672:
335:
75:
164:
85:
685:
607:
176:
43:
1940:
147:
64:
778:
1981:
1911:
591:
1959:
120:
1893:
1996:
138:
97:
109:
1662:
129:
599:
1926:
418:, commanded the French half of the forces and ignored Sigismund's entreaties by charging the Turks. About 12,000 crusaders died with only a few leaders, including Sigismund, escaping. Sigismund returned to Hungary in 1401 and, facing a number of revolts, gradually resumed control and re-asserted himself as the King of Hungary. This was achieved by allying himself with the political party of
534:
The primary representatives of "the perfidious Enemy" remained the
Ottoman Turks, who continued to be a problem for Sigismund's successors. The Order's outward focus on foreign threats was also aimed at achieving a level of domestic cohesion. The statutes go on to describe the order's symbols of the
727:
After some time, Sigismund chose to expand the ranks of the Order. A second group of inductees was initiated between 1431 and 1437. As membership grew, the Order of the Dragon came to have two degrees. There was a superior class, which between 1408 and 1418 wore both the dragon and the cross as the
580:
in company with the prelates, barons, and magnates of our kingdom, whom we invite to participate with us in this party, by reason of the sign and effigy of our pure inclination and intention to crush the pernicious deeds of the same perfidious Enemy, and of the followers of the ancient Dragon, and
541:
and the red cross, which were worn by its members and gave the order its corporate identity (see below). They also list the mutual obligations of the king and his nobles. The members were to swear loyalty to the king, queen, and their future sons and to protect the royal interests. Boulton argues
656:
annotation to the original edict reads "O Quam
Misericors est Deus, Pius et Justus" (O how merciful is God, faithful and just), which may have been officially part of the emblem. The various classes of the order had a slight variation of the dragon symbol. Common changes included the addition of
581:(as one would expect) of the pagan knights, schismatics, and other nations of the Orthodox faith, and those envious of the Cross of Christ, and of our kingdoms, and of his holy and saving religion of faith, under the banner of the triumphant Cross of Christ...
366:
in 1385. During the next decade, he constantly sought support or employed ruthless methods to strengthen his unsteady hold on the throne. His rule was weakened in 1395 when Mary, who was pregnant, died in a horse riding accident. In 1389, the
Ottoman Sultan
542:
that "the
Society of the Dragon was clearly intended to serve as the institutional embodiment of the royal faction its founder had created". In return for their services, the nobles could expect to enjoy royal protection, honors, and offices.
430:, in return for their military support, which enabled him to fight off domestic rivals. Sigismund campaigned against the Croatian nobility in Slavonia, but the brunt of the campaign was directed at Bosnians and their nobility south of the
661:("Oh, how merciful is God") and "Justus et Paciens" ("Just and patient"). One of the highest classes may have worn a necklace with a seal, while a period painting of Oswald von Wolkenstein depicts another type of class variation.
626:
flowing out into the interior of the cleft by a white crack, untouched by blood, just as and in the same way that those who fight under the banner of the glorious martyr St George are accustomed to bear a red cross on a white
527:, defend the Hungarian monarchy from foreign and domestic enemies, and the Catholic Church from heretics and pagans. It also included foreigners (and non-Catholics), such as the Orthodox Serbian ruler
664:
Few historical artifacts of the Order now remain. A copy, dating to 1707, of the statutes of 1408 is the oldest known literary artifact of the society. Today, known materials are archived within the
622:
incurved into the form of a circle, its tail winding around its neck, divided through the middle of its back along its length from the top of its head right to the tip of its tail, with blood a
576:, chancellor of Sigismund's court, survives only in a copy made in 1707, which was published in an edition in 1841. The prologue to these statutes of 1408 reports that the society was created:
1939:
645:
field. The Order's dragon emblem has not survived in any original form, but it has been referenced on coins, art, and in writing. An embroidered badge from c.1430 is found at the
618:...we and the faithful barons and magnates of our kingdom shall bear and have, and do choose and agree to wear and bear, in the manner of society, the sign or effigy of the
2606:
1759:
763:
The 21 original members of the Order of the Dragon were enumerated in the 1408 founding charters. These were, in original order and Latin description:
435:
2288:
446:, 171 members of Bosnian nobility were also massacred. His pact with Hermann II was secured in 1408, when Sigismund married Herman II's daughter
476:(see below), but assign no name to it. Contemporary records, however, refer to the order by a variety of similar if unofficial names, such as
728:
Order's emblem and a more elaborate version afterwards. The second degree had a large number of members, and its symbol was only the dragon.
558:
493:
2436:
X.4. No. CCCXVII. Buda, 1841. 682–94; earlier edition by J. F. Miller, "Monumenta diplomatica nunc primum ex autographis edita". In
1196:
1365:
1726:
2514:
731:
Following
Sigismund's death in 1437, the Order lost prominence. However, the prestigious emblem of the Order was retained on the
704:). They were mostly Sigismund's political allies and supporters, who were at first largely confined to the political factions of
1698:
671:
2601:
2591:
1910:
78:
2408:
1705:
1679:
1245:
1178:
1151:
1846:
928:
334:
2547:
2397:
2379:
2151:
1958:
1745:
1712:
254:
1995:
2075:
602:
Reconstruction of the emblem (II) based on the sketches in
Austrian Museum custody; the original badge is missing.
230:
1980:
1855:
1768:
1694:
1683:
1596:
1272:
325:
238:
202:
74:
724:. The initial group of inductees for Sigismund's Order numbered 21 men, which extended to about 24 in 1418.
684:
2586:
1892:
862:
346:
Sigismund faced fierce struggles for power leading up to the foundation of the order in 1408. In 1387, the
517:
2552:
Abbildungen und
Beschreibung aller hoher Geistlichen, Weltlichen und Frauenzimmer Ritter-Orden in Europa
1441:
1137:
1121:
443:
2285:
2015:
1471:
1429:
870:
819:
713:
1490:
Paulus
Byssenus, alter Paulus de Peth, pridem Dalmatiae, Croatiae et totius Sclauoniae regnorum bani,
1276:
1200:
992:
2050:
2596:
1395:
1345:
1068:
646:
606:
546:
406:, and put a halt to the Ottoman expansion. Sigismund was nominally in charge; however, in the 1396
2364:
The
Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe, 1325–1520
1546:
1523:
1141:
1046:
379:, in which both leaders died, leading to an uncertain outcome of the battle. Two years later, the
1719:
1672:
1419:
1383:
1369:
1060:
1022:
988:
932:
835:
653:
150:
2515:"In Search of the Lesbian Vampire: Barbara von Cilli, Le Fanu’s 'Carmilla' and the Dragon Order"
2325:
B. Baranyai, Zsigmond király ú. n. Sárkány-rendje, Századok LIX–LX, 1925–1926, 561–591, 681–719.
1945:
1840:
1325:
1204:
665:
505:
363:
305:
289:
42:
2261:
2141:
2372:
The Late
Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
1820:
1399:
1302:
1268:
1072:
1391:
1170:
1064:
2540:
Abbildung und Beschreibung aller Ritterorden in Europa. Reprintauflage der Ausgabe von 1792
1264:
1188:
1125:
1103:
942:
636:
501:
1321:
1237:
782:
689:
8:
1931:
1917:
1898:
1826:
1803:
1763:
1642:
1214:
924:
920:
901:
744:
717:
631:
The dragon described here, with its tail coiled around its neck, bears comparison to the
554:
427:
419:
407:
329:
2303:
G. Fejér: Codex Diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis, X/4, Budae, 1841, 317.
1964:
1568:
792:
705:
528:
1867:
1861:
1542:
250:
69:
1550:
1174:
1042:
964:
462:, founded the league known today as the Order of the Dragon. Its statutes, written in
146:
141:
2543:
2501:
Der Drachenorden: Genese, GrĂĽndung und Entartung. Dokumentation und SchluĂźfolgerungen
2393:
2375:
2147:
1925:
1638:
889:
800:
709:
562:
459:
447:
423:
415:
191:
169:
132:
90:
1572:
549:
during the 14th and early 15th centuries, not infrequently dedicated to organizing "
492:. It was to some extent modelled after the earlier Hungarian monarchical order, the
2412:
1634:
1107:
831:
439:
391:
376:
313:
206:
1774:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1129:
777:
594:
Reconstruction of the order patch (I) based on existing Austrian museum artifacts.
2292:
1968:
1808:
1503:
897:
843:
834:, most notable as the faithful supporter and father-in-law of the Hungarian king
827:
796:
372:
262:
246:
242:
123:
1606:
1290:
1076:
442:. In the aftermath of this battle, and events unfolding in what is known as the
2316:, u: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Band 3, Varlag J.B. Metzer, MĂĽnchen, 1986, 1346.
1794:
1499:
1479:
1453:
1241:
1002:
956:
946:
893:
866:
839:
823:
590:
524:
403:
309:
285:
270:
222:
20:
1379:
1056:
675:
Order of the Dragon. Reconstruction in Trakai Island Castle museum, Lithuania.
545:
The creation of the order was an instance within a larger fashion of founding
119:
2580:
2571:
1784:
1610:
1576:
1298:
1294:
1218:
960:
614:
The edict of 1408 describes two insignia to be worn by members of the Order:
380:
276:
The Order flourished during the first half of the 15th century, primarily in
2432:
Statutes of the society, promulgated on 13 December 1408, ed. György Fejér,
1630:
1475:
1457:
1433:
1117:
752:
732:
635:. On the back of the dragon, from the base of the neck to the tail, is the
509:
339:
266:
2101:"Historical Text Archive: Electronic History Resources, online since 1990"
573:
1877:
1554:
1445:
1387:
1280:
1133:
1095:
721:
234:
2100:
1777:, brother of Despot Stefan Lazarević, received the title from Sigismund.
786:
520:
was used as a symbol for the military and religious ethos of the order.
1814:
1686: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1564:
351:
137:
736:
1873:
1798:
632:
537:
384:
102:
2403:
Rezachevici, Constantin. "From the Order of the Dragon to Dracula".
1661:
598:
1788:
1099:
569:
399:
395:
258:
181:
128:
114:
1601:
1559:
1498:
Paul Besenyő and Paul Pécsi, Hungarian noblemen, Ban of Dalmatia,
1466:
1424:
1374:
1285:
1209:
1183:
1146:
1112:
1051:
997:
951:
937:
1986:
1830:
1780:
1534:
Petrus de Peren, alias siculorum nunc vero maramorossensis comes,
740:
550:
368:
359:
355:
347:
301:
293:
277:
696:
Members of the order are referred to in the statutes as barons (
19:"Society of the Dragon" redirects here. Not to be confused with
2002:
1972:
1881:
1834:
641:
411:
398:
against the Ottomans, and a campaign was organised to liberate
297:
2485:
Devries, Dickie, Dougherty, Jestice, Jorgensen, and Pavkovic.
968:
561:
of 1326. Another influential model may have been the Sicilian
284:. After Sigismund's death in 1437, its importance declined in
1902:
1514:
Michael, filius Salamonis de Nadasd comes siculorum regalium,
748:
692:(1560 – 1614) inspired by symbols of the Order of the Dragon.
557:(1396). Sigismund's order was particularly inspired from the
513:
463:
281:
2445:
1595:
Emeric Perényi, Hungarian nobleman, important diplomat King
2341:
1267:, Hungarian baron and military leader from the influential
431:
830:
prince and magnate, father of the Hungarian Queen consort
2262:"Abzeichen des Drachenordens - Bayrisches Nationalmuseum"
1621:
et Joannes filius condam domini Nicolai de Gara palatini.
362:, a title which he owed chiefly to his marriage to Queen
338:
Ceremonial sword of the Order, c. 1433, displayed at the
2140:
Von Luxemburg, Sigismund; Curtin, D. P. (January 2024).
1229:
comes Karolus de Corbauia, supremus thesaurarius regius,
2494:
The Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of Eastern Europe
2209:
Rezachevici, "From the Order of the Dragon to Dracula".
568:
The statute of the Order, which was expanded by Bishop
1852:
Foreign allies, who did not swear an oath of loyalty:
1587:
Emericus de eadem Pern secretarius cancellarius regius
2390:
Dracula: Prince of Many Faces. His Life and His Times
2123:
2121:
1256:
Symon filius condam Konye bani de Zecheen, janitorum,
2407:1 (1999): pp 3–7. Transcriptions available online:
2139:
2032:
2030:
1102:magnate, general, strategist and confidant of King
927:(c. 1348–1414), aristocrat of Polish origin in the
504:in 1318, the grandfather of Sigismund's first wife
2243:
2241:
2118:
912:Stiborius de Stiboricz alias vaiuoda Transyluanus,
2528:. Indiana University Press, 1994. pp. 54–62.
2167:
2165:
2163:
1629:John Garai, nobleman from the Hungarian-Croatian
1162:Nicolaus de Zeech magister tauernicorum regalium,
2607:Religious organizations established in the 1400s
2578:
2027:
1356:Petrus Cheh de Lewa aganzonum regalium magistri,
1041:John Maróti (c. 1366–1434), Hungarian nobleman,
2448:XI: Die Urkunden Kaiser Sigismunds 1410/11–1437
2238:
1248:(1408–1409), castellan of Visegrád (1403–1409).
735:of several Hungarian noble families, including
458:On December 12, 1408, Sigismund and his queen,
229:, literally "Society of the Dragonists") was a
2279:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2160:
1013:Jacobus Laczk de Zantho, vaiuodae Transyluani,
316:, took his name from the Order of the Dragon.
2489:. Barnes & Noble, 2007. pp. 188–195.
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
1880:, Useppi, and leaders of Venezia, Padova and
1410:Nicolaus de Chak, alias vaiuoda Transyluanus,
1336:Joannes filius Georgii de Alsaan pincernarum,
585:
1952:, 1432—wearing the Order of the Dragon chain
881:Nicolaus de gara, regni Hungariae palatinus,
2533:Ungarische Verfassung- und Rechtsgeschichte
2510:Princeton University Press, 2003. pp 70–72.
2374:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
467:
253:(r. 1433–1437). It was fashioned after the
2178:
1173:, Hungarian nobleman from the influential
1021:James Lack of Szántó, Hungarian nobleman,
2438:Acta Literaria Musei Nationalis Hungarici
2093:
1872:members of Italian families, such as the
1746:Learn how and when to remove this message
1045:(1397, 1398–1402, 1402–1410, 1427–1248),
453:
2524:Sugar, P.F. and Hanak, P. and Frank, T.
2478:Bogyay, Thomas von. "Drachenorden". In:
2443:Sigismund's charters, ed. J. F. Böhmer,
2043:
1811:(1383-1462) father in law of Skanderbeg
776:
768:Stephanus despoth, dominus Serbiae, item
683:
670:
605:
597:
589:
553:", especially after the disaster of the
333:
319:
292:in 1453, it continued to play a role in
261:, requiring its initiates to defend the
16:Renaissance-era European chivalric order
2068:
1313:comes Joannes de Corbauia, dapiferorum,
2579:
2472:
2466:Cronici turcesti privind tarile romana
1324:, Count of Krbava, Croatian nobleman,
1240:, Count of Krbava, Croatian nobleman,
781:Coat of arms of Serbian despot Stefan
523:The aim of the order was to fight the
2460:Calatori straini despre tarile romane
2414:Barcelona-Esoterismo-Esoterisme-Magia
2235:X.4. No. CCCXVII. Buda, 1841. 682–94.
1771:(ca. 1350–1416), Grand Duke of Bosnia
1522:Michael Nádasdi, Hungarian nobleman,
979:Joannes filius Henrici de Thamassy et
2388:Florescu, Radu and Raymond McNally,
2369:
2356:
2347:
2127:
1684:adding citations to reliable sources
1655:
1418:Nicolaus Csáki, Hungarian nobleman,
1150:of the chamber of salt (1400–1426),
486:Societas Draconica seu Draconistarum
383:had taken the Bulgarian fortress of
1858:, Sigismund's former brother-in-law
1847:Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary
758:
13:
2426:
2421:
2143:Charter of the Order of the Dragon
2001:Order of the Dragon on a medieval
1817:(1405-1468), commander and leader
1197:Roman Catholic Diocese of Veszprém
434:which culminated in 1408 with the
14:
2618:
2565:
2550:. From the original: G. Eichler,
2487:Battles of the Crusades 1097–1444
2266:www.bayerisches-nationalmuseum.de
1087:Pipo de Ozora Zewreniensis, bani;
987:John Tamási, Hungarian nobleman,
892:(c. 1367–1433), Hungarian baron,
854:comes Fredericus, filius eiusdem,
811:Hermannus comes Cily et Zagoriae,
237:and monarchs, founded in 1408 by
2051:"Sigismund | Holy Roman emperor"
1994:
1979:
1957:
1938:
1924:
1909:
1891:
1862:Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania
1783:, Bulgarian prince, son of Tsar
1660:
1651:
249:(r. 1387–1437) and later became
174:
162:
145:
136:
127:
118:
107:
95:
83:
73:
62:
41:
2496:. Palgrave Press, 2001, Map 22.
2450:. 2 vols. Innsbruck, 1896–1900.
2328:
2319:
2306:
2297:
2254:
2225:
1671:needs additional citations for
1033:Joannes de Maroth Machouiensis,
498:Societas militae Sancti Georgii
2482:3. Munich, 1986. p. 1346.
2392:. Boston: Little Brown, 1989.
2366:. Boydell Press, 2000. 348 ff.
2212:
2133:
2076:"Sigismund | Encyclopedia.com"
1271:, a staunch supporter of King
639:, with the entire image on an
304:, which bore the brunt of the
1:
2602:Orders of chivalry of Hungary
2592:1408 establishments in Europe
2542:. Holzminden, 1980 and 1999.
2492:Hupchick, D.P. and Cox, H.E.
2105:www.historicaltextarchive.com
2038:Dracula, Prince of Many Faces
2021:
1422:(1402–1403, 1415–1426), also
935:(1395–1401, 1409–1414), also
716:, including such magnates as
679:
482:Divisa seu Societas Draconica
326:Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
2561:. Basic Books, 2008. pp 4–6.
2454:Documenta Romaniae Historica
2434:Codex diplomaticus Hungariae
2233:Codex diplomaticus Hungariae
518:legendary defeat of a dragon
478:Gesellschaft mit dem Drachen
7:
2499:Kuzdrzal-Kicki, Wladyslaw.
2009:
1856:King Ladislaus II of Poland
1815:Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg
1203:for the Queen (1406–1409),
1144:Counties (1407–1426), also
531:and the Wallachian rulers.
231:monarchical chivalric order
10:
2623:
2554:. Augsburg: BĂĽrgien, 1792.
2519:Journal of Dracula Studies
2405:Journal of Dracula Studies
2370:Fine, John V. A. (1994) .
2016:Order of the Four Emperors
1797:(d. 1447), then Prince of
1599:, Secret chancellor, also
659:O Quam Misericors est Deus
586:Symbol and other artifacts
472:) whose members carry the
323:
308:. The Prince of Wallachia
18:
1916:Pipo de Ozora, fresco by
1277:Master of the doorkeepers
1201:master of the doorkeepers
993:Master of the doorkeepers
637:Red Cross of Saint George
265:and fight the enemies of
233:only for selected higher
197:
187:
157:
57:
49:
40:
35:
30:
2480:Lexikon des Mittelalters
2249:The Knights of the Crown
2220:The Knights of the Crown
2173:The Knights of the Crown
1346:Master of the cupbearers
647:Bavarian National Museum
444:Bloody Sabor of KriĹľevci
2503:. Vol. 1. Munich, 1978.
2350:, pp. 465 and 483.
2247:Translated by Boulton,
2055:Encyclopedia Britannica
1950:Innsbrucker Handschrift
1868:King Henry V of England
1769:Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić
1420:Voivode of Transylvania
1370:Voivode of Transylvania
1023:Voivode of Transylvania
989:Voivode of Transylvania
933:Voivode of Transylvania
836:Sigismund of Luxembourg
654:University of Bucharest
373:Lazar, Prince of Serbia
350:royal son Sigismund of
239:Sigismund of Luxembourg
151:Second Bulgarian Empire
2440:1. Buda, 1818. 167–90.
2036:Florescu and McNally,
1946:Oswald von Wolkenstein
1841:Oswald von Wolkenstein
1545:, Hungarian nobleman,
1464:Counties (1402–1403),
1326:Master of the stewards
1205:Master of the treasury
1136:Counties (1404–1426),
967:Counties, Lord of all
949:Counties (1395–1401),
790:
693:
676:
666:University of Budapest
629:
611:
603:
595:
583:
468:
454:Foundation and purpose
377:Battle of Kosovo Polje
343:
290:Fall of Constantinople
227:Societas Draconistarum
226:
36:Societas Draconistarum
2559:The Enemy at the Gate
1821:Ferdinand I of Naples
1762:or Stibor II, son of
1695:"Order of the Dragon"
1645:branch of the family.
1579:(1406–1419) Counties.
1547:Count of the Székelys
1524:Count of the Székelys
1482:Counties (1415–1426).
1047:Count of the Székelys
780:
687:
674:
616:
609:
601:
593:
578:
559:Order of Saint George
466:, call it a society (
402:from the Turks, save
337:
320:Historical background
288:. However, after the
2526:A History of Hungary
2513:McNally, Raymond T.
2362:Boulton, D'A. J. D.
2231:György Fejér (ed.),
2080:www.encyclopedia.com
1989:, Prince of Bulgaria
1680:improve this article
1597:Sigismund of Hungary
1364:Peter Cseh de LĂ©va,
1273:Sigismund of Hungary
1104:Sigismund of Hungary
789:dynasty coat of arms
508:. The order adopted
502:Charles I of Hungary
490:Fraternitas Draconum
354:was elected King of
2587:Order of the Dragon
1948:—portrait from the
1932:Stibor of Stiboricz
1918:Andrea del Castagno
1899:Alfonso V of Aragon
1804:Alfonso V of Aragon
1764:Stibor of Stiboricz
1553:(1397, 1400–1401),
1402:and ValkĂł Counties.
1366:Master of the horse
921:Stibor of Stiboricz
902:Palatine of Hungary
785:with dragon around
718:Stibor of Stiboricz
714:Hermann II of Celje
610:Engraving from 1724
565:, founded in 1381.
555:Battle of Nicopolis
500:), founded by King
494:Order of St. George
428:Hermann II of Celje
420:Stibor of Stiboricz
408:Battle of Nicopolis
330:Battle of Nicopolis
269:, particularly the
219:Order of the Dragon
31:Order of the Dragon
2538:Baslack, Andreas.
2462:. Bucharest, 1970.
2456:. Bucharest, 1977.
2291:2009-03-26 at the
1557:(1415–1423), also
1372:(1436–1438), also
1283:(1395–1412), also
1207:(1408–1410), also
1171:Nicholas II Szécsi
1049:(1397–1398), also
995:(1409–1416), also
929:Kingdom of Hungary
791:
694:
677:
657:inscriptions like
612:
604:
596:
344:
306:Ottoman incursions
251:Holy Roman Emperor
79:Kingdom of Croatia
70:Kingdom of Hungary
2473:Secondary sources
2468:. Bucharest 1966.
2357:Secondary sources
1827:Benjamin de BenyĂł
1756:
1755:
1748:
1730:
1639:Nicholas II Garai
1637:, and brother of
1275:since the 1380s,
890:Nicholas II Garai
710:Nicholas II Garai
690:Elizabeth Báthory
563:Order of the Ship
460:Barbara von Cilli
424:Nicholas II Garay
212:
211:
192:Order of chivalry
170:Holy Roman Empire
133:Serbian Despotate
91:Holy Roman Empire
53:1408–16th century
2614:
2385:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2334:Gusztáv Wenzel:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2317:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2258:
2252:
2245:
2236:
2229:
2223:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2176:
2169:
2158:
2157:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2047:
2041:
2034:
1998:
1983:
1965:Stefan Lazarević
1961:
1942:
1928:
1913:
1895:
1760:Stibor de Beckov
1751:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1688:
1664:
1656:
1635:Nicholas I Garai
1305:(1405) Counties.
1301:(1404–1405) and
1269:Szécsényi family
1191:(1402), secular
832:Barbara of Cilli
799:(1389–1402) and
793:Stefan Lazarević
759:Founding members
706:Stefan Lazarević
688:Coat of arms of
547:chivalric orders
529:Stefan Lazarević
471:
392:Pope Boniface IX
314:Vlad the Impaler
312:, the father of
180:
178:
177:
168:
166:
165:
149:
140:
131:
122:
113:
111:
110:
101:
99:
98:
89:
87:
86:
77:
68:
66:
65:
45:
28:
27:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2597:Dynastic orders
2577:
2576:
2572:Regesta Imperii
2568:
2557:Wheatcroft, A.
2535:. Berlin, 1904.
2475:
2446:Regesta Imperii
2429:
2427:Primary sources
2424:
2422:Further reading
2382:
2359:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2338:, Budapest 1874
2333:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2312:Th. v. Bogyay:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2293:Wayback Machine
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2239:
2230:
2226:
2222:, p. 349 n. 70.
2217:
2213:
2208:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2154:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2035:
2028:
2024:
2012:
2005:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1975:
1962:
1953:
1943:
1934:
1929:
1920:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1809:Gjergj Arianiti
1752:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1689:
1687:
1677:
1665:
1654:
1504:Ban of Slavonia
1265:Simon Szécsényi
1246:Royal treasurer
1179:Royal treasurer
1175:House of Szécsi
1152:Royal treasurer
898:Ban of Slavonia
844:Ban of Slavonia
761:
700:, occasionally
682:
588:
474:signum draconis
456:
436:Battle of Dobor
364:Mary of Hungary
332:
324:Main articles:
322:
255:military orders
243:King of Hungary
241:, who was then
215:
175:
173:
172:
163:
161:
153:
144:
142:League of Lezhë
135:
126:
124:Crown of Aragon
117:
108:
106:
105:
96:
94:
93:
84:
82:
81:
72:
63:
61:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2620:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2566:External links
2564:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2511:
2508:The Hungarians
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2441:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2409:(RTF-document)
2401:
2386:
2380:
2367:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2340:
2327:
2318:
2305:
2296:
2278:
2253:
2237:
2224:
2211:
2177:
2159:
2152:
2132:
2130:, p. 465.
2117:
2092:
2067:
2042:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1978:
1976:
1963:
1956:
1954:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1801:
1795:Vlad II Dracul
1792:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1754:
1753:
1668:
1666:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1500:Ban of Croatia
1493:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1242:Ban of Croatia
1232:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1108:Ban of Severin
1090:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1003:Szolnok County
982:
981:
975:
974:
973:
972:
957:Szolnok County
915:
914:
908:
907:
906:
905:
894:Ban of Croatia
884:
883:
877:
876:
875:
874:
867:Count of Celje
857:
856:
850:
849:
848:
847:
840:Ban of Croatia
824:Count of Celje
822:(1360s–1435),
814:
813:
807:
806:
805:
804:
797:Serbian Prince
771:
770:
760:
757:
681:
678:
587:
584:
525:Ottoman Empire
512:as its patron
455:
452:
416:John of Nevers
404:Constantinople
321:
318:
310:Vlad II Dracul
286:Western Europe
271:Ottoman Empire
213:
210:
209:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
159:
155:
154:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
38:
37:
33:
32:
21:Dragon Society
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2619:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2548:3-8262-1807-8
2545:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2531:Timon, Akos.
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2398:0-316-28656-7
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2381:9780472082605
2377:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2349:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2322:
2315:
2309:
2300:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2250:
2244:
2242:
2234:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2153:9798869346247
2149:
2145:
2144:
2136:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1785:Ivan Shishman
1782:
1779:
1776:
1775:Vuk Lazarević
1773:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1747:
1739:
1736:December 2018
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697: –
1696:
1692:
1691:Find sources:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1669:This section
1667:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1652:Other members
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1574:
1571:(1404–1412),
1570:
1567:(1398–1423),
1566:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1549:(1397–1401),
1548:
1544:
1543:Peter Perényi
1541:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1344:John Alsáni,
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1293:(1403–1405),
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1279:(1403–1409),
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1244:(1408–1409),
1243:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1219:Sopron County
1217:(1406–1419),
1216:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1199:(1403–1405),
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1181:(1397), also
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:(1369–1426),
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1000:
999:
994:
991:(1403–1409),
990:
986:
985:
984:
983:
980:
977:
976:
970:
966:
962:
959:(1409–1414),
958:
954:
953:
948:
944:
940:
939:
934:
930:
926:
922:
919:
918:
917:
916:
913:
910:
909:
903:
900:(1397–1401),
899:
896:(1395–1397),
895:
891:
888:
887:
886:
885:
882:
879:
878:
872:
868:
865:(1379–1454),
864:
861:
860:
859:
858:
855:
852:
851:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
818:
817:
816:
815:
812:
809:
808:
802:
798:
795:(1374–1427),
794:
788:
784:
779:
775:
774:
773:
772:
769:
766:
765:
764:
756:
754:
750:
746:
743:, Szathmáry,
742:
738:
734:
729:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
691:
686:
673:
669:
667:
662:
660:
655:
650:
648:
644:
643:
638:
634:
628:
625:
621:
615:
608:
600:
592:
582:
577:
575:
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
540:
539:
532:
530:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
465:
461:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
394:proclaimed a
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
341:
336:
331:
327:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
214:Military unit
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:
190:
186:
183:
171:
160:
156:
152:
148:
143:
139:
134:
130:
125:
121:
116:
104:
92:
80:
76:
71:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2558:
2551:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2507:
2506:Lendvai, P.
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2444:
2437:
2433:
2413:
2404:
2389:
2371:
2363:
2343:
2336:Stibor vajda
2335:
2330:
2321:
2314:Drachenorden
2313:
2308:
2299:
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2265:
2256:
2248:
2232:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2172:
2142:
2135:
2108:. Retrieved
2104:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2079:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:
2045:
2037:
1949:
1849:(1456–1516)
1742:
1733:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1690:
1678:Please help
1673:verification
1670:
1631:Garai family
1620:
1600:
1586:
1558:
1551:Ban of MacsĂł
1533:
1526:(1405–1422).
1513:
1506:(1404–1406).
1489:
1465:
1423:
1409:
1373:
1355:
1335:
1328:(1406–1419).
1312:
1284:
1255:
1228:
1221:(1406–1410).
1208:
1192:
1182:
1161:
1154:(1407–1408).
1145:
1111:
1086:
1050:
1043:Ban of MacsĂł
1032:
1025:(1403–1409).
1012:
1005:(1403–1409).
996:
978:
950:
936:
911:
904:(1402–1433).
880:
863:Frederick II
853:
846:(1406–1407).
810:
803:(1402–1427).
767:
762:
733:coat of arms
730:
726:
701:
697:
695:
663:
658:
651:
640:
630:
623:
619:
617:
613:
579:
567:
544:
536:
533:
522:
510:Saint George
497:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
457:
389:
345:
275:
267:Christianity
218:
216:
205:and Empress
25:
2040:. pp. 40–2.
1878:della Scala
1555:Judge royal
1281:Judge royal
1189:Zala County
1096:Pippo Spano
739:, Bocskai,
722:Pippo Spano
235:aristocracy
2581:Categories
2022:References
1706:newspapers
1215:Vas County
1193:gubernator
871:Hermann II
820:Hermann II
745:Benyovszky
680:Membership
352:Luxembourg
158:Allegiance
2348:Fine 1994
2251:, p. 350.
2218:Boulton,
2175:, p. 349.
2171:Boulton,
2128:Fine 1994
1843:(d. 1445)
1799:Wallachia
1633:, son of
1569:Máramaros
1079:Counties.
869:, son of
783:Lazarević
633:ouroboros
624:red cross
574:Nagyvárad
538:ouroboros
390:In 1396,
385:Nicopolis
342:, Vienna.
340:Neue Burg
203:Sigismund
103:Wallachia
58:Countries
2521:3 (2001)
2289:Archived
2010:See also
1789:Bulgaria
1643:Palatine
1442:Csongrád
1297:(1404),
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