54:
907:
were, in fact, responsible for incriminating him as well as many of the detainees, as well as clarifying many of the organization's actions. At the hearings, in addition to confessing almost the entirety of the facts, Otelo was unable to provide the least plausible explanation for the crimes he was accused of and it turned out that they were not only false accusations that supported the accusation, but a source of evidence, in which his manuscript stands out, where everything is reported with acronyms and names, which he was unveiled during the hearings.
418:
141:
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870:(GNR) soldier was killed during a bank robbery. Over 7 years, they were responsible for 19 deaths, including a four-month-old baby, a General Director of Prison Service, a dissident/repentant terrorist, several GNR soldiers and five terrorists killed during robberies or clashes with security forces. FP-25's last action resulted in the death of a Judiciary Police officer, in August 1987. The violence was partially stopped in June 1984, with a secret police operation under a code name
729:(FUP). He continued to base his campaign upon building socialism in Portugal. Once again, Otelo received support and advice from Portuguese musician José Afonso throughout the campaign. This time, Otelo did not fare nearly as well as he had done four years beforehand. He finished a poor third, with 85,896 votes (1.4%). After the election, Otelo confessed that he voted for his rival Eanes in the election, "to avoid the victory of the right-wing candidate Soares Carneiro".
1000:
899:
individual to be slaughtered. So, he knew perfectly well, he and the others in the military political leadership knew perfectly well who did what, so it can be said that they were moral authors. Those handwritten notebooks by Otelo are part of the case file and were reproduced in several books alluding to the process. Otelo himself acknowledges having been present with a hood at the
Conclave meeting, held in Serra da Estrela. According to him, in an interview with
122:
791:...had as purposes, among others, to create conditions that would allow its members, in the long term and through the armed insurrection, to seize the State and install popular power through the institutionalization of what they called direct and basist democracy and subvert the functioning of the institutions of the State enshrined in the Constitution, as this is one of the adequate conditions for the aforementioned armed insurrection...
981:“...all those defendants, and other unidentified individuals, at the end of 1979, beginning of 1980, were grouped together, of their own free will and perfectly conscious, with the shared intention of all to carry out a plan, which was engendered by some and then accepted by the others, all acting in concert to implement this plan, in an articulated and structured way, and continued over time, through insertion in their own structures”.
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939:, approved an amnesty “for politically motivated offenses committed between 27 July 1976 and 21 June 1991”, including the offenses committed by the FP 25 de Abril, but also the right wing organisations such as MDLP. This followed an earlier amnesty that covered offences until 1976 and the pardon in 1991 to the right-wing MDLP operational Ramiro Moreira that had been sentenced to 20 years.
1822:"discurso pronunciado por el comandante en jefe fidel castro ruz, primer secretario del comite central del partido comunista de cuba y primer ministro del gobierno revolucionario, en el acto central en conmemoracion del xxii aniversario del ataque al cuartel moncada, efectuado en la ciudad de santa clara, las villas, el 26 de julio de 1975, "año del primer congreso""
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793:" It brought together the most radical sectors of the revolutionary far left, which were opposed to the establishment of a party-based parliamentary representative system, the restoration of the capitalist economic and social system. This was a superstructure without legal existence and consisted of several components:
986:“... the defendant Otelo, had top seat within Projecto Global /FP-25 highest decision-making committee. This body was the military political direction (called DPM) responsible for strategic direction and coordination between the political party (FUP), the military organization (PF-25) and all other components....”
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Usually, Otelo recorded in his personal notebook everything that was said at the meetings of
Political-Military Board Projecto Global (FP-25) identifying all the people present by abbreviations and very enlightening and detailing everything that had been said by each of the authors. Otelo's notebooks
818:
The Global
Project (Projecto Global) coordinated the clandestine and subversive component of the terrorist group FP-25, using armed violence as a political weapon, and the political party FUP, which gave it political and legal coverage. The distinction between the FUP and the FP-25 was similar to the
672:
leaders, a party that shared some of its headquarters, allowing Otelo, who despite his military condition was entitled to be considered a permanent guest, to be present at the meetings, although without any voting rights. Less than two months after the aforementioned OUT congress, PRP-BR main leaders
990:
Even with the possibility of appealing to the
Supreme Court of Justice, the Public Prosecutor's Office allowed the appeal period to pass when it had committed to the repentant ones to fight until the last instance for their exemptions from punishment. This led the Attorney General's Office to launch
653:
From the success from the presidential election, the
Unitary Organization of Workers (OUT) emerged in April 1978, having Otelo as one of its first supporters and promoter's. Because OUT did not identify itself with the new parliamentary democratic regime, which emerged on 25 November 1975, it didn't
915:
In
October 1985, Otelo was tried and convicted in court for his role in leading the FP 25 de Abril and sentenced to 15 years in prison. The sentence would be confirmed by the Court of Appeal, which increased the sentence to 18 years and later the Supreme Court of Justice would fix it at 17 years in
846:
Global
Project's first step was the creation of a political party – FUP/Força de Unidade Popular (Popular Unity Force) on 28 March 1980, two months after Otelo's defeats in the 1980 presidential elections and less than one month before the first attacks by FP-25. FUP, despite inheriting part of the
599:
In an interview he gave and in response to whether COPCON was concerned about the advance of counter-revolutionary forces, which were assaulting, destroying, burning down the headquarters of left-wing parties, the
Communist Party, the MDP, and other left-wing parties, Otelo says a phrase that would
587:
Costa Gomes, aligned with the communist party Otelo's success led to his being named the commander of the newly created
Continente Operational Command (Comando Operacional do Continente - COPCON) for Lisbon Region. Created in July 1974 by President António Spínola to enforce the MFA program, COPCON
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against the political radicalization that was being lived to. On 28 September, He tried to convene a large popular demonstration in Lisbon that aimed to thwart the movement and show to the loss of influence of moderate forces. After the failure of his movement, Spinola resigned, and Costa Gomes was
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However, the various crimes committed and spread across the various districts are unified in a single process. There are more than 150 cases, two of which 10 completed homicides and 7 attempted, to be judged. It is from here that process 396/91 is created, which will bring together the judgment of
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He would appeal the sentence to the
Constitutional Court, which would rule the sentence unconstitutional twice and leave the process at a legal impasse. As the period of preventive detention had expired, since the sentence had not yet become final, following European pressure he was released on 17
898:
On Conclave, a discussion was held regarding future strategy, one of its most important documents was the nº 16. It's a guideline for violence defining who and how should be carried out the robberies and homicides, Otelo has written with his hand that he was content to know what the profile of the
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and the defendants opted for silence. Even so, evidence was produced in relation to the crime of terrorist association, which was not being tried and which had already been amnestied. “The judgment detailed the crimes of blood, also listing all the names of the organization's members and leaders,
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For the approval of the amnesty, the parliament justified that “the legal complexity has made extremely difficult its legal solution. (…) with developments that do not presume the possibility of a just solution in reasonable time.” Relevant to note that amnesty is not equivalent to pardon, as it
886:
police operation, various incriminating documents were seized at FUP headquarters, as well as at Otelo ’s residence. Among the seized documents were the two notebooks handwritten by Otelo, one green and one red, with several detailed reports of operations and meetings, namely the famous Conclave
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imprisonment and the consequent power vacuum on PRP-BR leadership, a rupture was generated between them, who advocated this was not the time to develop OUT project and the other militants, led by Pedro Goulart, who defended greater violence, namely assassinations, in an attempt to radicalize the
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At the head of COPCON, Otelo begins to make controversial decisions. Among these controversial measures are the blank arrest warrants, without the intervention of the judiciary, which Otelo signed and which were later executed by his subordinates, often during the night without the victims even
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This was a troubled period, with major social and political upheavals, clashes between the military and the emergence of various extreme leftist movements. Otelo told in an interview that, at that time, various social problems began to appear at COPCON, with workers seeing their bosses flee and
971:“The court proves everything in the steps that are taken for this or that murderer, even how decisions are made by the terrorist organization, the same is no longer true when it comes to identifying who pulls the trigger, who sets the bomb, who kills, who tries”
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blood crimes, which took place later and had the sentence handed down on April 6, 2001, and confirmed by the Lisbon Court of Appeal in June 2003. By the time of the trial, almost 20 years had passed since some crimes, the repentant were in
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Meanwhile, Otelo was penalized by the Superior Council of Discipline of the Army with the consequent passage to the situation of compulsory reserve, for having an active participation in politics, incompatible with his military status.
1033:
and had to request international financial assistance, Otelo stated that he wouldn't have started the revolution if he had known what the country would become after it. He also stated that the country would need a man as honest as
863:, mentioning serious deviations from the 1976 Constitution, namely the abandonment of socialism, the abandonment of the land ownership nationalization (“Reforma Agrária”) and the loss of the people's decision-making process.
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anniversary, FP-25 de Abril initiate its activity with dozens of bomb attacks across the country, against government, police or military buildings. Joined with the initial announcement was a document named
660:«people's power will only be possible (...) through the recourse (...) to armed revolutionary violence» and it can only be a reality. ...if the workers are armed, constituting a (...) people's army"
515:, was thwarted by the timely intervention of COPCON in March 1975. Otelo became part of the Council of the Revolution which was created on 14 March 1975. In May 1975 he was temporarily promoted to
646:
Still in the second half of the 70s, Otelo actively participated in the creation of the GDUP (Grupos Dinamizadores de Unidade Popular) popular action groups, similar to what Otelo had seen in
848:
669:
289:
To solve the impasse, the Portuguese Parliament voted an amnesty for political crimes in 1996 as there was no perspective of juridical solution. The amnesty was promoted by President
643:, a popular Portuguese revolutionary songwriter. Otelo finished second in the election, with 792,760 votes (16.46%) and António Ramalho Eanes was elected president with 61.59%.
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Otelo retired from military service and public life in 1989. Following his retirement, Otelo remained a political activist and was featured in multiple documentaries about the
2474:
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for activists of the left in Portugal, but is hated by many right-wingers who consider him a terrorist who tried to seize power in the country in order to become Portugal's
615:, and COPCON. The coup, orchestrated by Otelo, failed to take control of the Portuguese government. Because of this failure, Otelo was imprisoned, COPCON was disbanded, and
497:, blocked access to Lisbon the previous morning, with barricades at various points. The atmosphere was close to civil war and at the end of the day Otelo, then commander of
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2213:
1962:
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Military headquarters, led by Otelo and aimed recruiting military personnel for the project, standing in the background and would support the insurrection, when asked for.
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as a gesture of democratic reconciliation as it erased the political crimes by far left and far right. He was further trialled for the assassinations, but was acquitted.
650:. GDUP grew throughout the country, fueled by Otelo's run for Presidency of the Republic. They majority of members were in favor of armed struggle as a political weapon.
789:
After the defeat in the presidential elections, Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, together with Pedro Goulart and Mouta Liz, created the Global Project (Projeto Global). It, "
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Contribuiçāo para uma alternativa popular à crise da economia em Portugal: texto de apoio da candidatura à Presidência da República de Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho
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At his funeral, thousands of person went to show appreciation for Otelo. Also the major institutions in Portugal were represented. This includes the president
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brought together soldiers from the various branches of the armed forces and was composed of two divisions: one for Information and the other for operations.
348:, he completed his secondary education at a state school in Lourenço Marques. His father was a civil servant and his mother a railway clerk. He entered the
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OSCAR, which was none than Otelo himself and which sought to capitalize on his high awareness, seeking to attract elements of civil society to the project;
1646:"Portugal: a Twentieth-Century Interpretation." Portugal: a Twentieth-Century Interpretation, by Tom Gallagher, Manchester University Press, 1983, p. 200.
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In 1976, Otelo unsuccessfully stood as a candidate for president against Eanes. Throughout his campaign, Otelo campaigned on a platform promoting
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becoming unemployed, for example. Then they began to receive rural workers who were unhappy with the agrarian reform. All sorts of problems came.
2002:
1090:. The parliament approved a motion that highlighted is role as a “liberator of Portugal” referring to his role as operational mastermind of the
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constitute itself as a political party. Instead, it was only a political association. Among the approved motions, in the first OUT congress, in
3330:
3320:
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976:“They belonged to the same terrorist organization, called «Forças Populares 25 de Abril – FP25»:”... Otelo Nuno Romão Saraiva de Carvalho...”
3375:
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474:, the tension In between communist and noncommunist forces started to increase as MFA was deeply turning left as a consequence of
286:, which killed 19 people in several terrorist attacks. The Constitutional Court reverted the sentence due to unconstitutionality.
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1049:. On 10 July 2021, Otelo was hospitalized again, at Army Hospital, in Lisbon. Otelo died fifteen days later on 25 July, aged 84.
1026:
2217:
1966:
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with her and his wife Maria Dina Afonso Alambre, spending Monday to Thursday with Filomena and from Friday to Sunday with Dina.
882:
On 20 June 1984, Otelo was arrested under the charge of being a Forças Populares 25 de Abril founding member and leader. During
602:“Look, we are, in fact, very worried. This is growing very fast, and I hope we don't have to put the counter-revolutionaries in
991:
an inquiry to determine responsibilities. A prosecutor was held responsible for having been responsible for this prescription.
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On 25 November 1975, an extreme left-wing coup was attempted. Those who took part in the attempt were members of the MFA, the
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2253:
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577:. In response, Otelo assured Castro that the Portuguese government would have no objection to the involvement of Cuba there.
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552:. Between them their control of the situation was so complete that in all practical respects the country was in their hands”
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decreed "victory over reaction" and the country would live another troubled reddish year. In a memo to American President
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467:
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1451:"Obituary - Otelo de Carvalho, a force behind the 1974 coup in Portugal who later became a terrorist leader – obituary"
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meeting in Serra da Estrela. Cândida Almeida, prosecutor in the trial recalls one of the most famous meetings, held in
1515:
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Political graffiti in support of Otelo's 1980 presidential campaign. The text reads "FUP Otelo - Popular Unity - 1980"
548:“perhaps the most important lesson from the Portuguese weekend's events is the close coordination between MFA and the
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2746:
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1427:
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631:, national independence, and popular power. Otelo's support came from the Portuguese working class, specifically in
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851:, the party from which most of the operatives came, never came to run for any legislative or municipal elections.
725:. He was nominated for the presidential race by the far-left political party which he was one of the founders of,
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1734:
903:, it would have been a requirement of the ECA (Armed Civilian Structure), known as Forças Populares 25 de Abril.
874:, which resulted in the arrest of most of its leaders and operatives. They would be later tried in October 1986.
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805:
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283:
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After the Revolution, Otelo assumed leadership roles in the first Portuguese Provisional Governments, alongside
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1987:"Scenes from the Class Struggle in Portugal = Cenas Da Luta De Classes Em Portugal." New York Cinema Co., 1976.
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470:. In 1975, infighting in the MFA intensified with Otelo representing the left-wing of the movement. After the
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celebrations with Castro. During this trip, Castro informed Otelo of his intention to send Cuban troops to
36:
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931:, tried to pursue a political solution. The parliament of left wing majority, supported by the socialist
753:
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936:
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549:
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3029:"Especial: Otelo. Velório do estratega do 25 de abril marcado por exigência popular de luto nacional»"
1329:
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2399:"Seis interrogatórios e um encontro secreto. O frente a frente que durou meses entre Otelo e um juiz"
2123:"Seis interrogatórios e um encontro secreto. O frente a frente que durou meses entre Otelo e um juiz"
3108:
3080:
2475:"Otelo liderava associação terrorista. "Provas eram inequívocas", diz Cândida Almeida - Renascença"
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rose to power. As punishment for participation in the coup, Otelo was imprisoned for three months.
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On 5 November 1960, he married Maria Dina Afonso Alambre with whom he had two daughters and a son.
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1844:"Acordos de Alvor Cubanos em Angola Rosa Coutinho Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho Almerindo Jaka Jamba"
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Presos por um Fio, Portugal e as FP-25 de Abril, de Nuno Gonçalo Poças, Casa das Letras, 4-2021,
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Armed Civilian Structure (Estrutura Civil Armada/ECA), which corresponded to the terrorist group
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1947:
Portugal: the Revolution in the Labyrinth: from the Papers of the Russell Committee for Portugal
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20:
1870:"De comandante da revolução a terrorista amnistiado. A vida do mais polémico militar de Abril"
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440:
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321:
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where everyone was hooded, Otelo had the number seven. Today it would be possible to do the
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584:” due to the number of clashes and force measurement between communist and non communists.
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2985:"Eanes condecorou Otelo há 38 anos mas a Ordem da Liberdade só lhe chegou depois da morte"
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8:
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Mass Political Organization: legal component constituted by a legal political party, the
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Vilela, António José (2005). "Evolução Política - o caso da Força de Unidade Popular".
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from 1932 to 1968. At the funeral, Otelo was seen weeping over the casket of Salazar.
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247:; 31 August 1936 – 25 July 2021) was a Portuguese military officer who was the chief
2876:"Morreu Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, o capitão de abril com o "coração junto da boca""
2444:(in Portuguese). Cruz Quebrada: Casa das Letras/Editorial Notícias. pp. 39–42.
664:"Only with violence (...) is it possible for the people to conquer political power."
444:
417:
2624:"Porquê tão lentos? Três casos especiais de morosidade na administração da justiça"
2163:"Reconstituição da carreira de militar nos termos da Lei n.º 43/99, de 11 de Junho"
1432:"Caso FP-25 de Abril": Alegações do Ministério Público, Ministério da Justiça, 1987
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Viver e morrer em nome das FP-25, de António José Vilela, Casa das Letras, 6-2004,
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820:
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2003:"José Afonso. Foi Otelo quem escolheu o músico para "cantar" senha do 25 de Abril"
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282:. Otelo was tried and sentenced for being a leading member of the terrorist group
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543:
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1758:"Para a História: Os EUA na luta para impedir o controlo comunista de Portugal"
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applies to whom has not been convicted, forgetting eventual committed crimes.
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1046:
2298:"À lei da bala. Os 25 anos sobre a amnistia às Forças Populares-25 de Abril"
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May 1989, after five years in prison awaiting trial. He was also demoted to
3162:"Contribuicao para uma alternativa popular a crise da economia in Portugal"
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928:
562:
824:
1682:"Do 25 de Abril de 74 ao 11 de Março de 75 | Memórias da Revolução | RTP"
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278:, in which he placed second with the base of his support coming from the
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and placed in command of the special military Command for the Continent
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Thousands paid respect at his funeral in 2021, including the president
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2583:"FP-25 de Abril. O processo judicial que foi desaparecendo aos poucos"
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when the country was nearing the end of the center-left government of
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The period In between 11 March and 25 November was later called the “
466:, which was set up to secure order in the country and to promote the
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256:
3255:(in Portuguese). Cruz Quebrada: Casa das Letras/Editorial Notícias.
1516:"Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, 84, Dies; Key Figure in Portugal Revolt"
503:"The Armed Forces Movement is in complete control of the situation."
636:
308:. The parliament highlighted is role as a “liberator of Portugal”.
127:
2837:<<Otelo: precisamos de um homem honesto como Salazar>>
1922:"13th Period - Third Republic of Portugal (20th and 21st Century)"
150:
2100:(in Portuguese). Cruz Quebrada: Casa das Letras. pp. 33–47.
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of the hood, but Otelo also never denied that he had been there.
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2535:"A Grande Reportagem" weekly magazine, 21 de Março de 1985, p30
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2320:"FP-25 de Abril. As bombas, as balas e os "inimigos a abater""
3067:"Voto de pesar pelo falecimento de Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho"
2365:(in Portuguese). Alfragide: Casa das Letras. pp. 53–71.
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In 2006, Otelo was voted the 68th greatest Portuguese in the
910:
832:
808:(FP-25), responsible for the assaults, bombings, and murders.
658:, the defense of violence as a political weapon stands out:
639:. A notable supporter and organizer of Otelo's campaign was
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and the extreme left forces were becoming more intervening.
391:, in charge of civilian affairs and the propaganda campaign
2030:
Poças, Nuno Gonçalo (2021). "As organizações precedentes".
647:
574:
558:
333:
2036:(in Portuguese). Lisbon: Casa das Letras. pp. 44–52.
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with a delegation of Portuguese military officers to meet
2818:«Se soubesse como o País ia ficar, não fazia a revolução»
1896:"Oxalá que nós não tenhamos de meter no Campo Pequeno..."
1637:
Moura, Paulo. Otelo: o Revolucionário. Dom Quixote, 2012.
1542:"HERO OF PORTUGAL REVOLUTION FACES TERRORISM TRIAL TODAY"
892:
493:
However, MFA soldiers and left-wing parties, led by the
3064:
2192:"ACÓRDÃO N.º 231/04 - Constitutional Court of Portugal"
2622:
Observatório Permanente da Justiça Portuguesa (1998).
2526:"Diário de Notícias"newspaper, 21 de Junho de 1984, p4
2082:"Caso FP-25 de Abril": Alegações do Ministério Público
340:) ancestry. Named by his theatre-minded parents after
16:
Portuguese military officer, politician, and terrorist
2898:"Morreu o capitão de Abril Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho"
2713:
Presos por um fio : Portugal e as FP-25 de Abril
2362:
Presos por um fio : Portugal e as FP-25 de Abril
2245:
Presos por um fio : Portugal e as FP-25 de Abril
2085:(in Portuguese). Lisbon: Ministério da Justiça. 1987.
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Presos por um fio : Portugal e as FP-25 de Abril
1573:
1491:
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Portuguese overseas territories in Africa during the
2359:
Poças, Nuno Gonçalo (2021). "7 anos de terrorismo".
2121:
Pereirinha, Sónia Simões, Tânia (28 December 2021).
1708:"O fracasso da manifestação da "maioria silenciosa""
2957:
2710:Poças, Nuno Gonçalo (2021). "Os Crimes de Sangue".
697:armed struggle. That later was materialized in the
681:were arrested. During the same police operation, a
2499:Jornal "O Expresso", 27 de Maio de 1989, p9R a 12R
941:pt:Movimento Democrático de Libertação de Portugal
877:
2683:"FP-25 foram "choque grande e um prejuízo total""
1045:In March 2020, he was hospitalized in Lisbon for
435:were by far the two largest of those territories.
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668:Most OUT structure and leadership was filled by
412:
2216:. Comissão Nacional de Eleições. Archived from
1965:. Comissão Nacional de Eleições. Archived from
1733:Kaplan, Jim; Zeitlin, Jon (17 September 1975).
363:A street mural of Otelo, Lisbon, Portugal 1975.
1474:"Amnistia às infracções de motivação política"
1224:
1102:
1068:In 1983, he was decorated by President Eanes.
1011:, Otelo met Maria Filomena Morais and began a
854:As so, on 20 April 1980, five days before the
623:1976 presidential campaign and following years
2716:(in Portuguese). Alfragide: Casa das Letras.
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708:
2949:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2607:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2423:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2344:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2276:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2147:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
847:physical and human structures of the former
733:FUP/FP 25 de abril: imprisonment and release
270:, and as the head of military defense force
2517:"O Semanário" newspaper, June 22, 1985, p15
1714:(in European Portuguese). 29 September 2020
949:Outside were the so-called "blood crimes".
784:
2662:
2472:
2295:
2120:
1755:
1539:
1007:While imprisoned for his involvement with
911:Judgment and amnesty on political offences
52:
1867:
1086:and the then president of the parliament
772:Learn how and when to remove this message
485:tried to actively intervene appealing to
2771:(in European Portuguese). 1 October 2003
2765:"Ministério Público errou no caso FP-25"
2676:
2674:
2241:
1957:
1955:
1657:"Biografia de Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho"
1038:to deal with the crisis, but from a non-
998:
712:
600:also become famous for its controversy:
416:
358:
3045:
2744:
2508:O Semanário newspaper, November 1, 1985
2025:
2023:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1901:(in European Portuguese). 10 April 2016
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
994:
953:Judgement and acquittal on blood crimes
455:, in which he played a directing role.
401:In 1970, Otelo attended the funeral of
3298:
3288:Centre for Documentation of 25 April:
3248:
2967:O 'mistério' do 25 de Novembro de 1975
2580:
2437:
2396:
2317:
2095:
1868:Henriques, João Pedro (25 July 2021).
1610:
1513:
1471:
1370:Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
1369:
1352:
1341:
1218:Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
1217:
1200:
1189:
721:In 1980, Otelo was a candidate in the
596:knowing why they were being detained.
316:Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho was born in
3331:People convicted on terrorism charges
2982:
2923:Tavares, João Francisco Gomes, Rita.
2745:Almeida, Cândida (12 December 2021).
2709:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2680:
2671:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2543:
2541:
2392:
2390:
2358:
2313:
2311:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2237:
2235:
2206:
2186:
2184:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2029:
1952:
1231:1980 Portuguese presidential election
1109:1976 Portuguese presidential election
967:including Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho:
242:
3321:Candidates for President of Portugal
2878:(in Portuguese). DN.PT. 25 July 2021
2549:"Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho obituary"
2020:
1990:
1782:
1624:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1097:
736:
387:in 1970 as a captain, under General
383:from 1965 to 1967. He was posted to
304:and the president of the parliament
230:Otelo Nuno Romão Saraiva de Carvalho
3376:Portuguese political party founders
3366:Prisoners and detainees of Portugal
2922:
1919:
1595:
1540:Schumacher, Edward (22 July 1985).
481:On his attempt to revert President
13:
3326:People of the Carnation Revolution
3137:"Cinco meses que mudaram Portugal"
2925:"Morreu Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho"
2854:"Morreu Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho"
2696:
2665:"Amnesty to political infractions"
2567:
2538:
2387:
2308:
2284:
2232:
2181:
2058:
1819:
1756:Santa Rita, João (26 April 2021).
699:Projecto Global/FUP/FP-25 de Abril
565:. Otelo participated in the Cuban
554:Kissinger wrote to the President.
356:in 1955, at the age of nineteen.
274:. In 1976, Otelo ran in the first
244:[ɔˈtɛlusɐˈɾajvɐðɨkɐɾˈvaʎu]
14:
3387:
3346:Portuguese people of Goan descent
3281:
2643:
2581:Pereirinha, Sónia Simões, Tânia.
2397:Pereirinha, Sónia Simões, Tânia.
2318:Pereirinha, Sónia Simões, Tânia.
1514:Minder, Raphael (6 August 2021).
1480:
1003:Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho in 2014
723:Portuguese presidential elections
195:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
58:Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho in 1976
3252:Viver e morrer em nome das FP-25
3065:Assembleia da República (2021).
2441:Viver e morrer em nome das FP-25
2098:Viver e Morrer em Nome das FP-25
1785:"Portugal: The Cuban Connection"
1395:Otelo: o povo é quem mais ordena
741:
276:Portuguese presidential election
149:
139:
120:
3242:
3220:
3198:
3176:
3154:
3129:
3101:
3073:
3058:
3039:
3021:
2995:
2976:
2916:
2890:
2868:
2846:
2827:
2808:
2791:"Otelo e as suas duas mulheres"
2783:
2757:
2738:
2656:
2637:
2615:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2466:
2431:
2352:
2155:
2114:
2089:
1981:
1949:. Spokesman Books, 1976. pg. 43
1939:
1913:
1888:
1861:
1836:
1813:
1776:
1749:
1726:
1700:
1674:
1649:
1640:
1576:"Símbolo mítico do 25 de Abril"
1494:"Símbolo mítico do 25 de Abril"
1376:
878:Arrest and preventive detention
861:"Manifesto ao Povo Trabalhador"
458:In July 1974, Otelo was made a
2646:"Otelo é pior do que Spínola?"
2242:Gonçalo., Poças, Nuno (2021).
2194:(in Portuguese). 30 April 2004
1604:
1589:
1574:Noronha do Nascimento (2021).
1567:
1533:
1507:
1492:Noronha do Nascimento (2021).
1465:
1443:
367:Otelo spent many years in the
1:
3249:Vilela, António José (2005).
3116:Comissão Nacional de Eleições
3088:Comissão Nacional de Eleições
2904:(in Portuguese). 25 July 2021
2747:"O caso das FP25 (conclusão)"
2438:Vilela, António José (2005).
1735:"The Real Threat in Portugal"
1436:
439:Otelo joined the underground
413:Carnation Revolution and PREC
332:) on 31 August 1936, of Luso-
311:
2473:Renascença (24 April 2021).
1383:Cinco meses mudaram Portugal
1246:
1124:
1052:
806:Forças Populares 25 de Abril
557:In July 1975, Otelo visited
284:Forças Populares 25 de Abril
7:
3184:"O povo é quem mais ordena"
2856:(in Portuguese). Observador
1792:Central Intelligence Agency
1225:Presidential election, 1980
1103:Presidential election, 1976
1027:Portuguese financial crisis
403:António de Oliveira Salazar
190:Angolan War of Independence
10:
3392:
3351:Portuguese revolutionaries
2969:, José Manuel Barroso, in
1737:. Harvard. Harvard Crimson
1453:. Telegraph. 4 August 2021
1328:
1313:
1298:
1283:
1268:
1253:
1228:
1176:
1161:
1146:
1131:
1106:
709:1980 presidential campaign
407:Prime Minister of Portugal
18:
3290:Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho
2753:(in European Portuguese).
2304:(in European Portuguese).
1285:Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho
1240:
1148:Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho
1118:
868:National Republican Guard
799:Popular Unity Force (FUP)
613:Portuguese Army Commandos
606:before they put us there”
240:Portuguese pronunciation:
216:
205:
180:
170:
162:
133:
115:
98:
71:
63:
51:
32:Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho
30:
3341:Portuguese anti-fascists
2931:(in European Portuguese)
2589:(in European Portuguese)
2481:(in European Portuguese)
2405:(in European Portuguese)
2326:(in European Portuguese)
2296:Castelo-Branco, Manuel.
2129:(in European Portuguese)
1876:(in European Portuguese)
1688:(in European Portuguese)
1236:Ballot: 7 December 1980
1163:José Pinheiro de Azevedo
935:and the communist party
866:Just two weeks later, a
785:Accusations of terrorism
727:Força de Unidade Popular
521:Francisco da Costa Gomes
441:Movement of Armed Forces
268:Francisco da Costa Gomes
3048:"O luto vai por dentro"
2681:Otelo (20 April 2010).
1598:"O luto vai por dentro"
1330:António Aires Rodrigues
1270:António Soares Carneiro
1088:Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues
1080:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
375:from 1961 to 1963 as a
369:colonial wars in Africa
306:Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues
298:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
255:and who later became a
185:Portuguese Colonial War
3046:Ribeiro, Nuno (2021).
1342:Blank/Invalid ballots
1190:Blank/Invalid ballots
1073:Os Grandes Portugueses
1004:
718:
490:nominee for the role.
443:, which carried out a
436:
364:
3356:Portuguese socialists
3164:. Arnold Bergstaesser
3003:"Grandes Portugueses"
2983:Matos, Vítor (2021).
1686:Memórias da Revolução
1300:Carlos Galvão de Melo
1255:António Ramalho Eanes
1133:António Ramalho Eanes
1114:Ballot: 27 June 1976
1082:, the prime-minister
1002:
716:
617:António Ramalho Eanes
468:revolutionary process
420:
362:
322:Portuguese Mozambique
300:, the prime-minister
222:President of Portugal
163:Years of service
3109:"Resultados PR 1980"
3081:"Resultados PR 1976"
1315:António Pires Veloso
1092:Carnation revolution
1025:In 2011, during the
1020:Carnation Revolution
995:Later life and death
856:Carnation Revolution
472:Carnation Revolution
253:Carnation Revolution
200:Carnation Revolution
19:For other uses, see
3361:Portuguese soldiers
3228:"Alvorada em Abril"
3206:"Memorias de abril"
2663:Parliament (1996).
2248:. Casa das Letras.
2167:Diário da República
1945:Faye, Jean Pierre.
1237:
1115:
534:The prime Minister
519:and, together with
209:Grand Cross of the
3336:People from Maputo
2973:(21 November 2006)
2971:Diário de Notícias
2902:TSF Rádio Notícias
2841:Diário de Notícias
2650:Diário de Notícias
2169:. 22 December 2010
1920:Tannock, Michael.
1824:. Cuban Government
1801:on 23 January 2017
1546:The New York Times
1520:The New York Times
1235:
1113:
1057:Otelo is still an
1005:
922:lieutenant-colonel
901:Expresso newspaper
719:
685:agent was killed.
582:Hot Summer of 1975
513:António de Spínola
483:António de Spínola
437:
389:António de Spínola
365:
3371:Pardon recipients
2723:978-989-661-033-3
2372:978-989-661-033-3
2255:978-989-661-033-3
2043:978-989-66-1033-3
1969:on 5 October 2018
1407:Alvorada em abril
1401:Memorias de abril
1374:
1373:
1222:
1221:
1098:Electoral history
782:
781:
774:
487:«silent majority»
385:Portuguese Guinea
377:second lieutenant
373:Portuguese Angola
237:
227:
226:
3383:
3275:
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3071:
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3056:
3055:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3033:Correio da Manhã
3025:
3019:
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2999:
2993:
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2795:Correio de Manhã
2787:
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2755:
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2742:
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2594:
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2560:
2555:. 17 August 2021
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2479:Rádio Renascença
2470:
2464:
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2394:
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2293:
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2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2214:"CNE Resultados"
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2159:
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2087:
2086:
2077:
2056:
2055:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1999:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1963:"CNE Resultados"
1959:
1950:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1926:Portugal History
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1892:
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1865:
1859:
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1840:
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1833:
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1817:
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1808:
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1800:
1794:. Archived from
1789:
1783:Anderson, Jack.
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
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1747:
1746:
1744:
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889:Serra da Estrela
821:Northern Ireland
819:one existing in
777:
770:
766:
763:
745:
744:
737:
683:Judiciary Police
511:attempt, led by
393:Hearts and Minds
350:Military Academy
338:Portuguese India
318:Lourenço Marques
246:
241:
233:
211:Order of Liberty
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143:
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126:
124:
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105:
85:Lourenço Marques
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2964:(in Portuguese)
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2847:
2843:(21 April 2011)
2834:(in Portuguese)
2833:
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2828:
2824:(13 April 2011)
2815:(in Portuguese)
2814:
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2809:
2799:
2797:
2789:
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2774:
2772:
2769:www.cmjornal.pt
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1596:Ribeiro, Nuno.
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690:Isabel do Carmo
675:Isabel do Carmo
625:
550:Communist Party
544:Henry Kissinger
536:Vasco Gonçalves
531:(Directorate).
525:Vasco Gonçalves
476:communist party
415:
371:. He served in
314:
264:Vasco Gonçalves
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217:Other work
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1013:ménage à trois
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837:Herri Batasuna
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694:Carlos Antunes
679:Carlos Antunes
656:Marinha Grande
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220:Candidate for
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106:(aged 84)
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82:31 August 1936
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1614:Voto de pesar
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1583:O Referencial
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1501:O Referencial
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1047:heart failure
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1041:
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507:A right-wing
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501:, announced:
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453:25 April 1974
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3316:Arms traders
3289:
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2712:
2686:. Retrieved
2658:
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2591:. Retrieved
2586:
2557:. Retrieved
2553:the Guardian
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2407:. Retrieved
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2218:the original
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2126:
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2081:
2032:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1967:the original
1946:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1925:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1898:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1873:
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1851:. Retrieved
1847:
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1826:. Retrieved
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1796:the original
1791:
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1739:. Retrieved
1728:
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1711:
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1685:
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1664:. Retrieved
1661:RTP Archives
1660:
1651:
1642:
1613:
1611:Parliament.
1606:
1591:
1582:
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1545:
1535:
1523:. Retrieved
1519:
1509:
1500:
1472:Parliament.
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1445:
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1394:
1388:
1382:
1377:Publications
1363:
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1178:Octávio Pato
1147:
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1063:Fidel Castro
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989:
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929:Mario Soares
926:
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883:
881:
871:
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860:
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817:
790:
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762:October 2023
759:
754:copy editing
752:may require
751:
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563:Fidel Castro
556:
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546:states that
533:
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400:
397:
366:
315:
295:
291:Mário Soares
288:
261:
251:of the 1974
229:
228:
181:Battles/wars
104:(2021-07-25)
102:25 July 2021
25:
3311:2021 deaths
3306:1936 births
3230:. Goodreads
3208:. Goodreads
3186:. Goodreads
1718:24 February
1692:24 February
1457:10 December
641:Zeca Afonso
573:to support
540:Gerald Ford
445:coup d'état
424:Estado Novo
379:, and as a
342:Shakespeare
64:Nickname(s)
3300:Categories
3013:1 February
2929:Observador
2800:1 February
2775:1 February
2732:1256402822
2688:26 January
2593:31 January
2587:Observador
2559:4 February
2485:31 January
2409:31 January
2403:Observador
2381:1294405805
2330:31 January
2324:Observador
2302:Observador
2264:1256402822
2224:25 January
2198:1 February
2127:Observador
2052:1245348114
2012:1 February
2007:Observador
1973:25 January
1931:26 January
1899:NewsMuseum
1853:22 January
1828:22 January
1805:22 January
1741:25 January
1666:28 January
1600:. Público.
1559:3 February
1437:References
1241:Candidate
1119:Candidate
964:Mozambique
567:26 of July
529:Directório
433:Mozambique
330:Mozambique
312:Early life
249:strategist
116:Allegiance
111:, Portugal
89:Mozambique
78:1936-08-31
3271:350197130
3141:Goodreads
2822:Destak.pt
2751:www.jn.pt
2631:Relatório
2460:350197130
2272:cite book
1874:www.dn.pt
1712:www.dn.pt
1554:0362-4331
1359:5,840,332
1274:2,325,481
1259:3,262,520
1207:4,881,125
1137:2,967,137
1053:Influence
825:Sinn Féin
629:socialism
460:brigadier
259:leader.
257:terrorist
166:1955–1984
3121:6 August
3093:6 August
2989:Expresso
2945:cite web
2603:cite web
2419:cite web
2340:cite web
2173:19 March
2143:cite web
2133:19 March
1905:18 March
1880:18 March
1768:18 March
1525:14 April
916:prison.
835:between
827:and the
823:between
637:Alentejo
427:regime:
280:far-left
134:Service/
128:Portugal
93:Portugal
3234:25 July
3212:25 July
3190:25 July
3168:25 July
3146:25 July
3052:Público
3035:. 2021.
2935:25 July
2908:25 July
2882:25 July
2860:25 July
1848:YouTube
1354:Turnout
1202:Turnout
1182:365,586
1167:692,147
1152:792,760
1040:fascist
1036:Salazar
884:"Orion"
872:"Orion"
633:Setúbal
517:General
381:captain
346:Othello
175:Colonel
3269:
3259:
3009:. 2006
2839:, in
2730:
2720:
2458:
2448:
2379:
2369:
2262:
2252:
2104:
2050:
2040:
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1552:
1503:: 109.
1426:
1416:
1409:(1984)
1403:(1978)
1397:(1977)
1391:(1976)
1385:(1975)
1345:60,090
1334:12,745
1319:45,132
1304:48,468
1289:85,896
1244:Votes
1193:63,495
1122:Votes
960:Brazil
849:PRP/BR
831:or in
670:PRP-BR
662:, and
571:Angola
509:putsch
499:COPCON
464:COPCON
449:Lisbon
429:Angola
405:, the
354:Lisbon
326:Maputo
272:COPCON
206:Awards
155:COPCON
136:branch
125:
109:Lisbon
3112:(PDF)
3084:(PDF)
2627:(PDF)
1799:(PDF)
1788:(PDF)
1618:(PDF)
1579:(PDF)
1497:(PDF)
1364:84.39
1277:40.2
1262:56.4
1212:75.47
1170:14.4
1155:16.5
1140:61.6
1009:FP-25
833:Spain
688:With
324:(now
67:Otelo
21:Otelo
3267:OCLC
3257:ISBN
3236:2021
3214:2021
3192:2021
3170:2021
3148:2021
3123:2024
3095:2024
3015:2018
2951:link
2937:2021
2910:2021
2884:2021
2862:2021
2802:2018
2777:2022
2728:OCLC
2718:ISBN
2690:2018
2609:link
2595:2022
2561:2022
2487:2022
2456:OCLC
2446:ISBN
2425:link
2411:2022
2377:OCLC
2367:ISBN
2346:link
2332:2022
2278:link
2260:OCLC
2250:ISBN
2226:2018
2200:2018
2175:2022
2149:link
2135:2022
2102:ISBN
2048:OCLC
2038:ISBN
2014:2018
1975:2018
1933:2018
1907:2022
1882:2022
1855:2018
1830:2018
1807:2018
1770:2022
1743:2018
1720:2022
1694:2022
1668:2018
1561:2022
1550:ISSN
1527:2022
1459:2023
1424:ISBN
1414:ISBN
1337:0.2
1322:0.8
1307:0.8
1292:1.5
1185:7.6
1059:icon
839:and
692:and
677:and
648:Cuba
635:and
575:MPLA
559:Cuba
523:and
431:and
334:Goan
266:and
171:Rank
99:Died
72:Born
45:MPCE
37:MSMM
3007:RTP
1762:VOA
962:or
937:PCP
893:DNA
841:ETA
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495:PCP
451:on
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