868:, which lies on the side of an elongated molecular cloud in a cavity formed by the massive young stars. (Theta Orionis C emits 3-4 times as much photoionizing light as the next brightest star, Theta Orionis A.) The H II region has a temperature ranging up to 10,000 K, but this temperature falls dramatically near the edge of the nebula. The nebulous emission comes primarily from photoionized gas on the back surface of the cavity. The H II region is surrounded by an irregular, concave bay of more neutral, high-density cloud, with clumps of neutral gas lying outside the bay area. This in turn lies on the perimeter of the Orion Molecular Cloud. The gas in the molecular cloud displays a range of velocities and turbulence, particularly around the core region. Relative movements are up to 10 km/s (22,000 mi/h), with local variations of up to 50 km/s and possibly more.
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1025:. The wind forms shock waves or hydrodynamical instabilities when it encounters the gas in the nebula, which then shapes the gas clouds. The shock waves from stellar wind also play a large part in stellar formation by compacting the gas clouds, creating density inhomogeneities that lead to gravitational collapse of the cloud.
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are stationary and are formed when two particle streams collide with each other. They are present near the hottest stars in the nebula where the stellar wind speed is estimated to be thousands of kilometers per second and in the outer parts of the nebula where the speeds are tens of kilometers per
1000:
phase, it is classified as a star. Even though most planetary disks can form planets, observations show that intense stellar radiation should have destroyed any proplyds that formed near the
Trapezium group, if the group is as old as the low mass stars in the cluster. Since proplyds are found very
1258:
C. Robert O'Dell commented about this
Knowledge article, "The only egregious error is the last sentence in the Stellar Formation section. It should actually read 'Even though most planetary disks can form planets, observations show that intense stellar radiation should have destroyed any proplyds
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formed a cluster, and he was the first to name them the
Trapezium cluster. Based on their magnitudes and spectral types, he derived a distance estimate of 1,800 light years. This was three times farther than the commonly accepted distance estimate of the period but was much closer to the modern
871:
Observers have given names to various features in the Orion Nebula. The dark bay that extends from the north into the bright region is known as "Sinus Magnus", also called the "Fish's Mouth". The illuminated regions to both sides are called the "Wings". Other features include "The Sword", "The
1131:
and the destabilized volumes collapse into disks. The disk concentrates at the core to form a star, which may be surrounded by a protoplanetary disk. This is the current stage of evolution of the nebula, with additional stars still forming from the collapsing molecular cloud. The youngest and
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observed the nebula on March 4, 1769, and he also noted three of the stars in
Trapezium. Messier published the first edition of his catalog of deep sky objects in 1774 (completed in 1771). As the Orion Nebula was the 42nd object in his list, it became identified as M42.
1719:
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that formed near the
Trapezium group, if the group is as old as the low mass stars in the cluster. Since proplyds are found very close to the Trapezium group, it can be argued that those stars are much younger than the rest of the cluster members.'"
1132:
brightest stars we now see in the Orion Nebula are thought to be less than 300,000 years old, and the brightest may be only 10,000 years in age. Some of these collapsing stars can be particularly massive, and can emit large quantities of ionizing
710:
instrument of the Hubble Space
Telescope finished capturing the most detailed image of the nebula yet taken. The image was taken through 104 orbits of the telescope, capturing over 3,000 stars down to the 23rd magnitude, including infant
1127:, the atoms are precipitated into heavier molecules and the result is a molecular cloud. This presages the formation of stars within the cloud, usually thought to be within a period of 10–30 million years, as regions pass the
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926:
showed solar-system-sized condensations associated with these sources. Here the idea appeared that these objects might be low-mass stars surrounded by an evaporating protostellar accretion disk. In 1993 observations with the
1141:. This process is responsible for creating the interior cavity of the nebula, allowing the stars at the core to be viewed from Earth. The largest of these stars have short life spans and will evolve to become supernovae.
2327:"The Orion Nebula Is Full of Impossible Enigmas That Come in Pairs - In new, high-resolution imagery of the star-forming region, scientists spotted worlds that defied explanation, naming them Jupiter Mass Binary Objects"
529:
mention it, even though he also made telescopic observations surrounding it in 1610 and 1617. This has led to some speculation that a flare-up of the illuminating stars may have increased the brightness of the nebula.
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The dynamic gas motions in M42 are complex, but are trending out through the opening in the bay and toward the Earth. The large neutral area behind the ionized region is currently contracting under its own gravity.
1136:
radiation. An example of this is seen with the
Trapezium cluster. Over time the ultraviolet light from the massive stars at the center of the nebula will push away the surrounding gas and dust in a process called
377:. The Trapezium Cluster is a component of the much larger Orion Nebula cluster, an association of about 2,800 stars within a diameter of 20 light years. The Orion Nebula is in turn surrounded by the much larger
346:. It is seen as the middle "star" in the "sword" of Orion, which are the three stars located south of Orion's Belt. The "star" appears fuzzy to sharp-eyed observers, and the nebulosity is obvious through
288:
The Orion Nebula is one of the most scrutinized and photographed objects in the night sky and is among the most intensely studied celestial features. The nebula has revealed much about the process of how
2358:
Megeath, S. T.; et al. (2012). "The
Spitzer Space Telescope Survey of the Orion A and B Molecular Clouds. I. A Census of Dusty Young Stellar Objects and a Study of Their Mid-infrared Variability".
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Typically, a cloud of material remains a substantial distance from the star before the fusion reaction ignites. This remnant cloud is the protostar's protoplanetary disk, where planets may form. Recent
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Within about 100,000 years, most of the gas and dust will be ejected. The remains will form a young open cluster, a cluster of bright, young stars surrounded by wispy filaments from the former cloud.
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Laques, P.; Vidal, J. L. (March 1979). "Detection of a new kind of condensations in the center of the Orion Nebula, by means of S 20 photocathodes associated with a
Lallemand electronic camera".
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first observed the Orion Nebula. Since then, the nebula has been a frequent target for HST studies. The images have been used to build a detailed model of the nebula in three dimensions.
2046:"Catalogue des Nébuleuses & des amas d'Étoiles, que l'on découvre parmi les Étoiles fixes sur l'horizon de Paris; observées à l'Observatoire de la Marine, avec différens instruments"
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had used the interferometer to detect rotation and irregular motions. Campbell and Moore confirmed these results using the spectrograph, demonstrating turbulence within the nebula.
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and extend for hundreds of light years. The tiny force of gravity that could compel the cloud to collapse is counterbalanced by the very faint pressure of the gas in the cloud.
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one sees how in like manner some stars are compressed into a very narrow space and how round about and between the stars a white light like that of a white cloud is poured out.
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From temperate zones in the
Northern Hemisphere, the nebula appears below the Belt of Orion; from temperate zones in the Southern Hemisphere the nebula appears above the Belt.
922:. These sources were interpreted as partly ionized globules (PIGs). The idea was that these objects are being ionized from the outside by M42. Later observations with the
273:. The M42 nebula is estimated to be 24 light-years across (so its apparent size from Earth is approximately 1 degree). It has a mass of about 2,000 times that of the
622:
One of Andrew Ainslie Common's 1883 photographs of the Orion Nebula, the first to show that a long exposure could record new stars and nebulae invisible to the human eye.
1341:
Reid, M. J.; et al. (2009). "Trigonometric Parallaxes of Massive Star Forming Regions: VI. Galactic Structure, Fundamental Parameters and Non-Circular Motions".
845:. Stars are forming throughout the entire Cloud Complex, but most of the young stars are concentrated in dense clusters like the one illuminating the Orion Nebula.
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1116:. They begin as gravitationally bound blobs of cold, neutral hydrogen, intermixed with traces of other elements. The cloud can contain hundreds of thousands of
354:. The peak surface brightness of the central region of M42 is about 17 Mag/arcsec and the outer bluish glow has a peak surface brightness of 21.3 Mag/arcsec.
1959:
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which is hundreds of light years across, spanning the whole Orion Constellation. Two million years ago the Orion Nebula cluster may have been the home of the
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The nebula was independently "discovered" (though visible to the naked eye) by several other prominent astronomers in the following years, including by
1101:
Panoramic image of the center of the nebula, taken by the Hubble Telescope. This view is about 2.5 light years across. The Trapezium is at center left.
330:
Discussing the location of the Orion Nebula, what is seen within the star-formation region, and the effects of interstellar winds in shaping the nebula
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Observers have long noted a distinctive greenish tint to the nebula, in addition to regions of red and of blue-violet. The red hue is a result of the
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in his 1619 monograph on the comets (describing observations of the nebula that may date back to 1611). He made comparisons between it and a bright
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of its primary four stars within a diameter of 1.5 light years. Two of these can be resolved into their component binary systems on nights with good
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may have described the nebula within their "Three Hearthstones" creation myth; if so, the three would correspond to two stars at the base of Orion,
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where new stars are being born. Observations of the nebula have revealed approximately 700 stars in various stages of formation within the nebula.
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1089:'s orbit and tipped with iron atoms glowing in the infrared. They were probably formed one thousand years earlier from an unknown violent event.
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contract under their own gravity. As the gas collapses, the central clump grows stronger and the gas heats to extreme temperatures by converting
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of a nebula in history. Another set of photographs of the nebula in 1883 saw a breakthrough in astronomical photography when amateur astronomer
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His description of the center stars as different from a comet's head in that they were a "rectangle" may have been an early description of the
2240:
1063:. These narrow streams are traveling at hundreds of kilometers per second, and become shocks when they encounter relatively stationary gases.
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incense in a modern myth, or, in (the translation it suggests of) an ancient one, the literal or figurative embers of a fiery creation.
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The interaction of the stellar wind with the surrounding cloud also forms "waves" which are believed to be due to the hydrodynamical
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respectively, with an orbital period of 9.8 days. Surprisingly, the more massive of the two also turned out to be the less luminous.
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2069:
Eclecticism, Opportunism, and the Evolution of a New Research Agenda: William and Margaret Huggins and the Origins of Astrophysics
1926:
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method to examine the nebula showing it, like other nebulae he had examined, was made up of "luminous gas". On September 30, 1880
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Warped shocks appear bow-like to an observer. They are produced when a jet-driven shock encounters gas moving in a cross-current.
790:
Optical images reveal clouds of gas and dust in the Orion Nebula; an infrared image (right) reveals the new stars shining within.
8163:
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939:. HST has revealed more than 150 of these within the nebula, and they are considered to be systems in the earliest stages of
719:. A year later, scientists working with the HST announced the first ever masses of a pair of eclipsing binary brown dwarfs,
2470:"Hidden Secrets of Orion's Clouds – VISTA survey gives most detailed view of Orion A molecular cloud in the near-infrared"
1513:
8076:
5526:
2414:
Kuhn, M. A.; et al. (2015). "The Spatial Structure of Young Stellar Clusters. II. Total Young Stellar Populations".
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close to the Trapezium group, it can be argued that those stars are much younger than the rest of the cluster members.
943:. The sheer numbers of them have been used as evidence that the formation of planetary systems is fairly common in the
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have been observed around most of the newly formed stars in the nebula, and the destructive effects of high levels of
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2028:
665:, west London. These images for the first time showed stars and nebula detail too faint to be seen by the human eye.
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observations show that dust grains in these protoplanetary disks are growing, beginning on the path towards forming
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at that time could explain it. There was some speculation that the lines were caused by a new element, and the name
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1971:
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373:, giving a total of six stars. The stars of the Trapezium Cluster, along with many other stars, are still in their
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The first discovery of the diffuse nebulous nature of the Orion Nebula is generally credited to French astronomer
3041:
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Orion Nebula photographs taken by Andrew Ainslie Common in 1883, part of the London Science Museum's collection
2815:"Discovery of New Objects in the Orion Nebula on HST Images: Shocks, Compact Sources, and Protoplanetary Disks"
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used the dry plate process to record several images in exposures up to 60 minutes with a 36-inch (91 cm)
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977:. The protostar is 'born' when it begins to emit enough radiative energy to balance out its gravity and halt
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1085:"bullets" of gas piercing the hydrogen clouds of the Orion Nebula. Each bullet is ten times the diameter of
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at the tip of the "belt" of the imagined hunter, the vertices of a nearly perfect equilateral triangle with
51:
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The green hue was a puzzle for astronomers in the early part of the 20th century because none of the known
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noted this nebula, even though they both listed patches of nebulosity elsewhere in the night sky; nor did
763:
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O'Dell, C. R.; et al. (2009). "The Three-Dimensional Dynamic Structure of the Inner Orion Nebula".
2272:
K. G. Stassun; et al. (2006). "Discovery of two young brown dwarfs in an eclipsing binary system".
451:". This radiation was impossible to reproduce in the laboratory at the time, because it depended on the
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The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican cultures : the civilizations of Mexico and Central America
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396:, which are currently moving away from the nebula at speeds greater than 100 km/s (62 mi/s).
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Robberto, M.; et al. (2005). "An overview of the HST Treasury Program on the Orion Nebula".
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systems are formed from collapsing clouds of gas and dust. Astronomers have directly observed
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2065:"Chapter 2—Part 3: Unlocking the "Unknown Mystery of the True Nature of the Heavenly Bodies""
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The first published observation of the nebula was by the Jesuit mathematician and astronomer
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498:(including the Orion Nebula) in the middle of the triangle seen as the smudge of smoke from
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and Eberhard discovered differing velocities within the nebula, and by 1914 astronomers at
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Once formed, the stars within the nebula emit a stream of charged particles known as a
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3003:"The formation of a bound star cluster: from the Orion nebula cluster to the Pleiades"
2392:
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1994:
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The entirety of the Orion Nebula extends across a 1° region of the sky, and includes
723:. The pair are located in the Orion Nebula and have approximate masses of 0.054
569:
542:
475:
362:
196:
64:
54:
40:
The entire Orion Nebula in a composite image of visible light and infrared; taken by
3002:
2045:
1591:
1382:
1123:
Whether due to collisions with a spiral arm, or through the shock wave emitted from
1052:
second. Bow shocks can also form at the front end of stellar jets when the jet hits
1040:
There are three different kinds of shocks in the Orion Nebula. Many are featured in
895:
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2904:
1692:
1607:"The Space Motions of AE Aurigae and μ Columbae with Respect to the Orion Nebula"
1517:
904:
742:
In October 2023, astronomers, based on observations of the Orion Nebula with the
630:
600:
573:
572:. (The first detection of three of the four stars of this cluster is credited to
526:
479:
343:
310:
238:
75:
68:
3078:
5284:
5274:
3212:
3031:
1510:
1437:
Hirota, Tomoya; et al. (2007). "Distance to Orion KL Measured with VERA".
970:
966:
448:
436:
374:
266:
230:
27:
3166:
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1396:
455:
and nearly collision-free environment found in the high vacuum of deep space.
8142:
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4064:
4039:
3323:
3263:
2989:
2963:
2848:
2748:
2699:
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818:
560:
seen in 1618 and described how the nebula appeared through his telescope as:
428:
135:
128:
1470:
593:
published the first detailed drawing of the central region of the nebula in
8117:
5294:
4909:
4864:
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4159:
4139:
3308:
3303:
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1757:
1164:
1018:
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990:
842:
799:
751:
638:
634:
611:
382:
358:
342:
The Orion Nebula is visible with the naked eye even from areas affected by
3106:
3100:
3094:
2021:
Celestial Treasury: From the Music of the Spheres to the Conquest of Space
1180:(2010), an IMAX film with an elaborate CGI fly-through of the Orion Nebula
1097:
618:
7818:
5485:
5129:
4454:
4429:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3738:
3733:
3723:
3508:
3228:
3124:
3057:
2668:", Students for the Exploration and Development of Space, April 12, 2006.
1896:
Harrison, Thomas G. (1984). "The Orion Nebula: Where in History is it?".
1133:
1059:
Jet-driven shocks are formed from jets of material sprouting off newborn
958:
861:
803:
716:
712:
700:
420:. The blue-violet coloration is the reflected radiation from the massive
393:
302:
87:
2864:"Mid-Infrared Emission at Photodissociation Regions in the Orion Nebula"
2295:
649:
to make a 51-minute exposure of the Orion Nebula, the first instance of
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7858:
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5109:
3718:
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3328:
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3283:
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2271:
2221:"Latest investigations of Orion Nebula reduce odds of planet formation"
1199:
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1082:
838:
834:
724:
673:
413:
389:
385:
347:
306:
258:
101:
3053:
2665:
2094:
The Measurement of Starlight: Two Centuries Of Astronomical Photometry
1841:
Lynn, W. (June 1887). "First Discovery of The Great Nebula in Orion".
1555:"Preliminary Study of the Orion Nebula Cluster Structure and Dynamics"
860:
The current astronomical model for the nebula consists of an ionized (
435:
was coined for this mysterious material. With better understanding of
3268:
3258:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
2713:
Churchwell, E.; Felli, M.; Wood, D. O. S.; Massi, M. (October 1987).
1676:
1649:
1220:
1176:
1124:
1113:
1048:
974:
779:
642:
537:, on November 26, 1610, when he made a record of observing it with a
417:
409:
351:
250:
234:
3877:
2964:"Gemini's Laser Vision Reveals Striking New Details in Orion Nebula"
8053:
8048:
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8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
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7983:
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7973:
7963:
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7953:
7948:
7938:
7928:
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7908:
7903:
7878:
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7853:
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7703:
7693:
7678:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
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7563:
7548:
7523:
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7478:
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7403:
7398:
7388:
7358:
7353:
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7338:
7333:
7328:
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2158:
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1583:
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511:
440:
432:
334:
3181:
3069:
January 2006 Hubble Space Telescope image of the Trapezium cluster
2601:
2375:
2237:
1453:
1357:
7943:
7933:
7923:
5369:
4834:
4539:
4354:
4184:
3964:
3929:
3134:
1014:
885:
755:
586:
De systemate orbis cometici, deque admirandis coeli characteribus
553:
506:
491:
405:
813:
The Nebula is part of a much larger nebula that is known as the
5490:
5149:
5054:
3959:
3949:
3924:
3919:
1963:
1485:
1285:
1109:
759:
662:
338:
The constellation of Orion with the Orion Nebula (lower middle)
294:
262:
246:
152:
105:
880:
3064:
January 2006 Hubble Space Telescope image of the Orion Nebula
3001:
Kroupa, P., Aarseth, S.J., Hurley, J. 2001, MNRAS, 321, 699,
1967:
1086:
614:'s 1880 photograph of the Orion Nebula, the first ever taken.
557:
499:
487:
483:
270:
2764:"Direct Imaging of Circumstellar Disks in the Orion Nebula"
1998:
817:. The Orion molecular cloud complex extends throughout the
290:
8112:
1028:
467:
Messier's drawing of the Orion Nebula in his 1771 memoir,
277:. Older texts frequently refer to the Orion Nebula as the
1340:
1022:
274:
2712:
2642:
Atlas of the Messier Objects: Highlights of the Deep Sky
1436:
3028: (archived June 6, 2013), University of South Wales
2715:"Solar System--sized Condensations in the Orion Nebula"
2549:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
2501:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
2180:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
2137:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
918:
showed six unresolved high-ionization sources near the
463:
5541:
1781:"The Orion Nebula: A chapter of early nebular studies"
1317:(1st American ed.). London: DK Pub. p. 242.
703:
energy from the most massive stars have been studied.
8089:
2761:
2541:
1520:", Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 2006.
1036:) formed by the action of stellar winds on the cloud.
1899:
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
1552:
1511:
Astronomers Spot The Great Orion Nebula's Successor
661:that he constructed in the backyard of his home in
2813:O'dell, C. R.; Wen, Zheng; Hu, Xihai (June 1993).
2091:
2023:. Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 153.
645:photographic process with an 11-inch (28 cm)
1440:Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
1425:Revised New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue
8140:
2098:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p.
1992:
935:within the Orion Nebula, which have been dubbed
2812:
1484:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879).
313:effects of massive nearby stars in the nebula.
2917:The Splendor of Orion: A Star Factory Unveiled
2132:"On the Radial Velocities of the Orion Nebula"
1993:Frommert, H.; Kronberg, C. (August 25, 2007).
5527:
3893:
3197:
3079:Remarkable new views captured of Orion Nebula
2241:Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society
2129:
1818:"The Discoverer of the Great Nebula in Orion"
1778:
1291:Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg
2861:
2318:
2214:
2212:
2018:
1866:
1864:
1697:. Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press. p. 165.
1604:
1553:Hillenbrand, L. A.; Hartmann, L. W. (1998).
1310:
265:) away and is the closest region of massive
3037:Orion Nebula observed by Gemini Observatory
2677:
2644:. Cambridge University Press. p. 179.
2324:
1505:
1503:
1336:
1334:
1108:like the Orion Nebula are found throughout
1004:
856:reveals many young stars and other objects.
316:
8189:Astronomical objects known since antiquity
5534:
5520:
3900:
3886:
3809:Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars
3204:
3190:
2946:Young stars blamed for space cloud ripples
2762:McCaughrean, Mark J.; et al. (1996).
2584:
2493:
2050:Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
1779:Tibor Herczeg, Norman (January 22, 1999).
1483:
1414:
1021:have much stronger stellar winds than the
3085:NightSkyInfo.com – The Great Orion Nebula
2889:
2838:
2789:
2738:
2600:
2569:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2521:
2429:
2374:
2325:O’Callaghan, Jonathan (October 2, 2023).
2218:
2209:
2200:
2157:
2089:
1870:
1861:
1711:
1675:
1632:
1452:
1356:
583:(whose sketch was the first published in
16:Diffuse nebula in the constellation Orion
2172:
1951:
1895:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1690:
1532:"Surface Brightness of Deep Sky Objects"
1500:
1331:
1275:
1273:
1096:
1027:
894:
879:
847:
785:
773:
617:
606:
462:
333:
320:
8184:Astronomical objects discovered in 1610
2578:
2357:
2351:
2043:
1957:
1924:
1758:"The Great Orion Nebula: M42 & M43"
1430:
969:. If the temperature gets high enough,
931:have yielded the major confirmation of
357:The Orion Nebula contains a very young
92:−05° 23′ 28″
8141:
3101:Planetary Systems Now Forming in Orion
2639:
2530:
2407:
2219:Salisbury, David F. (April 10, 2001).
2062:
1240:1,270 × tan( 66′ / 2 ) = 12 ly. radius
683:noted that the fainter stars near the
5515:
3907:
3881:
3185:
3176:ESO: Hidden Secrets of Orion’s Clouds
2487:
2130:Campbell, W. W.; et al. (1917).
1755:
1744:
1717:
1650:"The Origin of the Nebulium Spectrum"
1647:
1529:
1270:
888:within the Orion Nebula taken by the
3852:
3032:Orion Nebula observed by Chandra/HST
2413:
2339:from the original on October 2, 2023
1925:Galilei, Galileo (October 9, 2003).
1918:
1840:
1311:Gater, Will; Vamplew, Anton (2010).
903:The Orion Nebula is an example of a
474:There has been speculation that the
3211:
2544:"The structure of the Orion nebula"
1389:
1196:, which is part of the Orion Nebula
996:Once the protostar enters into its
257:of 4.0. It is 1,344 ± 20
13:
2862:Kassis, Marc; et al. (2006).
2175:"The Distance of the Orion Nebula"
1995:"Hodierna's Deep Sky Observations"
1932:. Hudson, New York. Archived from
1252:
1243:
1234:
14:
8210:
3022:Animated tour of the Orion Nebula
3010:
899:Star Formation Fireworks in Orion
875:
424:stars at the core of the nebula.
8123:
8111:
8099:
3861:
3851:
3842:
3841:
3787:
2542:Balick, B.; et al. (1974).
2173:Trumpler, Robert Julius (1931).
2019:Lachieze-Rey, Marc, ed. (2001).
1760:. Southern Astronomical Delights
1605:Blaauw, A.; et al. (1954).
754:, similar in mass to the planet
34:
3074:Orion Nebula M42, Hubble Images
2995:
2982:
2956:
2938:
2922:
2909:
2855:
2806:
2755:
2706:
2671:
2658:
2633:
2496:"Structure of the Orion Nebula"
2462:
2265:
2231:
2166:
2123:
2083:
2056:
2037:
2012:
1986:
1889:
1834:
1810:
1772:
1756:James, Andrew (June 27, 2012).
1718:Krupp, Edward (February 1999).
1684:
1641:
1598:
1546:
1530:Clark, Roger (March 28, 2004).
535:Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc
305:within the nebula, intense and
3054:Messier 42, SEDS Messier pages
1523:
1477:
1304:
1253:
1244:
1235:
963:gravitational potential energy
910:In 1979 observations with the
864:) region, roughly centered on
796:neutral clouds of gas and dust
1:
8164:Orion molecular cloud complex
3829:Revised New General Catalogue
2915:Ker Than, January 11, 2006, "
1691:Carrasco, David, ed. (2001).
1421:Revised NGC Data for NGC 1976
1264:
1216:Orion molecular cloud complex
852:Orion A molecular cloud from
815:Orion molecular cloud complex
469:Mémoires de l'Académie Royale
399:
379:Orion molecular cloud complex
3090:Astronomy Picture of the Day
2680:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1092:
1071:Kelvin-Helmholtz instability
1034:Kelvin–Helmholtz instability
769:
746:, reported the discovery of
589:). In 1659, Dutch scientist
261:(412.1 ± 6.1
104: (412
7:
3178:incl. Photos and animations
2393:10.1088/0004-6256/144/6/192
2063:Becker, Barbara J. (1993).
1648:Bowen, Ira Sprague (1927).
1375:10.1088/0004-637X/700/1/137
1147:
912:Lallemand electronic camera
764:Jupiter Mass Binary Objects
708:Advanced Camera for Surveys
10:
8215:
3115:Gray, Meghan; et al.
3042:Orion Nebula at ESA/Hubble
2990:Detail of the Orion Nebula
2448:10.1088/0004-637X/802/1/60
1785:Acta Historica Astronomiae
744:James Webb Space Telescope
581:Giovanni Battista Hodierna
458:
8062:
5554:
5478:
3915:
3837:
3796:
3785:
3219:
3047:January 30, 2009, at the
2903:October 24, 2006, at the
2044:Messier, Charles (1774).
1958:Galilei, Galileo (1610).
1423:per Wolfgang Steinicke's
872:Thrust", and "The Sail".
715:and possible brown dwarf
576:in a February 4, 1617. )
253:in the night sky with an
203:
186:
176:
172:
161:
151:
146:
134:
123:
112:
96:
86:
74:
60:
49:
33:
26:
3081:, SpaceFlight Now, 2001.
2090:Hearnshaw, J.B. (1996).
1871:Schreiber, John (1904).
1314:The Practical Astronomer
1227:
1211:Orion correlation theory
1005:Stellar wind and effects
541:purchased by his patron
317:Physical characteristics
147:Physical characteristics
2934:Vanderbilt News Service
2692:1979A&A....73...97L
2640:Stoyan, Ronald (2008).
1493:The American Cyclopædia
1189:List of Messier objects
1184:List of diffuse nebulae
973:will ignite and form a
916:Pic-du-Midi Observatory
721:2MASS J05352184–0546085
124:Apparent dimensions (V)
3814:Herschel 400 Catalogue
2992:", HST image and text.
2494:O'Dell, C. R. (2001).
1927:"The Starry Messenger"
1232:
1102:
1054:interstellar particles
1037:
979:gravitational collapse
957:and other gases in an
941:solar system formation
929:Hubble Space Telescope
900:
892:
890:Hubble Space Telescope
857:
804:ionized volumes of gas
791:
783:
693:Hubble Space Telescope
623:
615:
566:
471:
339:
331:
249:and is visible to the
243:constellation of Orion
42:Hubble Space Telescope
8169:Orion (constellation)
5543:New General Catalogue
3824:New General Catalogue
2932:", January 16, 2006,
2930:Mapping Orion's Winds
2869:Astrophysical Journal
2819:Astrophysical Journal
2719:Astrophysical Journal
2417:Astrophysical Journal
1830:: 615. June 10, 1916.
1720:"Igniting the Hearth"
1612:Astrophysical Journal
1563:Astrophysical Journal
1471:10.1093/pasj/59.5.897
1344:Astrophysical Journal
1206:New General Catalogue
1202:, a reflection nebula
1100:
1032:View of the ripples (
1031:
898:
883:
851:
800:associations of stars
789:
777:
655:Andrew Ainslie Common
621:
610:
562:
466:
445:doubly ionized oxygen
337:
329:
8194:Star-forming regions
8067:Astronomical catalog
3133:The Orion Nebula on
3117:"M42 – Orion Nebula"
2769:Astronomical Journal
2588:Astronomical Journal
2362:Astronomical Journal
1732:on December 11, 2007
1728:: 94. Archived from
1160:Kleinmann–Low Nebula
933:protoplanetary disks
782:of the Orion Nebula.
697:Protoplanetary disks
659:reflecting telescope
647:refracting telescope
550:Johann Baptist Cysat
539:refracting telescope
449:forbidden transition
309:of the gas, and the
299:protoplanetary disks
8072:List of NGC objects
3171:Articles and images
3107:Great Orion Nebulae
2882:2006ApJ...637..823K
2831:1993ApJ...410..696O
2782:1996AJ....111.1977M
2731:1987ApJ...321..516C
2611:2001PASP..113...29O
2562:1974PASP...86..616B
2514:2001PASP..113...29O
2440:2015ApJ...802...60K
2385:2012AJ....144..192M
2296:10.1038/nature04570
2288:2006Natur.440..311S
2254:2005AAS...20714601R
2193:1931PASP...43..255T
2150:1917PASP...29..143C
1912:1984QJRAS..25...65H
1855:1887Obs....10R.232L
1823:Scientific American
1797:1998AcHA....3..246H
1725:Sky & Telescope
1668:1927Natur.120..473B
1625:1954ApJ...119..625B
1576:1998ApJ...492..540H
1463:2007PASJ...59..897H
1367:2009ApJ...700..137R
1106:Interstellar clouds
1042:Herbig–Haro objects
522:Book of Fixed Stars
408:recombination line
23:
3804:Caldwell catalogue
2968:Gemini Observatory
2332:The New York Times
2260:NASA press release
1974:on August 29, 2000
1960:"Siderius Nuncius"
1873:"Jesuit Astronomy"
1516:2006-02-18 at the
1103:
1038:
901:
893:
858:
808:reflection nebulae
792:
784:
681:Robert J. Trumpler
628:amateur astronomer
624:
616:
591:Christiaan Huygens
472:
340:
332:
283:Great Orion Nebula
255:apparent magnitude
163:Absolute magnitude
114:Apparent magnitude
50:Observation data:
21:
8087:
8086:
5549:
5509:
5508:
5501:Stewart Sharpless
3909:Sharpless catalog
3875:
3874:
3056:and specifically
2282:(7082): 311–314.
2258:See also see the
1878:Popular Astronomy
1704:978-0-19-514257-0
1324:978-0-7566-7324-6
1139:photo evaporation
920:Trapezium Cluster
595:Systema Saturnium
570:Trapezium Cluster
543:Guillaume du Vair
363:Trapezium Cluster
327:
307:turbulent motions
237:, being south of
211:
210:
181:Trapezium cluster
8206:
8174:Orion–Cygnus Arm
8128:
8127:
8126:
8116:
8115:
8104:
8103:
8102:
8095:
5545:
5536:
5529:
5522:
5513:
5512:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3879:
3878:
3865:
3855:
3854:
3845:
3844:
3791:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3128:
3103:2009 December 22
3005:
2999:
2993:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2970:. March 22, 2007
2960:
2954:
2942:
2936:
2926:
2920:
2913:
2907:
2895:
2893:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2842:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2742:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2675:
2669:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2604:
2595:(779): 367–382.
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2539:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2433:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2378:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2227:on May 27, 2006.
2223:. Archived from
2216:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2097:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1970:. Archived from
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1931:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1753:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:10.1038/120473a0
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1559:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1527:
1521:
1509:Press release, "
1507:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1456:
1434:
1428:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1397:"NGC 1976 = M42"
1393:
1387:
1386:
1360:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1277:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1171:Horsehead Nebula
924:Very Large Array
884:View of several
831:Horsehead Nebula
651:astrophotography
633:used his visual
626:In 1865 English
328:
281:in Orion or the
233:situated in the
206:Lists of nebulae
177:Notable features
82:
38:
24:
20:
8214:
8213:
8209:
8208:
8207:
8205:
8204:
8203:
8179:Diffuse nebulae
8149:Messier objects
8139:
8138:
8136:
8134:
8124:
8122:
8110:
8100:
8098:
8090:
8088:
8083:
8058:
5550:
5540:
5510:
5505:
5474:
3911:
3906:
3876:
3871:
3833:
3819:Index Catalogue
3792:
3783:
3215:
3213:Messier objects
3210:
3121:Deep Sky Videos
3109:2008 October 23
3095:Spitzer's Orion
3049:Wayback Machine
3026:Wayback Machine
3013:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2943:
2939:
2927:
2923:
2914:
2910:
2905:Wayback Machine
2860:
2856:
2811:
2807:
2760:
2756:
2711:
2707:
2676:
2672:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2638:
2634:
2583:
2579:
2540:
2531:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2412:
2408:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2323:
2319:
2270:
2266:
2236:
2232:
2217:
2210:
2171:
2167:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2061:
2057:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1939:on July 6, 2004
1936:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1894:
1890:
1869:
1862:
1843:The Observatory
1839:
1835:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1754:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1689:
1685:
1646:
1642:
1603:
1599:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1518:Wayback Machine
1508:
1501:
1482:
1478:
1435:
1431:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1230:
1225:
1150:
1095:
1081:There are also
1007:
953:when clumps of
905:stellar nursery
878:
866:Theta Orionis C
772:
738:
735:
732:and 0.034
730:
727:
631:William Huggins
601:Charles Messier
574:Galileo Galilei
490:, and another,
480:Central America
461:
447:, a so-called "
402:
361:, known as the
344:light pollution
321:
319:
217:(also known as
194:
80:
76:Right ascension
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8212:
8202:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8133:
8132:
8120:
8108:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8079:
8069:
8063:
8060:
8059:
8057:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
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7586:
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7576:
7571:
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7551:
7546:
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7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5539:
5538:
5531:
5524:
5516:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
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3913:
3912:
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3904:
3897:
3890:
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3872:
3870:
3869:
3859:
3849:
3838:
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3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3798:
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3782:
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3696:
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3671:
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3641:
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3501:
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3231:
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3217:
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3209:
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3179:
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3131:
3129:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3051:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3012:
3011:External links
3009:
3007:
3006:
2994:
2981:
2955:
2937:
2921:
2908:
2891:10.1086/498404
2876:(2): 823–837.
2854:
2840:10.1086/172786
2805:
2791:10.1086/117934
2754:
2740:10.1086/165648
2705:
2670:
2657:
2651:978-0521895545
2650:
2632:
2619:10.1086/317982
2577:
2571:10.1086/129654
2529:
2523:10.1086/317982
2508:(779): 29–40.
2486:
2461:
2406:
2350:
2317:
2264:
2230:
2208:
2202:10.1086/124134
2165:
2159:10.1086/122612
2122:
2108:
2082:
2055:
2036:
2029:
2011:
1985:
1950:
1917:
1888:
1860:
1833:
1809:
1771:
1743:
1710:
1703:
1683:
1640:
1634:10.1086/145866
1597:
1584:10.1086/305076
1570:(2): 540–553.
1545:
1522:
1499:
1487:"Nebula"
1476:
1447:(5): 897–903.
1429:
1413:
1388:
1351:(1): 137–148.
1330:
1323:
1303:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1250:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1157:
1155:Barnard's Loop
1151:
1149:
1146:
1094:
1091:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1057:
1006:
1003:
971:nuclear fusion
967:thermal energy
877:
876:Star formation
874:
827:Barnard's Loop
771:
768:
736:
733:
728:
725:
460:
457:
443:transition in
437:atomic physics
429:spectral lines
401:
398:
318:
315:
311:photo-ionizing
267:star formation
231:diffuse nebula
209:
208:
201:
200:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
170:
169:
166:
159:
158:
155:
149:
148:
144:
143:
138:
132:
131:
125:
121:
120:
117:
110:
109:
100:1,344±20
98:
94:
93:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
62:
58:
57:
47:
46:
39:
31:
30:
28:Diffuse nebula
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8211:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8146:
8144:
8137:
8131:
8121:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8107:
8097:
8096:
8093:
8078:
8075:
8074:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8064:
8061:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5548:
5544:
5537:
5532:
5530:
5525:
5523:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5496:RCW Catalogue
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
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3099:
3097:2010 April 10
3096:
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3015:
3014:
3004:
2998:
2991:
2985:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2944:Denise Chow.
2941:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:press release
2896:See also the
2892:
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2255:
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2169:
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2109:9780521403931
2105:
2101:
2096:
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2070:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2030:9780521800402
2026:
2022:
2015:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1913:
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1673:
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1662:(3022): 473.
1661:
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1618:
1614:
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1187:
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1179:
1178:
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1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:T Tauri stars
1058:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:Massive stars
1012:
1002:
999:
998:main sequence
994:
992:
991:planetesimals
988:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
897:
891:
887:
882:
873:
869:
867:
863:
855:
850:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
825:and includes
824:
820:
819:constellation
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
788:
781:
776:
767:
765:
761:
758:, and called
757:
753:
752:rogue planets
749:
745:
740:
731:
722:
718:
714:
709:
706:In 2005, the
704:
702:
698:
694:
691:In 1993, the
689:
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
641:used the new
640:
636:
632:
629:
620:
613:
609:
605:
602:
598:
596:
592:
588:
587:
582:
577:
575:
571:
565:
561:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
531:
528:
524:
523:
518:
514:
513:
508:
503:
501:
497:
496:Orion's Sword
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
470:
465:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
397:
395:
391:
387:
384:
383:runaway stars
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
336:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
207:
202:
198:
192:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
154:
150:
145:
142:
139:
137:
136:Constellation
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
89:
85:
79:
77:
73:
70:
66:
63:
59:
56:
53:
48:
43:
37:
32:
29:
25:
19:
8154:H II regions
8135:
5547:1500 to 1999
5546:
5482:
5314:
3433:
3120:
2997:
2984:
2972:. Retrieved
2967:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2933:
2924:
2919:", Space.com
2911:
2873:
2867:
2857:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2773:
2767:
2757:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2660:
2641:
2635:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2556:(513): 616.
2553:
2547:
2505:
2499:
2489:
2477:. Retrieved
2473:
2464:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2366:
2360:
2353:
2341:. Retrieved
2330:
2320:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2225:the original
2187:(254): 255.
2184:
2178:
2168:
2144:(169): 143.
2141:
2135:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2093:
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2068:
2058:
2049:
2039:
2020:
2014:
2002:. Retrieved
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:the original
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1934:the original
1920:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1882:
1876:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1827:
1821:
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
1788:
1784:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1734:. Retrieved
1730:the original
1723:
1713:
1693:
1686:
1659:
1653:
1643:
1616:
1610:
1600:
1567:
1561:
1548:
1535:. Retrieved
1525:
1491:
1479:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1416:
1406:December 13,
1404:. Retrieved
1400:
1391:
1348:
1342:
1313:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1284:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1175:
1165:Flame Nebula
1143:
1122:
1118:solar masses
1112:such as the
1104:
1080:
1076:
1039:
1011:stellar wind
1008:
995:
983:
949:
909:
902:
870:
859:
843:Flame Nebula
812:
793:
747:
741:
717:binary stars
713:brown dwarfs
707:
705:
690:
678:
667:
639:Henry Draper
635:spectroscopy
625:
612:Henry Draper
599:
594:
584:
578:
567:
563:
547:
532:
520:
510:
504:
473:
468:
426:
403:
359:open cluster
356:
341:
303:brown dwarfs
287:
282:
279:Great Nebula
278:
239:Orion's Belt
226:
222:
218:
215:Orion Nebula
214:
212:
187:Designations
22:Orion Nebula
18:
8159:NGC objects
8130:Outer space
5486:Gum catalog
3125:Brady Haran
2474:www.eso.org
1978:January 12,
1943:January 12,
1802:October 27,
1736:October 19,
1296:October 20,
1134:ultraviolet
1019:young stars
959:H II region
762:(short for
701:ultraviolet
394:Mu Columbae
375:early years
365:due to the
350:or a small
259:light-years
127:65×60
88:Declination
8199:3C objects
8143:Categories
3163:Astrophoto
3155:Hydrogen α
2686:: 97–106.
2479:January 5,
2431:1501.05300
2369:(6): 192.
2343:October 2,
2004:August 11,
1281:"NGC 7538"
1265:References
1200:Messier 78
1194:Messier 43
1167:(NGC 2024)
1129:Jeans mass
1125:supernovae
1083:supersonic
1049:Bow shocks
951:Stars form
841:, and the
674:Marseilles
414:wavelength
400:Coloration
390:53 Arietis
386:AE Aurigae
348:binoculars
219:Messier 42
204:See also:
193:1976, M42,
157:12 ly
81:05 35 17.3
65:Reflection
8106:Astronomy
8077:1001–2000
5483:See also:
2849:0004-637X
2800:122335780
2749:0004-637X
2700:0004-6361
2627:124923444
2602:0810.4375
2456:119309858
2424:(1): 60.
2401:119112861
2376:1209.3826
1454:0705.3792
1358:0902.3913
1221:Orion OB1
1177:Hubble 3D
1114:Milky Way
1093:Evolution
975:protostar
780:starchart
770:Structure
685:Trapezium
679:In 1931,
668:In 1902,
643:dry plate
453:quiescent
416:of 656.3
410:radiation
352:telescope
295:planetary
251:naked eye
235:Milky Way
197:Sharpless
195:LBN 974,
5470:Sh 2-313
5465:Sh 2-312
5460:Sh 2-311
5455:Sh 2-310
5450:Sh 2-309
5445:Sh 2-308
5440:Sh 2-307
5435:Sh 2-306
5430:Sh 2-305
5425:Sh 2-304
5420:Sh 2-303
5415:Sh 2-302
5410:Sh 2-301
5405:Sh 2-299
5400:Sh 2-298
5395:Sh 2-297
5390:Sh 2-296
5385:Sh 2-295
5380:Sh 2-294
5375:Sh 2-293
5370:Sh 2-292
5365:Sh 2-291
5360:Sh 2-290
5355:Sh 2-289
5350:Sh 2-288
5345:Sh 2-287
5340:Sh 2-286
5335:Sh 2-285
5330:Sh 2-284
5325:Sh 2-283
5320:Sh 2-282
5315:Sh 2-281
5310:Sh 2-280
5305:Sh 2-279
5300:Sh 2-278
5295:Sh 2-277
5290:Sh 2-276
5285:Sh 2-275
5280:Sh 2-274
5275:Sh 2-273
5270:Sh 2-272
5265:Sh 2-271
5260:Sh 2-270
5255:Sh 2-269
5250:Sh 2-268
5245:Sh 2-267
5240:Sh 2-266
5235:Sh 2-265
5230:Sh 2-264
5225:Sh 2-263
5220:Sh 2-262
5215:Sh 2-261
5210:Sh 2-260
5205:Sh 2-259
5200:Sh 2-258
5195:Sh 2-257
5190:Sh 2-256
5185:Sh 2-255
5180:Sh 2-254
5175:Sh 2-253
5170:Sh 2-252
5165:Sh 2-251
5160:Sh 2-250
5155:Sh 2-249
5150:Sh 2-248
5145:Sh 2-247
5140:Sh 2-246
5135:Sh 2-245
5130:Sh 2-244
5125:Sh 2-243
5120:Sh 2-242
5115:Sh 2-241
5110:Sh 2-240
5105:Sh 2-239
5100:Sh 2-238
5095:Sh 2-237
5090:Sh 2-236
5085:Sh 2-235
5080:Sh 2-234
5075:Sh 2-233
5070:Sh 2-232
5065:Sh 2-231
5060:Sh 2-230
5055:Sh 2-229
5050:Sh 2-228
5045:Sh 2-227
5040:Sh 2-226
5035:Sh 2-225
5030:Sh 2-224
5025:Sh 2-223
5020:Sh 2-222
5015:Sh 2-221
5010:Sh 2-220
5005:Sh 2-219
5000:Sh 2-218
4995:Sh 2-217
4990:Sh 2-216
4985:Sh 2-215
4980:Sh 2-214
4975:Sh 2-213
4970:Sh 2-212
4965:Sh 2-211
4960:Sh 2-210
4955:Sh 2-209
4950:Sh 2-208
4945:Sh 2-207
4940:Sh 2-206
4935:Sh 2-205
4930:Sh 2-204
4925:Sh 2-203
4920:Sh 2-202
4915:Sh 2-201
4910:Sh 2-199
4905:Sh 2-198
4900:Sh 2-197
4895:Sh 2-196
4890:Sh 2-195
4885:Sh 2-194
4880:Sh 2-193
4875:Sh 2-192
4870:Sh 2-191
4865:Sh 2-190
4860:Sh 2-189
4855:Sh 2-188
4850:Sh 2-187
4845:Sh 2-186
4840:Sh 2-185
4835:Sh 2-184
4830:Sh 2-183
4825:Sh 2-182
4820:Sh 2-181
4815:Sh 2-180
4810:Sh 2-179
4805:Sh 2-178
4800:Sh 2-177
4795:Sh 2-176
4790:Sh 2-175
4785:Sh 2-174
4780:Sh 2-173
4775:Sh 2-172
4770:Sh 2-171
4765:Sh 2-170
4760:Sh 2-169
4755:Sh 2-168
4750:Sh 2-167
4745:Sh 2-166
4740:Sh 2-165
4735:Sh 2-164
4730:Sh 2-163
4725:Sh 2-162
4720:Sh 2-161
4715:Sh 2-160
4710:Sh 2-159
4705:Sh 2-158
4700:Sh 2-157
4695:Sh 2-156
4690:Sh 2-155
4685:Sh 2-154
4680:Sh 2-153
4675:Sh 2-152
4670:Sh 2-151
4665:Sh 2-150
4660:Sh 2-149
4655:Sh 2-148
4650:Sh 2-147
4645:Sh 2-146
4640:Sh 2-145
4635:Sh 2-144
4630:Sh 2-143
4625:Sh 2-142
4620:Sh 2-141
4615:Sh 2-140
4610:Sh 2-139
4605:Sh 2-138
4600:Sh 2-137
4595:Sh 2-136
4590:Sh 2-135
4585:Sh 2-134
4580:Sh 2-133
4575:Sh 2-132
4570:Sh 2-131
4565:Sh 2-130
4560:Sh 2-129
4555:Sh 2-128
4550:Sh 2-127
4545:Sh 2-126
4540:Sh 2-125
4535:Sh 2-124
4530:Sh 2-123
4525:Sh 2-122
4520:Sh 2-121
4515:Sh 2-120
4510:Sh 2-119
4505:Sh 2-118
4500:Sh 2-117
4495:Sh 2-116
4490:Sh 2-115
4485:Sh 2-114
4480:Sh 2-113
4475:Sh 2-112
4470:Sh 2-111
4465:Sh 2-110
4460:Sh 2-109
4455:Sh 2-108
4450:Sh 2-107
4445:Sh 2-106
4440:Sh 2-105
4435:Sh 2-104
4430:Sh 2-103
4425:Sh 2-102
4420:Sh 2-101
4415:Sh 2-100
3847:Category
3797:See also
3058:NGC 1976
3045:Archived
2951:NBC News
2901:Archived
2776:: 1977.
2337:Archived
2304:16541067
2248:: 1404.
2115:March 4,
2075:March 4,
1764:June 27,
1592:43038127
1537:June 29,
1514:Archived
1401:SEDS.org
1383:11347166
1148:See also
1110:galaxies
987:infrared
955:hydrogen
945:universe
937:proplyds
886:proplyds
737:☉
729:☉
512:Almagest
505:Neither
441:electron
433:nebulium
367:asterism
227:NGC 1976
97:Distance
69:Emission
8092:Portals
4410:Sh 2-99
4405:Sh 2-98
4400:Sh 2-97
4395:Sh 2-96
4390:Sh 2-95
4385:Sh 2-94
4380:Sh 2-93
4375:Sh 2-92
4370:Sh 2-91
4365:Sh 2-90
4360:Sh 2-89
4355:Sh 2-88
4350:Sh 2-87
4345:Sh 2-86
4340:Sh 2-85
4335:Sh 2-84
4330:Sh 2-83
4325:Sh 2-82
4320:Sh 2-81
4315:Sh 2-80
4310:Sh 2-79
4305:Sh 2-78
4300:Sh 2-77
4295:Sh 2-76
4290:Sh 2-75
4285:Sh 2-74
4280:Sh 2-73
4275:Sh 2-72
4270:Sh 2-71
4265:Sh 2-70
4260:Sh 2-69
4255:Sh 2-68
4250:Sh 2-67
4245:Sh 2-66
4240:Sh 2-65
4235:Sh 2-64
4230:Sh 2-63
4225:Sh 2-62
4220:Sh 2-61
4215:Sh 2-60
4210:Sh 2-59
4205:Sh 2-58
4200:Sh 2-57
4195:Sh 2-56
4190:Sh 2-55
4185:Sh 2-54
4180:Sh 2-53
4175:Sh 2-52
4170:Sh 2-51
4165:Sh 2-50
4160:Sh 2-49
4155:Sh 2-48
4150:Sh 2-47
4145:Sh 2-46
4140:Sh 2-45
4135:Sh 2-44
4130:Sh 2-43
4125:Sh 2-42
4120:Sh 2-41
4115:Sh 2-40
4110:Sh 2-39
4105:Sh 2-38
4100:Sh 2-37
4095:Sh 2-36
4090:Sh 2-35
4085:Sh 2-34
4080:Sh 2-33
4075:Sh 2-32
4070:Sh 2-31
4065:Sh 2-30
4060:Sh 2-29
4055:Sh 2-28
4050:Sh 2-27
4045:Sh 2-26
4040:Sh 2-25
4035:Sh 2-24
4030:Sh 2-23
4025:Sh 2-22
4020:Sh 2-21
4015:Sh 2-20
4010:Sh 2-19
4005:Sh 2-18
4000:Sh 2-17
3995:Sh 2-16
3990:Sh 2-15
3985:Sh 2-14
3980:Sh 2-13
3975:Sh 2-12
3970:Sh 2-11
3965:Sh 2-10
3857:Commons
3167:Sky Map
3135:WikiSky
3024:at the
2974:June 1,
2878:Bibcode
2827:Bibcode
2825:: 696.
2778:Bibcode
2727:Bibcode
2725:: 516.
2688:Bibcode
2607:Bibcode
2558:Bibcode
2510:Bibcode
2436:Bibcode
2381:Bibcode
2312:4310407
2284:Bibcode
2250:Bibcode
2189:Bibcode
2146:Bibcode
1908:Bibcode
1851:Bibcode
1849:: 232.
1793:Bibcode
1791:: 246.
1664:Bibcode
1621:Bibcode
1619:: 625.
1572:Bibcode
1459:Bibcode
1363:Bibcode
914:at the
756:Jupiter
688:value.
554:Lucerne
527:Galileo
517:al Sufi
507:Ptolemy
492:Alnitak
459:History
422:O-class
247:nebulae
241:in the
229:) is a
129:arcmins
61:Subtype
44:in 2006
5491:Nebula
3960:Sh 2-9
3955:Sh 2-8
3950:Sh 2-7
3945:Sh 2-6
3940:Sh 2-5
3935:Sh 2-4
3930:Sh 2-3
3925:Sh 2-2
3920:Sh 2-1
3867:Portal
3743:Added
2847:
2798:
2747:
2698:
2648:
2625:
2454:
2399:
2310:
2302:
2275:Nature
2106:
2027:
1964:Venice
1906:: 71.
1885:: 101.
1701:
1655:Nature
1590:
1381:
1321:
1286:SIMBAD
829:, the
806:, and
760:JuMBOs
663:Ealing
476:Mayans
392:, and
371:seeing
153:Radius
8118:Stars
3159:X-Ray
3147:GALEX
2796:S2CID
2623:S2CID
2597:arXiv
2452:S2CID
2426:arXiv
2397:S2CID
2371:arXiv
2308:S2CID
2071:(PhD)
1968:Italy
1937:(PDF)
1930:(PDF)
1588:S2CID
1558:(PDF)
1449:arXiv
1379:S2CID
1353:arXiv
1228:Notes
1087:Pluto
854:VISTA
823:Orion
748:pairs
670:Vogel
558:comet
500:copal
488:Saiph
484:Rigel
412:at a
291:stars
271:Earth
225:, or
141:Orion
55:epoch
52:J2000
8054:1999
8049:1998
8044:1997
8039:1996
8034:1995
8029:1994
8024:1993
8019:1992
8014:1991
8009:1990
8004:1989
7999:1988
7994:1987
7989:1986
7984:1985
7979:1984
7974:1983
7969:1982
7964:1981
7959:1980
7954:1979
7949:1978
7944:1977
7939:1976
7934:1975
7929:1974
7924:1973
7919:1972
7914:1971
7909:1970
7904:1969
7899:1968
7894:1967
7889:1966
7884:1965
7879:1964
7874:1963
7869:1962
7864:1961
7859:1960
7854:1959
7849:1958
7844:1957
7839:1956
7834:1955
7829:1954
7824:1953
7819:1952
7814:1951
7809:1950
7804:1949
7799:1948
7794:1947
7789:1946
7784:1945
7779:1944
7774:1943
7769:1942
7764:1941
7759:1940
7754:1939
7749:1938
7744:1937
7739:1936
7734:1935
7729:1934
7724:1933
7719:1932
7714:1931
7709:1930
7704:1929
7699:1928
7694:1927
7689:1926
7684:1925
7679:1924
7674:1923
7669:1922
7664:1921
7659:1920
7654:1919
7649:1918
7644:1917
7639:1916
7634:1915
7629:1914
7624:1913
7619:1912
7614:1911
7609:1910
7604:1909
7599:1908
7594:1907
7589:1906
7584:1905
7579:1904
7574:1903
7569:1902
7564:1901
7559:1900
7554:1899
7549:1898
7544:1897
7539:1896
7534:1895
7529:1894
7524:1893
7519:1892
7514:1891
7509:1890
7504:1889
7499:1888
7494:1887
7489:1886
7484:1885
7479:1884
7474:1883
7469:1882
7464:1881
7459:1880
7454:1879
7449:1878
7444:1877
7439:1876
7434:1875
7429:1874
7424:1873
7419:1872
7414:1871
7409:1870
7404:1869
7399:1868
7394:1867
7389:1866
7384:1865
7379:1864
7374:1863
7369:1862
7364:1861
7359:1860
7354:1859
7349:1858
7344:1857
7339:1856
7334:1855
7329:1854
7324:1853
7319:1852
7314:1851
7309:1850
7304:1849
7299:1848
7294:1847
7289:1846
7284:1845
7279:1844
7274:1843
7269:1842
7264:1841
7259:1840
7254:1839
7249:1838
7244:1837
7239:1836
7234:1835
7229:1834
7224:1833
7219:1832
7214:1831
7209:1830
7204:1829
7199:1828
7194:1827
7189:1826
7184:1825
7179:1824
7174:1823
7169:1822
7164:1821
7159:1820
7154:1819
7149:1818
7144:1817
7139:1816
7134:1815
7129:1814
7124:1813
7119:1812
7114:1811
7109:1810
7104:1809
7099:1808
7094:1807
7089:1806
7084:1805
7079:1804
7074:1803
7069:1802
7064:1801
7059:1800
7054:1799
7049:1798
7044:1797
7039:1796
7034:1795
7029:1794
7024:1793
7019:1792
7014:1791
7009:1790
7004:1789
6999:1788
6994:1787
6989:1786
6984:1785
6979:1784
6974:1783
6969:1782
6964:1781
6959:1780
6954:1779
6949:1778
6944:1777
6939:1776
6934:1775
6929:1774
6924:1773
6919:1772
6914:1771
6909:1770
6904:1769
6899:1768
6894:1767
6889:1766
6884:1765
6879:1764
6874:1763
6869:1762
6864:1761
6859:1760
6854:1759
6849:1758
6844:1757
6839:1756
6834:1755
6829:1754
6824:1753
6819:1752
6814:1751
6809:1750
6804:1749
6799:1748
6794:1747
6789:1746
6784:1745
6779:1744
6774:1743
6769:1742
6764:1741
6759:1740
6754:1739
6749:1738
6744:1737
6739:1736
6734:1735
6729:1734
6724:1733
6719:1732
6714:1731
6709:1730
6704:1729
6699:1728
6694:1727
6689:1726
6684:1725
6679:1724
6674:1723
6669:1722
6664:1721
6659:1720
6654:1719
6649:1718
6644:1717
6639:1716
6634:1715
6629:1714
6624:1713
6619:1712
6614:1711
6609:1710
6604:1709
6599:1708
6594:1707
6589:1706
6584:1705
6579:1704
6574:1703
6569:1702
6564:1701
6559:1700
6554:1699
6549:1698
6544:1697
6539:1696
6534:1695
6529:1694
6524:1693
6519:1692
6514:1691
6509:1690
6504:1689
6499:1688
6494:1687
6489:1686
6484:1685
6479:1684
6474:1683
6469:1682
6464:1681
6459:1680
6454:1679
6449:1678
6444:1677
6439:1676
6434:1675
6429:1674
6424:1673
6419:1672
6414:1671
6409:1670
6404:1669
6399:1668
6394:1667
6389:1666
6384:1665
6379:1664
6374:1663
6369:1662
6364:1661
6359:1660
6354:1659
6349:1658
6344:1657
6339:1656
6334:1655
6329:1654
6324:1653
6319:1652
6314:1651
6309:1650
6304:1649
6299:1648
6294:1647
6289:1646
6284:1645
6279:1644
6274:1643
6269:1642
6264:1641
6259:1640
6254:1639
6249:1638
6244:1637
6239:1636
6234:1635
6229:1634
6224:1633
6219:1632
6214:1631
6209:1630
6204:1629
6199:1628
6194:1627
6189:1626
6184:1625
6179:1624
6174:1623
6169:1622
6164:1621
6159:1620
6154:1619
6149:1618
6144:1617
6139:1616
6134:1615
6129:1614
6124:1613
6119:1612
6114:1611
6109:1610
6104:1609
6099:1608
6094:1607
6089:1606
6084:1605
6079:1604
6074:1603
6069:1602
6064:1601
6059:1600
6054:1599
6049:1598
6044:1597
6039:1596
6034:1595
6029:1594
6024:1593
6019:1592
6014:1591
6009:1590
6004:1589
5999:1588
5994:1587
5989:1586
5984:1585
5979:1584
5974:1583
5969:1582
5964:1581
5959:1580
5954:1579
5949:1578
5944:1577
5939:1576
5934:1575
5929:1574
5924:1573
5919:1572
5914:1571
5909:1570
5904:1569
5899:1568
5894:1567
5889:1566
5884:1565
5879:1564
5874:1563
5869:1562
5864:1561
5859:1560
5854:1559
5849:1558
5844:1557
5839:1556
5834:1555
5829:1554
5824:1553
5819:1552
5814:1551
5809:1550
5804:1549
5799:1548
5794:1547
5789:1546
5784:1545
5779:1544
5774:1543
5769:1542
5764:1541
5759:1540
5754:1539
5749:1538
5744:1537
5739:1536
5734:1535
5729:1534
5724:1533
5719:1532
5714:1531
5709:1530
5704:1529
5699:1528
5694:1527
5689:1526
5684:1525
5679:1524
5674:1523
5669:1522
5664:1521
5659:1520
5654:1519
5649:1518
5644:1517
5639:1516
5634:1515
5629:1514
5624:1513
5619:1512
5614:1511
5609:1510
5604:1509
5599:1508
5594:1507
5589:1506
5584:1505
5579:1504
5574:1503
5569:1502
5564:1501
5559:1500
3777:M110
3772:M109
3767:M108
3762:M107
3757:M106
3752:M105
3747:M104
3739:M103
3734:M102
3729:M101
3724:M100
3221:List
3151:IRAS
3143:SDSS
3139:DSS2
2976:2010
2845:ISSN
2745:ISSN
2696:ISSN
2666:M-42
2646:ISBN
2481:2017
2345:2023
2300:PMID
2117:2016
2104:ISBN
2077:2016
2025:ISBN
2006:2015
1999:SEDS
1980:2023
1945:2023
1804:2006
1766:2012
1738:2006
1699:ISBN
1539:2013
1408:2009
1319:ISBN
1298:2006
1017:and
862:H II
515:nor
486:and
301:and
293:and
213:The
168:-4.1
3719:M99
3714:M98
3709:M97
3704:M96
3699:M95
3694:M94
3689:M93
3684:M92
3679:M91
3674:M90
3669:M89
3664:M88
3659:M87
3654:M86
3649:M85
3644:M84
3639:M83
3634:M82
3629:M81
3624:M80
3619:M79
3614:M78
3609:M77
3604:M76
3599:M75
3594:M74
3589:M73
3584:M72
3579:M71
3574:M70
3569:M69
3564:M68
3559:M67
3554:M66
3549:M65
3544:M64
3539:M63
3534:M62
3529:M61
3524:M60
3519:M59
3514:M58
3509:M57
3504:M56
3499:M55
3494:M54
3489:M53
3484:M52
3479:M51
3474:M50
3469:M49
3464:M48
3459:M47
3454:M46
3449:M45
3444:M44
3439:M43
3434:M42
3429:M41
3424:M40
3419:M39
3414:M38
3409:M37
3404:M36
3399:M35
3394:M34
3389:M33
3384:M32
3379:M31
3374:M30
3369:M29
3364:M28
3359:M27
3354:M26
3349:M25
3344:M24
3339:M23
3334:M22
3329:M21
3324:M20
3319:M19
3314:M18
3309:M17
3304:M16
3299:M15
3294:M14
3289:M13
3284:M12
3279:M11
3274:M10
2886:doi
2874:637
2835:doi
2823:410
2786:doi
2774:111
2735:doi
2723:321
2615:doi
2593:137
2566:doi
2518:doi
2506:113
2444:doi
2422:802
2389:doi
2367:144
2292:doi
2280:440
2197:doi
2154:doi
2100:122
1828:114
1672:doi
1660:120
1629:doi
1617:119
1580:doi
1568:492
1467:doi
1371:doi
1349:700
1023:Sun
965:to
839:M78
835:M43
821:of
766:).
750:of
552:of
519:'s
509:'s
478:of
275:Sun
269:to
223:M42
199:281
191:NGC
165:(V)
119:4.0
116:(V)
8145::
3269:M9
3264:M8
3259:M7
3254:M6
3249:M5
3244:M4
3239:M3
3234:M2
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