3944:
4484:
1499:
The following examples – (9), (10), and (11) – demonstrate each of the prepositional phrases in which locatives can occur. In (10), the first clause shows how the locative can be embedded in a peripheral adjunct, whilst the second clause illustrates its occurrence in prepositional predicates.
232:
are expressions that provide orientation to the hearer relative to the extralinguistic context of the utterance. The context may include features of the speech situation such as: who is speaking; the time and place of discourse; gestures of the speaker; and the location of the discourse.
3086:-verbal-possessum construction elicits emphatic meaning and tone. The difference to (19) being that in (20), the verbal quality of the possessum constituent is being superimposed upon another verb element, rather than to a pronominal possessor, to encode emphasis or assertion.
732:
By drawing the hearer’s attention to specific objects or individuals in the discourse or surrounding context, the speaker is able to use demonstratives to provide spatial orientation whether the referent is perceived as being spatially close to the speaker, or further away.
300:
As (1) illustrates, demonstratives and locatives function primarily to provide spatial orientation. However, there are a number of other functions that these classes of words serve. The following table outlines the different domains of use of demonstratives and locatives.
2754:
In this instance, the possessive marker is an approximate substitute for the
English equivalent marker 'for ___'. This demonstrates that the construction doesn't have to describe a realised possession; the mere fact that the possessor is the intended beneficiary of
3372:
The table below shows the 18 consonant phonemes of Papuan Malay. The voiceless stops are usually unreleased at the end of a syllable. The phoneme /r/ has three allophones: a voiced alveolar trill, a voiceless alveolar trill, and a voiced alveolar tap.
1335:
In context, the distances signalled by these terms are variable considering such distances are relative to the speaker. The use of these spatial deictics are also dependent on the speaker’s perception of how near or far a referent is.
1045:
Spatial locatives have the role of designating the location of an object or individual in terms of its relative position to the speaker, and they focus the attention of the hearer to the specified location.
242:
Both of these systems are distance-oriented. This means that the relative distance of the speaker in time and place ultimately defines the reference point to which the deictic expression refers.
747:
In terms of their domains of use, the short forms share all the same domains of use as the long forms except for identificational and placeholder uses where the short forms are not employed.
2406:
A final canonical possibility is the total omission of the possessive marker (indicated with a ø symbol), but this is generally restricted to inalienable possession of body parts and
2502:
Other, less typical/more complex 'non-canonical' combinations are also possible, where the possessor and/or possessum can consist of verbs, quantifiers and prepositional phrases.
4833:
2631:
In Papuan Malay, it can be seen from (16) that being in or at a location is expressed as being 'of' (in a possessive sense) the location itself (the syntactic possessor).
9290:
6447:
1901:, share the same form as the reconstructed forms in PWMP, there are notable differences in terms of spatial reference when comparing cognates in other WMP languages.
4757:
4764:
903:
Locatives are a class of words that signal distance, both spatial and non-spatial, and consequently provide orientation for the hearer in a speech situation.
9261:
4847:
5438:
5092:
4938:
4736:
4952:
4701:
4580:
4556:
3089:
A final possibility in Papuan Malay possessive constructions is elision of the possessum, in situations where it can be easily established from context;
6433:
6426:
4999:
4966:
4945:
4892:
4630:
2393:
This is most common when the possessor is a singular personal pronoun (two instances of which are found in (14)), and provides an explanation for why '
9192:
6440:
5106:
5071:
4826:
4805:
9328:
4860:
4819:
4731:
4635:
4610:
4472:
445:
In Papuan Malay’s two-term demonstrative system, one is used to indicate proximity of the referent to the speaker and the other is used distally.
2634:
The possessive marker can also direct attention to an action or object's beneficiary, where the benefiting party occupies the possessor position;
2189:
In the canonical form, similar to (12), a lexical noun, personal pronoun or demonstrative pronoun form the POSSESSOR and POSSESSUM noun phrases.
9217:
6272:
5456:
5004:
4994:
4989:
4979:
4777:
3082:
As indicated by the insertion of adverbials in the
English translation otherwise syntactically absent in Papuan Malay (20), the verbal-possessor-
4974:
4855:
4772:
4741:
4711:
239:
and locatives are types of deictic expressions. In Papuan Malay there exists a two-term demonstrative system and a three-term locative system.
6748:
4917:
1842:
As with the demonstratives, the locative forms in Papuan Malay are present in some other languages in the
Austronesian language family tree.
3982:
9228:
4959:
4912:
4645:
2763:
as possessed by the possessor, regardless of whether the possessum has actually been received, experienced or even seen by the possessor.
2241:*words in brackets indicate the understood referent of a personal pronoun or demonstrative, established from the context of the utterance
750:
The following examples, (4) and (5), show how demonstratives may be used as placeholders. In these cases, only the long form may be used.
179:) for trading and daily communication. Nowadays, it has a growing number of native speakers. More recently, the vernacular of Indonesian
3171:
form is almost exclusively used when a possessum is omitted, possibly as a means of more markedly sign-posting the possessum's elision.
9656:
1864:
and has retained the semantic function of indicating closeness. A number of other WMP languages also share the form and meaning of
245:
For example, the speaker in (1) is in conversation about people living in a house and the speaker uses the proximal demonstrative
4450:
2766:
Where the possessum slot is filled by a quantifier, the possessive construction elicits an intensified or exaggerated reading;
5956:
4361:
1924:
is used distally rather than proximally or medially. The WMP language that is most similar to Papuan Malay in this regard is
744:
The short forms are largely a result of fast-speech phenomena and they serve the same syntactic function as the long forms.
1067:, the distance signalled is somewhat mid-range. That is, the referent is further away from the speaker than the referent of
4465:
1088:
is used to indicate the close location of an entity to the speaker, while (7) highlights the semantic distinctions between
3167:
Unlike the general freedom of possessive marker form for both canonical and non-canonical constructions (11-20), the long
1496:. These prepositional phrases can be peripheral adjuncts, prepositional predicates, or adnominal prepositional phrases.
7571:
4501:
3665:
3645:
2256:, an alteration which appears to be independent of the syntactic or semantic properties of the possessor and possessum.
195:
6126:
3995:
9154:
3508:
1339:
The following example, (8), demonstrates how the use of these spatial deictics are dependent on perception, using
9661:
8384:
4458:
1846:
1351:
to illustrate this. In (8), the speaker discusses the construction work that has reached the village of Warmer.
7780:
7687:
3826:
3746:
3890:
In the closed syllable , the phoneme /i/ is realized as . In the open syllable , the phoneme is realized as .
8843:
7853:
7737:
5214:
3532:
6833:
6650:
6108:
3755:
3596:
2865:
quantifiers, and numerals in the same possessum slot yield an ungrammatical result. As such, substituting
1473:'Yes, (they) started working towards the Warmer bridge ... when (they'll work the stretch of street) from
8470:
7225:
6878:
3838:
3802:
3723:
3607:
442:
Demonstratives are determiners that indicate the spatial, temporal or discourse location of a referent.
156:
590:
The following examples show how Papuan Malay’s two demonstratives signal either proximity or distance.
191:. It is spoken in Indonesian New Guinea alongside 274 other languages and functions as a lingua franca.
8764:
8741:
7927:
7674:
7049:
5995:
5705:
5700:
3850:
3771:
3674:
3437:
3430:
2507:
locational (16), beneficiary (17), quantity-intensifying (18), verb-intensifying (19) and emphatic (20)
2093:-POSSESSUM, where the 'possessum' is the 'thing' being possessed by the possessor - the unit preceding
3981:
Allen, Robert B.; Hayami-Allen, Rika (2002). "Orientation in the Spice
Islands". In Macken, M. (ed.).
1484:
9008:
8191:
7488:
7385:
7202:
7077:
6843:
6798:
6524:
6504:
6390:
5808:
5798:
5635:
5565:
5507:
5179:
4542:
1925:
1871:
3943:
9612:
8571:
7619:
7330:
7230:
6357:
5924:
5557:
3814:
3732:
9666:
9284:
8978:
8642:
7891:
7828:
7659:
6400:
6385:
6086:
6026:
5964:
5836:
5620:
4009:
3471:
3464:
3446:
4480:
1918:
both indicate closeness rather than medial distance. On the other hand, for the Malay language,
9552:
8792:
8703:
8680:
8078:
7977:
7692:
7127:
6968:
6723:
5710:
5595:
5580:
5479:
4488:
2003:, Papuan Malay shares the same form and meaning with a number of other WMP languages including
448:
The demonstratives in Papuan Malay also have long and short forms, as illustrated in Table 2.
9087:
8276:
8015:
7990:
7962:
7011:
6730:
6600:
5884:
5763:
5695:
3659:
3637:
3623:
3557:
3550:
1493:
172:
152:
77:
2021:
but is used to indicate proximity to the hearer rather than just distance from the speaker.
906:
Papuan Malay’s three-term locative system consists of the locatives as outlined in Table 4.
9333:
9222:
8650:
8103:
8058:
7697:
7561:
7305:
7235:
6996:
6605:
6565:
6099:
6063:
6048:
5874:
5866:
5851:
5758:
5685:
5680:
5640:
5590:
5486:
5364:
4813:
4587:
3904:
3564:
3480:
372:
to signal the speakers' psychological involvement with the situation or event talked about
202:
8:
9451:
9433:
9236:
8417:
8256:
7798:
7365:
7245:
7057:
6908:
6709:
6519:
6212:
6184:
6053:
6008:
5904:
5841:
5793:
5514:
5500:
5493:
5284:
5229:
5085:
4521:
4428:
4409:
4390:
4371:
3581:
3490:
184:
3990:. Tempe, AZ: Program for Southeast Asian Studies, Arizona State University. p. 21.
9461:
9377:
9301:
9108:
9016:
8945:
8833:
8589:
8546:
8511:
8359:
8344:
8088:
7818:
7803:
7501:
7403:
7335:
7142:
7039:
6813:
6668:
6640:
6575:
6222:
6202:
6169:
6164:
6154:
6149:
6079:
6058:
6033:
5929:
5909:
5645:
5625:
5289:
5249:
5154:
5149:
5113:
5078:
5041:
5014:
4878:
4751:
4678:
4650:
4605:
3571:
3394:
2004:
140:
72:
45:
123:
9585:
9577:
9538:
9494:
9474:
9322:
8960:
8937:
8909:
8823:
8815:
8432:
8392:
8349:
8334:
8261:
8251:
8236:
8231:
7843:
7788:
7712:
7629:
7413:
7375:
7360:
7350:
7250:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7062:
6958:
6953:
6933:
6858:
6783:
6716:
6695:
6688:
6630:
6620:
6560:
6555:
6509:
6488:
6471:
6342:
6332:
6134:
6013:
5946:
5894:
5889:
5831:
5773:
5753:
5733:
5728:
5690:
5665:
5630:
5615:
5585:
5542:
5532:
5432:
5374:
5324:
5279:
5254:
5244:
5209:
5189:
5184:
5159:
5131:
5059:
4871:
4840:
4792:
4721:
4716:
4620:
4574:
4550:
4357:
4001:
3991:
3521:
3457:
3409:
3399:
188:
5899:
426:
to substitute for specific lexical items in the context of word-formulation trouble
9571:
9532:
9489:
9469:
9446:
9418:
9354:
9296:
9102:
9072:
9052:
9037:
8917:
8891:
8871:
8828:
8721:
8614:
8599:
8594:
8584:
8561:
8488:
8374:
8369:
8339:
8289:
8196:
8181:
8171:
8156:
8131:
8111:
8068:
8063:
8043:
7876:
7833:
7793:
7745:
7722:
7682:
7664:
7654:
7551:
7536:
7476:
7428:
7340:
7310:
7265:
7210:
7172:
7157:
7122:
7112:
7092:
7026:
7001:
6976:
6938:
6873:
6863:
6823:
6681:
6674:
6658:
6615:
6595:
6590:
6580:
6545:
6483:
6395:
6380:
6375:
6297:
6292:
6235:
6197:
6192:
6139:
6003:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5934:
5919:
5788:
5720:
5675:
5610:
5575:
5522:
5446:
5424:
5404:
5379:
5314:
5274:
5269:
5259:
5239:
5204:
5164:
5034:
5027:
5009:
4885:
4782:
4726:
4696:
4671:
4564:
4529:
4347:
4326:
3615:
3389:
3384:
206:
148:
9590:
9545:
9509:
9499:
9423:
9392:
9202:
9182:
9145:
9141:
9097:
9082:
9067:
8988:
8950:
8927:
8861:
8856:
8805:
8800:
8777:
8754:
8670:
8655:
8609:
8551:
8541:
8516:
8455:
8427:
8407:
8402:
8354:
8304:
8294:
8221:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8186:
8176:
8166:
8141:
8116:
8093:
8083:
8053:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8005:
7947:
7866:
7838:
7823:
7808:
7760:
7750:
7727:
7717:
7707:
7644:
7634:
7609:
7589:
7556:
7546:
7541:
7531:
7516:
7511:
7496:
7443:
7438:
7423:
7398:
7370:
7320:
7315:
7295:
7260:
7255:
7240:
7215:
7192:
7167:
7152:
7147:
7137:
7107:
7034:
6928:
6918:
6888:
6883:
6853:
6838:
6828:
6808:
6803:
6773:
6702:
6663:
6635:
6625:
6570:
6550:
6529:
6499:
6494:
6477:
6466:
6420:
6370:
6337:
6327:
6245:
6240:
6230:
6207:
6174:
6116:
6072:
6019:
5879:
5846:
5816:
5670:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5570:
5547:
5466:
5389:
5384:
5369:
5349:
5339:
5334:
5319:
5234:
5194:
4927:
4798:
4595:
3544:
3404:
2265:
is possible, but only if the possessor noun phrase ends in a vowel, shown below;
2012:
1915:
1911:
1875:
176:
64:
7097:
2011:. It cannot be assumed, however, that this is the case for all WMP languages as
9637:
9604:
9504:
9441:
9367:
9307:
9212:
9187:
9177:
9167:
9077:
9062:
9047:
8993:
8881:
8866:
8782:
8772:
8749:
8726:
8711:
8693:
8665:
8660:
8624:
8604:
8556:
8536:
8526:
8493:
8483:
8478:
8447:
8437:
8422:
8412:
8397:
8364:
8299:
8284:
8266:
8246:
8216:
8151:
8146:
8126:
8121:
7995:
7952:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7919:
7909:
7899:
7881:
7871:
7861:
7770:
7765:
7702:
7649:
7639:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7584:
7453:
7448:
7433:
7345:
7325:
7290:
7275:
7270:
7220:
7162:
7082:
7017:
6991:
6903:
6868:
6848:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6585:
6415:
6405:
6365:
6307:
6302:
6159:
6040:
5974:
5969:
5939:
5914:
5856:
5826:
5783:
5768:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5600:
5409:
5359:
5344:
5329:
5309:
5264:
5224:
5219:
5199:
5174:
5169:
5139:
5020:
4984:
4922:
4899:
4615:
3984:
Papers from the Tenth Annual
Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society
3899:
3416:
2008:
1883:
1879:
210:
164:
9650:
9514:
9484:
9479:
9398:
9382:
9317:
9092:
9042:
9021:
8983:
8970:
8955:
8899:
8876:
8851:
8731:
8716:
8688:
8632:
8579:
8531:
8521:
8460:
8329:
8324:
8314:
8309:
8241:
8226:
8161:
8136:
8073:
8048:
8023:
8000:
7985:
7967:
7957:
7813:
7624:
7614:
7579:
7526:
7521:
7418:
7408:
7393:
7300:
7285:
7280:
7132:
7102:
7087:
7072:
7067:
6986:
6948:
6923:
6913:
6898:
6818:
6793:
6788:
6738:
6610:
6540:
6534:
6514:
6460:
6455:
6410:
6347:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6284:
6144:
5821:
5778:
5605:
5537:
5527:
5472:
5414:
5399:
5354:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5144:
5121:
5099:
5049:
4907:
4865:
4787:
4746:
4706:
4665:
4660:
4655:
3931:
3705:
3587:
3497:
3423:
2967:
Here, the verbal sense of the possessum is owned by the possessor. i.e., the
251:
to illustrate that the person they are talking to 'lives here' in the house.
236:
160:
4005:
9405:
9312:
9207:
9197:
9057:
8998:
8922:
8503:
8319:
7904:
7755:
7506:
7355:
7117:
6981:
6943:
6893:
5394:
4640:
4600:
4341:
4352:
107:
9524:
9413:
9247:
9172:
6778:
4691:
4686:
4625:
4569:
3909:
3717:
3700:
2399:
is observed in (11), rather than the reduced theoretical possibility of '
168:
358:
to indicate the temporal setting of the situation or event talked about
9617:
9387:
9372:
9255:
9162:
4932:
4346:. Studies in Diversity Linguistics 11. Berlin: Language Science Press.
4302:
3936:
3763:
3710:
2990:
Along similar lines to (19), a verbal possessum can also be taken by a
2387:'I said 'ugh!, (that's) my older sister', she said, 'your older sister?
209:
loanwords in its lexicon. Others have proposed that it is derived from
144:
4331:
9362:
3740:
593:
The example above, (1), and the following example (2) illustrate how
116:
100:
35:
2873:(two) in (18) would not be expected to be present in language data.
4212:
386:
to aid in the identification of definite or identifiable referents
4224:
1055:
indicates a referent’s closeness to the deictic centre and distal
201:
Some linguists have suggested that Papuan Malay has its roots in
180:
4039:
4037:
1928:
where both the form and designated spatial distance are shared.
305:
TABLE 1 - Demonstratives and locatives and their domains of use
6271:
605:
is used to indicate distance between the referent and speaker.
229:
4034:
1609:
Locatives in peripheral adjuncts and prepositional predicates
741:
In (2) and (3), the short demonstrative form has been used.
1845:
For each of the locatives, the forms can be traced back to
1442:
1020:
The functions and uses of locatives include the following:
194:
Papuan Malay belongs to the
Malayic sub-branch within the
2089:
Possession is encoded by the general structure POSSESSOR-
1837:
1061:
indicates distance from this reference point. For medial
599:
is used to indicate spatial closeness, and (3) shows how
57:
unknown; 500,000 combined L1 and L2 speakers (2007)
4500:
4427:
4325:(PhD). LOT Dissertation Series 361. Leiden University.
4218:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4173:
4171:
4134:
4132:
4095:
4093:
4078:
1492:
Syntactically, locatives in Papuan Malay only occur in
1464:
yo. mulay menuju jembatang Warmer ...kalo dari situ ke
4408:
4268:
4266:
4253:
4251:
4230:
4056:
4054:
4052:
1470:
yes start aim.at bridge Warmer if from L.MED TO L.DIST
1889:
Whilst the Papuan Malay medial and distal locatives,
736:
4195:
4183:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4129:
4117:
4105:
4090:
3358:
D:demonstrative L:locative PROX:proximal MED:medial
2178:
eventually, Hendro POSS ySb woman marry.unofficially
413:
to establish an overt link between two prepositions
4278:
4263:
4248:
4066:
4049:
2979:intensifies or exaggerates the quality of the verb
2250:possessive marker can also be reduced to the short
9153:
4301:
4043:
3962:
2073:that one, close to hearer; there, close to hearer
1824:person from L.DIST D.DIST 3PL D.DIST work be.alone
216:Four varieties of Papuan Malay can be identified.
198:(WMP) branch of the Austronesian language family.
3980:
3950:
3787:Below are the allophones of Papuan Malay vowels.
2612:Jayapura POSS two tens person REL pass(a.test) or
2409:kinship relations, the former seen in (4) below;
9648:
2735:3PL already buy 3SG POSS REDUP~equipment D.PROX
2348:
1616:
262:
3116:
3013:
2785:
2759:(the possessum) is sufficient in marking that
2673:
2384:1SG say ugh! 1SG=POSS oSb 3SG say 2SG=POSS oSb
2328:
2304:
2276:
1120:
829:
764:
686:
16:Vernacular Malay used in Indonesian New Guinea
4466:
1557:
1514:
1320:3PL also sit at L.DIST 1PL also sit at L.PROX
331:to provide spatial orientation to the hearer
3862:Vowels in closed syllables are centralized:
3692:There are 5 vowel phonemes in Papuan Malay.
2903:
2645:
1778:
1723:Locatives in adnominal prepositional phrases
1704:2SG come to L.PROX very.soon father to L.MED
1594:2PL come to L.PROX 2PL make be.confused just
1264:
1214:
1040:
6273:Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
3184:Ini tanah pemerintah punya, bukan ko punya!
3071:
2956:
2846:
2743:
2620:
2491:
345:to signal a figurative locational endpoint
4473:
4459:
2971:in (19) are the syntactic 'owners' of the
4351:
4330:
3128:
3035:
2923:
2813:
2685:
2532:
2352:
2308:
2211:
2128:
887:now 1SG D.DIST store one.hundred thousand
452:TABLE 2 - Demonstratives in Papuan Malay
3196:
399:to keep track of a discourse antecedent
9649:
2572:
2192:A further example is presented below;
1838:History of Papuan Malay locative forms
224:
9129:
7474:
6270:
4499:
4454:
4339:
4321:Kluge, Angela Johanna Helene (2014).
4320:
4284:
4272:
4257:
4242:
4206:
4189:
4177:
4162:
4150:
4138:
4123:
4111:
4099:
4084:
4072:
4060:
4028:
3968:
3956:
3100:
2710:
2697:
2221:
2097:). A typical example is shown below;
1788:
1764:
841:
782:
706:
634:
566:
539:
507:
480:
280:
7475:
4024:
4022:
3186:= It's governmental land, not yours!
2838:grandfather 3SG drink water POSS few
910:TABLE 4 - Locatives in Papuan Malay
806:'I remembered, what's-her-name, Ise'
9130:
4502:Western Malayo-Polynesian languages
4433:Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
4414:Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
4395:Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
4376:Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
3782:
13:
3925:
2483:oh.no! father {} mouth be.bad very
1601:, you're just stirring up trouble'
1483:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
737:Long and Short Demonstrative Forms
14:
9678:
4019:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3813:
3801:
3770:
3754:
3745:
3731:
3722:
3673:
3664:
3644:
3622:
3606:
3595:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3531:
3507:
3479:
3470:
3463:
3445:
3436:
3429:
2237:Fitri's (belongings,right.there)*
437:
143:spoken in the Indonesian part of
4482:
3942:
3377:Papuan Malay consonant phonemes
3343:Proto-Western-Malayo-Polynesian
3063:mother 3SG cook POSS be.pleasant
2994:expressing an emphatic reading;
2987:for its English representation.
2714:
2225:
2079:
1910:, the corresponding reflexes in
1748:
1684:
1648:
1644:
1547:
1543:
1507:Locatives in peripheral adjuncts
1454:
1428:
1304:
1300:
1250:
1185:1SG already put at bucket L.PROX
1170:
1166:
996:
964:
936:
932:
786:
638:
511:
484:
284:
205:, as evidenced by the number of
9657:Malay-based pidgins and creoles
4236:
2857:However, this is restricted to
1847:Proto-Western-Malayo-Polynesian
3974:
3104:
3076:the being tasty of the cooking
2505:Such constructions can denote
1833:, ... they work by themselves'
1792:
1768:
1752:
1688:
1458:
1432:
1254:
1000:
968:
894:one hundred thousand (rupiah)'
845:
710:
667:bring woman D.PROX to hospital
570:
543:
1:
4294:
3367:
2951:'oh no, the two of them were
2884:is also applicable to verbs;
2084:
1188:'I already put (the fish) in
757:Placeholder for a proper noun
4307:Glossary of Linguistic Terms
3362:
2948:oh.no! 3PL two POSS mendrita
1858:is reconstructed in PWMP as
898:
7:
3893:
3174:
2617:twelve people from Jayapura
2244:As shown in (13), the long
1821:...dorang itu kerja sendiri
141:Malay-based creole language
10:
9683:
3351:Western-Malayo-Polynesian
1073:but not as far as that of
1027:Figurative locational uses
892:what's-its-name, set aside
410:Textual discourse deictic
219:
9634:
9613:Indonesian Sign Languages
9603:
9564:
9523:
9460:
9432:
9353:
9346:
9278:Other creoles and pidgins
9277:
9140:
9136:
9125:
9030:
9007:
8969:
8936:
8908:
8890:
8842:
8814:
8791:
8763:
8740:
8702:
8679:
8641:
8623:
8570:
8502:
8469:
8446:
8383:
8275:
8102:
8014:
7976:
7918:
7890:
7852:
7779:
7736:
7673:
7570:
7487:
7483:
7470:
7384:
7201:
7048:
7025:
7010:
6967:
6747:
6649:
6356:
6283:
6279:
6266:
6221:
6183:
6125:
6107:
6098:
5955:
5865:
5807:
5719:
5556:
5455:
5423:
5130:
5058:
4541:
4512:
4508:
4495:
4343:A Grammar of Papuan Malay
4323:A Grammar of Papuan Malay
3762:
3739:
3716:
3697:
3687:
3658:
3636:
3614:
3580:
3543:
3489:
3415:
3381:
3068:really cooks very tastily
2625:Jayapura's twelve people'
1711:, then I ('father') (go)
1323:'They also sit (outside)
1041:Spatial Uses of Locatives
914:
196:Western-Malayo-Polynesian
114:
98:
93:
61:
51:
41:
31:
26:
21:
9291:Flores Creole Portuguese
3918:
3285:demonstrative, proximal
2259:A further reduction to =
2062:yonder, over there, yon
1327:, we also sit (outside)
9285:Bidau Creole Portuguese
2740:these utensils for him'
2183:Hendro's younger sister
803:1SG remember D.PROX Ise
670:'(I) brought (my) wife
183:has been influenced by
9662:Languages of Indonesia
9553:Modern Standard Arabic
4489:Languages of Indonesia
4340:Kluge, Angela (2017).
3275:demonstrative, distal
3190:Tong tra pernah bohong
2983:, hence translated as
2876:Intensification using
2509:possessive relations.
2025:TABLE 6 - Reflexes of
1932:TABLE 5 - Reflexes of
1852:The proximal locative
1591:, kam biking kaco saja
814:Placeholder for a verb
342:Figurative locational
8385:East Cenderawasih Bay
7688:Casuarina Coast Asmat
4353:10.5281/zenodo.376415
3197:List of abbreviations
2738:'they already bought
2051:that, there, thither
1494:prepositional phrases
1049:In general, proximal
153:Indonesian New Guinea
78:East Indonesian Malay
9223:North Moluccan Malay
6100:Philippine languages
4565:Anambas-Natuna Malay
3905:North Moluccan Malay
3265:3rd person singular
3243:2nd person singular
3221:1st person singular
2841:'grandfather drinks
1991:position over there
203:North Moluccan Malay
9347:Immigrant languages
9155:Malay-based creoles
6127:Gorontalo-Mongondow
3638:Lateral approximant
3378:
3325:locative, proximal
2030:
1937:
1314:tong juga duduk di
1310:dong juga duduk di
911:
453:
306:
230:Deictic expressions
225:Deictic Expressions
185:Standard Indonesian
9334:Pidgin Tukang Besi
6109:Central Philippine
5457:Northwest Sumatra–
4737:Kotawaringin Malay
4692:Jaring Halus Malay
4219:"PWMP *si-tu" 2020
4087:, p. 341-342.
3376:
3254:3rd person plural
3232:2nd person plural
3210:1st person plural
3156:D.DIST 3SG POSS {}
2829:tete de minum air
2158:marry.unofficially
2024:
1974:Kenyah (Long San)
1931:
1033:Psychological uses
909:
890:'Now I (already),
800:saya ingat ini Ise
451:
396:Textual anaphoric
304:
147:. It emerged as a
46:Western New Guinea
9644:
9643:
9638:extinct languages
9630:
9629:
9626:
9625:
9599:
9598:
9539:Indonesian Arabic
9342:
9341:
9273:
9272:
9121:
9120:
9117:
9116:
7928:Grand Valley Dani
7781:South Bird's Head
7572:Timor–Alor–Pantar
7466:
7465:
7462:
7461:
6262:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6254:
6253:
4702:Kapuas Hulu Malay
4513:Official language
4363:978-3-944675-86-2
4231:"PWMP *sana" 2020
4031:, pp. 11, 47
3940:(21st ed., 2018)
3888:
3887:
3860:
3859:
3780:
3779:
3685:
3684:
3590:
3524:
3500:
3460:
3426:
3355:
3354:
3332:
3322:
3315:locative, medial
3312:
3305:locative, distal
3302:
3292:
3282:
3272:
3262:
3251:
3240:
3229:
3218:
3207:
2992:verbal possessor,
2953:suffering so much
2843:very little water
2619:who graduated?' (
2488:father's language
2395:Hendro punya ...'
2234:Fitri POSS D.PROX
2077:
2076:
2029:in WMP languages
1995:
1994:
1963:Aborlan Tagbanwa
1936:in WMP languages
1113:
1018:
1017:
918:
588:
587:
460:
435:
434:
383:Idenitficational
323:
318:
130:
129:
9674:
9580:
9555:
9548:
9541:
9408:
9401:
9351:
9350:
9275:
9274:
9264:
9250:
9231:
9151:
9150:
9138:
9137:
9127:
9126:
8192:Kwerba Mamberamo
7854:East Bird's Head
7738:West Bird's Head
7485:
7484:
7477:Papuan languages
7472:
7471:
6733:
6726:
6719:
6712:
6705:
6698:
6691:
6684:
6677:
6525:Lisabata-Nuniali
6450:
6443:
6436:
6429:
6281:
6280:
6268:
6267:
6105:
6104:
6089:
6082:
6075:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6022:
5998:
5566:Aralle-Tabulahan
5517:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5441:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5023:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4808:
4801:
4767:
4760:
4681:
4674:
4590:
4583:
4559:
4532:
4524:
4510:
4509:
4497:
4496:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4452:
4451:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4367:
4355:
4336:
4334:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4261:
4255:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4047:
4041:
4032:
4026:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4008:. Archived from
3989:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3929:
3865:
3864:
3853:
3841:
3829:
3817:
3805:
3790:
3789:
3783:Vowel allophones
3774:
3758:
3749:
3735:
3726:
3695:
3694:
3677:
3668:
3648:
3626:
3610:
3599:
3586:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3535:
3520:
3511:
3496:
3483:
3474:
3467:
3456:
3449:
3440:
3433:
3422:
3379:
3375:
3330:
3320:
3310:
3300:
3290:
3280:
3270:
3260:
3249:
3238:
3227:
3216:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3163:(banana plants)'
3130:
3118:
3106:
3102:
3073:
3037:
3015:
2961:the suffering of
2958:
2925:
2905:
2848:
2815:
2787:
2745:
2716:
2712:
2699:
2687:
2675:
2647:
2622:
2574:
2534:
2493:
2354:
2350:
2330:
2310:
2306:
2278:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2185:would marry ...'
2130:
2031:
2023:
2015:shares the form
1938:
1930:
1926:Aborlan Tagbanwa
1872:Aborlan Tagbanwa
1794:
1790:
1780:
1770:
1766:
1754:
1750:
1690:
1686:
1650:
1646:
1618:
1559:
1549:
1545:
1516:
1488:
1460:
1456:
1444:
1434:
1430:
1358:Spatial uses of
1306:
1302:
1266:
1256:
1252:
1216:
1200:Spatial uses of
1172:
1168:
1122:
1111:
1107:Spatial uses of
1002:
998:
970:
966:
938:
934:
916:
912:
908:
847:
843:
831:
788:
784:
766:
722:3SG exist D.DIST
712:
708:
688:
674:to the hospital'
640:
636:
572:
568:
545:
541:
513:
509:
486:
482:
458:
454:
450:
321:
316:
307:
303:
286:
282:
264:
189:standard dialect
151:among tribes in
149:contact language
126:
110:
103:
67:
19:
18:
9682:
9681:
9677:
9676:
9675:
9673:
9672:
9671:
9647:
9646:
9645:
9640:
9622:
9595:
9576:
9560:
9551:
9546:Hadhrami Arabic
9544:
9537:
9519:
9456:
9428:
9404:
9397:
9338:
9269:
9260:
9246:
9227:
9203:Larantuka Malay
9193:Gorontalo Malay
9132:
9131:Other languages
9113:
9026:
9009:Lower Mamberamo
9003:
8965:
8932:
8904:
8886:
8838:
8810:
8787:
8759:
8736:
8698:
8675:
8637:
8619:
8566:
8498:
8465:
8442:
8379:
8271:
8098:
8010:
7972:
7914:
7886:
7848:
7775:
7732:
7669:
7566:
7489:North Halmahera
7479:
7458:
7386:Western Oceanic
7380:
7331:Southeast Babar
7231:Dawera-Daweloor
7197:
7044:
7021:
7006:
6963:
6750:
6743:
6729:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6680:
6673:
6645:
6510:Larike-Wakasihu
6448:Rohomoni-Kabauw
6446:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6352:
6275:
6250:
6217:
6179:
6121:
6094:
6085:
6078:
6071:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6018:
5994:
5951:
5861:
5803:
5715:
5552:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5459:Barrier Islands
5458:
5451:
5437:
5419:
5126:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5054:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4928:Pontianak Malay
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4804:
4797:
4763:
4756:
4677:
4670:
4586:
4579:
4555:
4543:Malayo-Sumbawan
4537:
4528:
4520:
4504:
4491:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4448:
4446:
4438:
4436:
4419:
4417:
4400:
4398:
4389:
4381:
4379:
4370:
4364:
4312:
4310:
4297:
4292:
4291:
4283:
4279:
4271:
4264:
4256:
4249:
4241:
4237:
4229:
4225:
4217:
4213:
4205:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4176:
4169:
4161:
4157:
4149:
4145:
4137:
4130:
4122:
4118:
4110:
4106:
4098:
4091:
4083:
4079:
4071:
4067:
4059:
4050:
4042:
4035:
4027:
4020:
4012:
3998:
3987:
3979:
3975:
3967:
3963:
3955:
3951:
3941:
3930:
3926:
3921:
3896:
3785:
3690:
3493:
3419:
3393:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3199:
3192:= We never lie.
3177:
3165:
3142:
3132:
3120:
3108:
3094:
3080:
3049:
3039:
3027:
3017:
3007:
2999:
2965:
2937:
2927:
2915:
2907:
2897:
2889:
2855:
2827:
2817:
2805:
2797:
2789:
2779:
2771:
2752:
2718:
2702:
2689:
2677:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2566:
2556:
2546:
2536:
2524:
2514:
2500:
2496:father's mouth'
2468:
2460:
2452:
2442:
2432:
2422:
2414:
2391:
2366:
2356:
2340:
2332:
2322:
2312:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2270:
2239:
2229:
2215:
2205:
2197:
2187:
2160:
2152:
2142:
2132:
2120:
2110:
2102:
2087:
2082:
1840:
1835:
1830:from over there
1812:
1804:
1796:
1782:
1772:
1756:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1692:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1551:
1534:
1526:
1518:
1508:
1505:
1490:
1482:
1462:
1446:
1436:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1366:
1356:
1333:
1308:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1258:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1208:
1198:
1194:
1190:the bucket here
1174:
1158:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1114:
1105:
1043:
1014:
1004:
982:
972:
950:
940:
901:
896:
875:
867:
859:
849:
833:
823:
815:
812:
808:
798:
790:
776:
768:
758:
755:
739:
730:
714:
698:
690:
680:
676:
658:
650:
642:
626:
618:
610:
584:
574:
557:
547:
525:
515:
498:
488:
440:
310:Domains of Use
298:
296:'you live here'
293:2SG stay D.PROX
288:
274:
266:
256:
227:
222:
187:, the national
177:Southwest Papua
122:
106:
99:
89:
68:
65:Language family
63:
54:
53:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
9680:
9670:
9669:
9667:Malay dialects
9664:
9659:
9642:
9641:
9635:
9632:
9631:
9628:
9627:
9624:
9623:
9621:
9620:
9615:
9609:
9607:
9605:Sign languages
9601:
9600:
9597:
9596:
9594:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9582:
9581:
9568:
9566:
9562:
9561:
9559:
9558:
9557:
9556:
9549:
9542:
9529:
9527:
9525:Middle Eastern
9521:
9520:
9518:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9466:
9464:
9458:
9457:
9455:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9438:
9436:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9410:
9409:
9402:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9359:
9357:
9348:
9344:
9343:
9340:
9339:
9337:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9299:
9294:
9288:
9281:
9279:
9271:
9270:
9268:
9267:
9266:
9265:
9253:
9252:
9251:
9239:
9234:
9233:
9232:
9220:
9215:
9213:Makassar Malay
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9180:
9178:Balinese Malay
9175:
9170:
9168:Ambonese Malay
9165:
9159:
9157:
9148:
9134:
9133:
9123:
9122:
9119:
9118:
9115:
9114:
9112:
9111:
9106:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9034:
9032:
9028:
9027:
9025:
9024:
9019:
9013:
9011:
9005:
9004:
9002:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8979:Ngkolmpu Kanum
8975:
8973:
8967:
8966:
8964:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8942:
8940:
8934:
8933:
8931:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8914:
8912:
8906:
8905:
8903:
8902:
8896:
8894:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8848:
8846:
8840:
8839:
8837:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8820:
8818:
8812:
8811:
8809:
8808:
8803:
8797:
8795:
8789:
8788:
8786:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8769:
8767:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8757:
8752:
8746:
8744:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8708:
8706:
8700:
8699:
8697:
8696:
8691:
8685:
8683:
8677:
8676:
8674:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8647:
8645:
8639:
8638:
8636:
8635:
8629:
8627:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8576:
8574:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8508:
8506:
8500:
8499:
8497:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8475:
8473:
8467:
8466:
8464:
8463:
8458:
8452:
8450:
8444:
8443:
8441:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8389:
8387:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8281:
8279:
8273:
8272:
8270:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8108:
8106:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8020:
8018:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7982:
7980:
7974:
7973:
7971:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7924:
7922:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7896:
7894:
7888:
7887:
7885:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7858:
7856:
7850:
7849:
7847:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7785:
7783:
7777:
7776:
7774:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7742:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7679:
7677:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7667:
7662:
7660:Western Pantar
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7576:
7574:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7493:
7491:
7481:
7480:
7468:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7390:
7388:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7207:
7205:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7054:
7052:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7042:
7037:
7031:
7029:
7023:
7022:
7016:
7014:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6973:
6971:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6755:
6753:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6727:
6720:
6713:
6706:
6699:
6692:
6685:
6678:
6666:
6661:
6655:
6653:
6651:Flores–Lembata
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6486:
6481:
6475:
6469:
6464:
6458:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6444:
6437:
6430:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6362:
6360:
6358:Central Maluku
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6289:
6287:
6277:
6276:
6264:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6227:
6225:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6189:
6187:
6181:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6131:
6129:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6113:
6111:
6102:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6023:
6011:
6006:
6001:
6000:
5999:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5961:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5871:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5813:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5725:
5723:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5621:Highland Konjo
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5558:South Sulawesi
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5511:
5504:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5463:
5461:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5429:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5064:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4863:
4861:Mempawah Malay
4858:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4802:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4761:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4732:Ketapang Malay
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4675:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4616:Belitung Malay
4613:
4611:Batubara Malay
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4584:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4547:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4516:
4514:
4506:
4505:
4493:
4492:
4478:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4455:
4445:
4444:
4425:
4406:
4387:
4368:
4362:
4337:
4318:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4277:
4262:
4247:
4235:
4223:
4211:
4209:, p. 262.
4194:
4192:, p. 365.
4182:
4180:, p. 364.
4167:
4165:, p. 363.
4155:
4153:, p. 261.
4143:
4141:, p. 361.
4128:
4126:, p. 342.
4116:
4114:, p. 346.
4104:
4102:, p. 344.
4089:
4077:
4075:, p. 348.
4065:
4063:, p. 341.
4048:
4033:
4018:
4015:on 2022-12-25.
3996:
3973:
3961:
3949:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3900:Ambonese Malay
3895:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3768:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3752:
3750:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3729:
3727:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3671:
3669:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3642:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3593:
3591:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3477:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3443:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3387:
3382:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3295:demonstrative
3293:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3187:
3176:
3173:
3133:
3121:
3109:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3040:
3028:
3018:
3008:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2939:adu, dong dua
2928:
2916:
2908:
2898:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2818:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2780:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2703:
2690:
2678:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2615:'aren't there
2585:
2577:
2567:
2557:
2547:
2537:
2525:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2490:is very bad' (
2461:
2453:
2443:
2433:
2423:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2368:sa bilang, i,
2357:
2341:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2297:
2289:
2281:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2216:
2206:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2153:
2143:
2133:
2121:
2111:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2035:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1839:
1836:
1827:'Those people
1805:
1797:
1783:
1773:
1757:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1698:nanti bapa ke
1677:
1669:
1661:
1653:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1587:kam datang ke
1578:
1570:
1562:
1552:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1447:
1437:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1367:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1269:
1259:
1243:
1235:
1227:
1219:
1209:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1176:sa su taru di
1159:
1149:
1141:
1133:
1125:
1115:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1016:
1015:
991:
990:
988:
984:
983:
959:
958:
956:
952:
951:
927:
926:
924:
920:
919:
900:
897:
868:
860:
850:
834:
824:
816:
813:
810:
809:
791:
777:
769:
759:
756:
753:
752:
738:
735:
699:
691:
681:
678:
677:
651:
643:
627:
619:
611:
608:
607:
586:
585:
561:
560:
558:
534:
533:
531:
527:
526:
502:
501:
499:
475:
474:
472:
468:
467:
464:
461:
439:
438:Demonstratives
436:
433:
432:
430:
427:
424:
420:
419:
417:
414:
411:
407:
406:
403:
400:
397:
393:
392:
390:
387:
384:
380:
379:
376:
373:
370:
369:Psychological
366:
365:
362:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
346:
343:
339:
338:
335:
332:
329:
325:
324:
319:
314:
311:
290:ko tinggal ini
275:
267:
257:
254:
253:
237:Demonstratives
226:
223:
221:
218:
211:Ambonese Malay
165:Highland Papua
128:
127:
120:
112:
111:
104:
96:
95:
94:Language codes
91:
90:
88:
87:
86:
85:
71:
69:
62:
59:
58:
55:
52:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
33:
32:Native to
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9679:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9639:
9633:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9610:
9608:
9606:
9602:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9579:
9575:
9574:
9573:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9563:
9554:
9550:
9547:
9543:
9540:
9536:
9535:
9534:
9531:
9530:
9528:
9526:
9522:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9467:
9465:
9463:
9459:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9435:
9431:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9407:
9403:
9400:
9396:
9395:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9360:
9358:
9356:
9352:
9349:
9345:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9292:
9289:
9286:
9283:
9282:
9280:
9276:
9263:
9259:
9258:
9257:
9254:
9249:
9245:
9244:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9230:
9226:
9225:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9218:Maumere Malay
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9160:
9158:
9156:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9143:
9139:
9135:
9128:
9124:
9110:
9107:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9035:
9033:
9029:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9014:
9012:
9010:
9006:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8976:
8974:
8972:
8968:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8943:
8941:
8939:
8935:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8915:
8913:
8911:
8907:
8901:
8898:
8897:
8895:
8893:
8889:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8849:
8847:
8845:
8841:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8821:
8819:
8817:
8813:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8798:
8796:
8794:
8790:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8770:
8768:
8766:
8762:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8747:
8745:
8743:
8739:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8709:
8707:
8705:
8701:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8686:
8684:
8682:
8678:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8648:
8646:
8644:
8643:South Pauwasi
8640:
8634:
8631:
8630:
8628:
8626:
8622:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8573:
8569:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8509:
8507:
8505:
8501:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8476:
8474:
8472:
8471:Demta–Sentani
8468:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8451:
8449:
8445:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8386:
8382:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8282:
8280:
8278:
8274:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8109:
8107:
8105:
8101:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8021:
8019:
8017:
8013:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7983:
7981:
7979:
7975:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7925:
7923:
7921:
7917:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7897:
7895:
7893:
7892:West Bomberai
7889:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7855:
7851:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7782:
7778:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7743:
7741:
7739:
7735:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7693:Central Asmat
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7680:
7678:
7676:
7672:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7573:
7569:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7492:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7478:
7473:
7469:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7383:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7200:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7053:
7051:
7047:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7024:
7019:
7015:
7013:
7009:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6970:
6966:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6752:
6746:
6740:
6737:
6732:
6728:
6725:
6724:South Lembata
6721:
6718:
6714:
6711:
6707:
6704:
6700:
6697:
6693:
6690:
6686:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6652:
6648:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6479:
6476:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6431:
6428:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6355:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6282:
6278:
6274:
6269:
6265:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6220:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6182:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6077:
6074:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6042:
6038:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6024:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5957:North Bornean
5954:
5948:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5718:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5706:Toraja-Sa’dan
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5596:Coastal Konjo
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5581:Budong-Budong
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5454:
5448:
5445:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5115:
5111:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5051:
5050:Tamiang Malay
5048:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5005:Sintang Malay
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4995:Serdang Malay
4993:
4991:
4990:Sekadau Malay
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4980:Sanggau Malay
4978:
4976:
4973:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4778:Langkat Malay
4776:
4774:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4476:
4471:
4469:
4464:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4434:
4430:
4429:"PWMP *si-tu"
4426:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4319:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4287:, p. 77.
4286:
4281:
4275:, p. 71.
4274:
4269:
4267:
4260:, p. 66.
4259:
4254:
4252:
4245:, p. 393
4244:
4239:
4232:
4227:
4220:
4215:
4208:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4191:
4186:
4179:
4174:
4172:
4164:
4159:
4152:
4147:
4140:
4135:
4133:
4125:
4120:
4113:
4108:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4086:
4081:
4074:
4069:
4062:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4045:
4044:"Deixis" 2015
4040:
4038:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3997:1-881044-29-7
3993:
3986:
3985:
3977:
3971:, p. 16.
3970:
3965:
3958:
3953:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3924:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3891:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3868:Orthographic
3867:
3866:
3863:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3374:
3359:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3107:
3098:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3003:
2995:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2954:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2893:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2844:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2749:
2748:his utensils'
2741:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2671:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2656:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2626:
2618:
2613:
2610:
2609:yang lulus ka
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2201:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2181:'eventually,
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2080:Morpho-syntax
2072:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:WMP Language
2033:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:WMP Language
1940:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1694:ko datang ke
1691:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1541:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1110:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1035:
1032:
1030:Temporal uses
1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
994:
989:
986:
985:
981:
978:
975:
971:
962:
957:
954:
953:
949:
946:
943:
939:
930:
925:
922:
921:
915:Papuan Malay
913:
907:
904:
895:
893:
888:
885:
883:
880:
874:
871:
866:
863:
858:
855:
854:
848:
839:
838:
832:
827:
822:
819:
807:
804:
801:
797:
794:
789:
780:
775:
772:
767:
762:
751:
748:
745:
742:
734:
729:
728:
725:'She is over
723:
720:
719:
713:
704:
703:
697:
694:
689:
684:
675:
673:
668:
665:
664:ke ruma-sakit
663:
657:
654:
649:
646:
641:
632:
631:
625:
622:
617:
614:
606:
604:
603:
598:
597:
591:
583:
580:
577:
573:
564:
559:
556:
553:
550:
546:
537:
532:
529:
528:
524:
521:
518:
514:
505:
500:
497:
494:
491:
487:
478:
473:
470:
469:
465:
462:
457:Papuan Malay
456:
455:
449:
446:
443:
431:
428:
425:
422:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
408:
404:
401:
398:
395:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
381:
377:
374:
371:
368:
367:
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
349:
347:
344:
341:
340:
336:
333:
330:
327:
326:
320:
315:
312:
309:
308:
302:
297:
294:
291:
287:
278:
273:
270:
265:
260:
252:
250:
249:
243:
240:
238:
234:
231:
217:
214:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
161:Central Papua
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
125:
121:
119:
118:
113:
109:
105:
102:
97:
92:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
75:
74:
70:
66:
60:
56:
50:
47:
44:
40:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
9242:Papuan Malay
9241:
9208:Manado Malay
9198:Kupang Malay
8793:Bulaka River
8765:Marind–Yaqai
8742:Kaure–Kosare
8704:West Pauwasi
8681:East Pauwasi
7978:Paniai Lakes
7963:Western Dani
7675:Asmat–Mombum
7050:Sumba–Flores
6969:Kei-Tanimbar
6751:Cenderawasih
6731:West Lembata
6601:Seit-Kaitetu
6318:Kola-Kompane
5885:Bukar Sadong
4975:Sambas Malay
4939:Coastal Riau
4856:Melawi Malay
4773:Landak Malay
4742:Kualuh Malay
4712:Kayong Malay
4601:Bangka Malay
4519:
4447:
4437:. Retrieved
4435:. 2020-06-21
4432:
4418:. Retrieved
4416:. 2020-06-21
4413:
4410:"PWMP *sana"
4399:. Retrieved
4397:. 2020-06-21
4394:
4380:. Retrieved
4378:. 2020-06-21
4375:
4372:"PAN *-i-Cu"
4342:
4322:
4311:. Retrieved
4309:. 2015-12-03
4306:
4280:
4243:Kluge (2014)
4238:
4226:
4214:
4185:
4158:
4146:
4119:
4107:
4080:
4068:
4029:Kluge (2017)
4010:the original
3983:
3976:
3964:
3959:, p. 2.
3952:
3935:
3932:Papuan Malay
3927:
3914:Vanimo Malay
3889:
3874:Translation
3861:
3786:
3691:
3371:
3357:
3189:
3183:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3099:
3096:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3075:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2977:semantically
2976:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2850:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2747:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2720:dong su bli
2719:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2644:
2641:
2633:
2630:
2624:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2582:pass(a.test)
2581:
2578:
2571:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2408:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2285:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2231:Fitri pu ini
2230:
2220:
2217:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2026:
2017:
2016:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1933:
1920:
1919:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1787:
1784:
1777:
1774:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1498:
1491:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1438:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1108:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1036:Textual uses
1024:Spatial uses
1019:
1012:'over there'
1011:
1008:
1005:
995:
992:
979:
976:
973:
963:
960:
947:
944:
941:
931:
928:
905:
902:
891:
889:
886:
881:
878:
876:
872:
869:
864:
861:
856:
852:
851:
840:
836:
835:
828:
825:
820:
817:
805:
802:
799:
795:
792:
781:
778:
773:
770:
763:
760:
749:
746:
743:
740:
731:
726:
724:
721:
717:
715:
705:
701:
700:
695:
692:
685:
682:
671:
669:
666:
661:
659:
655:
652:
647:
644:
633:
629:
628:
623:
620:
615:
612:
601:
600:
595:
594:
592:
589:
581:
578:
575:
565:
562:
554:
551:
548:
538:
535:
522:
519:
516:
506:
503:
495:
492:
489:
479:
476:
447:
444:
441:
423:Placeholder
299:
295:
292:
289:
279:
276:
271:
268:
261:
258:
247:
246:
244:
241:
235:
228:
215:
200:
193:
136:
133:Papuan Malay
132:
131:
115:
83:Papuan Malay
82:
73:Malay Creole
22:Papuan Malay
9636:† indicate
9318:Pidgin Onin
9248:Serui Malay
9173:Banda Malay
8651:Biksi-Yetfa
8277:Lakes Plain
8059:Komyandaret
8016:Digul River
7698:North Asmat
7562:West Makian
7306:North Babar
7236:Dela-Oenale
7203:Timor–Babar
7012:Micronesian
6997:Uruangnirin
6606:Sepa-Teluti
6150:Gorontaloan
6049:Punan Merap
5852:Punan Merah
5809:Kayan–Murik
5686:Seko Tengah
5681:Seko Padang
5641:Makassarese
5591:Campalagian
5365:Tukang Besi
4953:Rokan Hilir
4918:Panai Malay
4814:Minangkabau
4758:Kota Bangun
4687:Jambi Malay
4626:Berau Malay
4588:Nusa Penida
4570:Bacan Malay
3910:Serui Malay
3660:Approximant
3159:'those are
3047:be.pleasant
2969:two of them
2777:grandfather
2480:jahat skali
2108:eventually,
1997:For distal
1958:here; this
1904:For medial
1870:including:
1814:orang dari
1575:be.confused
884:sratus ribu
877:skarang sa
865:one.hundred
466:Short form
169:South Papua
137:Irian Malay
27:Irian Malay
9651:Categories
9618:Kata Kolok
9452:Portuguese
9373:Fuzhounese
9313:Pidgin Iha
9237:Orang Pulo
9229:Sula Malay
9163:Alor Malay
8572:Momuna–Mek
8547:Ninggerum
8418:Nisa-Anasi
8257:Samarokena
8104:Foja Range
7799:Duriankari
7366:West Damar
7246:East Damar
7058:Anakalangu
6909:Serui-Laut
6749:Halmahera-
6710:Lewo Eleng
6520:Liana-Seti
6213:Tontemboan
6054:Punan Tubu
6009:Lun Bawang
5996:Mainstream
5867:Land Dayak
5508:Simalungun
5501:Mandailing
5285:Mori Bawah
5230:Kaimbulawa
5114:Tenggerese
5086:Cirebonese
5079:Banyumasan
4967:Tembilahan
4946:Pangaraian
4933:Riau Malay
4913:Palu Malay
4765:Tenggarong
4646:Deli Malay
4641:Col/Lembak
4522:Indonesian
4439:2021-03-28
4420:2021-03-28
4401:2021-03-28
4391:"PAN *-ni"
4382:2021-03-28
4332:1887/25849
4313:2021-03-28
4295:References
4285:Kluge 2017
4273:Kluge 2017
4258:Kluge 2017
4207:Kluge 2014
4190:Kluge 2014
4178:Kluge 2014
4163:Kluge 2014
4151:Kluge 2014
4139:Kluge 2014
4124:Kluge 2014
4112:Kluge 2014
4100:Kluge 2014
4085:Kluge 2014
4073:Kluge 2014
4061:Kluge 2014
3969:Kluge 2014
3957:Kluge 2014
3937:Ethnologue
3884:'be high'
3796:Allophone
3368:Consonants
3179:Examples:
2700:~equipment
2085:Possession
2045:Kankanaey
1707:'You come
1597:'You come
1479:over there
1325:over there
660:bawa mace
653:ruma-sakit
463:Long form
173:West Papua
145:New Guinea
9378:Hainanese
9363:Cantonese
9302:Mardijker
9262:Surabayan
9256:Peranakan
9017:Warembori
8946:Kimaghama
8834:Tamagario
8590:Ketengban
8512:Burumakok
8360:Sikaritai
8345:Obokuitai
8089:Tsaukambo
7819:Kemberano
7804:Inanwatan
7502:Gamkonora
7404:Kayupulau
7128:Manggarai
7040:Seluwasan
6814:Erokwanas
6669:Lamaholot
6641:Yalahatan
6576:Nusa Laut
6203:Tonsawang
6185:Minahasan
6170:Ponosakan
6165:Mongondow
6155:Kaidipang
6080:Kalabakan
6034:Sembakung
5930:Semandang
5910:Rejangese
5711:Ulumanda’
5646:Malimpung
5626:Kalumpang
5439:Kayuagung
5425:Lampungic
5290:Mori Atas
5250:Kumbewaha
5155:Balaesang
5150:Bahonsuai
5093:Indramayu
5067:Javanese
5060:Javanesic
5028:Bantenese
5015:Sundanese
4879:Palembang
4752:Kutainese
4679:Seberuang
4606:Banjarese
3871:Phonetic
3588:voiceless
3582:Fricative
3498:voiceless
3491:Affricate
3424:voiceless
3363:Phonology
3335:locative
2981:suffering
2973:suffering
2761:something
2757:something
2728:alat~alat
2693:alat~alat
2401:Hendro=p'
2173:prempuang
2146:prempuang
2005:Kankanaey
1849:(PWMP).
1775:...dorang
1658:very.soon
1393:jembatang
923:proximal
899:Locatives
471:proximal
355:Temporal
313:Function
117:Glottolog
101:ISO 639-3
36:Indonesia
9586:Japanese
9578:Filipino
9495:Sanskrit
9475:Gujarati
9434:European
9419:Mandarin
9323:Portugis
9109:Uhunduni
8961:Riantana
8824:Atohwaim
8433:Tunggare
8393:Baropasi
8350:Papasena
8335:Kirikiri
8262:Trimuris
8252:Oksapmin
8237:Nimboran
8232:Namblong
7844:Yahadian
7713:Kamberau
7630:Nedebang
7414:Masimasi
7361:Uab Meto
7251:Emplawas
7188:Wanukaka
7183:Wae Rana
7063:Baliledo
6959:Yeresiam
6954:Yeretuar
6934:Wandamen
6784:Bedoanas
6717:Lewotobi
6696:Lamatuka
6689:Lamalera
6631:Watubela
6621:Teor-Kur
6566:Naka'ela
6561:Masiwang
6556:Manusela
6489:Kamarian
6472:Hukumina
6343:Tarangan
6333:Manombai
6223:Sangiric
6135:Bintauna
6027:Selungai
5965:Bah-Biau
5947:Tringgus
5895:Kembayan
5890:Jangkang
5832:Hovongan
5784:Ot Siang
5774:Ot Danum
5759:Ma'anyan
5754:Lawangan
5734:Bakumpai
5729:Ampanang
5696:Talondo’
5666:Panasuan
5631:Lemolang
5616:Enrekang
5586:Buginese
5543:Simeulue
5533:Mentawai
5433:Komering
5375:Tomadino
5325:Rahambuu
5280:Moronene
5255:Lasalimu
5245:Kulisusu
5210:Dampelas
5190:Bonerate
5185:Bobongko
5160:Balantak
5042:Priangan
4872:Lematang
4841:Mukomuko
4793:Madurese
4722:Keninjal
4717:Kendayan
4621:Bengkulu
4581:Bali Aga
4575:Balinese
4557:Bakongan
4551:Acehnese
4303:"Deixis"
4006:50506465
3894:See also
3793:Phoneme
3741:Open-mid
3395:Alveolar
3175:Examples
3066:'mother
3051:mama de
2975:, which
2944:mendrita
2935:mendrita
2931:mendrita
2595:Jayapura
2522:Jayapura
2518:Jayapura
2486:'oh no,
2175:kawin...
2155:kawin...
2040:Meaning
1947:Meaning
1810:be.alone
1112:'L.PROX'
1082:In (6),
873:thousand
774:remember
656:hospital
328:Spatial
124:papu1250
9572:Tagalog
9490:Punjabi
9470:Bengali
9447:English
9424:Teochew
9414:Hinghwa
9393:Hokkien
9355:Chinese
9297:Javindo
9146:Pidgins
9142:Creoles
9103:Tambora
9073:Maybrat
9053:Burmeso
9038:Abinomn
8938:Kolopom
8918:Mairasi
8910:Mairasi
8872:Sowanda
8829:Kayagar
8816:Kayagar
8722:Tofanma
8615:Somahai
8600:Korupun
8595:Kosarek
8585:Goliath
8562:Yonggom
8489:Sentani
8375:Waritai
8370:Taworta
8340:Kwerisa
8290:Biritai
8197:Kwesten
8182:Kemtuik
8172:Kauwera
8157:Isirawa
8132:Bonerif
8112:Airoran
8069:Mandobo
8064:Korowai
7877:Moskona
7834:Kovojab
7794:Dombano
7789:Arandai
7746:Kalabra
7723:Koneraw
7683:Buruwai
7665:Woisika
7655:Wersing
7552:Togutil
7537:Ternate
7429:Kaptiau
7341:Termanu
7311:Ringgou
7266:Imroing
7211:Amarasi
7158:Rembong
7123:Mamboru
7113:Lamboya
7093:Kambera
7002:Yamdena
6977:Fordata
6939:Waropen
6874:Meoswar
6864:Munggui
6824:Irarutu
6682:Ile Ape
6675:Adonara
6659:Alorese
6616:Taliabo
6596:Saparua
6591:Saleman
6581:Paulohi
6546:Mangole
6484:Kaibobo
6434:Kailolo
6427:Hulaliu
6396:Benggoi
6381:Asilulu
6376:Ambelau
6298:Batuley
6293:Barakai
6236:Ratahan
6198:Tondano
6193:Tombulu
6140:Bolango
6087:Nonukan
6068:Tidung
6004:Lengilu
5985:Kelabit
5980:Bukitan
5935:Beginci
5920:Sanggau
5875:Bakati’
5789:Tunjung
5676:Selayar
5611:Embaloh
5576:Bentong
5523:Enggano
5480:Angkola
5447:Lampung
5405:Wawonii
5380:Topoiyo
5315:Pancana
5275:Mbelala
5270:Liabuku
5260:Laiyolo
5240:Kodeoha
5205:Cia-Cia
5165:Banggai
5132:Celebic
5010:Sumbawa
5000:Semende
4893:Penukal
4886:Penesak
4848:Pesisir
4834:Kuantan
4783:Loncong
4727:Kerinci
4697:Kangean
4672:Mualang
4631:Besemah
3879:tinggi
3706:Central
3417:Plosive
3410:Glottal
3400:Palatal
2985:so much
2867:sedikit
2834:sedikit
2821:sedikit
2655:already
2283:bilang,
2067:Bontok
2037:Reflex
1977:s-itew
1952:Ifugaw
1944:Reflex
1807:sendiri
1409:...kalo
1130:already
987:distal
980:'there'
955:medial
882:simpang
853:simpang
818:skarang
716:de ada
530:distal
269:tinggal
220:Grammar
207:Ternate
181:Papuans
9591:Korean
9565:Others
9533:Arabic
9510:Telugu
9500:Sindhi
9462:Indian
9388:Haklau
9368:Fuqing
9183:Betawi
9098:Sumuri
9083:Momina
9068:Maklew
9031:Others
8989:Smerki
8951:Morori
8928:Semimi
8892:Senagi
8862:Taikat
8857:Elseng
8844:Border
8806:Yelmek
8801:Maklew
8778:Marind
8755:Kosare
8671:Murkim
8656:Kembra
8610:Nipsan
8552:Tangko
8542:Ngalum
8517:Faiwol
8456:Saweru
8428:Tefaro
8408:Demisa
8403:Burate
8355:Rasawa
8305:Eritai
8295:Doutai
8222:Mekwei
8212:Massep
8207:Mander
8202:Kwinsu
8187:Kwerba
8177:Keijar
8167:Kapori
8142:Dineor
8117:Bagusa
8094:Wambon
8084:Shiaxa
8054:Kombai
8039:Densar
8034:Bayono
8029:Awbono
8006:Wolani
7948:Silimo
7867:Mansim
7839:Puragi
7824:Kokoda
7809:Kaburi
7761:Moraid
7751:Kuwani
7728:Sempan
7718:Kamoro
7708:Mombum
7645:Sawila
7635:Oirata
7610:Kamang
7590:Blagar
7557:Waioli
7547:Tobelo
7542:Tidore
7532:Tabaru
7517:Modole
7512:Loloda
7497:Galela
7444:Tobati
7439:Tarpia
7424:Podena
7399:Bonggo
7371:Welaun
7336:Tela'a
7321:Serili
7316:Romang
7296:Masela
7261:Helong
7256:Galoli
7241:Dengka
7216:Bekais
7193:Wejewa
7168:Rongga
7153:Rajong
7148:Pondok
7143:Palu'e
7138:Ngadha
7108:Komodo
7035:Selaru
7027:Selaru
6929:Wamesa
6919:Tandia
6889:Patani
6884:Papuma
6854:Matbat
6839:Kurudu
6829:Iresim
6809:Dusner
6804:Busami
6774:Arguni
6703:Levuka
6664:Kedang
6636:Wemale
6626:Tulehu
6571:Nuaulu
6551:Manipa
6530:Lisela
6500:Kowiai
6495:Kayeli
6478:Hulung
6467:Huaulu
6441:Pelauw
6421:Haruku
6371:Amahai
6338:Mariri
6328:Lorang
6246:Talaud
6241:Sangir
6231:Bantik
6208:Tonsea
6175:Suwawa
6117:Tausug
6073:Burusu
6059:Sa'ban
6020:Okolod
5990:Kenyah
5905:Nyadu’
5880:Biatah
5847:Modang
5817:Aoheng
5764:Malang
5739:Bajaw
5721:Barito
5671:Pannei
5661:Mandar
5656:Mamuju
5651:Mamasa
5571:Bambam
5548:Sikule
5390:Totoli
5385:Tomini
5370:Tolaki
5350:Pamona
5340:Sarudu
5335:Saluan
5320:Pendau
5235:Kamaru
5195:Bungku
5107:Serang
5072:Arekan
5035:Brebes
4827:Kampar
4820:Jamee
4806:Sapudi
4799:Bawean
4651:Duano'
4596:Bamayo
4360:
4004:
3994:
3688:Vowels
3616:Rhotic
3522:voiced
3458:voiced
3390:Dental
3385:Labial
3321:L.PROX
3301:L.DIST
3281:D.PROX
3271:D.DIST
3140:
3005:mother
2895:oh.no!
2851:few of
2564:person
2458:be.bad
2440:
2430:father
2420:oh.no!
2375:{} {}
2335:
2325:
2164:Hendro
2162:nanti
2118:Hendro
2114:Hendro
2056:Malay
2013:Bontok
1985:Malay
1969:there
1966:s-itu
1916:Kenyah
1912:Ifugaw
1882:, and
1876:Sangil
1861:*si-ni
1730:person
1666:father
1623:datang
1564:biking
1521:datang
1404:Warmer
1401:Warmer
1396:bridge
1388:aim.at
1385:menuju
1156:bucket
1009:L.DIST
948:'here'
945:L.PROX
862:sratus
727:there'
602:itu/tu
596:ini/ni
582:'that'
579:D.DIST
555:'that'
552:D.DIST
523:'this'
520:D.PROX
496:'this'
493:D.PROX
175:, and
42:Region
9505:Tamil
9442:Dutch
9399:Medan
9383:Hakka
9329:Tansi
9308:Petjo
9188:Gorap
9078:Molof
9063:Kanum
9048:Amung
8994:Tamer
8882:Waris
8867:Manem
8783:Yaqay
8773:Bipim
8750:Kaure
8727:Towei
8712:Namla
8694:Zorop
8666:Lepki
8661:Kimki
8605:Nalca
8557:Tifal
8537:Nakai
8527:Kopka
8494:Tabla
8484:Nafri
8479:Demta
8438:Woria
8423:Sauri
8413:Kofei
8398:Bauzi
8365:Tause
8300:Duvle
8285:Awera
8267:Vitou
8247:Sause
8217:Mawes
8152:Gresi
8147:Edwas
8127:Betaf
8122:Berik
8044:Edera
7996:Ekari
7953:Walak
7943:Nggem
7938:Nduga
7933:Hupla
7910:Karas
7900:Baham
7882:Sougb
7872:Meyah
7862:Hatam
7829:Konda
7771:Tehit
7766:Seget
7703:Citak
7650:Teiwa
7640:Retta
7605:Kafoa
7600:Kaera
7595:Bunak
7585:Adang
7454:Yamna
7449:Wakde
7434:Sobei
7376:Wetar
7351:Te'un
7346:Tetum
7326:Serua
7291:Luang
7276:Kisar
7271:Kemak
7221:Bilba
7178:Kepo'
7163:Riung
7083:Gaura
7018:Mapia
6992:Sekar
6904:Sawai
6869:Marau
6859:Ma'ya
6849:Maden
6769:Ansus
6764:Ambel
6759:Ambai
6586:Salas
6416:Geser
6406:Bobot
6401:Boano
6386:Banda
6366:Alune
6308:Karey
6303:Dobel
6160:Lolak
6064:Sajau
6041:Tagol
6014:Murut
5975:Bukat
5970:Basap
5940:Gerai
5915:Ribun
5900:Laraʼ
5857:Segai
5837:Kayan
5827:Bahau
5799:Pakau
5779:Sama
5769:Ngaju
5749:Kohin
5744:Deyah
5701:Taman
5636:Maiwa
5601:Dakka
5487:Dairi
5467:Batak
5410:Wolio
5360:Tajio
5345:Sedoa
5330:Rampi
5310:Padoe
5265:Lauje
5225:Kaili
5220:Kalao
5215:Dondo
5200:Busoa
5180:Boano
5175:Behoa
5170:Batui
5140:Andio
5100:Osing
5021:Baduy
4985:Sasak
4923:Pekal
4900:Rawas
4636:Bukit
4530:Slang
4013:(PDF)
3988:(PDF)
3919:Notes
3832:, ,
3820:, ,
3808:, ,
3718:Close
3701:Front
3545:Nasal
3405:Velar
3340:PWMP
3311:L.MED
3169:punya
3149:punya
3124:punya
3084:punya
3056:punya
3053:masak
3031:punya
3021:masak
2878:punya
2869:with
2803:water
2795:drink
2792:minum
2725:punya
2698:REDUP
2681:punya
2607:orang
2579:lulus
2560:orang
2478:mulut
2470:adu,
2463:skali
2455:jahat
2450:mouth
2446:mulut
2247:punya
2203:Fitri
2200:Fitri
2150:woman
2105:nanti
2095:punya
2091:punya
2070:sana
2059:sana
2048:sána
2009:Malay
1988:situ
1980:here
1955:hitú
1884:Malay
1880:Kayan
1799:kerja
1727:orang
1713:there
1655:nanti
1475:there
1380:start
1377:mulay
1279:duduk
1229:duduk
1178:ember
1152:ember
977:L.MED
857:store
771:ingat
696:exist
624:woman
616:bring
157:Papua
155:(now
139:is a
9515:Urdu
9485:Pali
9480:Odia
9406:Riau
9144:and
9093:Mpur
9043:Abun
9022:Yoke
8984:Rema
8956:Ndom
8900:Dera
8877:Viid
8852:Awyi
8732:Usku
8717:Tebi
8689:Emem
8633:Skou
8625:Skou
8580:Eipo
8532:Muyu
8522:Iwur
8461:Yawa
8448:Yawa
8330:Keuw
8325:Kaiy
8315:Foau
8310:Fayu
8242:Orya
8227:Mlap
8162:Itik
8137:Dabe
8079:Sawi
8074:Pisa
8049:Jair
8024:Aghu
8001:Moni
7986:Auye
7968:Yali
7958:Wano
7920:Dani
7814:Kais
7625:Kula
7615:Klon
7580:Abui
7527:Sahu
7522:Pagu
7419:Ormu
7409:Liki
7394:Anus
7301:Nila
7286:Lole
7281:Leti
7173:So'a
7133:Nage
7103:Kodi
7088:Hawu
7078:Ende
7073:Dhao
7068:Bima
6987:Onin
6949:Yaur
6924:Wabo
6914:Taba
6899:Roon
6844:Maba
6834:Kuri
6819:Gane
6799:Buli
6794:Biga
6789:Biak
6739:Sika
6611:Sula
6541:Luhu
6535:Loun
6515:Latu
6505:Laha
6461:Hoti
6456:Hitu
6411:Buru
6391:Bati
6348:Ujir
6323:Lola
6313:Koba
6145:Buol
5925:Sara
5842:Krio
5822:Aput
5794:Witu
5691:Tae’
5606:Duri
5538:Nias
5528:Gayo
5515:Toba
5494:Karo
5473:Alas
5415:Wotu
5400:Waru
5355:Taje
5305:Napu
5300:Muna
5295:Moma
5145:Bada
5122:Kawi
4960:Siak
4908:Ogan
4866:Musi
4788:Lubu
4747:Kubu
4707:Kaur
4666:Iban
4661:Haji
4656:Enim
4358:ISBN
4002:OCLC
3992:ISBN
3764:Open
3711:Back
3348:WMP
3144:itu
3129:POSS
3105:DIST
3093:(21)
3072:lit.
3059:enak
3043:enak
3036:POSS
3025:cook
3002:mama
2998:(20)
2957:lit.
2924:POSS
2900:dong
2892:adu,
2888:(19)
2863:many
2861:and
2847:lit.
2814:POSS
2774:tete
2770:(18)
2744:lit.
2715:PROX
2686:POSS
2642:dong
2638:(17)
2621:lit.
2604:blas
2569:yang
2554:tens
2550:blas
2533:POSS
2513:(16)
2492:lit.
2472:bapa
2466:very
2426:bapa
2417:adu,
2413:(15)
2380:kaka
2377:ko=p
2373:kaka
2370:sa=p
2360:kaka
2353:POSS
2344:ko=p
2316:kaka
2309:POSS
2300:sa=p
2294:ugh!
2269:(14)
2226:PROX
2212:POSS
2196:(13)
2129:POSS
2101:(12)
2027:sana
2018:sana
2007:and
2000:sana
1934:situ
1921:situ
1914:and
1907:situ
1898:sana
1895:and
1892:situ
1867:sini
1855:sini
1816:sana
1802:work
1793:DIST
1769:DIST
1753:DIST
1744:sana
1738:from
1735:dari
1720:(11)
1709:here
1700:situ
1696:sini
1680:situ
1663:bapa
1649:PROX
1640:sini
1626:come
1606:(10)
1599:here
1589:sini
1583:just
1580:saja
1572:kaco
1567:make
1548:PROX
1538:sini
1524:come
1485:help
1466:sana
1459:DIST
1450:sana
1425:situ
1420:from
1417:dari
1364:sana
1362:and
1360:situ
1348:sana
1345:and
1342:situ
1329:here
1316:sini
1312:sana
1305:PROX
1296:sini
1274:also
1271:juga
1261:tong
1255:DIST
1246:sana
1224:also
1221:juga
1211:dong
1206:sana
1204:and
1202:sini
1181:sini
1171:PROX
1162:sini
1135:taru
1109:sini
1097:sana
1094:and
1091:sini
1085:sini
1076:sana
1070:sini
1064:situ
1058:sana
1052:sini
1006:sana
1001:DIST
993:sana
974:situ
961:situ
942:sini
937:PROX
929:sini
870:ribu
846:DIST
787:PROX
761:saya
711:DIST
672:here
639:PROX
621:mace
613:bawa
571:DIST
544:DIST
512:PROX
485:PROX
285:PROX
272:stay
9088:Mor
9058:Dem
8999:Yei
8971:Yam
8923:Mer
8320:Iau
7991:Dao
7905:Iha
7756:Moi
7620:Kui
7507:Kao
7356:Tii
7226:Dai
7118:Lio
7098:Kéo
6982:Kei
6944:Woi
6894:Pom
6879:Mor
6285:Aru
5395:Uma
4348:doi
4327:hdl
3934:at
3856:,
3851:/a/
3844:,
3839:/ɔ/
3827:/ɛ/
3815:/u/
3803:/i/
3533:d͡ʒ
3509:t͡ʃ
3331:LOC
3291:DEM
3161:his
3117:3SG
3097:itu
3070:' (
3014:3SG
2955:' (
2913:two
2910:dua
2904:3PL
2880:or
2871:dua
2859:few
2845:' (
2825:few
2800:air
2786:3SG
2731:ini
2706:ini
2674:3SG
2663:buy
2660:bli
2646:3PL
2601:dua
2573:REL
2544:two
2540:dua
2364:oSb
2349:2SG
2338:say
2329:3SG
2320:oSb
2305:1SG
2286:say
2277:1SG
2218:ini
2170:ade
2140:ySb
2136:ade
1819:itu
1785:itu
1779:3PL
1760:itu
1689:MED
1617:2SG
1558:2PL
1554:kam
1515:2PL
1511:kam
1504:(9)
1477:to
1433:MED
1372:yes
1369:yo.
1355:(8)
1282:sit
1265:1PL
1232:sit
1215:3PL
1197:(7)
1138:put
1121:1SG
1104:(6)
1100:.
969:MED
917:LOC
879:itu
837:itu
830:1SG
821:now
811:(5)
796:Ise
793:Ise
779:ini
765:1SG
754:(4)
693:ada
687:3SG
679:(3)
609:(2)
549:itu
536:itu
490:ini
477:ini
459:DEM
322:LOC
317:DEM
277:ini
263:2SG
255:(1)
248:ini
135:or
108:pmy
9653::
8504:Ok
6779:As
4431:.
4412:.
4393:.
4374:.
4356:.
4305:.
4265:^
4250:^
4197:^
4170:^
4131:^
4092:^
4051:^
4036:^
4021:^
4000:.
3261:SG
3250:PL
3239:SG
3228:PL
3217:SG
3206:PL
3146:de
3112:de
3078:')
3010:de
2963:')
2941:pu
2919:pu
2882:pu
2853:')
2831:pu
2809:pu
2782:de
2722:de
2669:de
2652:su
2598:pu
2590:or
2587:ka
2528:pu
2403:.
2291:i,
2273:sa
2253:pu
2208:pu
2167:pu
2124:pu
1886:.
1878:,
1874:,
1674:to
1671:ke
1634:to
1631:ke
1613:ko
1532:to
1529:ke
1487:);
1443:TO
1439:ke
1412:if
1290:at
1287:di
1240:at
1237:di
1146:at
1143:di
1127:su
1117:sa
1079:.
826:sa
718:tu
702:tu
683:de
662:ni
648:to
645:ke
630:ni
576:tu
563:tu
517:ni
504:ni
429:X
416:X
405:X
402:X
389:X
378:X
375:X
364:X
361:X
350:X
337:X
334:X
259:ko
213:.
171:,
167:,
163:,
159:,
9325:†
9304:†
9293:†
9287:†
9105:†
7020:†
6537:†
6491:†
6480:†
6474:†
6463:†
4474:e
4467:t
4460:v
4442:.
4423:.
4404:.
4385:.
4366:.
4350::
4335:.
4329::
4316:.
4233:.
4221:.
4046:.
3772:a
3756:ɔ
3747:ɛ
3733:u
3724:i
3675:j
3666:w
3646:l
3624:r
3608:h
3597:s
3572:ŋ
3565:ɲ
3558:n
3551:m
3481:ɡ
3472:d
3465:b
3447:k
3438:t
3431:p
3392:/
3259:3
3248:3
3237:2
3226:2
3215:1
3204:1
3152:ø
3136:ø
3103:.
3101:D
3074:'
2959:'
2849:'
2750:)
2746:'
2742:(
2713:.
2711:D
2627:)
2623:'
2498:)
2494:'
2475:ø
2436:ø
2351:=
2307:=
2262:p
2224:.
2222:D
1791:.
1789:D
1767:.
1765:D
1751:.
1749:L
1715:'
1687:.
1685:L
1647:.
1645:L
1546:.
1544:L
1540:,
1481:'
1457:.
1455:L
1431:.
1429:L
1331:'
1303:.
1301:L
1253:.
1251:L
1192:'
1169:.
1167:L
999:.
997:L
967:.
965:L
935:.
933:L
844:.
842:D
785:.
783:D
709:.
707:D
637:.
635:D
569:.
567:D
542:.
540:D
510:.
508:D
483:.
481:D
283:.
281:D
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