616:. A 42-US-gallon (35 imp gal; 160 L) barrel of crude oil produces approximately 10 US gallons (8.3 imp gal; 38 L) of diesel, 4 US gallons (3.3 imp gal; 15 L) of jet fuel, 19 US gallons (16 imp gal; 72 L) of gasoline, 7 US gallons (5.8 imp gal; 26 L) of other products, 3 US gallons (2.5 imp gal; 11 L) split between heavy fuel oil and liquified petroleum gases, and 2 US gallons (1.7 imp gal; 7.6 L) of heating oil. The total production of a barrel of crude into various products results in an increase to 45 US gallons (37 imp gal; 170 L).
435:
to burn through the day. Olive oil was also used to clean the body in this time as it would trap the moisture in the skin while pulling the grime to the surface. It was used as an ancient form of unsophisticated soap. It was applied on the skin then scrubbed off with a wooden stick pulling off the excess grime and creating a layer where new grime could form but be easily washed off in the water as oil is hydrophobic. Fish oils hold the omega-3 fatty acid. This fatty acid helps with inflammation and reduces fat in the bloodstream.
33:
504:
637:
1290:
337:, in that minerals are not the source of the oil—ancient plants and animals are. Mineral oil is organic. However, it is classified as "mineral oil" instead of as "organic oil" because its organic origin is remote (and was unknown at the time of its discovery), and because it is obtained in the vicinity of rocks, underground traps, and sands.
434:
Oils have been consumed since ancient times. Oils hold lots of fats and medical properties. A good example is olive oil. Olive oil holds a lot of fats within it which is why it was also used in lighting in ancient Greece and Rome. So people would use it to bulk out food so they would have more energy
366:, are used for various purposes in cooking and food preparation. In particular, many foods are fried in oil much hotter than boiling water. Oils are also used for flavoring and for modifying the texture of foods (e.g.
251:
and similar chemicals often found in the oils produced by living things, while oil refers to an overall mixture of chemicals. Organic oils may also contain chemicals other than lipids, including
534:
probe because of its extremely low freezing temperature. Spermaceti is not actually an oil, but a mixture mostly of wax esters, and there is no evidence that NASA has used whale oil.
140:), and the manufacture of many types of paints, plastics, and other materials. Specially prepared oils are used in some religious ceremonies and rituals as purifying agents.
1260:
1198:
912:
930:
104:
The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may be
1156:
564:
which can be used directly or converted into other forms of energy such as electricity or mechanical work. In order to obtain many fuel oils,
1224:
398:
Oils are applied to hair to give it a lustrous look, to prevent tangles and roughness and to stabilize the hair to promote growth. See
519:
is preferred for lubricating clocks, because it does not evaporate, leaving dust, although its use was banned in the US in 1980.
410:
Oil has been used throughout history as a religious medium. It is often considered a spiritually purifying agent and is used for
822:
58:
856:
515:
for various engineering purposes. Mineral oils are more commonly used as machine lubricants than biological oils are.
1270:
800:
676:
1114:"Connections between Healthy Behaviour, Perception of Olive Oil Health Benefits, and Olive Oil Consumption Motives"
1020:
266:
Lipids can be classified by the way that they are made by an organism, their chemical structure and their limited
1190:
658:
1094:
916:
938:
1322:
233:
Organic oils are produced in remarkable diversity by plants, animals, and other organisms through natural
887:
839:
511:
Given that they are non-polar, oils do not easily adhere to other substances. This makes them useful as
868:
834:
774:
1241:
1152:
779:
700:
647:
613:
54:
48:
958:
Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter.
527:
454:
117:
1221:
787:
1294:
1047:
985:
654:
71:
26:
8:
989:
259:(class of compounds with oil-like properties that are solid at common temperatures) and
1075:
1001:
805:
623:
was commonly used for lamps, which was replaced with natural gas and then electricity.
573:
415:
74:
1172:
902:
1266:
1135:
1079:
1067:
997:
283:
1005:
1125:
1059:
993:
728:
399:
318:
1228:
1160:
844:
810:
735:
724:
531:
480:
470:
314:, are crucial resources in the modern economy. Crude oil originates from ancient
194:
1048:"Perceptions of Oil in Early Judaism and the Meal Formula in Joseph and Aseneth"
1191:"Troubled waters: Who Would Believe NASA Used Whale Oil on Voyager and Hubble?"
768:
695:
310:
167:
1317:
1311:
1139:
1071:
1063:
864:
830:
387:
286:
molecules, but may include both polar and nonpolar regions as in the case of
282:
compared to other organic compounds and minerals; they tend to be relatively
113:
109:
90:
690:
577:
444:
423:
287:
708:
581:
488:
476:
367:
357:
339:
330:
322:
299:
133:
129:
125:
105:
78:
32:
1130:
1113:
882:
747:
704:
661: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
569:
549:
523:
512:
492:
315:
267:
244:
153:
94:
82:
193:
tree", "olive fruit". The earliest attested forms of the word are the
734:
Organic oils are another important chemical feedstock, especially in
712:
620:
565:
516:
458:
411:
379:
305:
234:
137:
121:
37:
22:
973:
636:
503:
1112:
Ilak Peršurić, Anita
Silvana; Težak Damijanić, Ana (January 2021).
720:
605:
601:
597:
593:
543:
450:
383:
334:
275:
260:
217:
1302:
609:
589:
553:
484:
419:
252:
248:
21:
This article is about the chemical substance. For crude oil, see
1289:
716:
585:
371:
279:
271:
98:
974:"Organic geochemistry – A retrospective of its first 70 years"
857:
823:
557:
526:
from whales has still been used in NASA projects such as the
326:
239:
190:
180:
170:
160:
86:
1111:
703:
and the chemical products made from them. They are used as
561:
375:
689:
Crude oil can be refined into a wide variety of component
461:. The oldest known extant oil paintings date from 650 AD.
343:
also refers to several specific distillates of crude oil.
363:
256:
596:(heaviest of commercial fuels, used in ships/furnaces),
333:
processes convert into oil. The name "mineral oil" is a
93:(mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and
370:). Cooking oils are derived either from animal fat, as
1155:, Rosella Lorenzi, Discovery News. February 19, 2008.
457:
in oil, making it suitable as a supporting medium for
1259:
Kostianoy, Andrey G.; Lavrova, Olga Yu (2014-07-08).
207:
197:
1177:
Frankenmuth Clock
Company & Bavarian Clock Haus
1173:"Bavarian Clock Haus and Frankenmuth Clock Company"
962:. New York: Garland Science, 2002, pp. 62, 118-119.
907:
Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of ancient languages
362:Several edible vegetable and animal oils, and also
767:
308:, and its refined components, collectively termed
1309:
1258:
1303:Petroleum Online e-Learning resource from IHRDC
1095:"Armenian priests journey for jars of holy oil"
120:or non-volatile. They are used for food (e.g.,
750:, a chemical which allows oil and water to mix
495:) and in other applications of heat transfer.
766:
568:is pumped from the ground and is shipped via
1222:U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
270:in water compared to oils. They have a high
1153:"Oldest Oil Paintings Found in Afghanistan"
1052:Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha
580:. There, it is converted from crude oil to
971:
1129:
677:Learn how and when to remove this message
148:First attested in English 1176, the word
1045:
935:Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B
502:
418:has been an important ritual liquid for
278:content and are considerably lacking in
31:
1092:
803:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
59:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1310:
1217:
1215:
1021:"Which cooking oil is the healthiest?"
952:
483:. Heat transfer oils are used both as
1046:Chesnutt, Randall D. (January 2005).
626:
101:that are liquid at room temperature.
928:
788:participating institution membership
659:adding citations to reliable sources
630:
378:and other types, or plant oils from
1212:
414:purposes. As a particular example,
13:
880:
179:), "olive oil, oil" and that from
14:
1334:
1282:
1018:
1288:
1195:Knight Science Journalism at MIT
998:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.09.001
937:. Deaditerranean. Archived from
635:
619:In the 18th and 19th centuries,
464:
1262:Oil Pollution in the Baltic Sea
1252:
1234:
1201:from the original on 2015-02-15
1183:
1165:
1146:
1105:
1086:
1039:
646:needs additional citations for
522:It is a long-running myth that
346:
293:
243:is the scientific term for the
228:
166:, which in turn comes from the
1012:
965:
895:
874:
850:
816:
794:
760:
498:
77:that is composed primarily of
16:Viscous water-insoluble liquid
1:
1093:Sahagun, Louis (2008-10-11).
972:Kvenvolden, Keith A. (2006).
960:Molecular Biology of the Cell
754:
475:Oils are used as coolants in
393:
143:
97:. Most oils are unsaturated
7:
903:"The Linear B word e-ra-wo"
888:Online Etymology Dictionary
741:
479:, for instance in electric
438:
405:
128:), medical purposes (e.g.,
10:
1339:
858:
824:
541:
468:
442:
355:
351:
297:
208:
198:
181:
171:
20:
775:Oxford English Dictionary
429:
1064:10.1177/0951820705051955
491:), for heating (e.g. in
390:and many other species.
223:
1231:— Retrieved 2011-10-02.
840:A Greek–English Lexicon
780:Oxford University Press
701:components of crude oil
614:liquefied petroleum gas
588:(and other short-chain
537:
528:Hubble Space Telescope
508:
116:in origin, and may be
47:This article contains
41:
25:. For other uses, see
1159:June 3, 2011, at the
831:Liddell, Henry George
506:
35:
1297:at Wikimedia Commons
1246:petroleumhistory.org
978:Organic Geochemistry
655:improve this article
612:(historically), and
27:Oil (disambiguation)
1323:Chemical substances
990:2006OrGeo..37....1K
778:(Online ed.).
507:Synthetic motor oil
85:(does not mix with
1227:2018-05-02 at the
1131:10.3390/su13147630
806:A Latin Dictionary
627:Chemical feedstock
509:
416:holy anointing oil
75:chemical substance
49:special characters
42:
1293:Media related to
1099:Los Angeles Times
881:Harper, Douglas.
786:(Subscription or
687:
686:
679:
556:form, generating
319:organic materials
220:syllabic script.
216:, written in the
55:rendering support
1330:
1292:
1277:
1276:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1169:
1163:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1133:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1019:Brown, Jessica.
1016:
1010:
1009:
969:
963:
956:
950:
949:
947:
946:
927:
925:
924:
915:. Archived from
910:
899:
893:
892:
878:
872:
861:
860:
854:
848:
827:
826:
820:
814:
798:
792:
791:
783:
771:
764:
729:synthetic rubber
725:synthetic fibers
699:are the refined
682:
675:
671:
668:
662:
639:
631:
400:hair conditioner
211:
210:
201:
200:
184:
183:
174:
173:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1308:
1307:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1257:
1253:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1229:Wayback Machine
1220:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1161:Wayback Machine
1151:
1147:
1110:
1106:
1091:
1087:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1017:
1013:
970:
966:
957:
953:
944:
942:
929:Raymoure, K.A.
922:
920:
911:
901:
900:
896:
879:
875:
855:
851:
845:Perseus Project
821:
817:
811:Perseus Project
799:
795:
785:
765:
761:
757:
744:
736:green chemistry
683:
672:
666:
663:
652:
640:
629:
584:(petrodiesel),
546:
540:
501:
473:
471:Transformer oil
467:
447:
441:
432:
408:
396:
360:
354:
349:
302:
296:
231:
226:
195:Mycenaean Greek
146:
124:), fuel (e.g.,
64:
63:
62:
53:Without proper
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1336:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1284:
1283:External links
1281:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1251:
1233:
1211:
1182:
1164:
1145:
1118:Sustainability
1104:
1085:
1058:(2): 113–132.
1038:
1011:
964:
951:
894:
873:
849:
815:
793:
758:
756:
753:
752:
751:
743:
740:
696:Petrochemicals
685:
684:
643:
641:
634:
628:
625:
542:Main article:
539:
536:
500:
497:
466:
463:
443:Main article:
440:
437:
431:
428:
407:
404:
395:
392:
356:Main article:
353:
350:
348:
345:
311:petrochemicals
304:Crude oil, or
298:Main article:
295:
292:
290:and steroids.
230:
227:
225:
222:
145:
142:
95:surface active
57:, you may see
45:
44:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1335:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1274:
1272:9783642384769
1268:
1264:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
968:
961:
955:
941:on 2016-03-20
940:
936:
932:
919:on 2016-03-21
918:
914:
908:
904:
898:
890:
889:
884:
877:
870:
866:
862:
853:
846:
842:
841:
836:
835:Scott, Robert
832:
828:
819:
812:
808:
807:
802:
797:
789:
781:
777:
776:
770:
763:
759:
749:
746:
745:
739:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:
692:
681:
678:
670:
667:November 2017
660:
656:
650:
649:
644:This section
642:
638:
633:
632:
624:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
552:in liquid or
551:
545:
535:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
505:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
472:
465:Heat transfer
462:
460:
456:
452:
446:
436:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
403:
401:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
359:
344:
342:
341:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
317:
313:
312:
307:
301:
291:
289:
288:phospholipids
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:
236:
221:
219:
215:
205:
196:
192:
188:
178:
169:
165:
162:
158:
155:
151:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:petrochemical
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
60:
56:
52:
50:
39:
34:
28:
24:
19:
1265:. Springer.
1261:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1203:. Retrieved
1194:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1148:
1124:(14): 7630.
1121:
1117:
1107:
1098:
1088:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1024:
1014:
981:
977:
967:
959:
954:
943:. Retrieved
939:the original
934:
921:. Retrieved
917:the original
906:
897:
886:
876:
852:
838:
818:
804:
796:
773:
762:
733:
694:
691:hydrocarbons
688:
673:
664:
653:Please help
648:verification
645:
618:
578:oil refinery
547:
521:
510:
481:transformers
474:
448:
445:Oil painting
433:
424:Christianity
409:
397:
361:
347:Applications
338:
309:
303:
294:Mineral oils
265:
238:
232:
229:Organic oils
213:
203:
186:
176:
163:
156:
149:
147:
103:
79:hydrocarbons
67:
65:
46:
40:used in food
36:A bottle of
18:
1242:"Whale Oil"
1025:www.bbc.com
709:fertilizers
582:diesel fuel
499:Lubrication
493:oil heaters
489:oil cooling
477:oil cooling
453:are easily
358:Cooking oil
340:Mineral oil
331:geochemical
323:zooplankton
300:Mineral oil
245:fatty acids
237:processes.
152:comes from
134:lubrication
130:mineral oil
126:heating oil
83:hydrophobic
1312:Categories
1205:2015-02-15
945:2014-03-22
923:2014-03-22
913:"e-ra3-wo"
790:required.)
755:References
748:Emulsifier
705:detergents
600:(petrol),
570:oil tanker
548:Some oils
524:spermaceti
513:lubricants
469:See also:
321:, such as
316:fossilized
268:solubility
154:Old French
91:lipophilic
1140:2071-1050
1080:161240989
1072:0951-8207
931:"e-ra-wo"
863: in
713:medicines
621:whale oil
594:fuel oils
566:crude oil
517:Whale oil
455:suspended
412:anointing
394:Cosmetics
388:sunflower
306:petroleum
261:alkaloids
235:metabolic
144:Etymology
138:motor oil
122:olive oil
110:vegetable
38:olive oil
23:Petroleum
1225:Archived
1199:Archived
1157:Archived
1006:95305299
984:(1): 1.
742:See also
721:plastics
606:kerosene
602:jet fuel
598:gasoline
574:pipeline
544:Fuel oil
530:and the
485:coolants
451:pigments
439:Painting
406:Religion
368:stir fry
335:misnomer
329:, which
284:nonpolar
276:hydrogen
253:proteins
249:steroids
218:Linear B
214:e-rai-wo
118:volatile
72:nonpolar
986:Bibcode
865:Liddell
843:at the
610:benzene
590:alkanes
554:aerosol
532:Voyager
420:Judaism
352:Cooking
204:e-ra-wo
159:, from
81:and is
70:is any
1269:
1138:
1078:
1070:
1031:18 May
1004:
825:ἔλαιον
727:, and
717:paints
586:ethane
576:to an
560:, and
459:paints
449:Color
430:Health
372:butter
280:oxygen
272:carbon
209:𐀁𐁉𐀺
199:𐀁𐀨𐀺
177:elaion
172:ἔλαιον
136:(e.g.
106:animal
99:lipids
89:) and
1076:S2CID
1027:. BBC
1002:S2CID
883:"oil"
869:Scott
859:ἐλαία
801:oleum
784:
769:"oil"
572:or a
558:light
487:(see
384:maize
380:olive
327:algae
257:waxes
240:Lipid
224:Types
191:olive
187:elaia
182:ἐλαία
168:Greek
164:oleum
161:Latin
112:, or
87:water
1318:Oils
1267:ISBN
1136:ISSN
1068:ISSN
1033:2021
867:and
562:heat
550:burn
538:Fuel
422:and
376:lard
364:fats
325:and
274:and
206:and
189:), "
157:oile
1295:Oil
1126:doi
1060:doi
994:doi
809:on
657:by
592:),
150:oil
132:),
68:oil
66:An
1314::
1244:.
1214:^
1197:.
1193:.
1175:.
1134:.
1122:13
1120:.
1116:.
1097:.
1074:.
1066:.
1056:14
1054:.
1050:.
1023:.
1000:.
992:.
982:37
980:.
976:.
933:.
905:.
885:.
837:;
833:;
829:.
772:.
738:.
731:.
723:,
719:,
715:,
711:,
707:,
693:.
608:,
604:,
426:.
402:.
386:,
382:,
374:,
263:.
255:,
247:,
212:,
202:,
108:,
1275:.
1248:.
1208:.
1179:.
1142:.
1128::
1101:.
1082:.
1062::
1035:.
1008:.
996::
988::
948:.
926:.
909:.
891:.
871:.
847:.
813:.
782:.
680:)
674:(
669:)
665:(
651:.
185:(
175:(
61:.
51:.
29:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
