116:
326:
20:
408:
38:
101:
245:, are open-air museums where costumed interpreters portray period life in an earlier era. The interpreters act as if they are living in a different time and place and perform everyday household tasks, crafts, and occupations. The goal is to demonstrate older lifestyles and pursuits to modern audiences. Household tasks might include cooking on an open
384:
Performance and historiographic practices at
American living museums have been critiqued in the past several years by scholars in anthropology and theater for creating false senses of authenticity and accuracy, and for neglecting to bear witness to some of the darker aspects of the American past
89:. Such institutions may, therefore, be described as building museums. European open-air museums tended to be sited originally in regions where wooden architecture prevailed, as wooden structures may be translocated without substantial loss of authenticity.
368:
In North
America, many open-air museums include interpreters who dress in period costume and conduct period crafts and everyday work. The living museum is, therefore, viewed as an attempt to recreate to the fullest extent conditions of a
85:. Mostly, "open-air museum" is applied to a museum that specializes in the collection and re-erection of multiple old buildings at large outdoor sites, usually in settings of recreated landscapes of the past, and often including
76:
Open air is "the unconfined atmosphere ... outside buildings". In the loosest sense, an open-air museum is any institution that includes one or more buildings in its collections, including farm museums,
337:
The North
American open-air museum, more commonly called a living-history museum, had a different, slightly later origin than the European, and the visitor experience is different. The first was
385:(e.g., slavery and other forms of injustice). Even before such critiques were published, sites such as Williamsburg and others had begun to add more interpretation of difficult history.
92:
Common to all open-air museums, including the earliest ones of the 19th century, is the teaching of the history of everyday living by people from all segments of society.
365:. The approach to interpretation tends to differentiate the North American from the European model. In Europe, the tendency is to usually focus on the buildings.
381:. The objective is immersion, using exhibits so that visitors can experience the specific culture, environment or historical period using the physical senses.
233:, in 1914, town culture has also become a scope of open-air museums. In many cases, new town quarters are being constructed in existing rural culture museums.
210:, inspired by Skansen. Aall bought a large tract of land adjacent to King Oscar's royal collections, probably with a merger between them in mind. The open-air
186:, folk costumes, live animals, folk music, and demonstrations of folk crafts. The second open-air museum in the world to open its doors was also in Sweden:
139:,"Valley of the Norsemen". He believed that traditional peasant houses should be preserved against modernity, but failed to attract support for the idea.
602:
441:
182:, adjacent to the Nordic Museum. Skansen, opened to the public in 1891, was a more ambitious undertaking, including farm buildings from across
353:(opened in 1934), though, had a greater influence on museum development in North America. It influenced such projects through the continent as
214:
was opened at Bygdøy in 1902. In 1907 the royal collections were incorporated after the death of King Oscar and the dissolution of the
741:
621:
Hegard, Tonte (1993). ″Romantikk og fortidsvern. Historien om de første friluftsmuseene i Norge″. Oslo, Universitetsforlaget.
199:
394:
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131:, and was based on a visit to an exhibit of sculptures of Norwegian peasants in native costumes in the park of
82:
23:
261:, and farming without modern equipment. Many living museums feature traditional craftsmen at work, such as a
128:
127:
The idea of the open-air museum dates to the 1790s. The first proponent of the idea was the Swiss thinker
221:
Most open-air museums concentrate on rural culture. However, since the opening of the first town museum,
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795:
790:
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436:
60:
that exhibits collections of buildings and artifacts outdoors. It is also frequently known as a
426:
350:
330:
78:
42:
754:, an open-air museum in Denmark showing life from the early days until about 100 years ago.
222:
459:
Oxford
English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009
8:
644:
Hurt, R. Douglas (1978). "Agricultural
Museums: A New Frontier for the Social Sciences".
632:
Hegard, Tonte (1994). ″Hans Aall – mannen, visjonen og verket″. Oslo, Norsk
Folkemuseum.
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349:(1928), where Ford intended his collection to be "a pocket edition of America".
563:"The Old Town. Denmark's National Open Air Museum of Urban History and Culture"
413:
354:
310:
167:
86:
27:
779:
766:– One of Sweden's largest and oldest regional open-air museums, in Östersund.
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242:
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The first major steps towards the creation of open-air museums was taken in
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166:(Christiania) for public viewing. This, in turn, in 1884 and 1885 inspired
151:
772:- The second oldest open-air museum in the world, opened in Lund in 1892.
270:
155:
65:
16:
Museum that exhibits collections of buildings and artifacts out-of-doors
485:
Romantikk og fortidsvern. Historien om de første friluftsmuseer i Norge
338:
306:
262:
37:
665:
100:
747:
Valachian
Ethnographic Museum in Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, Czech Republic
431:
207:
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The World's first open-air museum, King Oscar's
Collection in
697:
Association for Living
History, Farm and Agricultural Museums
31:
607:
Living
History Museums: Undoing History Through Performance
195:
191:
163:
105:
757:
751:
241:
Living-history museums, including living-farm museums and
735:
696:
108:. Wood engraving from the guide-book, 1888. Now part of
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498:
329:
A view of the Farmers' Market in Merchant's Square in
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467:
465:
403:
760:, Aa open-air museum in Denmark showing urban life.
462:
442:List of tourist attractions providing reenactment
150:transferred four historic farm buildings and the
777:
742:Přerov nad Labem open-air museum – photo gallery
724:Photos from Museum of Folk Architecture and Life
715:An extensive list of Open-air museums in Europe.
41:An aerial photograph of the open-air museum at
389:List of open-air and living museums by country
123:, the first major open-air museum, around 1900
320:
738:Leading open-air museum in Flanders, Belgium
236:
585:
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324:
114:
99:
36:
18:
542:Hans Aall – mannen, visjonen og verket.
178:, to establish his own open-air museum
778:
580:
643:
504:
471:
200:Norwegian Museum of Cultural History
593:, Cambridge University Press, 1987.
487:. Oslo, Universitetsforlaget 1984.
395:List of open-air and living museums
361:(formerly Plimoth Plantation), and
13:
14:
827:
719:America's Outdoor History Museums
690:
708:Main open-air museums in Britain
702:Revista Digital Nueva Museologia
406:
676:Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
615:
518:"Welcome to Kulturen's museums"
83:archaeological open-air museums
596:
555:
544:Oslo, Norsk Folkemuseum 1994.
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510:
477:
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24:Hida Minzoku Mura Folk Village
1:
447:
71:
7:
758:The Old Town (Den Gamle By)
674:Open-Air Museums in Europe.
399:
10:
832:
392:
321:North American innovations
95:
713:European Open-air Museums
437:List of Renaissance fairs
206:) was founded in Oslo by
806:Vernacular architecture
736:Open Air Museum Bokrijk
609:, Scarecrow Press, 2007
495:, pp. 32–61 and 191–212
427:Historical reenactment
334:
333:with map in foreground
237:Living-history museums
158:to the royal manor at
124:
112:
79:historic house museums
49:
34:
801:Architectural history
704:Latin American Theory
672:Langer, Jiří (2022).
351:Colonial Williamsburg
331:Colonial Williamsburg
328:
129:Charles de Bonstetten
118:
103:
40:
22:
591:Museums of Influence
646:The History Teacher
507:, pp. 368–369.
375:natural environment
363:Fortress Louisbourg
315:general storekeeper
146:in 1881, when King
62:museum of buildings
347:Dearborn, Michigan
343:Greenfield Village
335:
133:Fredensborg Palace
125:
113:
50:
35:
816:Craft occupations
796:Cultural heritage
379:historical period
216:union with Sweden
212:Norsk Folkemuseum
204:Norsk Folkemuseum
170:, founder of the
110:Norsk Folkemuseum
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791:Types of museums
786:Open-air museums
669:
610:
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589:Kenneth Hudson,
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565:. Archived from
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730:Museum websites
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359:Plimoth Patuxet
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54:open-air museum
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414:Museums portal
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393:Main article:
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355:Mystic Seaport
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313:, doctor, and
243:living museums
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198:. In 1894 the
168:Artur Hazelius
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87:living history
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28:Takayama, Gifu
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571:. Retrieved
567:the original
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223:The Old Town
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152:stave church
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53:
51:
552:, pp. 41–66
271:silversmith
267:pewtersmith
66:folk museum
780:Categories
752:Hjerl Hede
638:8276310230
627:8200070840
573:2011-02-17
550:8276310230
527:2023-02-28
493:8200070840
448:References
339:Henry Ford
307:woodcarver
263:blacksmith
119:A view of
72:Definition
684:. Sample
505:Hurt 1978
472:Hurt 1978
432:Human zoo
208:Hans Aall
176:Stockholm
811:Artisans
770:Kulturen
522:Kulturen
400:See also
188:Kulturen
148:Oscar II
47:Slovakia
371:culture
311:printer
283:armorer
259:weaving
231:Denmark
180:Skansen
137:Denmark
121:Skansen
96:Origins
764:Jamtli
680:
666:491627
664:
636:
625:
548:
491:
299:sawyer
295:miller
291:potter
287:cooper
279:tanner
275:weaver
247:hearth
227:Aarhus
184:Sweden
160:Bygdøy
144:Norway
81:, and
58:museum
662:JSTOR
377:, or
162:near
154:from
64:or a
56:is a
32:Japan
678:ISBN
634:ISBN
623:ISBN
546:ISBN
489:ISBN
257:and
196:1892
192:Lund
164:Oslo
106:Oslo
654:doi
345:in
341:'s
225:in
194:in
190:in
174:in
156:Gol
135:in
52:An
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68:.
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202:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
