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1306:. ARTEMIS is considered the first military operation led by the EU, the first autonomous EU operation, the first rapid response mission of the EU, first operation outside Europe, first operation applying the principle of the framework nation and first example of "relay operation", conducted in cooperation between the EU and the United Nations. The deployment of
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had already shown interest in leading the operation. It soon broadened to an EU-led mission with France as the "Lead nation" providing the bulk of the personnel (900 of the 1400 troops) and complemented by contributions from both EU and non-EU nations. The force was supported by French aircraft based
1556:
Operation
Artemis was launched on 12 June and the IMEF completed its deployment in the following three weeks. The force was successful in stabilising the situation in Bunia and enforcing the UN presence in the DRC. On 1 September 2003, responsibility for the security of the region was handed over to
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Following the rapid deployment of about 1800 troops to the region in June 2003, Bunia was secured but massacres continued in the countryside. On 1 September 2003, responsibility for the security of the region was handed over to the MONUC mission.
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troops withdrew after the signing of a peace agreement, and
Congolese police fled. During discussions regarding the deployment of an international force, UN Security Council diplomats were mindful of a repetition of the
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1984:
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1577:(UPC) had split and fighting in the region decreased significantly. Artemis was the first autonomous EU military mission outside Europe - an important milestone in development of the
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troops in April 2003 led to a deteriorating security situation in the Ituri region, endangering the peace process in DRC. In April 2003, 800 Ugandan soldiers were deployed in
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troops quickly decreased the conflict's intensity. It marked the first autonomous EU military mission outside Europe and an important milestone in development of the
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called for establishing and deploying a temporary multi-national force to the area until the weakened MONUC mission could be reinforced. On 30 May 2003, the
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on 30 May 2003 and authorised the deployment of a French led
Interim Multinational Emergency Force (IMEF) to the regional capital of
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1403:(MONUC) observer teams present in that country since 1999, monitored serious combats and human rights violations in
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border. The Ituri conflict was fought between two non-governmental informally organised ethnic groups, the
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and one observer died in a mine explosion. In May 2003, two military observers were killed by a militia.
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the MONUC mission. The number of authorised personnel in the MONUC mission was previously extended in
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prior to 2003. These missions were not named using conventional prefixes such as EUFOR, EUNAVFOR etc.
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province where the Ituri conflict had been unfolding for the previous four years.
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Minesweeping operation in the Strait of Hormuz, (Operation
Cleansweep, 1987–1988)
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authorising the deployment of an
Interim Multinational Emergency Force (IMEF) to
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2003 European Union military operation in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
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1702:"DR Congo (Zaire) > Non-state Conflict > Hema - Lendu > Summary"
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and FJS IK, the latter being an elite specially trained company from the
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By
December 2003, one of major warring parties in the region, the
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United
Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo
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United
Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo
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The
Operation ARTEMIS in the Democratic Republic of Congo
1649:
Sjoera Dikkers & Roeland Muskens (9 September 2003).
1371:
in 1994. Following a series of massacres, including the
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Battles involving the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1798:[Difficult operation in Congo] (in Swedish).
1284:
European Union Force Democratic Republic of the Congo
2559:
Police contingent in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
1395:
UN observer mission and withdrawal of Ugandan troops
1863:, CERPESC Analyses, 07/AF/02/2008 - 21 January 2008
1926:Operations of the European Rapid Operational Force
1750:"U.N. Council May Request Foreign Force For Congo"
2565:Multinational Advisory Police Element in Albania
1914:Operations of the European Border and Coast Guard
1466:airfields. A small Swedish Special Forces group (
2649:Military ground operations of the European Union
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2577:General security surveillance mission in Kosovo
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2608:European Union Partnership Mission in Moldova
2584:European Union Monitoring Capacity to Armenia
1882:
994:
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1379:(MONUC) of serious human rights abuses, the
1362:were battling for control of the town after
1446:with a task to secure the airport, protect
1930:Missions of the European Gendarmerie Force
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1922:Operations of the European Maritime Force
1823:The EU Common Security and Defence Policy
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1620:"UN sends troops to stop Congo massacres"
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71:Learn how and when to remove this message
2447:Mission to provide advice and assistance
1934:Exercises of the European Maritime Force
1613:
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1450:in camps and the civilians in the town.
34:This article includes a list of general
2571:Demining Assistance Mission to Croatia
2418:Integrated rule of law mission (EUJUST)
1731:"Q&A: DR Congo's ethnic flashpoint"
2641:
2592:EU Planning Assistance Team in Armenia
1689:
1651:"Nederlandse troepen naar Grote Meren"
1639:
1617:
837:Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila
1993:Chad and the Central African Republic
1961:Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
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1608:
1375:of February 2003, and reports by the
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982:
877:
792:
666:
621:
599:Dissolution of the Lumumba Government
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318:
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1579:European Security and Defence Policy
1312:European Security and Defence Policy
1298:-authorised military mission to the
793:
20:
2374:Aviation security mission (EUAVSEC)
1748:Barringer, Felicity (13 May 2003).
1220:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
667:
622:
13:
2546:Police and customs operation with
2449:for security sector reform (EUSEC)
2033:(Operation Atalanta, 2008–present)
2025:(Operation Sharp Guard, 1993–1996)
1770:"Groen licht voor EU-missie Congo"
903:
239:
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2680:
2600:European Union Mission in Armenia
2353:Military advisory mission (EUMAM)
2258:Border assistance mission (EUBAM)
2221:Capacity building mission (EUCAP)
2076:Military assistance mission (MAM)
2055:(Operation Aspides, 2024–present)
1210:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
1008:
1985:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1980:(Operation Althea, 2004–present)
1969:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1938:Operations of the European Corps
1618:Steele, Jonathan (31 May 2003).
1300:Democratic Republic of the Congo
435:
198:
187:
183:Democratic Republic of the Congo
175:
137:Democratic Republic of the Congo
101:
25:
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1472:Swedish Parachute Ranger School
1421:
2397:security sector reform (EUSSR)
1918:Exercises of the Western Union
1788:
1762:
1741:
1723:
1680:
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1399:In the beginning of 2003, the
604:Torture and killing of Lumumba
123:30 May 2003 – 1 September 2003
1:
1710:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
1601:
1317:
2499:Police advisory team (EUPAT)
2136:Police mission (EUPOL, EUPM)
1568:
1448:internally displaced persons
1354:2003 Ituri conflict fighting
1126:M23 offensive (2022–present)
1049:2009 Eastern Congo offensive
721:Assassination of Habyarimana
7:
2295:Rule of law mission (EULEX)
1964:(Operation Concordia, 2003)
1584:
1575:Union of Congolese Patriots
1262:Child soldiers in the Congo
780:Ascension of Laurent Kabila
655:Non-aggression pact of 1979
169:Union of Congolese Patriots
10:
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733:Great Lakes refugee crisis
2623:
2528:AMIS EU Supporting Action
2518:
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2395:Mission in support of the
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2316:Monitoring mission (EUMM)
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2256:
2219:
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2127:
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2012:
1972:(Operation Artemis, 2003)
1951:
1944:
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1821:Koutrakos, Panos (2013).
1358:In 2003, Lendu and Hema
1205:
1197:
1059:2014 North Kivu offensive
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701:War in Uganda (1986–1994)
696:Second Sudanese Civil War
679:
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609:Death of Dag Hammarskjöld
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249:
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100:
92:
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2361:Central African Republic
2096:Central African Republic
2001:Central African Republic
1796:"SvĂĄr operation i Kongo"
1410:The withdrawal of 7,000
1257:Western DR Congo clashes
1237:2011 coup d'etat attempt
2470:Advisory mission (EUAM)
2208:Palestinian Territories
2080:Training mission (EUTM)
1827:Oxford University Press
1776:(in Dutch). 5 June 2003
1252:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
1054:M23 rebellion (2012–13)
1044:2008 Nord-Kivu campaign
449:Force Publique mutinies
55:more precise citations.
2627:Western European Union
2192:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2014:Naval force (EUNAVFOR)
1977:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1898:Overseas interventions
1859:Türke, András István,
1168:Kasindi church bombing
942:October 2020 offensive
534:Port Francqui incident
279:October 2020 offensive
1706:Conflict Encyclopedia
1686:TĂĽrke 2016, p. 53-106
1247:2013 Kinshasa attacks
1131:Anti-MONUSCO protests
748:Formation of the AFDL
1829:. pp. 109–110.
1800:Swedish Armed Forces
1513:Headquarters staff:
1302:in 2003, during the
1290:), was a short-term
1064:2017 CNPSC offensive
578:Violettes Imperiales
2625:: Conducted by the
2573:(WEUDAM, 1999–2001)
2266:Moldova and Ukraine
1945:Military operations
1854:András István Türke
1163:August 2022 attacks
822:Gbadolite Agreement
775:Overthrow of Mobutu
711:Burundian Civil War
2037:Mediterranean Sea
1755:The New York Times
1474:) was also added.
1430:Secretary-General
1242:Batwa–Luba clashes
1215:Katanga insurgency
1183:Kirindera massacre
957:Nyamamba and Mbogi
848:Effacer le tableau
842:Kisangani massacre
827:Sun City Agreement
753:Massacres of Hutus
593:Other major events
474:Congo-Stanleyville
401:LĂ©opoldville riots
394:1944 Kivu uprising
294:Nyamamba and Mbogi
2669:Conflicts in 2003
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2567:(MAPE, 1997–2001)
2324:Former Yugoslavia
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1836:978-0-19-969272-9
1478:Military forces:
1455:French Government
1280:Operation Artemis
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1136:Kishishe massacre
1034:Makobola massacre
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869:ICC investigation
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1677:TĂĽrke 2008, p. 4
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1369:Rwandan genocide
1330:occurred in the
1324:Second Congo War
1225:Operation Shujaa
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1178:Mukondi massacre
1173:Makugwe massacre
1158:Otomabere attack
1039:Makombo massacre
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728:Rwandan genocide
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1029:Kasika massacre
1024:Lemera massacre
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1902:European Union
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1802:. 4 April 2008
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1737:. 15 May 2003.
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1596:Ituri Conflict
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1508:United Kingdom
1423:
1420:
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1328:Ituri conflict
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1304:Ituri conflict
1292:European Union
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1232:Dongo conflict
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1202:
1190:
1189:
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1153:Masambo attack
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529:Kindu atrocity
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95:Ituri conflict
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24:
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2405:Guinea-Bissau
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2160:PROXIMA/FYROM
2158:
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2141:
2139:
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2133:
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2126:
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2073:
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2066:
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2046:
2043:, 2015–2020,
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2036:
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2028:
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2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2002:
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1994:
1991:
1986:
1983:
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1373:Bogoro attack
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1146:2nd Kitshanga
1144:
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1141:1st Kitshanga
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
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1124:
1122:
1121:Kagogo ambush
1119:
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1069:Uvira clashes
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1060:
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1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1011:Kivu conflict
1004:
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510:
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494:
493:Niemba ambush
491:
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384:Belgian Congo
382:
378:
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374:
373:
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368:
365:
364:
361:
358:
357:
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349:
346:Conflicts in
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305:
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54:
50:
44:
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37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
2636:
2519:
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2417:
2394:
2373:
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2315:
2294:
2257:
2220:
2135:
2079:
2075:
2022:Adriatic Sea
2013:
1968:
1952:
1910:
1848:Bibliography
1822:
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1790:
1778:. Retrieved
1773:
1764:
1753:
1743:
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1705:
1682:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1654:
1629:. Retrieved
1625:The Guardian
1623:
1572:
1563:
1555:
1500:South Africa
1452:
1438:adopted the
1425:
1422:Intervention
1409:
1398:
1383:adopted the
1357:
1332:Ituri Region
1321:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1278:
921:
846:
809:
758:
740:
683:
592:
591:
584:
577:
570:
563:
557:Dragon Rouge
556:
522:
515:Camp Massart
508:
486:
438:Congo Crisis
367:Colonization
359:
258:
161:
153:
148:Belligerents
107:Location of
93:Part of the
67:
61:October 2012
58:
39:
18:
2595:(2022–2023)
2579:(1998–1999)
2561:(1994–1996)
2555:(1993–1996)
2531:(2005–2007)
2510:(2005–2006)
2460:(2005–2016)
2437:(2004–2005)
2429:(2015–2013)
2408:(2008–2010)
2385:(2013–2014)
2382:South Sudan
2364:(2015–2016)
2335:(2005–2006)
2327:(1991–2007)
2237:Sahel Niger
2200:Afghanistan
2195:(2003–2012)
2187:(2007–2014)
2179:(2005–2007)
2171:(2007–2016)
2168:Afghanistan
2163:(2003–2005)
2155:(2007–2014)
2147:(2005–2007)
2004:(2014–2015)
1996:(2008–2009)
1539:Netherlands
1336:Lake Albert
1322:During the
1282:, formally
952:Plaine Savo
832:Six-Day War
759:Thunderbolt
571:White Giant
564:Dragon Noir
462:South Kasai
389:during WWII
289:Plaine Savo
53:introducing
2643:Categories
2229:Sahel Mali
1825:. Oxford:
1659:(in Dutch)
1602:References
1535:Luxembourg
1432:Kofi Annan
1334:alongside
1318:Background
770:Kinsangani
765:Lubumbashi
684:Background
503:Jadotville
377:Atrocities
360:Background
36:references
1911:See also:
1569:Milestone
1460:N'Djamena
523:Grandslam
487:Rum Punch
2457:RD Congo
2184:RD Congo
2176:Kinshasa
2152:RD Congo
2144:Kinshasa
1735:BBC News
1585:See also
1543:Portugal
1360:militias
1338:and the
1091:Kangbayi
962:Response
643:Shaba II
467:Invasion
348:DR Congo
300:Response
128:Location
2550:on the
2478:Ukraine
2434:Georgia
2340:Georgia
2245:Somalia
2112:Ukraine
2104:Somalia
2052:Red Sea
2030:Somalia
1900:of the
1780:11 July
1715:12 July
1663:11 July
1631:11 July
1551:Germany
1527:Ireland
1523:Hungary
1515:Austria
1480:Belgium
1464:Entebbe
1412:Ugandan
1364:Ugandan
1340:Ugandan
1116:Maimoya
1111:Bulongo
1081:Virunga
966:UN 1484
932:Marabho
922:Artemis
864:MONUSCO
638:Shaba I
457:Katanga
304:UN 1484
269:Marabho
259:Artemis
204:Artemis
49:improve
2587:(2022)
2552:Danube
2536:PAMECA
2303:Kosovo
1988:(2006)
1833:
1806:1 June
1519:Cyprus
1504:Sweden
1496:Greece
1492:France
1488:Canada
1484:Brazil
1326:, the
1106:Mwenda
1101:Tingwe
1096:Lisasa
937:Ndjala
917:Bogoro
509:UNOKAT
274:Ndjala
254:Bogoro
180:
165:tribe:
38:, but
2520:Other
2507:FYROM
2282:Rafah
2274:Libya
1774:Trouw
1656:Trouw
1547:Spain
1531:Italy
1444:Bunia
1416:Bunia
1405:Ituri
1389:Bunia
1344:Lendu
1308:EUFOR
1294:-led
1288:EUFOR
1199:Other
1076:Oicha
585:South
194:MONUC
171:(UPC)
157:tribe
155:Lendu
133:Ituri
109:Ituri
2548:OSCE
2486:Iraq
2426:Iraq
2332:Aceh
2088:Mali
1831:ISBN
1808:2016
1782:2015
1717:2015
1665:2015
1633:2015
1462:and
1453:The
1426:The
1348:Hema
1346:and
163:Hema
120:Date
1468:SSG
1458:at
741:War
2645::
2078:,
1936:·
1932:·
1928:·
1924:·
1920:·
1916:·
1772:.
1752:.
1733:.
1708:.
1704:.
1691:^
1653:.
1641:^
1622:.
1610:^
1581:.
1561:.
1549:,
1545:,
1541:,
1537:,
1533:,
1529:,
1525:,
1521:,
1517:,
1510:,
1506:,
1502:,
1498:,
1494:,
1490:,
1486:,
1482:,
1428:UN
1391:.
1314:.
1296:UN
135:,
2039:(
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1810:.
1784:.
1758:.
1719:.
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68:(
63:)
59:(
45:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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