529:, India, Japan, Korea, Turkey and elsewhere, almost every culture that gained access to even early firearms used them widely, to the neglect of archery. Early firearms were inferior in rate-of-fire, and were very sensitive to wet weather. However, they had longer effective range and were tactically superior in the common situation of soldiers shooting at each other from behind obstructions. They also required significantly less training to use properly, in particular penetrating steel armor without any need to develop special musculature. Armies equipped with guns could thus provide superior firepower, and highly trained archers became obsolete on the battlefield. However, the bow and arrow is still an effective weapon, and archers have seen military action in the 21st century. Traditional archery remains in use for sport, and for hunting in many areas.
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1205:, the fletches are equally spaced around the shaft, with one placed such that it is perpendicular to the bow when nocked on the string, though variations are seen with modern equipment, especially when using the modern spin vanes. This fletch is called the "index fletch" or "cock feather" (also known as "the odd vane out" or "the nocking vane"), and the others are sometimes called the "hen feathers". Commonly, the cock feather is of a different color. However, if archers are using fletching made of feather or similar material, they may use same color vanes, as different dyes can give varying stiffness to vanes, resulting in less precision. When an arrow is
1844:
by still hunting, stalking, or waiting in a blind or tree stand. In many countries, including much of the United States, bow hunting for large and small game is legal. Bow hunters generally enjoy longer seasons than are allowed with other forms of hunting such as black powder, shotgun, or rifle. Usually, compound bows are used for large game hunting due to the relatively short time it takes to master them as opposed to the longbow or recurve bow. These compound bows may feature fiber optic sights, stabilizers, and other accessories designed to increase accuracy at longer distances. Using a bow and arrow to take fish is known as "
1759:, reducing the overall amount released when the bow is shot. Of the remaining energy, some is dampened both by the limbs of the bow and the bowstring. Depending on the arrow's elasticity, some of the energy is also absorbed by compressing the arrow, primarily because the release of the bowstring is rarely in line with the arrow shaft, causing it to flex out to one side. This is because the bowstring accelerates faster than the archer's fingers can open, and consequently some sideways motion is imparted to the string, and hence arrow nock, as the power and speed of the bow pulls the string off the opening fingers.
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types under World
Archery. Modern compound bows automatically limit the draw length to give a consistent arrow velocity, while traditional bows allow great variation in draw length. Some bows use mechanical methods to make the draw length consistent. Barebow archers often use a sight picture, which includes the target, the bow, the hand, the arrow shaft and the arrow tip, as seen at the same time by the archer. With a fixed "anchor point" (where the string is brought to, or close to, the face), and a fully extended bow arm, successive shots taken with the sight picture in the same position fall on the same
1619:. Instinctive aiming is used by many archers who use traditional bows. The two most common forms of a non-mechanical release are split-finger and three-under. Split-finger aiming requires the archer to place the index finger above the nocked arrow, while the middle and ring fingers are both placed below. Three-under aiming places the index, middle, and ring fingers under the nocked arrow. This technique allows the archer to better look down the arrow since the back of the arrow is closer to the dominant eye, and is commonly called "gun barreling" (referring to common aiming techniques used with firearms).
732:
504:, as "Those Who Draw the Bow". For example, Xiong-nu mounted bowmen made them more than a match for the Han military, and their threat was at least partially responsible for Chinese expansion into the Ordos region, to create a stronger, more powerful buffer zone against them. It is possible that "barbarian" peoples were responsible for introducing archery or certain types of bows to their "civilized" counterparts – the Xiong-nu and the Han being one example. Similarly, short bows seem to have been introduced to Japan by northeast Asian groups.
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1178:. Wooden arrows are prone to warping. Fiberglass arrows are brittle, but can be produced to uniform specifications easily. Aluminium shafts were a very popular high-performance choice in the latter half of the 20th century, due to their straightness, lighter weight, and subsequently higher speed and flatter trajectories. Carbon fiber arrows became popular in the 1990s because they are very light, flying even faster and flatter than aluminium arrows. Today, the most popular arrows at tournaments and Olympic events are made of composite materials.
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after shooting. Even with a carefully made arrow, the slightest imperfection or air movement causes some unbalanced turbulence in air flow. Consequently, rotation creates an equalization of such turbulence, which, overall, maintains the intended direction of flight i.e. accuracy. This rotation is not to be confused with the rapid gyroscopic rotation of a rifle bullet. Fletching that is not arranged to induce rotation still improves accuracy by causing a restoring drag any time the arrow tilts from its intended direction of travel.
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bow arm and the string hand arm simultaneously, especially when using bows having draw weights from 45 kg (99 lb) to over 80 kg (180 lb). Heavily stacked traditional bows (recurves, long bows, and the like) are released immediately upon reaching full draw at maximum weight, whereas compound bows reach their maximum weight around the last 4 cm (1.6 in), dropping holding weight significantly at full draw. Compound bows are often held at full draw for a short time to achieve maximum accuracy.
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Arrows can spread or concentrate force, depending on the application. Practice arrows, for instance, have a blunt tip that spreads the force over a wider area to reduce the risk of injury or limit penetration. Arrows designed to pierce armor in the Middle Ages used a very narrow and sharp tip ("bodkinhead") to concentrate the force. Arrows used for hunting used a narrow tip ("broadhead") that widens further, to facilitate both penetration and a large wound.
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1501:. This point is consistent from shot to shot, and is usually at the corner of the mouth, on the chin, to the cheek, or to the ear, depending on preferred shooting style. The archer holds the bow arm outwards, toward the target. The elbow of this arm should be rotated so that the inner elbow is perpendicular to the ground, though archers with hyper extendable elbows tend to angle the inner elbow toward the ground, as exemplified by the Korean archer
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produce the most consistently repeatable shots, and therefore may provide greater accuracy of the arrow flight. Some believe that the hand with the greatest dexterity should therefore be the hand that draws and releases the string. Either eye can be used for aiming, and the less dominant eye can be trained over time to become more effective for use. To assist with this, an eye patch can be temporarily worn over the dominant eye.
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1767:. Dry firing refers to releasing the bowstring without a nocked arrow. Because there is no arrow to receive the stored potential energy, almost all the energy stays in the bow. Some have suggested that dry firing may cause physical damage to the bow, such as cracks and fracturesâand because most bows are not specifically made to handle the high amounts of energy dry firing produces, should never be done.
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1116:. Crossbows typically have shorter draw lengths compared to compound bows. Because of this, heavier draw weights are required to achieve the same energy transfer to the arrow. These mechanically drawn bows also have devices to hold the tension when the bow is fully drawn. They are not limited by the strength of a single archer and larger varieties have been used as
424:. The French army relied more on the crossbow. Like their predecessors archers were more likely to be peasants or yeomen than men-at-arms. The longbow had a range of up to 270 m (890 ft). However its lack of accuracy at long ranges made it a mass weapon rather than an individual one. Significant victories attributable to the longbow, such as the
1755:, and when the bowstring is released, this stored energy is imparted to the arrow much more quickly than can be delivered by the muscles, resulting in much higher velocity and, hence, greater distance. This same process is employed by frogs, which use elastic tendons to increase jumping distance. In archery, some energy dissipates through
748:. These modern forms are now dominant in modern Western archery; traditional bows are in a minority. Archery returned to the Olympics in 1972. In the 1980s, the skills of traditional archery were revived by American enthusiasts, and combined with the new scientific understanding. Much of this expertise is available in the
1748:, and even at the optimal contraction speed for power production, total work by the muscle is less than half of what it would be if the muscle contracted over the same distance at slow speeds, resulting in less than 1/4 the projectile launch velocity possible without the limitations of the forceâvelocity relationship.
496:. Their tactic was to shoot at the enemy infantry, and use their superior mobility to prevent the enemy from closing with them. Empires throughout the Eurasian landmass often strongly associated their respective "barbarian" counterparts with the usage of the bow and arrow, to the point where powerful states like the
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Using archery to take game animals is known as "bow hunting". Bow hunting differs markedly from hunting with firearms, as distance between hunter and prey must be much shorter to ensure a humane kill. The skills and practices of bow hunting therefore emphasize very close approach to the prey, whether
1476:(a small locking groove located at the proximal end of the arrow). This step is called "nocking the arrow". Typical arrows with three vanes should be oriented such that a single vane, the "cock feather", is pointing away from the bow, to improve the clearance of the arrow as it passes the arrow rest.
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for the competitors. The clubs were "the drawing rooms of the great country houses placed outside" and thus came to play an important role in the social networks of the local upper class. As well as its emphasis on display and status, the sport was notable for its popularity with females. Young women
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Instinctive shooting is a style of shooting that includes the barebow aiming method that relies heavily upon the subconscious mind, proprioception, and motor/muscle memory to make aiming adjustments; the term used to refer to a general category of archers who did not use a mechanical or fixed sight.
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and other modern materials offer high strength for their weight and are used on most modern bows. Linen and other traditional materials are still used on traditional bows. Several modern methods of making a bowstring exist, such as the 'endless loop' and 'Flemish twist'. Almost any fiber can be made
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are designed to reduce the force required to hold the string at full draw, hence allowing the archer more time to aim with less muscular stress. Most compound designs use cams or elliptical wheels on the ends of the limbs to achieve this. A typical let-off is anywhere from 65% to 80%. For example, a
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While there is great variety in the construction details of bows (both historical and modern), all bows consist of a string attached to elastic limbs that store mechanical energy imparted by the user drawing the string. Bows may be broadly split into two categories: those drawn by pulling the string
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The innovative aspect of the invention of the bow and arrow was the amount of power delivered to an extremely small area by the arrow. The huge ratio of length vs. cross sectional area, coupled with velocity, made the arrow more powerful than any other hand held weapon until firearms were invented.
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Even with a release aid mechanism some of this effect is usually experienced, since the string always accelerates faster than the retaining part of the mechanism. This makes the arrow oscillate in flightâits center flexing to one side and then the other repeatedly, gradually reducing as the arrow's
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are used to pull the arrow to the anchor point. Some modern recurve bows are equipped with a mechanical device, called a clicker, which produces a clicking sound when the archer reaches the correct draw length. , traditional
English Longbow shooters step "into the bow", exerting force with both the
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The archer then raises the bow and draws the string, with varying alignments for vertical versus slightly canted bow positions. This is often one fluid motion for shooters of recurves and longbows, which tend to vary from archer to archer. Compound shooters often experience a slight jerk during the
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Another type of string hold, used on traditional bows, is the type favoured by the Mongol warriors, known as the "thumb release", style. This involves using the thumb to draw the string, with the fingers curling around the thumb to add some support. To release the string, the fingers are opened out
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as "Ta-Seti," or "The Land of the Bow," since the
Nubians were known to be expert archers, and by the 16th Century BC Egyptians were using the composite bow in warfare. The Bronze Age Aegean Cultures were able to deploy a number of state-owned specialized bow makers for warfare and hunting purposes
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The accurate flight of an arrow depends on its fletchings. The arrow's manufacturer (a "fletcher") can arrange fletching to cause the arrow to rotate along its axis. This improves accuracy by evening pressure buildups that would otherwise cause the arrow to "plane" on the air in a random direction
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Modern arrows are made to a specified 'spine', or stiffness rating, to maintain matched flexing and hence accuracy of aim. This flexing can be a desirable feature, since, when the spine of the shaft is matched to the acceleration of the bow(string), the arrow bends or flexes around the bow and any
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Mechanical sights can be affixed to the bow to aid in aiming. They can be as simple as a pin, or may use optics with magnification. Modern compound bows usually also have a peep sight (rear sight) built into the string, which aids in a consistent anchor point, but this is not allowed for other bow
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To shoot an arrow, an archer first assumes the correct stance. The body should be at or nearly perpendicular to the target and the shooting line, with the feet placed shoulder-width apart. As an archer progresses from beginner to a more advanced level other stances such as the "open stance" or the
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fletching, to introduce a stabilizing spin to the arrow while in flight. Whether helical or straight fletched, when natural fletching (bird feathers) is used it is critical that all feathers come from the same side of the bird. Oversized fletchings can be used to accentuate drag and thus limit the
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is traditionally made from bird feathers, but solid plastic vanes and thin sheet-like spin vanes are used. They are attached near the nock (rear) end of the arrow with thin double sided tape, glue, or, traditionally, sinew. The most common configuration in all cultures is three fletches, though as
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shooting is a technique eschewing sights and is often preferred by traditional archers (shooters of longbows and recurves). In either the split finger or three finger under case, the string is usually placed in the first or second joint, or else on the pads of the fingers. When using a mechanical
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where all archers are trained to hold the bow in the left hand.) Therefore, if one is right-eye dominant, they would hold the bow in the left hand and draw the string with the right hand. However, not everyone agrees with this line of thought. A smoother, and more fluid release of the string will
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obsolete in warfare, although efforts were sometimes made to preserve archery practice. In
England and Wales, for example, the government tried to enforce practice with the longbow until the end of the 16th century. This was because it was recognized that the bow had been instrumental to military
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The bowstring and arrow are held with three fingers, or with a mechanical arrow release. Most commonly, for finger shooters, the index finger is placed above the arrow and the next two fingers below, although several other techniques have their adherents around the world, involving three fingers
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Stabilizers aid in aiming by improving the balance of the bow. Sights, quivers, rests, and design of the riser (the central, non-bending part of the bow) make one side of the bow heavier. One purpose of stabilizers are to offset these forces. A reflex riser design will cause the top limb to lean
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Gap shooting is an aiming method used by instinctive shooters. It involves consciously focusing on the tip of the arrow while maintaining awareness of the target. The archer must adjust the arrow's trajectory by gauging the distance between the arrow tip and the target, ensuring accurate shots.
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A release aid is a mechanical device designed to give a crisp and precise loose of arrows from a compound bow. In the most commonly used, the string is released by a finger-operated trigger mechanism, held in the archer's hand or attached to their wrist. In another type, known as a back-tension
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event was first recorded in 1483. (In this event, archers shoot vertically from the base of an abbey tower to dislodge a wood pigeon placed approximately 30 m (98 ft) above.) The Royal
Company of Archers was formed in 1676 and is one of the oldest sporting bodies in the world. Archery
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The arrowhead is the primary functional component of the arrow. Some arrows may simply use a sharpened tip of the solid shaft, but separate arrowheads are far more common, usually made from metal, stone, or other hard materials. The most commonly used forms are target points, field points, and
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of various hard materials. Many surviving
Turkish and Chinese examples are works of considerable art. Some are so highly ornamented that the users could not have used them to loose an arrow. Possibly these were items of personal adornment, and hence value, remaining extant whilst leather had
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Stabilizers improve the forgiveness and accuracy by increasing the moment of inertia of the bow to resist movement during the shooting process. Lightweight carbon stabilizers with weighted ends are desirable because they improve the moment of inertia while minimizing the weight added.
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If shooting according to eye dominance, right-eye-dominant archers shooting conventionally hold the bow with their left hand. If shooting according to hand dexterity, the archer draws the string with the hand that possesses the greatest dexterity, regardless of eye dominance.
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and motor-muscle memory, similar to that used when throwing a ball. With sufficient practice, such archers can normally achieve good practical accuracy for hunting or for war. Aiming without a sight picture may allow more rapid shooting, not however increasing accuracy.
1468:"closed stance" may be used, although many choose to stick with a "neutral stance". Each archer has a particular preference, but mostly this term indicates that the leg furthest from the shooting line is a half to a whole foot-length from the other foot, on the ground.
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in 1844 and over the next decade the extravagant and festive practices of the past were gradually whittled away and the rules were standardized as the 'York Round' - a series of shoots at 55 m (180 ft), 73 m (240 ft), and 91 m (299 ft).
1520:), or triggering the mechanical release aid. Usually the release aims to keep the drawing arm rigid, the bow hand relaxed, and the arrow is moved back using the back muscles, as opposed to using just arm motions. An archer should also pay attention to the recoil or
480:. Lightly armoured, but highly mobile archers were excellently suited to warfare in the Central Asian steppes, and they formed a large part of armies that repeatedly conquered large areas of Eurasia. Shorter bows are more suited to use on horseback, and the
890:
when
Odysseus returns home in disguise and then bests the suitors in an archery competition after hinting at his identity by stringing and drawing his great bow that only he can draw, a similar motif is present in the Turkic Iranian heroic archeheroic poem
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being presented as a reward to the victor. General meetings were held from 1789, in which local lodges convened together to standardise the rules and ceremonies. Archery was also co-opted as a distinctively
British tradition, dating back to the lore of
407:
The medieval shortbow was technically identical with the classical era bows, having a range of approximately 91 m (299 ft). It was the primary ranged weapon of the battlefield through the early medieval period. Around the tenth century the
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Anecdotes of
Archery; from the earliest ages to the year 1791. Including an account of the most famous archers of ancient and modern times; with some curious particulars in the life of Robert Fitz-Ooth Earl of Huntington, vulgarly called Robin Hood
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When using short bows or shooting from horseback, it is difficult to use the sight picture. The archer may look at the target, but without including the weapon in the field of accurate view. Aiming then involves hand-eye coordinationâwhich includes
723:, founded in 1961 and named in honor of Pope and his friend, Arthur Young, became one of North America's leading bowhunting and conservation organizations. Founded as a nonprofit scientific organization, the Club was patterned after the prestigious
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drawback, at around the last 4 cm (1.6 in), where the draw weight is at its maximumâbefore relaxing into a comfortable stable full draw position. The archer draws the string hand towards the face, where it should rest lightly at a fixed
184:, where the remains of bone and stone arrowheads have been found dating approximately 72,000 to 60,000 years ago. Based on indirect evidence, the bow also seems to have appeared or reappeared later in Eurasia, near the transition from the
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To load, the bow is pointed toward the ground, tipped slightly clockwise of vertical (for a right handed shooter) and the shaft of the arrow is placed on the arrow rest or shelf. The back of the arrow is attached to the bowstring with the
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Archery societies were set up across the country, each with its own strict entry criteria and outlandish costumes. Recreational archery soon became extravagant social and ceremonial events for the nobility, complete with flags, music and
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I amused myself by making blunt arrows... Plugging hats became one of my favorite pastimes. The boys would put their hats off about a hundred yards and bet me the drinks that I could not hit them. I would get the drinks every
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could not only compete in the contests but retain and show off their sexuality while doing so. Thus, archery came to act as a forum for introductions, flirtation and romance. It was often consciously styled in the manner of a
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Backwell L, Bradfield J, Carlson KJ, Jashashvili T, Wadley L, d'Errico F.(2018). The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave. Journal of
Archaeological Science, 92:289â303.
1874:, shot at targets generally set at various distances in a wooded setting. Competitive archery in the United States is governed by USA Archery and National Field Archery Association (NFAA), which also certifies instructors.
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and the thumb relaxes to allow the string to slide off the thumb. When using this type of release, the arrow should rest on the same side of the bow as the drawing hand i.e. Left hand draw = arrow on left side of bow.
1295:(also known as an arm-guard) to protect the inside of the bow arm from being hit by the string and prevent clothing from catching the bowstring. The bracer does not brace the arm; the word comes from the armoury term "
1086:. The arrows are released from the right hand side of the bow, and this affects construction of the bow. In western archery, the arrow is usually released from the left hand side of the bow for a right-handed archer.
200:, Switzerland, alongside the remains of both a bear and a hunter, with flint fragments found in the bear's third vertebra, suggest the use of arrows at 13,500 years ago. Other signs of its use in Europe come from the
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A compound bow is fitted with a special type of arrow rest, known as a launcher, and the arrow is usually loaded with the cock feather/vane pointed either up, or down, depending upon the type of launcher being used.
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Stabilizers are mounted at various points on the bow. Common with competitive archery equipment are special brackets that allow multiple stabilizers to be mounted at various angles to fine tune the bow's balance.
3925:
A Bibliography of Archery: an indexed catalogue of 5,000 articles, books, films, manuscripts, periodicals and theses on the use of the bow for hunting, war, and recreation, from the earliest times to the present
1740:. However, the energy must be imparted over a limited distance (determined by arm length) and therefore (because the projectile is accelerating) over a limited time, so the limiting factor is not work but rather
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were known for their shooting skills. The famous archery competition of hitting the eye of a rotating fish while watching its reflection in the water bowl was one of the many archery skills depicted in the
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From the 1920s, professional engineers took an interest in archery, previously the exclusive field of traditional craft experts. They led the commercial development of new forms of bow including the modern
149:, meaning bow. Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat. In modern times, it is mainly a competitive sport and recreational activity. A person who practices archery is typically called an
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have developed highly ornamented bracers as non-functional items of adornment. Some archers (nearly all female archers) wear protection on their chests, called chestguards or plastrons. The myth of the
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was introduced in Europe. Crossbows generally had a longer range, greater accuracy and more penetration than the shortbow, but suffered from a much slower rate of fire. Crossbows were used in the early
192:. The earliest definite remains of bow and arrow from Europe are possible fragments from Germany found at Mannheim-Vogelstang dated 17,500 to 18,000 years ago, and at Stellmoor dated 11,000 years ago.
3095:
Archery: The Technical Side. A compilation of scientific and technical articles on theory, construction, use and performance of bows and arrows, reprinted from journals of science and of archery
1793:. It maintains accuracy, for if part of the arrow struck a glancing blow on discharge, some inconsistency would be present, and the excellent accuracy of modern equipment would not be achieved.
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bladelets found embedded in a skull and within the thoracic cavity of another skeleton, suggest the use of stone-tipped arrows as weapons about 10,000 years ago. Bows eventually replaced the
698:. Maurice was president in its inaugural year and Will was president in 1882, 1903, and 1904. The 1910 President was Frank E Canfield. Today it is known as USA Archery and is recognized by
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towards the shooter. In this case a heavier front stabilizer is desired to offset this action. A deflex riser design has the opposite effect and a lighter front stabilizer may be used.
982:, is claimed by legend to have been a near-godlike archer. Archery features in the story of Oguz Khagan. Similarly, archery and the bow feature heavily into historical Korean identity.
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Competitive archery involves shooting arrows at a target for accuracy from a set distance or distances. This is the most popular form of competitive archery worldwide and is called
656:
helped to improve archery standards and pioneered new archery techniques. He won the Grand National 11 times in a row and published a highly influential guide to the sport in 1856.
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Backwell L, d'Errico F, Wadley L.(2008). Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35:1566â1580.
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Chief Master Sgt. Kevin Peterson demonstrates safe archery techniques while aiming an arrow at a target on the 28th Force Support Squadron trap and skeet range at
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Stabilizers can reduce noise and vibration. These energies are absorbed by viscoelastic polymers, gels, powders, and other materials used to build stabilizers.
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When a bow is used, the muscles are able to perform work much more slowly, resulting in greater force and greater work done. This work is stored in the bow as
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in the 1960s (a US patent was filed in 1966 and granted in 1969) and it has become the most widely used type of bow for all forms of archery in North America.
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flight proceeds. This is clearly visible in high-speed photography of arrows at discharge. A direct effect of these energy transfers can clearly be seen when
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In different cultures, the arrows are released from either the left or right side of the bow, and this affects the hand grip and position of the bow. In
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Zutterman, C. (2003). "The bow in the Ancient Near East. A re-evaluation of archery from the late 2nd Millennium to the end of the Achaemenid empire".
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and some types of longbow have tips that curve away from the archer when the bow is unstrung. The cross-section of the limb also varies; the classic
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bow, invented by Frank Loring (Chief Big Thunder) about 1900. It consists of a small bow attached by cables on the back of a larger main bow.
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use cords as the back of the bow; the draw weight of the bow can be adjusted by changing the tension of the cable. They were widespread among
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became more popular among the middle class. By 1889, just 50 archery clubs were left in Britain, but it was still included as a sport at the
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Lahr, M. MirazĂłn; Rivera, F.; Power, R.K.; Mounier, A.; Copsey, B.; Crivellaro, F.; Edung, J.E.; Fernandez, J.M. Maillo; Kiarie, C. (2016).
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and it served as a patriotic form of entertainment at a time of political tension in Europe. The societies were also elitist, and the new
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2113:â"imaginary proper name invented by Ascham, and hence title of his book (1545), intended to mean 'lover of the bow'." "toxophilite, n."
3866:. York: printed for E. Hargrove, bookseller, Knaresbro' (later editions: York, 1845 and facsimile reprint, London: Tabard Press, 1970)
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Early recreational archery societies included the Finsbury Archers and the Ancient Society of Kilwinning Archers. The latter's annual
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Hunting for flying birds from the back of a galloping horse was considered the top category of archery. The favourite hobby of Prince
1745:
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Ok, Gwang; Seokgyu, Choi; Surk Jeong, Hee (2010). "'The Disturbance of War': The Ancient Origin and Development of Korean Archery".
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is one of several deities of the hunt who are identified with bow and arrow iconography and other insignia associated with archery.
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525:. Despite the high social status, ongoing utility, and widespread pleasure of archery in Armenia, China, Egypt, England and Wales,
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Arab Archery: An Arabic manuscript of about AD 1500, "A book on the excellence of the bow & arrow" and the description thereof
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1744:, which determines how much energy can be added in the limited time available. Power generated by muscles, however, is limited by
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Lombard M (2011). "Quartz-tipped arrows older than 60 ka: further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa".
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remained a small and scattered pastime, however, until the late 18th century when it experienced a fashionable revival among the
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Eurasiatic archers who used the thumb or Mongolian draw protected their thumbs, usually with leather according to the author of
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Lombard M, Phillips L (2010). "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa".
1323:. A simple tab of leather is commonly used, as is a skeleton glove. Medieval Europeans probably used a complete leather glove.
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Directly drawn bows may be further divided based upon differences in the method of limb construction, notable examples being
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2299:« La grotte du Bichon, un site préhistorique des montagnes neuchùteloises », Archéologie neuchùteloise 42, 2009.
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The standard convention on teaching archery is to hold the bow depending upon eye dominance. (One exception is in modern
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The Penobscot War Bow. Gordon M Day. Contributions to Canadian Ethnology 1975. Canadian Ethnology Service Paper no. 31.
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Digital illustration of skilled archer Arjuna aiming arrow at fish hung from revolving wheel above by Doring Kindersley
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1918:
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Towards the end of the 19th century, the sport experienced declining participation as alternative sports such as
3131:
1789:
arrow-rest, and consequently the arrow, and fletchings, have an un-impeded flight. This feature is known as the
727:
and advocated responsible bowhunting by promoting quality, fair chase hunting, and sound conservation practices.
6419:
6003:
4563:
4509:
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3037:
2872:
2659:
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1559:
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609:, the sport became increasingly popular among all classes, and it was framed as a nostalgic reimagining of the
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6013:
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1257:
describes the refusal of a wife, HallgerĂ°ur, to cut her hair to make an emergency bowstring for her husband,
417:, with models having a range of 274 m (899 ft) and being able to penetrate armour or kill a horse.
238:
point. There are no definite earlier bows; previous pointed shafts are known, but may have been launched by
5246:
1913:
274:, though spear-throwers persisted alongside the bow in parts of the Americas, notably Mexico and among the
3314:
6077:
6008:
4504:
4454:
3830:
558:, an antiquarian and collector, formed the Toxophilite Society in London in 1781, with the patronage of
399:, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea was well known for its regiments of exceptionally skilled archers.
4977:
4142:
3871:
Brazilian Indian Archery: a preliminary ethno-toxological study of the archery of the Brazilian Indians
2516:
1993:
1857:
1590:
1312:
mentions one archer, presumably with an unusual shooting style, who wore a leather guard for his face.
493:
469:
2581:; republished in 2003 under the title The Comanches: The History of a People. New York: Anchor Books.
1209:, two opposing fletches are often cock feathers, and occasionally the fletches are not evenly spaced.
1150:
at the other end. Arrows across time and history have normally been carried in a container known as a
793:
6424:
6414:
6082:
4544:
3364:
695:
2601:
The Horse, The Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the World
2135:
Lombard M (2020). "The tip cross-sectional areas of poisoned bone arrowheads from southern Africa".
886:
normally depict him as an archer. Archery, and the bow, play an important part in the epic poem the
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During the late medieval period the English army famously relied on massed archers armed with the
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cut (generally shaped like half of a narrow shield), and is often attached at an angle, known as
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who lacked easy access to good bow wood. One variety of cable-backed bow is the Penobscot bow or
979:
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691:
310:
38:
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The Book of Archery: being the complete history and practice of the art, ancient and modern ...
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1609:
1404:
705:
In the United States, primitive archery was revived in the early 20th century. The last of the
1604:
There are two main forms of aiming in archery: using a mechanical or fixed sight, or barebow.
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1728:
used a smaller bow suitable for horse archery. BnF. MS. SupplĂ©ment Persan 1113. 1430â1434 AD.
522:
5727:
3557:
Sung, LokMan; Kesha, Kilak; Avedschmidt, Sarah; Root, Kelly; Hlavaty, Leigh (12 June 2017).
2927:
1524:
of his or her body, as it may indicate problems with form (technique) that affect accuracy.
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http://www.spacewar.com/reports/Bows_and_arrows_deadly_weapons_of_rural_Kenyas_war_999.html
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1953:
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The 1840s saw the second attempts at turning the recreation into a modern sport. The first
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1910 Spalding Official Archery Guide, Spalding Athletic Library & Library of Congress.
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8:
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Bows and arrows: deadly weapons of rural Kenya's war. Njoro, Kenya (AFP) 2 February 2008
1877:
Para-archery is an adaptation of archery for athletes with a disability, governed by the
1805:
1790:
1778:
720:
680:
429:
316:
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3118:
The Bowhunting and Bowmaking World of the Nation's Top Crafters of Longbows and Recurves
2952:
2326:
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2103:
The noun "toxophilite", meaning "a lover or devotee of archery, an archer" derives from
1885:. There are also several other lesser-known and historical forms of archery, as well as
1720:
1182:
broadheads, although there are also other types, such as bodkin, judo, and blunt heads.
1154:, which can take many different forms. Shafts of arrows are typically composed of solid
1105:) to hold at full draw. Up to 99% let-off is possible. The compound bow was invented by
799:
Deities and heroes in several mythologies are described as archers, including the Greek
686:
The National Archery Association of the United States was organized in 1879, in part by
6139:
6069:
5816:
5664:
5082:
4642:
4115:
3941:
3604:
3508:"One Point Lessons: A collection of simple lessons and explanations of Kyudo technique"
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170:
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1732:
When a projectile is thrown by hand, the speed of the projectile is determined by the
1366:
release, the string is automatically released when drawn to a pre-determined tension.
1201:
many as six have been used. Two makes the arrow unstable in flight. When the arrow is
381:
234:
and consisted of a main shaft and a 15â20 cm (5.9â7.9 in) fore shaft with a
180:
The oldest known evidence of the bow and arrow comes from South African sites such as
51:
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5424:
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2706:
Peace and Poison Arrows in Kenya. By Alexis Okeowo/Nairobi Friday, 29 February 2008.
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2311:"Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya"
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virtually no intrinsic value and would also deteriorate with time. In traditional
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1998:
1828:
1741:
1516:
The arrow is typically released by relaxing the fingers of the drawing hand (see
1167:
1079:
1047:
of the limbs when unstrung; in contrast to traditional European straight bows, a
989:
771:
759:
In 2021, five people were killed and three injured by an archer in Norway in the
606:
477:
445:
433:
425:
360:
2747:
2628:
Ancient China & Its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History
1400:
1101:
27 kg (60 lb) bow with 80% let-off only requires 53 N (12 lb
6299:
5990:
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5874:
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5801:
5534:
5429:
5269:
5209:
5197:
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4926:
4797:
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4605:
4591:
4426:
4340:
4262:
3165:
Zhimunsky, Victor (1966). "The Epic of 'Alpamysh' and the Return of Odysseus".
3132:"Suspect in Norway attack named as police say they're treating it as terrorism"
2842:
2018:
2013:
1948:
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1616:
731:
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473:
364:
324:
255:
243:
3243:
2269:
2226:
2182:
1231:. Misplacement of fletchings can change the arrow's flight path dramatically.
1112:
Mechanically drawn bows typically have a stock or other mounting, such as the
6393:
6254:
6222:
6125:
5925:
5884:
5674:
5569:
5539:
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3592:
1973:
1968:
1958:
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1878:
1871:
1774:
1612:. This lets the archer adjust aim with successive shots to achieve accuracy.
1596:
1300:
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1010:
587:
575:
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489:
481:
377:
263:
239:
132:
46:
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1055:
is a tall bow with narrow limbs that are D-shaped in cross section, and the
623:
that depicted the heroic character Lockseley winning an archery tournament.
6235:
5945:
5899:
5821:
5779:
5742:
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5641:
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4237:
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3600:
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2682:
2342:
2110:
1908:
1825:
1508:
In modern form, the archer stands erect, forming a "T". The archer's lower
1502:
1309:
1171:
1117:
1097:
1075:
820:
745:
717:, learned many of Ishi's traditional archery skills, and popularized them.
614:
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555:
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340:
206:
55:
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3583:
659:
6184:
5851:
5811:
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5187:
4686:
4360:
4282:
4190:
3978:. : Bois d'Arc Press; New York, N.Y.: Distributed by Lyons & Burford
2887:
2288:
2003:
1845:
1816:
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1059:
has flat wide limbs that are approximately rectangular in cross-section.
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741:
714:
664:
599:
551:
497:
271:
267:
227:
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120:
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3034:
Ishi in Two Worlds: a biography of the last wild Indian in North America
2334:
1988:
476:(after gaining access to horses by Europeans) became extremely adept at
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5769:
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5613:
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5384:
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4691:
4652:
4630:
4516:
4401:
4396:
4380:
4345:
4318:
4277:
4125:
3841:
American Archery; a Vade Mecum of the Art of Shooting with the Long Bow
2802:"Archery, Romance and Elite Culture in England and Wales, c. 1780â1840"
2547:
2105:
2008:
1983:
1943:
1933:
1764:
1562: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1424:
1336:
1331:
1320:
1316:
1278:
1274:
1185:
1083:
962:
appear in several early Chinese myths, and the historical character of
828:
752:(see Further reading). Modern game archery owes much of its success to
592:
583:
565:
541:
A print of the 1822 meeting of the "Royal British Bowmen" archery club.
392:
301:, artifacts that could be arrow-shaft straighteners are known from the
247:
189:
3907:
1015:
6342:
6337:
6327:
6287:
6282:
6217:
6212:
6172:
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5351:
5204:
5142:
4869:
4847:
4837:
4647:
4350:
4330:
4325:
4297:
4209:
2383:
Mc Leod, W.E. (January 1962). "Egyptian Composite Bows in New York".
2118:
1411:
1287:
A right-hand finger tab to protect the hand while the string is drawn
1240:
1197:
1143:
1139:
959:
941:
929:
917:
899:
844:
824:
753:
559:
465:
294:
66:
5359:
3879:
Archery, romance and elite culture in England and Wales, c.1780â1840
3507:
2573:(1974) The Comanches: The Destruction of a People. Knopf, New York,
2403:
2194:
Wadley, Lyn (2008). "The Howieson's Poort industry of Sibudu Cave".
1659:
1537:
112:
5836:
5764:
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136:
2928:"Inductee â J. Maurice Thompson - Archery Hall of Fame and Museum"
459:
450:
380:
proved its worth for the first time in Continental warfare at the
84:
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6267:
6202:
6152:
5879:
5864:
5859:
5759:
5717:
5619:
5574:
5519:
5379:
5336:
4827:
4740:
4272:
4257:
4252:
2121:>; accessed 10 March 2011. Earlier version first published in
1938:
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1190:
1056:
1052:
971:
913:
856:
848:
800:
672:
626:
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were excluded from the clubs due to their lack of social status.
421:
336:
251:
223:
193:
3334:. Millicent Rogers Museum of Northern New Mexico. Archived from
1283:
912:) were worshipped on the Greek island of Delos as attendants of
706:
6322:
6307:
6277:
6262:
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6207:
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5504:
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3844:
Columbus, OH: National Archery Association of the United States
1978:
1963:
1835:
1340:
1270:
1245:
1159:
1151:
993:
967:
955:
852:
836:
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804:
676:
631:
298:
89:
61:
2953:"Inductee â Will H. Thompson- Archery Hall of Fame and Museum"
2076:
1357:
1089:
384:. In the Americas archery was widespread at European contact.
5955:
5707:
5499:
5474:
4313:
3477:"What is eye dominance? Why does it matter for my first bow?"
3282:
2079:"Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, arcus"
1903:
1129:
1064:
1044:
947:
935:
923:
907:
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860:
840:
812:
372:
286:
282:
275:
235:
143:
139:
77:
4068:
1308:
was that they had one breast removed to solve this problem.
1028:
directly and those that use a mechanism to pull the string.
6317:
6272:
6197:
6157:
5409:
5369:
5311:
5254:
5182:
4787:
4755:
4204:
3727:"The Physics of Archery AstraZeneca Science Teaching Trust"
3093:
Hickman, C. N.; Nagler, Forrest; Klopsteg, Paul E. (1947),
1155:
864:
832:
710:
648:
231:
104:
4073:
2515:. Royal Armouries Collections. 24 May 2018. Archived from
2117:. Second edition, 1989; online version November 2010. <
1505:. This keeps the forearm out of the way of the bowstring.
1343:
is used that has a ridge to assist in drawing the string.
1225:
range of the arrow significantly; these arrows are called
395:, came to refer to martial arts in general. In East Asia,
2867:(in Finnish). Suomen Kunnallisliitto. 1982. p. 123.
1821:
4050:
3886:
Klopsteg, Paul E. (1943). "Physics of Bows and Arrows".
3556:
3456:
713:, came out of hiding in California in 1911. His doctor,
5594:
3414:
1315:
The drawing digits are normally protected by a leather
2652:
Armed Martial Arts of Japan: Swordsmanship and Archery
2542:. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
2308:
1023:
method. Selfbows are made from a single piece of wood.
882:
was a famous archer. Earlier Greek representations of
3961:
The Witchery of Archery: a Complete Manual of Archery
3130:
Frater, James; Smith-Spark, Laura (14 October 2021).
3092:
2720:
http://www.ogiek.org/election-war/election-war-4.htm
2083:
Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary
1489:
release aid, the release is hooked onto the D-loop.
1216:
cut (short feathers in a smooth parabolic curve) or
735:
Five women taking part in an archery contest in 1931
3229:
2483:Duvernay, Thomas A.; Duvernay, Nicholas Y. (2007),
2455:. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
2196:
South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series
1893:, where the aim is to shoot the greatest distance.
634:, based on the 1669 seal of the old town of Brahea.
3623:
3357:
3077:Adventurous Bowmen: field notes on African archery
2540:Trebuchet Energy Efficiency â Experimental Results
1431:The hand that holds the bow is referred to as the
532:
359:fielded large numbers of archers in their armies.
3672:"Breaking Trad: Archery Lessons from Tom Clum Sr"
3232:The International Journal of the History of Sport
3129:
1484:below the arrow, or an arrow pinching technique.
1123:
484:enabled mounted archers to use powerful weapons.
6391:
3917:A Chapter in the Evolution of Archery in America
3356:
2677:, Past and Present, (2010) Vol. 209 (1): 53â81.
2482:
2404:"Composite Bows in Minoan And Mycenaean Warfare"
700:United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee
613:rural Britain. Particularly influential was Sir
313:shouldered Khiam-points may well be arrowheads.
230:, about 10,000â9000 BC. The arrows were made of
3185:"Nymphai Hyperboreioi at Theoi Greek Mythology"
2621:
2619:
2212:
1253:suggests the hide of a young, emaciated camel.
756:, an American bow hunter and bow manufacturer.
266:as the predominant means for launching shafted
4585:
3304:Nabih Amin Faris; Robert Potter Elmer (1945).
1395:
175:
4978:
4571:
4089:
3659:, Garden City, NJ.: Doubleday, pp. 36â43
2478:
2476:
1851:
1736:imparted by the thrower's muscles performing
1189:Shield cut straight fletching â here the hen
92:, traditional Korean archery (Kuk Kung), 2009
37:"Archer" redirects here. For other uses, see
3313:. Princeton University Press. Archived from
2616:
2592:
1881:(WA) and is one of the sports in the Summer
1866:. A form particularly popular in Europe and
1299:", meaning an armoured sleeve or badge. The
1134:The most common form of arrow consists of a
131:is the sport, practice, or skill of using a
69:archer competes at Brazil's Indigenous Games
3531:
3297:
2276:
1688:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4985:
4971:
4578:
4564:
4540:
4096:
4082:
4069:USA Archery is the National Governing Body
3784:. World Archery Foundation. Archived from
2473:
2137:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
2128:
1637:In other words, it is shooting "by feel."
1615:Modern archery equipment usually includes
667:taken while grizzly hunting at Yellowstone
488:used mounted archers against the European
387:Archery was highly developed in Asia. The
3582:
3164:
3123:
3086:
2649:
2643:
2363:
2077:Charlton T. Lewis; Charles Short (1879).
2057:
1708:Learn how and when to remove this message
1578:Learn how and when to remove this message
367:in war according to the victory stele of
3955:Berkeley: University of California Press
3885:
3869:Heath, E. G. & Chiara, Vilma (1977)
3838:Elmer, Robert P. (Robert Potter) (1917)
3698:
3010:The Traditional Bowyer's Bible, Volume 4
2625:
2453:1985 Peoples of Prehistoric South Dakota
2241:
1834:
1820:
1769:
1719:
1589:
1410:
1399:
1356:
1282:
1184:
1088:
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784:
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536:
449:
119:
111:
103:
95:
83:
72:
60:
45:
5977:
3920:Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution
3702:Beginner's Guide to Traditional Archery
3626:Nine years among the Indians, 1870â1879
3031:
2718:The National Disaster in Sad Pictures!
2675:Archery Practice in Early Tudor England
2598:
2382:
2247:
2171:
2134:
1631:
1264:
14:
6392:
4482:World University Archery Championships
3928:. Manchester: Simon Archery Foundation
3873:. Manchester: Simon Archery Foundation
3621:
3615:
3505:
3408:
3390:
3384:
3007:
2812:(294). Swansea.academia.edu: 193â208.
2799:
2537:
2206:
2193:
1724:Mongol archers during the time of the
843:(also known as Radheya/son of Radha),
819:, continuing in legends like those of
376:already from the 15th century BC. The
5976:
5037:
4966:
4559:
4077:
3694:
3692:
3669:
3438:
3324:
3205:
3199:
2744:Ancient Society of Kilwinning Archers
2450:
2401:
1043:. Bows can also be classified by the
916:, presiding over aspects of archery;
507:
281:Bows and arrows have been present in
3937:Salem, Massachusetts: Peabody Museum
3923:Lake, Fred & Wright, Hal (1974)
3654:
3648:
3483:. Easton Foundations. Archived from
3378:participating institution membership
3074:
3059:
2044:List of extreme and adventure sports
1686:adding citations to reliable sources
1653:
1560:adding citations to reliable sources
1531:
305:, (c. 10,800â8,300 BC) onwards. The
50:Archery competition in June 1983 at
4031:; Volume 4. The Lyons Press, 2008.
3393:Toxophilus â the School of Shooting
3008:Allely, Steve; et al. (2008),
1019:A Pacific yew selfbow drawn by the
402:
24:
5038:
3832:The Theory and Practice of Archery
3804:
3689:
3630:, University of New Mexico Press,
3415:Strickland, M.; Hardy, R. (2005),
3167:Proceedings of the British Academy
3099:National Field Archery Association
2768:
2513:"People of the Hundred Years' War"
2119:http://www.oed.com:80/Entry/204131
1439:. The opposite hand is called the
966:features in many fictional forms.
630:An archery in the coat of arms of
500:referred to their neighbours, the
439:
226:, Germany and dates from the late
25:
6436:
5905:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
4044:
3934:Additional notes on arrow release
3532:St. Charles, Glenn (March 1996).
2538:Rhoten, Ronald (9 January 2006).
2250:Journal of Archaeological Science
1527:
690:(the author of the seminal text â
638:
250:swamp in Denmark. At the site of
6373:
6363:
5870:Historical European martial arts
4992:
4586:
4539:
4530:
4529:
3113:Traditional Bowyers Encyclopedia
2888:BraneaâBrahma - Projekt Runeberg
2818:10.1111/j.1468-229X.2004.00297.x
2775:Yeomen of the Queen's Body Guard
1658:
1536:
1249:into a bowstring. The author of
1004:
569:Fashionable female archers, 1799
436:becoming part of military lore.
6374:
3770:
3744:
3719:
3663:
3550:
3525:
3499:
3469:
3432:
3350:
3275:
3258:
3223:
3177:
3158:
3146:
3104:
3068:
3064:, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons
3053:
3025:
3001:
2982:
2970:
2945:
2920:
2895:
2881:
2857:
2831:
2793:
2762:
2732:
2712:
2700:
2687:
2667:
2564:
2531:
2505:
2491:
2470:"ć„é©ȘäžćèČèłæć„çšźäŸć°æ°Žçșć±
ć ćæ°ć°æ°ŽèČćșć„œćŒæèŹèČćŒæŻäč"
2459:
2444:
2418:
2395:
2385:American Journal of Archaeology
2376:
2357:
2302:
2293:
1640:
1547:needs additional citations for
1346:
533:18th century revival as a sport
4029:The Traditional Bowyer's Bible
4008:The Traditional Bowyer's Bible
3995:The Traditional Bowyer's Bible
3982:The Traditional Bowyer's Bible
3976:The Traditional Bowyer's Bible
3943:Hunting with the Bow and Arrow
3210:, Hong Kong University Press,
3062:Hunting with the Bow and Arrow
3038:University of California Press
2839:"The Royal Company of Archers"
2650:Hurst III, G. Cameron (1998),
2630:, Cambridge University Press,
2603:, Princeton University Press,
2187:
2097:
2070:
1777:- testing bows, circa 1837 by
1462:
1369:
1124:Types of arrows and fletchings
645:Grand National Archery Society
88:Master Heon Kim demonstrating
13:
1:
3964:New York: Scribner & Sons
3946:New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons
3670:Freel, Tyler (9 April 2019).
3536:. Saint Charles Enterprises.
2903:"Archery results â Pari 1900"
2499:"The Bow In Medieval Warfare"
2050:
1839:A modern compound hunting bow
1093:Modern (takedown) recurve bow
289:culture since its respective
3847:Hansard, George Agar (1841)
3563:Journal of Forensic Sciences
3506:Deprospero, Dan and Jackie.
2157:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102477
1914:Archery Association of India
1455:follow the same convention.
1234:
1212:The fletching may be either
999:
942:
930:
918:
900:
766:
270:, on every continent except
246:known so far comes from the
7:
4103:
3888:American Journal of Physics
3699:Sorrells, Brian J. (2004).
2487:, Handong Global University
1896:
1746:forceâvelocity relationship
1396:Shooting technique and form
1291:Most modern archers wear a
928:), represented distancing,
750:Traditional Bowyer's Bibles
560:George, the Prince of Wales
468:of Central Asia (after the
319:civilizations, notably the
176:Origins and ancient archery
27:Using a bow to shoot arrows
10:
6441:
4143:Modern competitive archery
3969:FITA-Style Archery Targets
3439:Faris, Nabih Amin (2007),
3032:Kroeber, Theodora (2004),
2771:"Royal Company of Archers"
2599:Anthony, David W. (2007),
2485:Korean Traditional Archery
1994:Modern competitive archery
1858:Modern competitive archery
1855:
1852:Modern competitive archery
1814:
1810:
1803:
1649:
1373:
1350:
1268:
1238:
1127:
1008:
948:
936:
924:
908:
494:Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)
470:domestication of the horse
443:
168:
164:
142:. The word comes from the
36:
29:
6359:
6296:
6251:
6181:
6136:
6066:
5987:
5983:
5972:
5918:
5850:
5788:
5693:
5635:
5593:
5465:
5350:
5302:
5245:
5128:
5048:
5044:
5033:
5000:
4940:
4890:
4598:
4525:
4435:
4389:
4306:
4199:
4161:
4111:
3958:Thompson, Maurice (1878)
3559:"The Modern Compound Bow"
3365:Oxford English Dictionary
3244:10.1080/09523360903556824
2957:www.archeryhalloffame.com
2932:www.archeryhalloffame.com
2740:"About Us - Club History"
2654:, Yale University Press,
2626:Di Cosmo, Nicola (2001),
2571:Fehrenbach, Theodore Reed
2270:10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001
2227:10.1017/S0003598X00100134
2183:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006
2115:Oxford English Dictionary
2085:. Oxford. Clarendon Press
709:tribe, a native known as
4148:World Archery Federation
3818:31 December 2021 at the
2865:Suomen kunnallisvaakunat
2414:. University of Catania.
2065:Encyclopaedia of Archery
1753:elastic potential energy
1419:, S.D., 11 October 2012.
1417:Ellsworth Air Force Base
371:. Egyptians referred to
32:Archery (disambiguation)
6102:Former official sports
5530:Northern Praying Mantis
5105:Mainland Southeast Asia
3835:London: Longmans, Green
3812:Philosophies of Archery
3622:Lehman, Herman (1927),
3575:10.1111/1556-4029.13503
3370:Oxford University Press
3206:Selby, Stephen (2000),
2800:Johnes, Martin (2004).
2709:accessed 21at July 2012
2034:List of notable archers
980:Three Kingdoms of Korea
794:Ămile Antoine Bourdelle
725:Boone and Crockett Club
692:The Witchery of Archery
39:Archer (disambiguation)
5941:Professional wrestling
5608:DaitĆ-ryĆ« Aiki-jĆ«jutsu
4223:Austroasiatic crossbow
4153:World Archery Rankings
3914:Klopsteg, Paul (1963)
3391:Ascham, Roger (1545),
2998:Retrieved Dec 11, 2020
2979:Retrieved Dec 11, 2020
2402:Bakas, Spyros (2016).
2123:New English Dictionary
1840:
1832:
1785:
1729:
1601:
1420:
1408:
1405:Historical reenactment
1362:
1288:
1261:, who is then killed.
1194:
1142:at the front end, and
1094:
1024:
796:
782:
778:archery training from
736:
668:
635:
570:
542:
462:
363:were the first to use
242:rather than bows. The
125:
117:
109:
101:
93:
81:
70:
58:
6420:Summer Olympic sports
6037:Demonstration sports
4952:Winter Olympic sports
4880:Greco-Roman wrestling
4592:Summer Olympic sports
3972:Bow and Arrow Targets
3931:Morse, Edward (1922)
3826:, vol.2, 2021, 22â37.
3419:, Sutton Publishing,
3075:Pope, Saxton (1926),
3060:Pope, Saxton (1925),
2729:accessed 21 July 2012
2697:accessed 21 July 2012
2466:Book of the Later Han
2029:List of archery terms
1887:archery novelty games
1838:
1824:
1804:Further information:
1773:
1723:
1593:
1414:
1403:
1360:
1286:
1188:
1092:
1018:
788:
774:
734:
662:
629:
568:
540:
453:
123:
115:
107:
100:Archers in East Timor
99:
87:
76:
64:
49:
6297:Martial arts at the
6252:Martial arts at the
6182:Martial arts at the
6137:Martial arts at the
6117:Invitational sports
6067:Martial arts at the
5988:Martial arts at the
5910:Pencak Silat Harimau
5748:Pencak Silat Harimau
5680:Submission wrestling
5385:Luta Livre esportiva
4891:Discretionary sports
4487:Military World Games
4138:History of crossbows
3949:Pope, Saxton (1918)
3940:Pope, Saxton (1925)
3829:Ford, Horace (1887)
3320:on 25 February 2009.
2725:4 March 2022 at the
2683:10.1093/pastj/gtq029
2519:on 29 September 2022
2451:Zimmerman, Larry J.
2289:10.15184/aqy.2018.11
1682:improve this section
1632:Instinctive shooting
1556:improve this article
1376:Stabiliser (archery)
1265:Protective equipment
1107:Holless Wilbur Allen
902:Nymphai Hyperboreioi
647:meeting was held in
492:, especially at the
478:archery on horseback
30:For other uses, see
5978:International games
5660:Full contact karate
5650:Professional boxing
5365:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
4875:Freestyle wrestling
4771:Rhythmic gymnastics
4766:Artistic gymnastics
4455:World Championships
3900:1943AmJPh..11..175K
3705:. Stackpole Books.
3655:Bear, Fred (1980),
3487:on 30 December 2016
3466:(1952), pp. 345â349
3368:(Online ed.).
3338:on 8 September 2008
3081:G. P. Putnam's Sons
3012:, The Lyons Press,
2994:8 July 2020 at the
2845:on 25 November 2012
2432:on 20 December 2016
2335:10.1038/nature16477
2327:2016Natur.529..394L
2262:2011JArSc..38.1918L
2149:2020JArSR..33j2477L
1779:Alfred Jacob Miller
1407:of medieval archery
1176:composite materials
958:and his apprentice
940:), trajectory, and
790:Herakles the Archer
721:Pope and Young Club
694:â) and his brother
681:1900 Paris Olympics
521:success during the
512:The development of
430:Battle of Agincourt
6140:Pan American Games
5817:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
5728:JieitaikakutĆjutsu
5665:Mixed martial arts
4059:Paralympic archery
4010:; Volume 3. 1994.
3997:; Volume 2. 1992.
3984:; Volume 1. 1992.
3853:London: H. G. Bohn
3657:The Archer's Bible
3283:"99% Let Off Bows"
3155:, Fine Art America
2750:on 2 February 2017
2548:10.2514/6.2006-775
1841:
1833:
1786:
1783:Walters Art Museum
1757:elastic hysteresis
1730:
1602:
1421:
1409:
1363:
1289:
1259:Gunnar HĂĄmundarson
1195:
1095:
1025:
909:ÎÏÎŒÏαÎč áœÏΔÏÎČÏÏΔÎčÎżÎč
797:
783:
737:
669:
636:
571:
543:
523:Hundred Years' War
508:Decline of archery
463:
391:term for archery,
369:Naram-Sin of Akkad
171:History of archery
126:
118:
110:
102:
94:
82:
71:
59:
18:Paralympic Archery
6387:
6386:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6350:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5931:Martial arts film
4960:
4959:
4948:Paralympic sports
4793:Modern pentathlon
4621:Marathon Swimming
4553:
4552:
4179:Ballista elephant
4037:978-0-9645741-6-8
3908:10.1119/1.1990474
3788:on 18 August 2016
3758:on 5 January 2015
3712:978-0-8117-3133-1
3376:(Subscription or
3285:. Concept Archery
2769:Norton, William.
2321:(7586): 394â398.
1718:
1717:
1710:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1510:trapezius muscles
1061:Cable-backed bows
285:and neighbouring
213:Ahrensburg valley
186:Upper Paleolithic
116:Archery in Bhutan
16:(Redirected from
6432:
6425:Medieval archery
6415:Precision sports
6377:
6376:
6367:
5985:
5984:
5974:
5973:
5046:
5045:
5035:
5034:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4964:
4963:
4858:Beach volleyball
4599:Mandatory sports
4590:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4557:
4556:
4543:
4542:
4533:
4532:
4341:Cresting machine
4228:Cable-backed bow
4169:Archer's paradox
4098:
4091:
4084:
4075:
4074:
4053:at Archery Topic
3911:
3876:Johnes, Martin.
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3754:. Archived from
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3629:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3586:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3481:Discover Archery
3473:
3467:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3417:The Great Warbow
3412:
3406:
3405:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3373:
3361:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3312:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3279:
3273:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3127:
3121:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3005:
2999:
2988:Geneva Archery.
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2841:. Archived from
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2781:on 31 March 2017
2777:. Archived from
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2746:. Archived from
2736:
2730:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2691:
2685:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2596:
2590:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2480:
2471:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2428:. Archived from
2422:
2416:
2415:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2291:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2256:(8): 1918â1930.
2245:
2239:
2238:
2221:(325): 635â648.
2210:
2204:
2203:
2191:
2185:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2132:
2126:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2074:
2068:
2061:
1954:Bigâgame hunting
1883:Paralympic Games
1806:Archer's paradox
1791:archer's paradox
1726:Mongol conquests
1713:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1662:
1654:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1540:
1532:
1447:. Terms such as
1435:and its arm the
1337:Japanese archery
1330:, but also with
1084:Japanese archery
951:
950:
945:
939:
938:
933:
927:
926:
921:
911:
910:
905:
761:Kongsberg attack
728:
688:Maurice Thompson
586:with titles and
432:resulted in the
403:Medieval archery
303:Natufian culture
297:origins. In the
221:
210:
198:Grotte du Bichon
196:points found in
21:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6410:Hunting methods
6390:
6389:
6388:
6383:
6347:
6298:
6292:
6253:
6247:
6183:
6177:
6138:
6132:
6068:
6062:
5991:Summer Olympics
5989:
5979:
5960:
5914:
5846:
5784:
5698:
5689:
5640:
5631:
5589:
5585:Yoshukai Karate
5545:Shaolin kung fu
5461:
5346:
5322:Practice weapon
5298:
5241:
5131:
5124:
5050:Regional origin
5040:
5029:
4996:
4991:
4961:
4956:
4936:
4886:
4702:Mountain biking
4594:
4584:
4554:
4549:
4521:
4431:
4385:
4302:
4248:English longbow
4208:
4195:
4174:Mounted archery
4157:
4107:
4102:
4047:
3824:Popular Inquiry
3820:Wayback Machine
3810:Enea Bianchi, â
3807:
3805:Further reading
3802:
3801:
3791:
3789:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3713:
3697:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3668:
3664:
3653:
3649:
3638:
3620:
3616:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3534:Billets to Bows
3530:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3512:Meishin Kyudojo
3504:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3317:
3310:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3263:
3259:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3208:Chinese Archery
3204:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3163:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3128:
3124:
3110:Bertalan, Dan.
3109:
3105:
3091:
3087:
3073:
3069:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3006:
3002:
2996:Wayback Machine
2987:
2983:
2975:
2971:
2961:
2959:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2727:Wayback Machine
2717:
2713:
2705:
2701:
2692:
2688:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2624:
2617:
2611:
2597:
2593:
2569:
2565:
2558:
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2497:
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2474:
2464:
2460:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2426:"Bow Evolution"
2424:
2423:
2419:
2400:
2396:
2381:
2377:
2366:Iranica Antiqua
2362:
2358:
2307:
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2129:
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2098:
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2075:
2071:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2024:Turkish archery
1999:Mounted archery
1899:
1860:
1854:
1829:hunter-gatherer
1819:
1813:
1808:
1714:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1679:
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1652:
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1634:
1584:
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1281:
1269:Main articles:
1267:
1243:
1237:
1168:aluminium alloy
1132:
1126:
1104:
1080:Turkish archery
1013:
1007:
1002:
978:kingdom of the
835:and Babylonian
815:, the Germanic
769:
718:
641:
617:'s 1819 novel,
607:Napoleonic Wars
535:
510:
472:) and American
448:
446:Mounted archery
442:
440:Mounted archery
434:English longbow
426:Battle of Crecy
405:
382:Battle of Crécy
215:
204:
178:
173:
167:
124:Archer in Benin
108:Japanese archer
52:Mönchengladbach
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6438:
6428:
6427:
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6360:
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6310:
6304:
6302:
6300:European Games
6294:
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6280:
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6080:
6074:
6072:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6046:Pistol dueling
6043:
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6021:
6016:
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5981:
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5877:
5875:Huiyen Lallong
5872:
5867:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5832:Shorinji Kempo
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5802:American Kenpo
5798:
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5786:
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5599:
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5588:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5535:Russian boxing
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5471:
5469:
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5460:
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5437:
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5407:
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5387:
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5362:
5356:
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5348:
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5329:
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5319:
5314:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5282:Ranged weapons
5279:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5270:Stick-fighting
5267:
5265:Knife fighting
5257:
5251:
5249:
5243:
5242:
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5232:
5227:
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5217:
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5097:
5096:
5095:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5042:
5041:
5039:Classification
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5005:List of styles
5001:
4998:
4997:
4990:
4989:
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4975:
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4825:
4823:Sport climbing
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4716:
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4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4684:
4683:
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4677:
4667:
4662:
4661:
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4602:
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4575:
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4507:
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4497:
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4474:
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4464:
4463:
4462:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4427:Target archery
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
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4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4263:Holmegaard bow
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4197:
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4188:
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4181:
4171:
4165:
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4159:
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4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4101:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4055:
4054:
4046:
4045:External links
4043:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4026:
4005:
3992:
3973:
3965:
3956:
3947:
3938:
3929:
3921:
3912:
3894:(4): 175â192.
3883:
3882:, 89, 193â208.
3874:
3867:
3854:
3845:
3836:
3827:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3778:"Para Archery"
3769:
3743:
3718:
3711:
3688:
3662:
3647:
3636:
3614:
3584:2027.42/141095
3569:(1): 130â139.
3549:
3543:978-0965139403
3542:
3524:
3498:
3468:
3464:Target Archery
3455:
3450:978-1432628833
3449:
3431:
3426:978-0750931670
3425:
3407:
3402:978-1846643699
3401:
3395:, Read Books,
3383:
3349:
3323:
3296:
3274:
3272:. Ottawa 1975.
3257:
3238:(3): 523â536.
3222:
3217:978-9622095014
3216:
3198:
3176:
3157:
3145:
3122:
3120:, 2007. p. 73.
3103:
3085:
3067:
3052:
3047:978-0520240377
3046:
3024:
3019:978-0964574168
3018:
3000:
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2969:
2944:
2919:
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2880:
2873:
2856:
2830:
2792:
2761:
2731:
2711:
2699:
2686:
2666:
2660:
2642:
2637:978-0521770644
2636:
2615:
2610:978-0691058870
2609:
2591:
2563:
2557:978-1624100390
2556:
2530:
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2490:
2472:
2458:
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2394:
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2356:
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2055:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2019:Target archery
2016:
2014:Sport of Kings
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1949:Game (hunting)
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1891:flight archery
1864:target archery
1856:Main article:
1853:
1850:
1815:Main article:
1812:
1809:
1734:kinetic energy
1716:
1715:
1666:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1625:proprioception
1586:
1585:
1544:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1528:Aiming methods
1526:
1522:follow through
1464:
1461:
1397:
1394:
1374:Main article:
1371:
1368:
1351:Main article:
1348:
1345:
1266:
1263:
1239:Main article:
1236:
1233:
1203:three-fletched
1193:are barred red
1128:Main article:
1125:
1122:
1102:
1041:composite bows
1037:laminated bows
1009:Main article:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
768:
765:
654:Horace A. Ford
640:
639:A modern sport
637:
588:laurel wreaths
576:21-gun salutes
534:
531:
509:
506:
474:Plains Indians
458:, engraved by
444:Main article:
441:
438:
404:
401:
365:composite bows
256:Turkana County
240:spear-throwers
177:
174:
169:Main article:
166:
163:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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6258:
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6255:African Games
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5926:Fighting game
5924:
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5919:Entertainment
5917:
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5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
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5890:Krabiâkrabong
5888:
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5885:Kalaripayattu
5883:
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5675:Shootfighting
5673:
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5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
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5653:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5645:
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5642:combat sports
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5598:
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5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5570:Tien Shan Pai
5568:
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5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5495:Choi Kwang-Do
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5464:
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5408:
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5361:
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5332:Pushing hands
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5283:
5280:
5276:
5275:Swordsmanship
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5260:Melee weapons
5258:
5256:
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5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5036:
5032:
5026:
5025:Hard and soft
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4988:
4983:
4981:
4976:
4974:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4939:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:Flag football
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4865:Weightlifting
4863:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4818:Skateboarding
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4713:
4712:Track cycling
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4697:Freestyle BMX
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4581:
4576:
4574:
4569:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4546:
4538:
4536:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4417:Field archery
4415:
4413:
4412:Clout archery
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4356:Flu-flu arrow
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4268:Laminated bow
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4233:Composite bow
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4087:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4024:1-55821-311-2
4021:
4017:
4016:1-58574-087-X
4013:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:1-58574-086-1
4000:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:1-58574-085-3
3987:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3927:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3858:
3857:Hargrove, Ely
3855:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3787:
3783:
3782:World Archery
3779:
3773:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3714:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3695:
3693:
3677:
3673:
3666:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3639:
3637:0-8263-1417-1
3633:
3628:
3627:
3618:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3465:
3462:Elmer, R. P.
3459:
3452:
3446:
3443:, Kessinger,
3442:
3435:
3428:
3422:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3353:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3316:
3309:
3308:
3300:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3186:
3180:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3149:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3015:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2973:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2889:
2884:
2876:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2765:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2715:
2708:
2703:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2673:Steven Gunn,
2670:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2559:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2500:
2494:
2486:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2454:
2447:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:Field archery
1972:
1970:
1969:Clout archery
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:Big five game
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Bow and arrow
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1879:World Archery
1875:
1873:
1872:field archery
1869:
1865:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1775:Snake Indians
1772:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1712:
1709:
1701:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1667:This section
1665:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1597:Hokusai Manga
1592:
1582:
1579:
1571:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1545:This section
1543:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1469:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1402:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1367:
1359:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1332:special rings
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1301:Navajo people
1298:
1294:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1207:four-fletched
1204:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1118:siege engines
1115:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1098:Compound bows
1091:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1011:Bow and arrow
1005:Types of bows
997:
995:
991:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
956:Yi the archer
953:
944:
932:
920:
915:
904:
903:
896:
894:
889:
885:
881:
877:
876:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
795:
791:
787:
781:
777:
773:
764:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
733:
729:
726:
722:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
696:Will Thompson
693:
689:
684:
682:
678:
674:
666:
661:
657:
655:
650:
646:
633:
628:
624:
622:
621:
616:
612:
611:preindustrial
608:
603:
601:
598:
594:
589:
585:
582:
577:
567:
563:
561:
557:
553:
548:
539:
530:
528:
524:
519:
518:bow and arrow
516:rendered the
515:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:First Crusade
487:
483:
482:composite bow
479:
475:
471:
467:
461:
457:
452:
447:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
411:
400:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
378:Welsh longbow
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:spear-thrower
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
219:
214:
208:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
172:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
138:
134:
130:
122:
114:
106:
98:
91:
86:
79:
75:
68:
63:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
6236:Pencak silat
5946:Stage combat
5900:Mardani khel
5822:Jeet Kune Do
5780:Silat Melayu
5743:Pencak silat
5695:Self-defense
5637:Full contact
5624:
5612:
5550:Shoot boxing
5490:Chess boxing
5390:Malla-yuddha
5327:Punching bag
5317:Boxing glove
5286:
5174:Leg strikes
5153:Elbow strike
5139:Arm strikes
4994:Martial arts
4944:
4833:Table tennis
4803:Rugby sevens
4776:Trampolining
4746:Field hockey
4734:Show jumping
4707:Road cycling
4680:Canoe sprint
4675:Canoe slalom
4637:
4491:Continental
4436:Competitions
4293:Takedown bow
4238:Compound bow
4104:
4028:
4007:
3994:
3981:
3975:
3968:
3960:
3952:Yahi Archery
3951:
3942:
3933:
3924:
3916:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3870:
3861:
3849:
3840:
3831:
3823:
3790:. Retrieved
3786:the original
3781:
3772:
3760:. Retrieved
3756:the original
3746:
3734:. Retrieved
3730:
3721:
3701:
3679:. Retrieved
3676:Outdoor Life
3675:
3665:
3656:
3650:
3641:
3625:
3617:
3566:
3562:
3552:
3533:
3527:
3515:. Retrieved
3511:
3501:
3489:. Retrieved
3485:the original
3480:
3471:
3463:
3458:
3441:Arab Archery
3440:
3434:
3416:
3410:
3392:
3386:
3363:
3352:
3340:. Retrieved
3336:the original
3326:
3315:the original
3306:
3299:
3287:. Retrieved
3277:
3260:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3207:
3201:
3189:. Retrieved
3179:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3125:
3117:
3111:
3106:
3094:
3088:
3079:, New York:
3076:
3070:
3061:
3055:
3036:, Berkeley:
3033:
3027:
3009:
3003:
2984:
2972:
2960:. Retrieved
2956:
2947:
2935:. Retrieved
2931:
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2906:
2897:
2891:(in Finnish)
2883:
2864:
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2843:the original
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2809:
2805:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2779:the original
2774:
2764:
2752:. Retrieved
2748:the original
2743:
2734:
2714:
2702:
2689:
2674:
2669:
2651:
2645:
2627:
2600:
2594:
2566:
2539:
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2517:the original
2507:
2493:
2484:
2461:
2452:
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2430:the original
2420:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2295:
2278:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2173:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2111:Roger Ascham
2104:
2099:
2089:23 September
2087:. Retrieved
2082:
2072:
2064:
2059:
1909:Arab archery
1876:
1861:
1842:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1761:
1750:
1731:
1704:
1695:
1680:Please help
1668:
1644:
1641:Gap shooting
1635:
1621:
1614:
1606:
1603:
1595:
1574:
1565:
1554:Please help
1549:verification
1546:
1521:
1515:
1507:
1503:Jang Yong-Ho
1499:anchor point
1498:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1453:string elbow
1452:
1449:bow shoulder
1448:
1444:
1441:drawing hand
1440:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1364:
1347:Release aids
1328:Arab Archery
1327:
1325:
1319:, glove, or
1314:
1310:Roger Ascham
1290:
1251:Arab Archery
1250:
1244:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1180:
1172:carbon fiber
1133:
1111:
1096:
1076:Arab archery
1073:
1030:
1026:
1021:split finger
1020:
987:West African
984:
970:, the first
954:
897:
892:
887:
873:
821:Wilhelm Tell
807:, the Roman
798:
789:
758:
749:
746:compound bow
738:
704:
685:
670:
642:
618:
615:Walter Scott
604:
597:middle class
572:
556:Ashton Lever
544:
527:the Americas
511:
486:Seljuk Turks
464:
419:
406:
386:
315:
280:
179:
158:
154:
150:
146:
128:
127:
80:archer, 1938
56:West Germany
43:
6405:Competition
6185:Asian Games
6070:World Games
6032:Greco-Roman
5852:Battlefield
5812:Chun Kuk Do
5755:Suffrajitsu
5565:Tang Soo Do
5440:Greco-Roman
5193:Knee strike
5110:Philippines
4477:Universiade
4472:Paralympics
4361:Release aid
4283:Recurve bow
4191:Run archery
3762:12 February
3731:Docstoc.com
3187:. Theoi.com
2907:olympic.org
2849:17 December
2436:12 December
2004:Run archery
1846:bow fishing
1831:in Tanzania
1817:Bow hunting
1486:Instinctive
1463:Modern form
1445:string hand
1370:Stabilizers
1361:Release aid
1353:Release aid
1255:NjĂĄl's saga
1049:recurve bow
875:Mahabharata
831:. Armenian
776:Vishwamitra
715:Saxton Pope
707:Yahi Indian
665:Saxton Pope
663:Picture of
600:bourgeoisie
552:aristocracy
498:Han dynasty
393:dhanurvidya
291:predynastic
272:Australasia
268:projectiles
244:oldest bows
228:Paleolithic
216: [
205: [
182:Sibudu Cave
159:toxophilite
6394:Categories
6227:2018 Only
6088:Kickboxing
5842:Qwan Ki Do
5770:To-Shin Do
5700:combatives
5670:Pankration
5655:Kickboxing
5626:Xingyiquan
5614:Baguazhang
5580:Wudangquan
5510:Kickboxing
5405:Shuai jiao
5215:Joint lock
5132:techniques
4853:Volleyball
4761:Gymnastics
4719:Equestrian
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4653:Basketball
4631:Water polo
4402:Bowhunting
4397:Bowfishing
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4346:Finger tab
4278:Mongol bow
3792:24 January
3752:"About Us"
3517:24 January
3491:24 January
3380:required.)
3173:: 267â286.
3138:15 October
2962:7 February
2937:7 February
2874:9517730853
2785:24 January
2754:24 January
2661:0300049676
2587:1400030498
2579:0394488563
2143:: 102477.
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2051:References
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1944:Bowhunting
1934:Bowfishing
1919:3D archery
1765:dry firing
1698:March 2011
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6173:Wrestling
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6111:Taekwondo
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5775:Wing Chun
5733:Krav Maga
5723:Kajukenbo
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5515:Kun Khmer
5445:Mongolian
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5374:Para judo
5352:Grappling
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4848:Triathlon
4838:Taekwondo
4648:Badminton
4643:Athletics
4467:World Cup
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5790:Eclectic
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4545:Glossary
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4422:Popinjay
4288:Self bow
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3609:46806116
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2992:Archived
2823:26 March
2723:Archived
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4808:Sailing
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3681:22 July
3643:time...
3332:"Ketoh"
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2806:History
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