102:. By the early 1990s, the shooting classification system had moved away from medical based system to a functional classification system. Because of issues in objectively identifying functionality that plagued the post Barcelona Games, the IPC unveiled plans to develop a new classification system in 2003. This classification system went into effect in 2007, and defined ten different disability types that were eligible to participate on the Paralympic level. It required that classification be sport specific, and served two roles. The first was that it determined eligibility to participate in the sport and that it created specific groups of sportspeople who were eligible to participate and in which class. The IPC left it up to International Federations to develop their own classification systems within this framework, with the specification that their classification systems use an evidence based approach developed through research.
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may use. Their ruling overrides all prior classifications including those of a national basis. Athletes must be classified according to their disability and level of impairment. The classification process normally involves a physical assessment to authenticate the disability and evaluate the degree of limitation, plus a technical assessment where the athlete will be observed in non-competition action. Results will place the athlete in one of the two classes (see
Classes): this evaluation cannot be used for sports outside of Shooting. In the event that an athlete is deemed ineligible, they will be given an assessment of Sport Class Not Eligible (NE). As with other Paralympic sports, athletes may need to undergo the classification process more than once if their impairment is of a progressive nature.
74:. The classification used the classification system designed for field athletics events. In 1983, there were five cerebral palsy classifications for its competitors. Class 2 competitors could compete in co-ed division 1 Class 1 and Class 2 events with the use of assistance including a sling, trigger aid and support stand. In 1983, Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (CP-ISRA) set the eligibility rules for classification for this sport. They defined cerebral palsy as a non-progressive brain legion that results in impairment. People with cerebral palsy or non-progressive brain damage were eligible for classification by them. The organization also dealt with classification for people with similar impairments. For their classification system, people with
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224:, amputee and wheelchair disability types were eligible to participate, with classification being run through the International Paralympic Committee, with classification being done based on functional disability type. At the 1996 Summer Paralympics, classification for this sport was done at the venue because classification assessment required watching a competitor play the sport. At the
235:
The 2012 Paralympic
Shooting competition was held at The Royal Artillery Barracks from 30 August to 5 September, with 9 medal events in standing and seated classes held. A maximum of five athletes per country were allowed to compete in a shooting class, while a maximum of three athletes per country
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confirmed prior to the Games, with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case-by-case basis. In case there was a need for classification or reclassification at the Games despite best efforts otherwise, shooting classification was scheduled for
September 6 at the Olympic Shooting Centre.
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For a
Paralympic shooting athlete to compete at the Paralympic Games, international classification by an International Classification Panel is required. The International Classification Panel will allocate a class to the athlete and if any assistive equipment (such as a shooting stand) the athlete
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These sub-classes are used to determine the height of backrests permitted and spring flexibility. With exception to an IPC certified shooting stand (which is either used on a table or tripod) no other devices are allowed to support the rifle. All competitors classed within SH2 compete in the SH2
38:
Shooting classification at the
Paralympic Games is the basis for determining who can compete in the sport and within which class. Classification is used to establish fair competition. Entry is eligible to male and female athletes with a physical disability. There are three classifications for
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had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations. All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status
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Male and female athletes with a physical disability (as defined by the IPC) can compete. There are competitions for men, women and mixed in standing and wheelchair disciplines, with rifle and pistol events. As of 2012, people with visual disabilities are eligible to compete in this sport.
204:. Three types of classification are available for Australian competitors: Provisional, national and international. The first is for club level competitions, the second for state and national competitions and the third for international competitions.
335:, is working on improving classification to be more of an evidence-based system as opposed to a performance-based system so as not to punish elite athletes whose performance makes them appear in a higher class alongside competitors who train less.
30:'s IPC Shooting. While there are currently three classifications, there were originally five in international competitions. People with physical disabilities as defined by the International Paralympic Committee are eligible to compete.
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These subclasses are used to determine height of backrests permitted. If competitors compete standing they must only be supported by ordinary prosthesis/orthosis. Arm prosthesis must not have fixed elbows or grip the
48:
886:
Doll-Tepper, Gudrun; Kröner, Michael; Sonnenschein, Werner; International
Paralympic Committee, Sport Science Committee (2001). "Organisation and Administration of the Classification Process for the Paralympics".
51:., shooting is currently governed through IPC Shooting under the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). IPC Shooting sets out sport rules (including classification rules and guidelines) in their document
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were eligible provided the condition did not interfere with their ability to compete. People who had strokes were eligible for classification following medical clearance. Competitors with
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SH2A. Athletes compete sitting or standing. Severe impairment to both upper limbs or non-function to one upper limb. Normal torso strength and function. No backrest permitted.
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SH1C. Athletes compete sitting. No function in the lower limbs, or severe impairment in lower limbs coupled with impairment in the torso. High backrest permitted.
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New
Horizons in sport for athletes with a disability : proceedings of the International VISTA '99 Conference, Cologne, Germany, 28 August-1 September 1999
228:, 7 assessments were conducted at the Games. This resulted in 0 class changes after a PPS classification was challenged by a classifier and was upheld. At the
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Shooting chairs are allowed in rifle prone events. All competitors classed within SH1 compete in the SH1 class, regardless of their sub-classification.
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924:. Petersham, N.S.W.: Walla Walla Press in conjunction with the Australian Centre for Olympic Studies University of Technology, Sydney. p. 152.
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There were originally five classifications in international competitions. In 1983, classification for shooters with cerebral palsy was done by the
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SH2C. Athletes compete sitting. Severe impairment or non-function in lower limbs. Impairment or non-function in torso. High backrest permitted.
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SH1B: Athletes compete sitting. Severe impairment to lower limbs but normal function in pelvis (m.quadratus lumborum). Low backrest permitted.
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was
Australia's oldest competitor at the London 2012, Paralympic class SH1 shooter and In Paratrap Shooting, class SH2, Asian Record Holder
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216:. Competitors with cerebral palsy classifications were allowed to compete at the Paralympics for the first time at the
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SH1A: Athletes may compete sitting or standing. Torso strength and function is normal. No backrest permitted.
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were not eligible for classification by CP-ISRA, but were eligible for classification by
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Paralympic shooting, with the classification system being based on functional ability.
763:. Homebush Bay, New South Wales: Australian Paralympic Committee. 2012. Archived from
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968:"Aussie shooter Libby Kosmala headed for record 11th Paralympic Games at age 70"
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At 70 years of age, Paralympic class SH1 shooter and nine times gold medallist
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100 male and 40 female athletes from all over the world competed in Shooting.
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was Indias Prominent competitor at the WSPS Paralympic Championship 2019.
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Within these two classes, athletes are further sub-classified as follows:
891:. Vol. 1. Oxford (UK): Meyer & Meyer Sport. pp. 379–392.
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Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983).
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Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983).
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Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983).
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Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983).
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Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983).
546:(Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 16–18.
523:(Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 13–38.
26:
to help establish fair competition. Classification is governed by the
569:(Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 7–8.
500:(Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 4–6.
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477:(Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. p. 1.
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Going forward, disability sport's major classification body, the
677:. Bonn, Germany: International Paralympic Committee. p. 13
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Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association
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The sport first appeared on the Paralympic programme at the
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IPC Shooting: Classification Rules and Regulations May 2012
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Vanlandewijck, Yves C.; Thompson, Walter R. (2016-06-01).
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IPC Shooting Classification Rules and Regulations May 2012
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The National Federation for the sport in Australia is the
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IPC Shooting Classification Rules and Regulations May 2012
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619:"Shooting — Rules and Regulations | Classification"
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There are two broad classes within Paralympic Shooting:
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Benchmark games : the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games
62:, who fund the Australian Paralympic Shooting program.
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789:. Sydney, Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee
727:. Bonn, Germany: IPC Shooting. 2012. pp. 24–29.
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1014:. Bonn, Germany: International Paralympic Committee
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749:. Bonn, Germany: IPC Shooting. 2012. pp. 8–12.
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96:International Sports Organisation for the Disabled
743:IPC Shooting Classification Rules and Regulations
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49:International Shooting Committee for the Disabled
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22:is the shooting classification in place for the
440:. Bonn, Germany: IPC Shooting. 2012. p. 1.
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648:. London 2012 Paralympic Games. Archived from
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172:class, regardless of their sub-classification.
105:As of 2011, there were three classifications.
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672:"Layman's Guide to Paralympic Classification"
398:Michael Hutson; Cathy Speed (17 March 2011).
269:The examples and perspective in this section
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594:Training and Coaching the Paralympic Athlete
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236:were allowed to compete in a single event.
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621:. International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
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370:. International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
287:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
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853:. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p.
847:DePauw, Karen P; Gavron, Susan J (1995).
814:. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p.
808:DePauw, Karen P; Gavron, Susan J (1995).
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303:Learn how and when to remove this message
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404:. Oxford University Press. p. 445.
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567:Classification and sport rules manual
544:Classification and sport rules manual
521:Classification and sport rules manual
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475:Classification and sport rules manual
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245:International Paralympic Committee
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992:. Australian Paralympic Committee
454:. Australian Paralympic Committee
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1200:Disability sport classification
939:"Rio 2016 Classification Guide"
202:Australian Paralympic Committee
60:Australian Paralympic Committee
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452:"Shooting | Sports Summary"
283:, discuss the issue on the
47:Previously governed by the
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990:"APC Team - Libby Kosmala"
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787:"What is Classification?"
597:. John Wiley & Sons.
368:"Shooting Classification"
326:
1012:"Classification History"
1412:Intellectual disability
646:"Shooting — About"
241:2016 Summer Paralympics
230:2012 Summer Paralympics
226:2000 Summer Paralympics
222:1992 Summer Paralympics
218:1984 Summer Paralympics
214:1976 Summer Paralympics
208:At the Paralympic Games
1340:Wheelchair basketball
850:Disability and sport
811:Disability and sport
281:improve this section
271:may not represent a
100:Games of Les Autres
18:Paralympic Shooting
1386:Wheelchair curling
1366:Para-nordic skiing
1361:Para-alpine skiing
1299:Wheelchair fencing
252:Prominent athletes
88:muscular dystrophy
84:multiple sclerosis
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1320:Football 5-a-side
1304:Wheelchair tennis
1207:Individual Sports
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767:on 15 August 2012
652:on 24 August 2012
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