Liberation of Rome
2816:Museo delle anime del Purgatorio
2766:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica
2756:Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna
1217:Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
694:
332:
302:IMP. XII COS. XI TRIB. POT. XIV
25:
2876:National Museum of Oriental Art
2776:Giorgio de Chirico House Museum
2205:Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari
2190:Domus Internationalis Paulus VI
513:Nasrallah, Laura Salah (2019).
2896:Porta San Paolo Railway Museum
1691:Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas
605:10.2458/azu_jaei_v04i1_gregory
586:Gregory, Steven R. W. (2012).
557:
547:
533:
506:
492:
466:
454:
1:
571:
2861:Museum of Roman Civilization
2791:Keats–Shelley Memorial House
2270:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
1814:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
7:
3219:Tourist attractions in Rome
3209:Relocated Egyptian obelisks
2953:Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus
2831:Museo di Roma in Trastevere
2801:Museo Archeologico Ostiense
2537:Hospital of the Holy Spirit
2109:S. Sebastiano fuori le mura
1716:Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker
1686:Catacombs of San Sebastiano
424:
228:Italian Chamber of Deputies
226:. In the background is the
186:and the inscription on the
10:
3240:
3094:Castello Orsini-Odescalchi
2180:Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi
1954:S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini
1949:S. Giovanni a Porta Latina
1222:Temple of Apollo Palatinus
203:
158:The stone was quarried at
148:
31:The obelisk in a print by
3204:Ancient Egyptian obelisks
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3132:
3072:
3050:
2995:
2914:
2886:Palazzo delle Esposizioni
2724:
2674:
2560:
2499:
2353:
2315:Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli
2215:Palazzo della Cancelleria
2167:
2147:
1797:
1756:
1661:
1638:
1613:Column of Marcus Aurelius
1600:
1518:
1453:
1393:Basilica of Junius Bassus
1371:
1309:
1237:Temple of Hercules Victor
1227:Temple of Apollo Sosianus
1202:
1166:
1141:
1074:
1054:Arch of Septimius Severus
1021:
1010:
976:
774:
442:List of Egyptian obelisks
47:
40:
24:
3084:Appian Way Regional Park
2891:Pigorini National Museum
2811:Museo Civico di Zoologia
2446:della Piazza dei Quiriti
2158:List of churches in Rome
2099:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re
1924:S. Croce in Via Flaminia
1899:S. Cecilia in Trastevere
1884:Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio
1864:S. Apollinare alle Terme
1844:S. Anastasia al Palatino
1829:S. Lorenzo fuori le mura
1608:Column of Antoninus Pius
1285:Largo di Torre Argentina
1257:Temple of Minerva Medica
1252:Temple of Jupiter Tonans
722:Obelisk of Montecitorio
447:
437:List of obelisks in Rome
402:Column of Antoninus Pius
93:Obelisco di Montecitorio
2972:Portonaccio sarcophagus
2959:Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
2936:Colossus of Constantine
2931:Augustus of Prima Porta
2906:Venanzo Crocetti Museum
2866:Museum of the Ara Pacis
2841:Museo Nazionale Etrusco
2761:Galleria Doria Pamphilj
2651:Via della Conciliazione
2611:Piazza della Repubblica
2240:Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini
2195:Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga
2034:S. Maria della Vittoria
1929:S. Croce in Gerusalemme
1879:S. Bartolomeo all'Isola
1834:S. Agnese fuori le mura
1301:Porta Maggiore Basilica
1002:Obelisk of Montecitorio
634:Oxford Handbooks Online
85:Obelisk of Montecitorio
20:Obelisk of Montecitorio
3142:Festa della Repubblica
2982:Sistine Chapel ceiling
2846:Museo Nazionale Romano
2716:Parco degli Acquedotti
2696:Villa Borghese gardens
2656:Via dei Fori Imperiali
2230:Palazzo della Consulta
2114:S. Silvestro in Capite
2019:S. Maria in Trastevere
2014:S. Maria sopra Minerva
1989:S. Maria in Montesanto
1849:S. Andrea delle Fratte
1721:Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus
1706:Mausoleum of Maxentius
1676:Catacombs of Domitilla
1584:Villa of the Quintilii
342:
308:POPVLI ROMANI REDACTA
305:AEGVPTO IN POTESTATEM
231:
197:
184:
92:
3134:Events and traditions
2941:La Bocca della VeritĂ
2786:Jewish Museum of Rome
2280:Palazzo del Quirinale
2124:S. Sofia a Via Boccea
1984:S. Maria degli Angeli
1974:S. Maria Ausiliatrice
1854:S. Andrea della Valle
1696:Mausoleum of Augustus
1630:Five-Columns Monument
1578:Insula dell'Ara Coeli
1430:Portico Dii Consentes
1398:Basilica of Maxentius
703:at Wikimedia Commons
417:In the new layout of
383:San Lorenzo in Lucina
370:Piazza del Parlamento
340:
213:
192:
179:
2987:Velletri Sarcophagus
2947:Laocoön and His Sons
2701:Villa Doria Pamphili
2606:Piazza della Minerva
2431:di Piazza d'Aracoeli
2320:Palazzo del Viminale
2265:Palazzo di Giustizia
2094:Sacro Cuore di Maria
2079:Ss. Quattro Coronati
2064:S. Pietro in Vincoli
2049:S. Nicola in Carcere
2044:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo
2029:S. Maria in Via Lata
2004:S. Maria in Aracoeli
1994:S. Maria in Cosmedin
1969:S. Lorenzo in Lucina
1964:S. Lorenzo in Damaso
1959:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo
1904:Ss. Celso e Giuliano
1889:S. Camillo de Lellis
1505:Theatre of Marcellus
1277:House of the Vestals
713:Elephant and Obelisk
701:Montecitorio obelisk
379:Palazzo Montecitorio
293:IMP. CAESAR DIVI F.
170:during the reign of
3224:Rome R. III Colonna
2507:Altare della Patria
2168:Castles and palaces
2039:S. Martino ai Monti
2009:S. Maria del Popolo
1999:S. Maria in Domnica
1944:S. Francesca Romana
1914:Ss. Cosma e Damiano
1736:Tombs of Via Latina
1731:Tomb of the Scipios
1726:Tomb of the Haterii
1701:Mausoleum of Helena
1500:Stadium of Domitian
1490:Gardens of Maecenas
1466:Circus of Maxentius
1403:Basilica of Neptune
1380:Basilica Argentaria
1184:Baths of Diocletian
1157:Cloaca Circi Maximi
1029:Arch of Constantine
997:Obelisk of Minerveo
729:Arch of Constantine
488:. 11 December 2014.
419:Piazza Montecitorio
388:From 1789 to 1792,
200:Second construction
143:Piazza Montecitorio
141:, it is now in the
66:41.9006°N 12.4787°E
62: /
21:
3152:Rome Film Festival
3114:Villa Aldobrandini
2741:Capitoline Museums
2586:Clivus Capitolinus
2245:Palazzo Giustinani
2185:Castel Sant'Angelo
2129:S. Stefano Rotondo
1711:Pyramid of Cestius
1560:Palace of Domitian
1495:Gardens of Sallust
1342:Forum of Vespasian
1262:Temple of Portunus
1179:Baths of Caracalla
343:
284:Naturalis historia
232:
220:Horologium Augusti
214:Obelisk of Pharao
154:First construction
133:to be used as the
114:(595–589 BC) from
19:
3176:
3175:
3147:Rome Quadriennale
3074:Metropolitan City
3068:
3067:
2751:Galleria Borghese
2626:Piazza San Pietro
2601:Piazza del Popolo
2596:Piazza d'Aracoeli
2569:and public spaces
2451:di Piazza Nicosia
2441:di Piazza Farnese
2436:di Piazza Colonna
2310:Palazzo Valentini
2200:Palazzo Barberini
1894:S. Carlo al Corso
1793:
1792:
1784:Ponte Sant'Angelo
1741:Tomb of Priscilla
1681:Catacombs of Rome
1555:House of Augustus
1544:Domus Transitoria
1510:Theatre of Pompey
1437:Porticus Octaviae
1327:Forum of Augustus
1232:Temple of Hadrian
1044:Arch of Gallienus
1034:Arch of Dolabella
992:Flaminian Obelisk
768:Landmarks of Rome
735:
734:
725:Succeeded by
719:Landmarks of Rome
699:Media related to
651:978-0-19-993539-0
526:978-0-19-969967-4
398:Giovanni Antinori
311:SOLI DONVM DEDIT
299:PONTIFEX MAXIMVS
95:), also known as
81:
80:
3231:
3199:Obelisks in Rome
3000:
2999:
2925:Apollo Belvedere
2821:Museo delle Mura
2641:Via dei Coronari
2631:Piazza di Spagna
2325:Palazzo Wedekind
2285:Palazzo Pamphilj
2210:Palazzo Borghese
2119:S. Sisto Vecchio
1647:Porticus Aemilia
1619:Column of Phocas
1601:Column monuments
1362:Forum Holitorium
1267:Temple of Saturn
1174:Baths of Agrippa
1090:Aqua Alexandrina
1022:Triumphal arches
1019:
1018:
891:Castra Praetoria
761:
754:
747:
738:
737:
709:Preceded by
706:
705:
698:
690:
662:
660:
658:
624:
622:
620:
607:
565:
561:
555:
551:
545:
544:
537:
531:
530:
510:
504:
503:
496:
490:
489:
482:
473:
470:
464:
458:
272:autumnal equinox
236:Flaminio Obelisk
206:Solarium Augusti
139:Solarium Augusti
126:in 10 BC by the
124:Flaminio Obelisk
101:ancient Egyptian
77:
76:
74:
73:
72:
71:41.9006; 12.4787
67:
63:
60:
59:
58:
55:
29:
22:
18:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3214:Piazzas in Rome
3179:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3156:
3128:
3104:Hadrian's Villa
3076:of Rome Capital
3075:
3064:
3060:Monte Testaccio
3046:
2991:
2910:
2881:Palazzo Colonna
2727:
2720:
2678:
2670:
2581:Campo de' Fiori
2568:
2556:
2500:Other landmarks
2495:
2471:Quattro Fontane
2349:
2335:Villa Farnesina
2330:Palazzo Zuccari
2300:Palazzo Ruspoli
2235:Palazzo Farnese
2225:Palazzo Colonna
2163:
2143:
2024:S. Maria in Via
1800:
1789:
1752:
1747:Vigna Randanini
1657:
1653:Trajan's Market
1634:
1625:Trajan's Column
1596:
1530:Domus Augustana
1514:
1449:
1367:
1332:Forum of Caesar
1305:
1272:Temple of Vesta
1242:Temple of Janus
1198:
1194:Baths of Trajan
1162:
1137:
1104:Aqua Anio Novus
1097:Aqua Anio Vetus
1070:
1013:
1006:
987:Lateran Obelisk
972:
775:Walls and gates
770:
765:
726:
721:
710:
687:
669:
656:
654:
652:
618:
616:
574:
569:
568:
562:
558:
552:
548:
539:
538:
534:
527:
511:
507:
498:
497:
493:
484:
483:
476:
471:
467:
459:
455:
450:
431:Lateran Obelisk
427:
412:Vatican Museums
362:Robert Guiscard
335:
324:Supreme Pontiff
279:Pliny the Elder
256:Facondius Novus
208:
202:
174:(595–589 BC).
156:
151:
70:
68:
64:
61:
56:
53:
51:
49:
48:
43:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3237:
3227:
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2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2781:Galleria Spada
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2746:Casa di Goethe
2743:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2711:Villa Torlonia
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2676:Parks, gardens
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2636:Piazza Venezia
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2616:Piazza Farnese
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2591:Piazza Colonna
2588:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2558:
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2555:
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2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
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2524:
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2514:
2503:
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2497:
2496:
2494:
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2481:Trevi Fountain
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2461:di Ponte Sisto
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2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2295:Palazzo Riario
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2275:Palazzo Mattei
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2255:Palazzo Madama
2252:
2250:Lateran Palace
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2151:
2149:Other churches
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
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2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
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2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
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2016:
2011:
2006:
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1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
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1799:Roman Catholic
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1772:Pons Fabricius
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1598:
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1586:
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1574:
1572:Villa of Livia
1569:
1566:Villa Gordiani
1562:
1557:
1552:
1550:Flavian Palace
1547:
1540:
1533:
1525:
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1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
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1485:
1473:
1471:Circus of Nero
1468:
1463:
1461:Circus Maximus
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1409:Basilica Ulpia
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1387:Basilica Julia
1383:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1347:Trajan's Forum
1344:
1339:
1337:Forum of Nerva
1334:
1329:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1304:
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1046:
1041:
1039:Arch of Drusus
1036:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
983:
981:
974:
973:
971:
970:
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968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
908:
903:
898:
896:Janiculum Wall
893:
888:
887:
886:
881:
876:
866:
865:
864:
859:
854:
852:San Sebastiano
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
782:Aurelian Walls
778:
776:
772:
771:
764:
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756:
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741:
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723:
716:
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691:
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667:External links
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2977:Raphael Rooms
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2826:Museo di Roma
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2646:Via del Corso
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2621:Piazza Navona
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2550:
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2542:Milizie Tower
2540:
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2522:Capocci Tower
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3168:Vatican City
3119:Villa d'Este
3109:Ostia Antica
3089:Capo di Bove
3055:Tiber Island
2964:
2957:
2945:
2923:
2706:Villa Medici
2547:Sisto Bridge
2517:Campo Verano
2421:del Pantheon
2366:Acqua Felice
2345:Villa Madama
2340:Villa Giulia
2290:Palazzo Poli
2156:
2054:S. Pancrazio
1939:S. Eustachio
1919:S. Crisogono
1869:Ss. Apostoli
1782:
1778:Ponte Milvio
1770:
1765:Pons Cestius
1763:
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1001:
916:Caelimontana
911:Servian Wall
901:Terreus Wall
874:Cavalleggeri
869:Leonine Wall
847:San Giovanni
727:
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655:. Retrieved
633:
617:. Retrieved
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3004:Seven Hills
2726:Museums and
2532:Conti Tower
2386:Il Facchino
2371:Acqua Paola
2069:S. Prassede
1909:S. Clemente
1839:S. Agostino
1591:sette bassi
1537:Domus Aurea
1423:Curia Julia
1317:Roman Forum
1132:Aqua Tepula
1125:Aqua Marcia
1065:Arcus Novus
906:Romuli Wall
360:of 1084 by
69: /
3183:Categories
3022:Capitoline
2666:Via Veneto
2576:Appian Way
2476:Tartarughe
1934:S. Eugenio
1874:S. Balbina
1444:Tabularium
1118:Aqua Julia
1083:Aqua Appia
941:Fontinalis
857:Settimiana
657:7 November
619:7 November
572:References
260:travertine
248:horologium
216:Psamtik II
188:Pyramidion
172:Psamtik II
168:Heliopolis
116:Heliopolis
112:Psamtik II
57:12°28′43″E
54:41°54′02″N
3027:Esquiline
2996:Landscape
2691:Villa Ada
2661:Via Sacra
2406:Navicella
2381:Barcaccia
2354:Fountains
2139:S. Vitale
2134:S. Teresa
2089:S. Sabina
1801:basilicas
1476:Colosseum
1211:Ara Pacis
1203:Religious
1075:Aqueducts
1014:landmarks
966:Trigemina
946:Gallienus
936:Esquilina
931:Dolabella
862:Tiburtina
842:San Paolo
812:Nomentana
787:Ardeatina
614:1944-2815
296:AVGVSTVS
268:Ara Pacis
250:) in the
122:with the
3099:Frascati
3037:Quirinal
3032:Palatine
3012:Aventine
2686:Bioparco
2679:and zoos
2391:Marforio
2059:Pantheon
1979:S. Marco
1639:Commerce
1416:Comitium
1296:Pantheon
1291:Lupercal
979:obelisks
977:Ancient
951:Viminale
822:Pinciana
807:Metronia
802:Maggiore
792:Asinaria
425:See also
351:Domitian
230:building
131:Augustus
99:, is an
3161:Enclave
3042:Viminal
3017:Caelian
2566:streets
2562:Squares
2491:Tritone
2486:Tritons
2416:Nettuno
2411:Neptune
2376:Babuino
2084:S. Saba
1757:Bridges
926:Collina
879:Pertusa
832:Portese
394:sundial
347:Hadrian
316:deified
244:sundial
149:History
137:of the
108:obelisk
105:granite
89:Italian
35:of 1738
2426:Pianto
2401:Nasone
1521:villae
1142:Sewers
956:Naevia
921:Capena
827:Popolo
797:Latina
683:
648:
612:
523:
264:zodiac
240:gnomon
190:reads
135:gnomon
103:, red
97:Solare
2966:PietĂ
2796:MAXXI
1662:Tombs
1372:Civic
448:Notes
407:regio
222:, in
160:Aswan
2396:Moro
1310:Fora
681:ISBN
659:2021
646:ISBN
621:2021
610:ISSN
521:ISBN
349:and
246:(or
224:Rome
120:Rome
83:The
2916:Art
2361:Api
2175:Arx
817:Pia
638:doi
600:doi
166:in
110:of
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