334:
may last 2–3 weeks in some individuals. The spectrum varies from mild and infrequent attacks to episodes so frequent that they prevent regular school attendance. Treatment of individual infections may prevent injury to the gland parenchyma. In the past, the disease was treated with aggressive surgical interventions such as
Stensen’s duct ligation, superficial or total parotidectomy, and tympanic neurectomy. Nowadays, the disease is managed with sialendoscopic procedure. The sialendoscopy as a relatively safe and minimally invasive technique with a significant impact on the reduction of acute relapse episodes, has immense diagnostic and therapeutic potential in management of juvenile recurrent parotitis.
67:
189:, a single-stranded RNA virus. Common symptoms include fever, headache and bilateral or unilateral parotitis (swelling of the parotid gland on one or both sides of the face). The parotid gland is usually swollen and tender. Parotid swelling usually occurs 16–18 days after exposure to the virus. Treatment includes isolation and therefore prevention of spread of the disease and supportive measures such as hot or cold packs. Mumps usually resolves itself and can be prevented by vaccination.
29:
43:
171:, long term steroid use, HIV infection and kidney failure. Those infected tend to have enlarged, nontender, but moderately painful glands. The diagnosis is made by typical chest radiograph findings, cultures, or histologic diagnosis after the gland has been removed. When diagnosed and treated with antitubercular medications, the gland may return to normal in 1–3 months.
259:. The disease most commonly appears in people aged 40–60 years, but it may affect small children. In Sjögren syndrome, the prevalence of parotitis in women versus men is approximately 9:1. The involved parotid gland is enlarged and tender at times. The cause is unknown. The syndrome is often characterized by excessive dryness in the eyes, mouth, nose, vagina, and skin.
783:
Terumi
Kamisawa; Satomi Kasashima; Shigeyuki Kawa; Mitsuhiro Kawano; Yasufumi Masaki; Kenji Notohara; Kazuichi Okazaki; Ji Kon Ryu; Takako Saeki; Dushyant Sahani; Yasuharu Sato; Thomas Smyrk; James R. Stone; Masayuki Takahira; Hisanori Umehara; George Webster; Motohisa Yamamoto; Eunhee Yi; Tadashi Yoshino; Giuseppe Zamboni; Yoh Zen; Suresh Chari (October 2012).
380:(IgG4-RD) involving any of the major salivary glands, i.e. parotid or submandibular glands. This is often symmetrical and is usually associated with manifestations of IgG4-RD elsewhere in the body. IgG4-related sialadenitis is particularly associated with involvement of one or both of the lacrimal glands (referred to as IgG4-related dacryo-sialadenitis).
292:, but do not indicate any kind of calcium disorder. Other causes can be duct stricture (narrowing of the duct), infection or injury. Symptoms may include recurrent swelling, pain and aggravation during eating as this is when saliva production is stimulated. Ductal obstruction may cause less saliva flow, which can result in recurrent gland infections.
444:'s volume) can present as facial swelling in the parotid gland area and may be confused with 'true' parotid gland swelling. The specific cause of masseteric hypertrophy is still unclear, but it may be related to tooth grinding or malocclusion. Treatment options can include surgical removal of some of the muscle and botulinum toxin type A injections.
782:
John H. Stone; Arezou
Khosroshahi; Vikram Deshpande; John K. C. Chan; J. Godfrey Heathcote; Rob Aalberse; Atsushi Azumi; Donald B. Bloch; William R. Brugge; Mollie N. Carruthers; Wah Cheuk; Lynn Cornell; Carlos Fernandez-Del Castillo; Judith A. Ferry; David Forcione; Günter Klöppe; Daniel L. Hamilos;
423:
Parotid gland swelling is a common feature of self-induced vomiting. This swelling usually develops 3–4 days after the stopping of chronic excessive self-induced vomiting. The swelling is bilateral, with little tenderness. Causes are not well understood. Ideal treatment should be preventative and can
333:
The disease is also knows as juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP). An uncommon syndrome in which recurring episodes clinically resembling mumps. Generally, episodes begin by age 5 years, and the frequency of the episodes generally ceases after the puberty. The duration of attacks averages 3–7 days but
135:
bacteria. Parotitis presents as swelling at the angle of the jaw. Bacterial parotitis presents as a unilateral swelling, where the gland is swollen and tender and usually produces pus at the
Stensen's duct. This pus is usually sampled and the bacteria within are identified. Common causative bacteria
326:
This term is generally used for patients in whom no definite cause is found. Episodes may last for several days, paralleling the time course of a bacterial or viral illness. Others may experience episodes that last only a few hours from onset to resolution. Some episodes may last for several weeks.
396:
Air within the ducts of the parotid gland with or without inflammation. The duct orifice normally functions as a valve to prevent air from entering the gland from a pressurized oral cavity. Rarely, an incompetent valve allows insufflation of air into the duct system. Pneumoparotitis most commonly
340:
In this disorder, both parotid glands may be diffusely enlarged with only modest symptoms. Patients are aged 20–60 years at onset, and the sexes are equally involved. The glands are soft and non-tender. Approximately half of the patients have endocrine disorders such as diabetes, nutritional
162:
can also cause parotid infection. Parotid swelling can be an uncommon symptom of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB outside of the lungs). The usual symptoms are a cough, fever, weight loss, shortness of breath, chest pain, tiredness and chills. This is caused by the bacteria
387:, now considered to be a subtype of IgG4-related disease, was a term used when (i) any two of the parotid, submandibular and lacrimal glands were persistently and symmetrically enlarged and (ii) other diseases that may mimic this presentation were excluded.
400:
Several lymph nodes reside within the parotid gland as a superficial and deep group of nodes. These nodes may be involved with any process that affects lymph nodes, including bacterial, fungal, viral, and neoplastic processes. Rarely, drugs such as
99:
From Greek παρωτῖτις (νόσος), parōtĩtis (nósos) : (disease of the) parotid gland < παρωτίς (stem παρωτιδ-) : (gland) behind the ear < παρά - pará : behind, and οὖς - ous (stem ὠτ-, ōt-) : ear.
944:
929:
203:, but the localized enlargement of the parotid gland is less well known. HIV-associated salivary gland disease can involve many diseases but often presents as enlargement of the parotid gland and a
358:
The lungs, skin, and lymph nodes are most often affected, but the salivary glands are involved in approximately 10% of cases. Bilateral firm, smooth, and non-tender parotid enlargement is classic.
140:. It is associated with poor oral hygiene; oral infections and decreased saliva production. Symptoms include fever, dehydration, chills, fast heartbeat and breathing if the infection is causing
2116:
875:
Pary, Augusto; Pary, Katyuscia (2011). "Masseteric
Hypertrophy: Considerations Regarding Treatment Planning Decisions and Introduction of a Novel Surgical Technique".
2190:
2175:
1879:
1867:
265:
Most frequently associated with a circumscribed tumor with the histologic features of Sjögren syndrome. This designation has also fallen out of favour.
207:. Causes have not been specifically identified but the most likely are viral opportunists and autoimmune responses. Viruses linked to this can include;
2372:
167:. TB can also affect the heart, thyroid and adrenal glands but the main site of infection is the lungs. Risk factors are chronic alcohol consumption,
315:. Lithotripsy can now be used on salivary stones as well. Ultrasound waves break up the stones, and the fragments flush out of the salivary duct.
1419:
1233:
424:
involve medication that increases saliva production (sialagogues), anti-inflammatory medication and the application of hot packs. Occasionally
273:
Blockage of the main parotid duct, or one of its branches, is often a primary cause of acute parotitis, with further inflammation secondary to
2377:
2439:
688:
Yu, Chuangqi; Zheng, Lingyan; Yang, Chi; Shen, Ning (2008). "Causes of chronic obstructive parotitis and management by sialoendoscopy".
515:
Templer JW, MD, Professor of
Otolaryngology, University of Missouri Medical Center at Columbia. Parotitis: Overview, Accessed 03/04/2009
626:
1031:
185:
have dropped the incidence of mumps to a very low level. Mumps resolves on its own in about ten days. A viral infection caused by
3004:
2202:
2153:
60:
91:
located on either side of the face, in humans. The parotid gland is the salivary gland most commonly affected by inflammation.
2015:
2687:
2530:
563:
Bockelman, Chelsea; Frawley, Thomas C.; Long, Brit; Koyfman, Alex (2018). "Mumps: An
Emergency Medicine-Focused Update".
1804:
1288:
671:
3029:
2931:
1564:
2906:
2843:
2838:
2720:
2148:
2128:
1040:
2752:
2389:
1843:
598:
Islam, Nadim M.; Bhattacharyya, Indraneel; Cohen, Donald M. (2012). "Salivary gland pathology in HIV patients".
2737:
2572:
3034:
2577:
785:"Recommendations for the nomenclature of IgG4-related disease and its individual organ system manifestations"
625:
Wheat, Lawrence Joseph; Slama, T. G.; Eitzen, H. E.; Kohler, R. B.; French, M. L.; Biesecker, J. L. (1981).
2440:
2101:
1710:
1414:
1399:
1337:
1283:
1206:
1024:
2629:
2592:
2322:
1603:
1515:
789:
2639:
2587:
2394:
2327:
2096:
1596:
1591:
1542:
164:
241:
outbreak (est. 100,000 victims) in
Indianapolis from 1978 to 1979, manifestations included parotitis.
2644:
2362:
2266:
1737:
1201:
307:. Stones may be removed by manipulation in the doctor's office, or, in the worst cases, by surgery.
66:
3044:
2951:
2730:
2715:
2411:
2367:
2312:
2185:
2143:
1911:
1757:
963:
477:
2784:
256:
2848:
2649:
2614:
2307:
2111:
1891:
1732:
1678:
1608:
1530:
1510:
1497:
1474:
1017:
304:
249:
These are also collectively known as chronic punctate parotitis or chronic autoimmune parotitis.
3039:
2994:
2961:
2634:
2624:
2619:
2561:
2488:
2444:
2340:
2335:
2121:
1951:
1946:
1921:
1767:
1698:
1525:
1434:
1352:
1079:
228:
116:
This is a common, non-infectious cause of parotitis. It may occur in elderly or after surgery.
1342:
781:
725:"Sialendoscopy in Management of Juvenile Recurrent Parotitis—A Single Centre Experience"
382:
2803:
2705:
2317:
2195:
2057:
2016:
1816:
1618:
1552:
1479:
128:
2901:
2802:
2540:
2525:
2091:
2024:
1630:
1362:
377:
8:
2956:
2692:
2672:
2662:
2535:
2468:
2350:
2345:
2271:
2170:
1823:
1747:
1586:
1535:
1484:
1464:
1377:
1367:
1293:
1268:
1126:
948:
413:, isoproterenol, heavy metals, sulfisoxazole, and phenothiazines cause parotid swelling.
300:
513:
2999:
2946:
2921:
2853:
2657:
2582:
2473:
2421:
2382:
2079:
1995:
1926:
1635:
1459:
1439:
1392:
1278:
1223:
1186:
1176:
1161:
1091:
811:
784:
759:
724:
363:
255:
Chronic inflammation of the salivary glands may also be an autoimmune disease known as
957:
953:
541:
528:
Henderson, S.O; Mallon, W.K (1995). "Tuberculosis as the Cause of
Diffuse Parotitis".
2697:
2286:
2251:
2225:
2084:
1980:
1838:
1762:
1469:
1409:
1372:
1347:
1196:
1074:
1069:
974:
892:
857:
816:
764:
746:
705:
646:
580:
545:
220:
208:
168:
55:
2667:
2302:
2292:
2256:
2165:
1916:
1855:
1789:
1779:
1727:
1625:
1520:
1357:
1009:
884:
847:
806:
798:
754:
736:
697:
638:
607:
576:
572:
537:
137:
701:
2823:
2609:
2404:
2297:
2133:
2052:
2032:
1956:
1941:
1811:
1715:
1683:
1654:
1576:
1502:
1298:
1181:
1171:
1116:
1101:
968:
852:
835:
675:
441:
418:
391:
216:
212:
196:
186:
611:
284:
plug, or, more rarely, by a tumor, usually benign. Salivary stones (also called
2989:
2941:
2911:
2779:
2710:
2677:
2399:
2138:
1872:
1752:
1547:
1332:
1145:
888:
642:
406:
285:
277:
238:
88:
979:
690:
Oral
Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology
311:, also known as "shock wave" treatment, is best known for its use breaking up
3023:
2891:
2769:
2597:
2416:
2180:
2160:
2069:
1936:
1896:
1693:
1454:
1429:
1404:
1382:
1166:
1156:
1121:
750:
668:
145:
84:
1004:
938:
741:
2742:
2518:
2513:
2498:
2478:
2448:
2281:
1990:
1931:
1862:
1784:
1774:
1742:
1705:
1666:
1658:
1273:
1228:
1213:
1111:
1106:
896:
861:
820:
768:
709:
584:
370:
with parotid enlargement, fever, anterior uveitis, and facial nerve palsy.
349:, or have taken drugs such as guanethidine, thioridazine, or isoprenaline.
312:
224:
159:
80:
2878:
650:
549:
2936:
2926:
2916:
2833:
2828:
2759:
1833:
1794:
1613:
1489:
1449:
1317:
1238:
1218:
437:
425:
367:
353:
346:
308:
28:
921:
327:
Quiescent periods between episodes last for hours, days, or even years.
2896:
2682:
2508:
2276:
2106:
2047:
1985:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1901:
1884:
1828:
1799:
1720:
1581:
1559:
1444:
1424:
723:
Pušnik, Luka; Jerman, Anže; Urbančič, Jure; Aničin, Aleksandar (2022).
410:
359:
204:
802:
2764:
2483:
2261:
2064:
1688:
1571:
1191:
1086:
1064:
985:
132:
397:
occurs in wind instrument players, glass blowers, and scuba divers.
36:
Pouting of opening of Stensen's duct, which may be seen in parotitis
2774:
2725:
2493:
2246:
2227:
2207:
2028:
1906:
1850:
1096:
834:
Westmoreland, Patricia; Krantz, Mori J.; Mehler, Philip S. (2016).
452:
Serum and urinary amylase rise during the first week of parotitis.
342:
274:
149:
2860:
2818:
2503:
2463:
2357:
2231:
2020:
1387:
990:
289:
182:
2602:
2074:
1662:
1257:
933:
402:
152:
can be predisposing factors. Treatment is usually antibiotics.
141:
627:"A Large Urban Outbreak of Histoplasmosis: Clinical Features"
296:
281:
178:
562:
722:
42:
1053:
200:
833:
836:"Medical Complications of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia"
597:
624:
136:
are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and
1039:
911:
2453:Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
1316:
127:is most often caused by a bacterial infection of
3021:
1653:
460:Treatment is based on lab investigation report.
288:, or salivary duct calculus) are mainly made of
2808:Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
687:
527:
280:. The blockage may be from a salivary stone, a
1420:Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
2378:Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis
1025:
775:
177:The most common viral cause of parotitis is
1032:
1018:
428:can be used to help resolve the swelling.
65:
41:
27:
877:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
851:
810:
758:
740:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
431:
156:Parotitis as extrapulmonary tuberculosis:
874:
669:Salivary Gland Stones (Salivary Calculi)
3005:Oral manifestations of systemic disease
2154:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
664:
662:
660:
3022:
2191:As a manifestation of systemic disease
496:
299:(with a success rate of about 80%), a
2978:
2877:
2801:
2559:
2438:
2224:
2014:
1652:
1315:
1255:
1143:
1051:
1013:
2037:Gums and tooth-supporting structures
657:
523:
521:
2688:Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
2560:
2531:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
13:
1805:Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis
1289:Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
263:Lymphoepithelial lesion of Godwin:
237:During a large urban disseminated
14:
3056:
907:
565:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
518:
331:Recurrent parotitis of childhood:
2907:Cutaneous sinus of dental origin
2844:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
2839:Central hypoventilation syndrome
2721:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
2149:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
2129:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
1041:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
840:The American Journal of Medicine
2753:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
2390:Osteoporotic bone marrow defect
1844:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour
868:
827:
2738:Sclerosing polycystic adenosis
2573:Benign lymphoepithelial lesion
716:
681:
618:
591:
577:10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.08.037
556:
470:
364:Heerfordt-Waldenstrom syndrome
324:Chronic nonspecific parotitis:
199:has long been associated with
175:Acute viral parotitis (mumps):
108:
1:
2932:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
2881:Soft tissues around the mouth
2578:Ectopic salivary gland tissue
702:10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.08.008
542:10.1016/S0196-0644(95)70089-7
463:
244:
158:The mycobacterium that cause
119:
2102:Gingival cyst of the newborn
1711:Failure of eruption of teeth
1415:Hand, foot and mouth disease
1400:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
1338:Angina bullosa haemorrhagica
1284:Palatal cysts of the newborn
1207:Transient lingual papillitis
853:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.031
530:Annals of Emergency Medicine
455:
447:
318:
295:Stones may be diagnosed via
235:Disseminated histoplasmosis:
94:
7:
2630:Salivary gland diverticulum
2593:Necrotizing sialometaplasia
1604:Smokeless tobacco keratosis
1516:Basaloid squamous carcinoma
631:Annals of Internal Medicine
612:10.1016/j.mpdhp.2012.08.001
268:
50:Parotid gland (center left)
10:
3061:
2640:Salivary gland hyperplasia
2588:HIV salivary gland disease
2097:Gingival cyst of the adult
1543:Oral florid papillomatosis
1256:
1144:
889:10.1016/j.joms.2010.06.205
790:Arthritis & Rheumatism
643:10.7326/0003-4819-94-3-331
165:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
125:Acute bacterial parotitis:
2985:
2979:
2974:
2887:
2879:Orofacial soft tissues –
2873:
2814:
2797:
2645:Salivary gland hypoplasia
2568:
2555:
2459:
2434:
2373:Bisphosphonate-associated
2267:Idiopathic osteosclerosis
2242:
2220:
2043:
2010:
1738:Dentinogenesis imperfecta
1674:
1648:
1328:
1311:
1264:
1251:
1202:Median rhomboid glossitis
1152:
1139:
1060:
1047:
915:
600:Diagnostic Histopathology
374:IgG4-related sialadenitis
362:occasionally occurs. The
131:but may be caused by any
103:
54:
49:
40:
35:
26:
21:
3030:Salivary gland pathology
2952:Orofacial granulomatosis
2731:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
2716:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
2650:Salivary gland neoplasms
2441:Temporomandibular joints
2412:Periapical periodontitis
2144:Linear gingival erythema
1912:Regional odontodysplasia
1758:Enamel hypocalcification
1052:
678:Accessed March 20, 2008.
338:Sialadenosis (sialosis):
2849:Obstructive sleep apnea
2615:Salivary duct stricture
2395:Paget's disease of bone
1892:Pulp canal obliteration
1733:Dentin hypersensitivity
1679:Amelogenesis imperfecta
1531:Squamous cell carcinoma
1511:Adenosquamous carcinoma
1498:Squamous cell papilloma
1475:Melanocytic oral lesion
742:10.3390/children9111632
478:"UpToDate on parotitis"
305:medical ultrasonography
229:anti-retroviral therapy
2995:Hemifacial hypertrophy
2962:Pyostomatitis vegetans
2635:Salivary gland fistula
2625:Salivary gland atresia
2620:Salivary gland aplasia
2474:Mandibular dislocation
2445:muscles of mastication
2323:Calcifying odontogenic
1952:Vertical root fracture
1947:Cracked tooth syndrome
1922:Shovel-shaped incisors
1817:Wisdom tooth impaction
1699:Early childhood caries
1565:Benign mucous membrane
1526:Spindle cell carcinoma
1435:Intraoral dental sinus
1353:Burning mouth syndrome
432:Masseteric hypertrophy
376:: This term refers to
144:. Medications such as
2804:Stomatognathic system
2706:Acinic cell carcinoma
2328:Glandular odontogenic
1480:Molluscum contagiosum
129:Staphylococcus aureus
3035:IgG4-related disease
2947:Oral Crohn's disease
2902:Basal cell carcinoma
2541:Condylar hyperplasia
2526:Maxillary hypoplasia
2092:Gingival enlargement
2025:periodontal ligament
1631:Verruciform xanthoma
1363:Condyloma acuminatum
440:(enlargement of the
378:IgG4-related disease
2957:Perioral dermatitis
2693:Pleomorphic adenoma
2673:Monomorphic adenoma
2663:Canalicular adenoma
2536:Condylar hypoplasia
2469:Condylar resorption
2313:Lateral periodontal
2272:Mandibular fracture
2171:Periodontal abscess
1768:Turner's hypoplasia
1536:Verrucous carcinoma
1485:Morsicatio buccarum
1465:Lupus erythematosus
1378:Erythema multiforme
1294:Stomatitis nicotina
301:computed tomography
253:Sjögren's syndrome:
61:Infectious diseases
3000:Facial hemiatrophy
2854:Periodic breathing
2785:Sjögren's syndrome
2658:Basal cell adenoma
2422:Torus mandibularis
2400:Periapical abscess
2383:Osteoradionecrosis
2308:Buccal bifurcation
2287:Intraosseous cysts
2176:Periodontal trauma
2080:Pyogenic granuloma
1927:Supernumerary root
1880:Pulp calcification
1868:Premature eruption
1839:Odontogenic tumors
1636:White sponge nevus
1609:Submucous fibrosis
1553:Smoker's melanosis
1440:Irritation fibroma
1279:High-arched palate
1187:Foliate papillitis
1177:Cunnilingus tongue
1162:Black hairy tongue
1092:Congenital lip pit
674:2012-07-21 at the
341:disorders such as
257:Sjögren's syndrome
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
2970:
2969:
2869:
2868:
2793:
2792:
2698:Sebaceous adenoma
2551:
2550:
2430:
2429:
2341:Median mandibular
2336:Nasopalatine duct
2252:Alveolar osteitis
2216:
2215:
2203:Perio-endo lesion
2085:Congenital epulis
2006:
2005:
1763:Enamel hypoplasia
1644:
1643:
1619:Riga–Fede disease
1470:Melanocytic nevus
1410:Hairy leukoplakia
1373:Epulis fissuratum
1307:
1306:
1247:
1246:
1197:Geographic tongue
1135:
1134:
1000:
999:
803:10.1002/art.34593
797:(10): 3061–3067.
74:
73:
16:Medical condition
3052:
2976:
2975:
2875:
2874:
2799:
2798:
2668:Ductal papilloma
2557:
2556:
2436:
2435:
2333:Non-odontogenic:
2318:Globulomaxillary
2257:Buccal exostosis
2222:
2221:
2166:Peri-implantitis
2012:
2011:
1728:Dentin dysplasia
1650:
1649:
1626:Verruca vulgaris
1521:Mucosal melanoma
1368:Darier's disease
1343:Behçet's disease
1313:
1312:
1269:Bednar's aphthae
1253:
1252:
1141:
1140:
1127:Trumpeter's wart
1049:
1048:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1011:
1010:
913:
912:
901:
900:
872:
866:
865:
855:
831:
825:
824:
814:
779:
773:
772:
762:
744:
720:
714:
713:
685:
679:
666:
655:
654:
622:
616:
615:
595:
589:
588:
560:
554:
553:
525:
516:
511:
494:
493:
491:
489:
474:
417:Associated with
70:
69:
45:
31:
19:
18:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3045:Gross pathology
3020:
3019:
3018:
3009:
2981:
2966:
2922:Ludwig's angina
2883:
2865:
2824:Mouth breathing
2810:
2789:
2610:Pneumoparotitis
2583:Frey's syndrome
2564:
2562:Salivary glands
2547:
2455:
2426:
2405:Phoenix abscess
2238:
2234:hard tissues –
2212:
2134:Hypercementosis
2053:Cementoblastoma
2039:
2002:
1716:Dens evaginatus
1670:
1640:
1592:Denture-related
1577:Plasmoacanthoma
1503:Keratoacanthoma
1324:
1322:Lining of mouth
1303:
1299:Torus palatinus
1260:
1243:
1224:Lingual thyroid
1182:Fissured tongue
1172:Crenated tongue
1148:
1131:
1117:Nasolabial cyst
1102:Herpes labialis
1056:
1043:
1038:
1001:
996:
995:
924:
910:
905:
904:
873:
869:
832:
828:
780:
776:
721:
717:
686:
682:
676:Wayback Machine
667:
658:
623:
619:
596:
592:
561:
557:
526:
519:
512:
497:
487:
485:
476:
475:
471:
466:
458:
450:
442:masseter muscle
434:
392:Pneumoparotitis
321:
271:
247:
227:. Treatment is
213:cytomegalovirus
197:lymphadenopathy
122:
111:
106:
97:
89:salivary glands
83:of one or both
64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3058:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2990:Eagle syndrome
2986:
2983:
2982:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2912:Cystic hygroma
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2780:Sialolithiasis
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2711:Adenocarcinoma
2708:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2678:Myoepithelioma
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2351:Traumatic bone
2348:
2346:Median palatal
2343:
2338:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2146:
2141:
2139:Hypocementosis
2136:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1873:Neonatal teeth
1865:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1760:
1755:
1753:Ectopic enamel
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1548:Oral melanosis
1545:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1348:Bohn's nodules
1345:
1340:
1335:
1333:Amalgam tattoo
1329:
1326:
1325:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1014:
1008:
1007:
998:
997:
994:
993:
982:
971:
960:
941:
925:
920:
919:
917:
916:Classification
909:
908:External links
906:
903:
902:
883:(3): 944–949.
867:
826:
774:
715:
696:(3): 365–370.
680:
656:
637:(3): 331–337.
617:
606:(9): 366–372.
590:
571:(2): 207–214.
555:
536:(3): 376–379.
517:
495:
468:
467:
465:
462:
457:
454:
449:
446:
433:
430:
407:phenylbutazone
320:
317:
286:sialolithiasis
278:superinfection
270:
267:
246:
243:
239:histoplasmosis
193:HIV parotitis:
146:antihistamines
121:
118:
110:
107:
105:
102:
96:
93:
85:parotid glands
72:
71:
58:
52:
51:
47:
46:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3057:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3040:Inflammations
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2892:Actinomycosis
2890:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:Sialodochitis
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2449:malocclusions
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:Stafne defect
2415:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2368:Osteonecrosis
2366:
2364:
2363:Osteomyelitis
2361:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2236:Bones of jaws
2233:
2229:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2181:Periodontitis
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Pericoronitis
2159:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Granulomatous
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Eruption cyst
2068:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Pulp necrosis
1895:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1856:Dens in dente
1854:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:Discoloration
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:Lichen planus
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:Herpes zoster
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:Fordyce spots
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Erythroplakia
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:Caviar tongue
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:Ankyloglossia
1155:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Sun poisoning
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1003:
1002:
992:
988:
987:
983:
981:
977:
976:
972:
970:
966:
965:
961:
959:
955:
951:
950:
946:
942:
940:
936:
935:
931:
927:
926:
923:
918:
914:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
871:
863:
859:
854:
849:
845:
841:
837:
830:
822:
818:
813:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:
786:
778:
770:
766:
761:
756:
752:
748:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
719:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
684:
677:
673:
670:
665:
663:
661:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
621:
613:
609:
605:
601:
594:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
559:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
524:
522:
514:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
483:
479:
473:
469:
461:
453:
445:
443:
439:
429:
427:
422:
420:
414:
412:
408:
404:
398:
395:
393:
388:
386:
384:
379:
375:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
355:
350:
348:
344:
339:
335:
332:
328:
325:
316:
314:
313:kidney stones
310:
306:
303:(CT) scan or
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:
266:
264:
260:
258:
254:
250:
242:
240:
236:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:paramyxovirus
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
188:
187:Paramyxovirus
184:
180:
176:
172:
170:
166:
161:
157:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
130:
126:
117:
115:
101:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
68:
62:
59:
57:
53:
48:
44:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2880:
2807:
2747:
2743:Sialadenitis
2702:
2654:
2519:Scissor bite
2514:Retrognathia
2499:Overeruption
2479:Malocclusion
2452:
2332:
2291:
2282:Micrognathia
2235:
2226:Periapical,
2112:Desquamative
2036:
2017:Periodontium
1991:Acid erosion
1932:Taurodontism
1863:Open contact
1775:Enamel pearl
1743:Dilaceration
1706:Concrescence
1507:
1494:
1321:
1274:Cleft palate
1234:Microglossia
1229:Macroglossia
1214:Glossoptosis
1112:Microcheilia
1107:Macrocheilia
984:
973:
962:
943:
928:
880:
876:
870:
846:(1): 30–37.
843:
839:
829:
794:
788:
777:
735:(11): 1632.
732:
728:
718:
693:
689:
683:
634:
630:
620:
603:
599:
593:
568:
564:
558:
533:
529:
486:. Retrieved
481:
472:
459:
451:
435:
416:
415:
399:
390:
389:
381:
373:
372:
366:consists of
352:
351:
337:
336:
330:
329:
323:
322:
294:
272:
262:
261:
252:
251:
248:
234:
233:
195:Generalized
192:
191:
183:vaccinations
174:
173:
160:tuberculosis
155:
154:
124:
123:
114:Dehydration:
113:
112:
98:
87:, the major
81:inflammation
76:
75:
2937:Microstomia
2927:Macrostomia
2917:Gnathophyma
2834:Catathrenia
2829:Sleep apnea
2760:Sialectasis
2303:Dentigerous
2293:Odontogenic
2122:Plasma cell
2058:Gigantiform
1834:Microdontia
1824:Macrodontia
1795:Hyperdontia
1490:Oral cancer
1450:Leukoplakia
1358:Candidiasis
1318:Oral mucosa
1239:Rhabdomyoma
1219:Hypoglossia
1080:Plasma cell
488:19 February
438:hypertrophy
436:Masseteric
426:pilocarpine
368:sarcoidosis
354:Sarcoidosis
347:kwashiorkor
309:Lithotripsy
221:influenza A
209:hepatitis C
109:Dehydration
3024:Categories
2897:Angioedema
2703:Malignant:
2683:Oncocytoma
2509:Prognathia
2298:periapical
2277:Microgenia
2228:mandibular
2186:Aggressive
2107:Gingivitis
2048:Cementicle
1986:Abfraction
1976:Tooth wear
1969:Edentulism
1964:Tooth loss
1917:Resorption
1902:Pulp polyp
1885:Pulp stone
1829:Meth mouth
1800:Hypodontia
1790:Gemination
1721:Talon cusp
1614:Ulceration
1582:Stomatitis
1560:Pemphigoid
1508:Malignant:
1460:Linea alba
1445:Leukoedema
1425:Herpangina
1393:Giant-cell
975:DiseasesDB
484:. UpToDate
464:References
411:thiouracil
385:'s disease
360:Xerostomia
245:Autoimmune
225:adenovirus
181:. Routine
120:Infectious
2765:Sialocele
2748:Parotitis
2489:Open bite
2484:Crossbite
2262:Cherubism
2232:maxillary
2065:Cementoma
1996:Attrition
1812:Impaction
1780:Fluorosis
1689:Anodontia
1684:Ankylosis
1572:Pemphigus
1192:Glossitis
1087:Cleft lip
1065:Cheilitis
1005:eMedicine
986:SNOMED CT
751:2227-9067
456:Treatment
448:Diagnosis
319:Uncertain
275:bacterial
205:dry mouth
150:diuretics
133:commensal
95:Etymology
77:Parotitis
56:Specialty
22:Parotitis
2775:Sialosis
2726:Lymphoma
2598:Mucocele
2494:Overbite
2247:Agnathia
2208:Teething
2033:alveolus
2029:cementum
1981:Abrasion
1957:Occlusal
1942:Avulsion
1907:Pulpitis
1851:Odontoma
1597:Herpetic
1587:Aphthous
1097:Eclabium
991:14756005
897:21195532
862:26169883
821:22736240
769:36360360
729:Children
710:18280969
672:Archived
585:29110978
482:UpToDate
383:Mikulicz
343:pellagra
269:Blockage
169:diabetes
2861:Snoring
2819:Bruxism
2655:Benign:
2504:Overjet
2464:Bruxism
2358:Osteoma
2196:Chronic
2021:gingiva
1495:Benign:
1388:Fibroma
1075:Angular
1070:Actinic
969:D010309
812:5963880
760:9688286
651:7224378
550:7661432
419:Bulimia
403:iodides
290:calcium
2603:Ranula
2075:Epulis
1937:Trauma
1785:Fusion
1694:Caries
1667:enamel
1663:dentin
1258:Palate
1146:Tongue
895:
860:
819:
809:
767:
757:
749:
708:
649:
583:
548:
282:mucous
223:, and
142:sepsis
138:E coli
104:Causes
79:is an
63:
2980:Other
1655:Teeth
958:527.2
954:072.9
297:X-ray
179:mumps
2942:Noma
2447:and
2230:and
2035:) –
1659:pulp
1054:Lips
980:9670
964:MeSH
949:9-CM
893:PMID
858:PMID
817:PMID
765:PMID
747:ISSN
706:PMID
647:PMID
581:PMID
546:PMID
490:2017
148:and
945:ICD
939:B26
930:ICD
885:doi
848:doi
844:129
807:PMC
799:doi
755:PMC
737:doi
698:doi
694:105
639:doi
608:doi
573:doi
538:doi
345:or
201:HIV
3026::
2806:–
2451:–
2443:,
2031:,
2027:,
2023:,
1665:,
1661:,
1320:–
989::
978::
967::
956:,
952::
937::
934:10
891:.
881:69
879:.
856:.
842:.
838:.
815:.
805:.
795:64
793:.
787:.
763:.
753:.
745:.
731:.
727:.
704:.
692:.
659:^
645:.
635:94
633:.
629:.
604:18
602:.
579:.
569:54
567:.
544:.
534:26
532:.
520:^
498:^
480:.
409:,
405:,
231:.
219:,
215:,
211:,
2295::
2019:(
1669:)
1657:(
1033:e
1026:t
1019:v
947:-
932:-
922:D
899:.
887::
864:.
850::
823:.
801::
771:.
739::
733:9
712:.
700::
653:.
641::
614:.
610::
587:.
575::
552:.
540::
492:.
421::
394::
356::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
