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for respiration and excretion, and dorsal and ventral arm shields are present and usually well developed. Arms are unbranched and incapable of coiling vertically. Most are five-armed, some with 4 or 6 arms as an abnormality, but others properly bear six or seven arms. The
395:
Smith, A. B.; Paterson, G. L. J.; Lafay, B. (1995). "Ophiuroid phylogeny and higher taxonomy: morphological, molecular and palaeontological perspectives".
239:. Tropical species tend to contrast color from the environment, but most others prefer to blend in. These biochromes do not include echinochromes.
276:
586:
336:
331:
301:
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281:
266:
261:
247:
There is currently no consensus as to the subdivision of the
Ophiurida. The order has been divided into the following suborders and infraorders
625:
251:
828:
766:
560:
599:
235:
is on the oral surface. The digestive glands are entirely within the central disc. They move their arms side to side by means of
786:"A new brittle star from the Early Carboniferous of Poland and its implications on Paleozoic modern-type ophiuroid systematics"
432:
604:
697:
630:
759:
612:
352:
Ophiurida have a world-wide distribution range and are found in oceans in different depths. Most of them are
521:
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123:
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E.Clarkson, E.N.K. Clarkson, Invertebrate
Palaeontology and Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell; 4.ed. (1998)
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Another classification scheme divides it into the following suborders:
208:
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44:
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R.C.Brusca, G.J.Brusca. Invertebrates. Sinauer
Associates, 2 ed.(2003)
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218:. It includes the vast majority of living brittle stars.
784:
Thuy, Ben; Kutscher, Manfred; Płachno, Bartosz (2014).
783:
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810:
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327:Another classification scheme divides it as:
242:
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397:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
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719:
680:688F6EE4-C494-C7F8-86C7-B972FA7E6FCD
641:2c5dbca9-b486-4028-8231-af4485400afc
422:European Register of Marine Species
13:
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14:
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829:Extant Devonian first appearances
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1:
790:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
363:
739:. You can help Knowledge by
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322:Müller & Troschel, 1840
10:
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347:
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433:Mikko's Phylogeny Archive
243:Systematics and phylogeny
190:
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180:Müller and Troschel, 1840
119:Scientific classification
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108:
99:
23:
799:10.4202/app.00093.2014
735:-related article is a
409:10.1006/zjls.1995.0024
237:ball-and-socket joints
662:Paleobiology Database
16:Order of echinoderms
315:(= Ophiotrichidae)
834:Ophiuroidea stubs
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713:
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649:Open Tree of Life
449:Taxon identifiers
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30:Devonian– Present
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27:Temporal range:
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305:Matsumoto, 1915
297:Matsumoto, 1915
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226:Ophiurida have
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222:Characteristics
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111:Ophiura ophiura
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403:(2): 213–243.
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342:Gnathophiurina
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313:Ljungman, 1867
310:Ophiothricidae
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272:Gnathophiurina
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337:Laemophiurina
335:
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332:Chilophiurina
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311:
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302:Laemophiurina
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294:Chilophiurina
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282:Ophiolepidina
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267:Chilophiurina
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262:Hemieuryalina
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156:Echinodermata
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741:expanding it
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824:Ophiuroidea
733:Ophiuroidea
574:iNaturalist
481:Wikispecies
252:Ophiomyxina
233:madreporite
216:Ophiuroidea
211:within the
209:echinoderms
166:Ophiuroidea
813:Categories
364:References
354:herbivores
192:See text.
186:Suborders
819:Ophiurida
514:Ophiurida
501:Ophiurida
487:Ophiurida
457:Ophiurida
360:feeders.
319:Ophiurina
257:Ophiurina
201:Ophiurida
176:Ophiurida
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
24:Ophiurida
466:Wikidata
358:detritus
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
690:4780160
472:Q146660
348:Ecology
203:are an
172:Order:
162:Class:
703:123117
687:uBio:
654:197637
638:NZOR:
605:157382
228:bursae
731:This
698:WoRMS
675:Plazi
667:31552
592:10451
587:IRMNG
579:48837
540:8ZXHK
527:27574
213:class
205:order
737:stub
631:7619
626:NCBI
600:ITIS
566:1429
561:GBIF
553:2037
522:BOLD
199:The
35:PreꞒ
794:doi
613:NBN
548:EoL
535:CoL
509:AFD
496:ADW
405:doi
401:114
356:or
207:of
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90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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