549:
208:
510:
482:
530:
367:
1660:
67:
354:. Cell-mediated immunity for histoplasmosis develops within 2 weeks. If the patient has strong cellular immunity, macrophages, epithelial cells, and lymphocytes surround the organisms and contain them, and eventually calcify. In immunocompromised individuals, the organisms disseminate to different organs such as bone, spleen, liver, adrenal glands, and mucocutaneous membranes, resulting in
378:
infection to extrapulmonary sites. Oral manifestations have been reported as the main complaint of the disseminated forms, leading the patient to seek treatment, whereas pulmonary symptoms in disseminated disease may be mild or even misinterpreted as flu. Histoplasmosis can be diagnosed by samples containing the fungus taken from sputum (via
836:, "There's a Worm Crawling In My What?" (aired November 13, 2014), a video game programmer, Cody Fry was infected with the disease. He survived his initial bout with disease up to the premiere of the episode, but unfortunately, would die from the illness less than a year after the episode premiered, on October 23, 2015.
440:
is one agar growth medium on which the fungus can be cultured. Cutaneous manifestations of disseminated disease are diverse and often present as a nondescript rash with systemic complaints. Diagnosis is best established by urine antigen testing, as blood cultures may take up to 6 weeks for diagnostic
709:
is commonly found across the United States. The fungus can grow in any materials corrupted with bird and bat droppings, but particularly manifests in soils. Histoplasma can present itself as an occupational hazard through causation of the infection
Histoplasmosis. Workers in a variety of fields can
571:
is impractical, but the sources below list environments where histoplasmosis is common, and precautions to reduce a person's risk of exposure, in the three parts of the world where the disease is prevalent. Precautions common to all geographical locations would be to avoid accumulations of bird or
750:
can be implemented in the workplace. The CDC also suggests that workplaces should be responsible for administrative controls such as developing a safety plan, posting notice of the risk of exposure, disposing of any potentially contaminated materials, and providing proper education on the dangers
377:
Clinically, a wide spectrum of disease manifestations occurs, making diagnosis somewhat difficult. More severe forms include the chronic pulmonary form, often occurring in the presence of underlying pulmonary disease, and a disseminated form, which is characterized by the progressive spread of
609:
Liposomal preparations of amphotericin B are more effective than deoxycholate preparations. The liposomal preparation is preferred in patients who might be at risk of nephrotoxicity, although all preparations of amphotericin B have risk of nephrotoxicity. Individuals taking amphotericin B are
734:
industries. Common symptoms in workers are similar to the ones from the exposed general public, such as nonspecific respiratory symptoms like a cough. However, workplace exposures tend to lead to larger outbreaks than non-occupational histoplasmosis, and scientific reviews have shown that
766:, but only in the 1930s was it discovered to be a widespread infection. Before then, many cases of histoplasmosis were mistakenly attributed to tuberculosis, and patients were mistakenly admitted to tuberculosis sanatoria. Some patients contracted tuberculosis in these sanatoriums.
610:
monitored for renal function. Liposomal amphotericin B is better at treating people with progressive disseminated
Histoplasmosis and underlying HIV when compared to deoxycholate amphotericin B. Meanwhile, fluconazole performs poorly when compared to other azoles.
1673:
Wheat LJ, Freifeld AG, Kleiman MB, Baddley JW, McKinsey DS, Loyd JE, Kauffman CA (October 2007). "Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the
Infectious Diseases Society of America".
481:
1373:
Macher A, Rodrigues MM, Kaplan W, Pistole MC, McKittrick A, Lawrinson WE, Reichert CM (August 1985). "Disseminated bilateral chorioretinitis due to
Histoplasma capsulatum in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome".
347:. As the fungus is thermally dimorphic, these microconidia are transformed into yeast. They grow and multiply inside the phagosome. The macrophages travel in lymphatic circulation and can spread the disease to different organs.
219:
If symptoms of histoplasmosis infection occur, they start within 3 to 17 days after exposure; the typical time is 12–14 days. Most affected individuals have clinically silent manifestations and show no apparent ill effects. The
847:'s 9th season, a character is diagnosed with the disease after initial confusion regarding whether his symptoms were more indicative of tuberculosis. He contracts it from the droppings of pet pigeons he keeps in his home.
2372:
2357:
735:
occupational histoplasmosis accounts for approximately one third of all documented outbreaks. Though the disease is usually not severe, there have been instances of outbreaks among workers leading to death.
1409:
Gonzales CA, Scott IU, Chaudhry NA, Luu KM, Miller D, Murray TG, Davis JL (April 2000). "Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum: a case report and literature review".
2486:
710:
be exposed to the fungus as spores can be released into the air through any activities which disturb soil. Due to this, occupations at a higher risk for exposure include construction and demolition,
147:
From 1938 to 2013 in the US, 105 outbreaks were reported in a total of 26 states plus Puerto Rico. In 1978 to 1979 during a large urban outbreak in which 100,000 people were exposed to the fungus in
1330:
Nielsen JS, Fick TA, Saggau DD, Barnes CH (March 2012). "Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to ocular histoplasmosis syndrome".
436:
skin tests indicate whether persons have been exposed, but do not indicate whether they have the disease. Formal histoplasmosis diagnoses are often confirmed only by culturing the fungus directly.
1735:
Moen MD, Lyseng-Williamson KA, Scott LJ (2009). "Liposomal amphotericin B: a review of its use as empirical therapy in febrile neutropenia and in the treatment of invasive fungal infections".
613:
Treatment with itraconazole must continue for at least a year in severe cases, while in acute pulmonary
Histoplasmosis, 6 to 12 weeks treatment is sufficient. Alternatives to itraconazole are
509:
548:
582:
has been found in Africa (in chicken runs, on bats, in the caves bats inhabit, and in soil), and a thorough reference list including
English, French, and Spanish language references.
2479:
529:
575:
The US National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health provides information on work practices and personal protective equipment that may reduce the risk of infection.
598:
are used to treat severe cases of acute histoplasmosis and all cases of chronic and disseminated disease. Typical treatment of severe disease first involves treatment with
746:. They recommend that any build up of bird and bat droppings should be avoided if possible, but if it is unpreventable various engineering, administrative controls and
2472:
1536:
Brazão-Silva MT, Mancusi GW, Bazzoun FV, Ishisaaki GY, Marcucci M. A gingival manifestation of histoplasmosis leading diagnosis. Contemp Clin Dent. V.4 (1). 2013 (
679:
is the site of the most frequent infections, with 20–30% of the population testing positive. A review of reported cases in 2018 showed disease presence throughout
339:. Histoplasmosis is not contagious but is contracted by inhalation of the spores from disturbed soil or guano. The inoculum is represented principally by
751:
associated with histoplasma. Adequate personal protective equipment includes a respirator, hooded coveralls, shoe coverings, gloves, and eye protection.
698:
In non-endemic countries, 40-50% of histoplasmosis cases are diagnosed in immunocompromised patients (HIV/AIDS, transplanted patients, cancer patients).
4159:
2302:
1230:"Disseminated histoplasmosis from a calcified lung nodule after long-term corticosteroid therapy in an elderly Japanese patient: A case report"
4727:
2979:
1828:
293:, pulmonary vessel obstruction, and progressive fibrosis of lymph nodes. Fibrosing mediastinitis is a serious complication and can be fatal.
2253:
2329:
739:
1078:
1059:
801:
207:
4346:
4030:
656:. The humidity and acidity patterns of soil are associated with endemicity. Bird and bat droppings in soil promote the growth of
460:
355:
250:
128:
or bird droppings. Disruption of soil from excavation or construction releases infectious spores that can be inhaled by humans.
3286:
633:
About 90% of patients with normal immune systems regain health without any intervention. Less than 5% need serious treatments.
93:
2236:
2198:"A protozoan general infection producing pseudotubercles in the lungs and focal necrosis in the liver, spleen and lymphnodes"
1721:
1586:
1550:
Rosenberg JD, Scheinfeld NS (December 2003). "Cutaneous histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome".
1512:
1042:
985:
908:
881:
1981:
Zerbato V, Di Bella S, Pol R, D'Aleo F, Angheben A, Farina C, Conte M, Luzzaro F, Lombardi G, Luzzati R, Principe L (2023).
1829:"Opportunistic Fungal Infections, Part 3: Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, and Emerging Mould Infections"
810:, a critically ill patient was diagnosed with histoplasmosis which he was denying to visit hospital because he was homeless.
4261:
4001:
3997:
2277:
784:
was hospitalized due to histoplasmosis in 1997, causing the cancellation of concerts in the United
Kingdom and Switzerland.
778:
included a reference to the disease, even correctly noting its source in bird droppings, in the song "Beans for
Breakfast".
441:
growth to occur and serum antigen testing often comes back with a false negative before 4 weeks of disseminated infection.
742:
advises that those who work in potentially hazardous environments reduce their exposure as much as possible following the
343:. These are inhaled and reach the alveoli. In the alveoli, macrophages ingest these microconidia. They survive inside the
323:). The fungus has been found in poultry-house litter, caves, areas harboring bats, and bird roosts (particularly those of
2097:
de Perio M, Benedict K, Williams S, Niemeier-Walsh C, Green BJ, Coffey C, Di Giuseppe M, Toda M, Park JH (26 June 2021).
3068:
4211:
3567:
2969:
1014:
4246:
4025:
4020:
3727:
3078:
465:
455:
118:. Occasionally, other organs are affected; called disseminated histoplasmosis, it can be fatal if left untreated.
4737:
4351:
3992:
3939:
3717:
3722:
3037:
2663:
806:
660:. Contact with such soil aerosolizes the microconidia, which can infect humans. It is also common in caves in
4066:
3230:
2921:
2758:
747:
4614:
3933:
3397:
3152:
2843:
2773:
814:
743:
1158:, données biocliniques et thérapeutiques variées, à propos de trois cas observés dans les Alpes maritimes"
1153:
4686:
3147:
2678:
2633:
290:
2452:
273:
is controversial. Distinct from POHS, acute ocular histoplasmosis may rarely occur in immunodeficiency.
3792:
3734:
3500:
3220:
366:
328:
224:
phase of histoplasmosis is characterized by nonspecific respiratory symptoms, often cough or flu-like.
4522:
3422:
2333:
1228:
Keigo K, Takanori A, Ichiro K, Hanako H, Shotaro C, Kentaro O, Junko K, Hiroaki S, Seitaro F (2019).
1006:
676:
391:
294:
2464:
1954:
Sanyal M, Thammayya A (1980). "Skin Sensitivity To Histoplasmin in Calcutta and Its Neighbourhood".
1927:
Sanyal M, Thammayya A (July 1975). "Histoplasma capsulatum in the soil of Gangetic Plain in India".
1659:
4757:
4529:
4091:
3771:
3265:
2911:
2848:
2743:
2387:
1836:
4610:
4573:
4515:
4440:
4415:
4409:
4206:
3898:
3820:
3530:
3225:
2944:
2916:
2546:
2072:
304:
After healing of lesions, hard, calcified lymph nodes can erode the walls of the airway, causing
168:
1470:
4742:
4638:
4569:
4308:
4297:
4226:
4216:
4201:
4107:
4072:
4044:
4009:
3981:
3799:
3505:
3417:
2733:
977:
723:
668:. Positive histoplasmin skin tests occur in as many as 90% of the people living in areas where
645:
470:
417:
399:
379:
172:
110:
75:
2427:
4752:
4747:
4381:
4129:
3785:
3560:
3407:
3334:
3022:
2556:
2536:
2197:
1983:"Endemic Systemic Mycoses in Italy: A Systematic Review of Literature and a Practical Update"
1537:
595:
160:
969:
827:
gets worried about getting histoplasmosis from the dust in the air and the hair of the rats.
4555:
4545:
4359:
4256:
4251:
4115:
4038:
3977:
2753:
2551:
2526:
1234:
404:
266:
2149:
232:; disseminated histoplasmosis affects multiple organ systems and is fatal unless treated.
8:
4667:
4395:
4387:
4221:
3813:
3475:
3412:
3387:
3361:
3215:
3193:
2788:
2748:
2668:
2658:
2376:
2172:
1082:
937:
286:
2015:
1982:
1858:
247:, and adrenal enlargement. Lesions often left calcification nodules as they are healed.
4579:
4561:
4377:
4373:
4290:
4283:
4241:
3987:
3324:
3188:
3073:
3032:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2723:
2125:
2098:
1904:
1877:
1804:
1779:
1760:
1699:
1355:
1312:
1264:
1229:
1205:
1180:
1129:
1104:
1003:
Inside the Outbreaks: The Elite Medical Detectives of the Epidemic Intelligence Service
832:
819:
691:
is the site of most frequent infections, with 9.4% of the population testing positive.
413:
240:
3928:
3545:
1423:
1387:
695:
was isolated from the local soil proving endemicity of histoplasmosis in West Bengal.
4732:
4706:
4691:
3842:
3778:
3707:
3588:
3382:
3088:
2964:
2959:
2838:
2812:
2738:
2728:
2566:
2541:
2398:
2232:
2213:
2130:
2020:
2002:
1963:
1936:
1909:
1809:
1752:
1748:
1691:
1648:
1582:
1559:
1427:
1391:
1347:
1304:
1269:
1251:
1210:
1134:
1038:
1010:
981:
970:
941:
904:
877:
793:
763:
653:
282:
141:
133:
88:
2381:
1764:
1716:
1633:
1359:
1316:
4644:
4600:
4540:
4459:
4276:
4196:
4185:
3957:
3893:
3593:
3553:
3480:
3329:
3235:
3183:
3053:
2828:
2763:
2438:
2209:
2120:
2110:
2010:
1994:
1899:
1889:
1799:
1791:
1744:
1703:
1683:
1606:
1419:
1383:
1339:
1296:
1259:
1243:
1200:
1192:
1124:
1116:
933:
844:
738:
These occurrences emphasize the importance of protective measures for workers. The
591:
395:
228:
findings are normal in 40–70% of cases. Chronic histoplasmosis cases can resemble
176:
105:
1894:
1287:
Thuruthumaly C, Yee DC, Rao PK (November 2014). "Presumed ocular histoplasmosis".
4501:
3856:
3749:
3744:
3685:
3648:
3465:
3392:
3063:
2778:
2623:
2561:
2392:
1778:
Murray M, Hine P, et al. (Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group) (April 2020).
1343:
1300:
898:
661:
254:
244:
221:
114:. Symptoms of this infection vary greatly, but the disease affects primarily the
2287:
1878:"Mapping Histoplasmosis in South East Asia - implications for diagnosis in AIDS"
1445:
1247:
4629:
4446:
4303:
4153:
4142:
4121:
3680:
3598:
3580:
3515:
3432:
2974:
2802:
2441:
1998:
788:
680:
599:
437:
2403:
2229:
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
2041:
1795:
4721:
4701:
4662:
4595:
4508:
4431:
4336:
4320:
4269:
4135:
4102:
4097:
3878:
3712:
3690:
3668:
3510:
3485:
3440:
3402:
3270:
3137:
2997:
2949:
2881:
2853:
2006:
1610:
1255:
1120:
421:
409:
236:
2366:
1780:"Treating progressive disseminated Histoplasmosis in people living with HIV"
648:
in certain areas of the United States, particularly in states bordering the
66:
4491:
4452:
4401:
4341:
3912:
3906:
3862:
3806:
3739:
3702:
3697:
3664:
3643:
3455:
3027:
3007:
2822:
2817:
2807:
2648:
2134:
2024:
1967:
1913:
1813:
1756:
1695:
1652:
1602:
1563:
1431:
1351:
1308:
1273:
1214:
945:
824:
618:
614:
603:
492:
340:
298:
229:
180:
152:
148:
80:
1940:
1395:
1138:
4476:
4330:
4191:
4147:
4058:
3848:
3490:
3315:
3017:
2683:
2422:
1196:
775:
727:
711:
688:
665:
622:
500:
370:
285:
individuals, complications can arise. These include recurrent pneumonia,
225:
184:
382:), blood, or infected organs. It can also be diagnosed by detection of
4696:
4679:
4471:
4365:
4231:
3968:
3948:
3887:
3634:
3607:
3450:
3291:
3168:
2886:
2858:
2628:
2115:
649:
425:
305:
301:
have higher probability of developing chronic cavitary histoplasmosis.
2349:
2096:
1105:"Sporadic disseminated histoplasmosis simulating miliary tuberculosis"
625:. Individuals taking itraconazole are monitored for hepatic function.
239:, this remains a relatively rare disease. Severe infections can cause
136:
within human lungs before symptoms arise. The disease is common among
4486:
3621:
3495:
3445:
3209:
2796:
2768:
2673:
2508:
2494:
2433:
1865:. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety. July 1, 2013.
1605:(Report). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. December 2004.
1151:
781:
719:
520:
496:
344:
192:
188:
156:
1875:
1502:
vitamin biosynthesis for intraphagosomal proliferation. Infect Immum
567:
Testing or decontaminating most sites that may be contaminated with
319:
grows in soil and material contaminated with bird or bat droppings (
4673:
4236:
3616:
3520:
3142:
3122:
3058:
3012:
2954:
2891:
2833:
2653:
2602:
2531:
2447:
2099:"Occupational Histoplasmosis: Epidemiology and Prevention Measures"
1687:
731:
383:
351:
335:, and at body temperature (37 °C in humans), it morphs into a
332:
324:
2303:"Midwest Fungus, Deadly Disease: A Young Man's Fight For His Life"
265:
of the eyes are scarred, resulting in a loss of vision not unlike
4052:
3576:
3319:
3173:
3083:
3002:
2989:
2939:
2868:
2592:
2587:
2582:
350:
Within the phagosome, the fungus has an absolute requirement for
258:
164:
52:
1876:
Baker J, Setianingrum F, Wahyuningsih R, Denning DW (Jan 2019).
3673:
3612:
2931:
2876:
2643:
2638:
2612:
2521:
2361:
715:
684:
262:
155:, rheumatological syndromes, esophageal and vocal cord ulcers,
424:
infection. Histoplasmosis can also be diagnosed by a test for
4175:
3754:
3603:
2597:
387:
336:
320:
196:
125:
1980:
1372:
594:
individuals, histoplasmosis resolves without any treatment.
3625:
3178:
2697:
2516:
1672:
1033:
Cotran RS, Kumar V, Fausto N, Robbins SL, Abbas AK (2005).
137:
115:
1734:
1538:
http://www.contempclindent.org/text.asp?2013/4/1/97/111621
1152:
Gari-Toussaint, Marty P, Le Fichoux Y, Loubière R (1987).
672:
is common, such as the eastern and central United States.
578:
A review paper includes information on locations in which
2282:
1227:
897:
Johnstone RB (2017). "25. Mycoses and Algal infections".
840:
2150:"Outbreak of Severe Histoplasmosis Among Tunnel Workers"
1956:
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
1408:
1079:"Radiology Teaching Files: Case 224856 (Histoplasmosis)"
1032:
924:
Stenn F (February 1960). "Cave disease or speleonosis".
3575:
2173:"HEALTH HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH BIRD AND BAT DROPPINGS"
1329:
2254:"Solving The Mystery Of 'Bamboo Bonfire' Lung Disease"
2148:
Armstrong PA, Beard JD, Bonilla L (2 December 2018).
2147:
871:
124:
is found in soil, often associated with decaying bat
2339:
2227:
Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ (11 September 2014).
1631:
1579:
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology
1549:
2278:"CNN - Bob Dylan hospitalized with histoplasmosis"
2226:
1286:
1181:"Histoplasmosis: a clinical and laboratory update"
1145:
2495:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology
281:In absence of proper treatment and especially in
235:While histoplasmosis is the most common cause of
83:showing histopathologic changes in histoplasmosis
4719:
1037:. St. Louis: Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 754–5.
449:Histoplasmosis may be divided into these types:
373:of a patient with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis
2073:"Histoplasmosis in the Workplace | NIOSH | CDC"
1953:
1926:
701:
1826:
1070:
1035:Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease
797:, a patient was diagnosed with histoplasmosis.
495:, showing organisms surrounded by halos, in a
3561:
2980:Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
2480:
1632:Gugnani HC, Muotoe-Okafor F (December 1997).
331:; in the environment, it grows as a brownish
2634:Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)
1827:Barron MA, Madinger NE (November 18, 2008).
1621:– via NIOSH Publications and Products.
1076:
2189:
1784:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1603:Histoplasmosis - Protecting Workers at Risk
1576:
1102:
890:
872:Rapini RP, Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL (2007).
3568:
3554:
2487:
2473:
2231:(8th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.
1777:
1613:. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2005-109
1000:
867:
865:
863:
861:
65:
3793:Trichophyton interdigitale/mentagrophytes
2124:
2114:
2014:
1903:
1893:
1803:
1577:James WD, Berger TG, et al. (2006).
1494:Garfoot AL, Zemska O, Rappleye CA (2013)
1263:
1204:
1128:
1103:Tong P, Tan WC, Pang M (September 1983).
1028:
1026:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
896:
1178:
1172:
365:
269:. Despite its name, the relationship to
206:
4347:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
4031:Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
2195:
1570:
1096:
967:
903:(2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 452.
858:
461:Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
356:progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
251:Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
4720:
3287:Disseminated intravascular coagulation
2300:
1929:The Indian Journal of Medical Research
1057:
1023:
976:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp.
952:
769:
3549:
2468:
2251:
2167:
2165:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2036:
2034:
1722:Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy
923:
644:is found throughout the world. It is
358:. Chronic lung disease can manifest.
202:
4728:Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions
4262:Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
4002:Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
3998:Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis
1475:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
1450:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
938:10.1001/archinte.1960.00270140003001
211:Skin lesion on the upper lip due to
1641:Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia
1060:"Histoplasmosis: A Hoosier Concern"
13:
3112:
3069:Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
2162:
2058:
2031:
1882:Emerging Microbes & Infections
1634:"African Histoplasmosis: a review"
900:Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials
14:
4769:
2970:Transient acantholytic dermatosis
2323:
1717:Histoplasmosis: Fungal Infections
4247:Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
4026:Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis
4021:Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis
3728:Proximal subungual onychomycosis
3079:Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
2214:10.1001/jama.1906.62510440037003
1749:10.2165/00003495-200969030-00010
1658:
1289:Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
547:
528:
508:
480:
466:Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis
456:Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis
276:
4352:Primary cutaneous aspergillosis
3993:Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
3718:White superficial onychomycosis
3089:Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
2294:
2270:
2245:
2220:
2141:
2090:
1974:
1947:
1920:
1869:
1851:
1820:
1771:
1728:
1710:
1666:
1625:
1595:
1543:
1530:
1505:
1488:
1463:
1438:
1402:
1366:
1323:
1280:
1221:
1154:"Histoplasmose d'importation à
636:
3723:Distal subungual onychomycosis
3330:Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus
3038:Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
2664:Infantile digital fibromatosis
1051:
994:
968:Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004).
917:
523:, showing narrow budding yeast
1:
4067:Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
2922:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
2759:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
1895:10.1080/22221751.2019.1644539
1424:10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00179-7
1388:10.1016/s0161-6420(85)33921-0
1185:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
926:Archives of Internal Medicine
851:
748:personal protective equipment
562:
386:in blood or urine samples by
311:
195:, and can be shed by bats in
16:Fungal infection of the lungs
4615:Encephalitozoon intestinalis
4108:South American blastomycosis
4103:North American blastomycosis
3708:Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
3398:Systemic lupus erythematosus
3153:Systemic lupus erythematosus
2844:Systemic lupus erythematosus
1676:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1471:"Histoplasma/Histoplasmosis"
1344:10.1097/IAE.0b013e318229b220
1301:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000100
1179:Kauffman CA (January 2007).
1064:Epidemiology Resource Center
1058:Center ER (April 12, 2021).
972:Sherris Medical Microbiology
830:In episode 5 of season 5 of
744:Hierarchy of hazard controls
702:Histoplasmosis in Workplaces
628:
585:
361:
7:
4687:Granuloma gluteale infantum
3713:Tinea unguium/onychomycosis
2679:Lymphangioma circumscriptum
1248:10.1097/MD.0000000000015264
1077:Silberberg P (2007-03-26).
291:superior vena cava syndrome
289:, fibrosing mediastinitis,
10:
4774:
3735:Tinea corporis gladiatorum
3501:Mucous membrane pemphigoid
1999:10.1007/s11046-023-00735-z
815:episode five of season one
789:episode 21 of season three
762:was discovered in 1906 by
754:
542:, methenamine silver stain
4655:
4628:
4594:
4539:
4523:Syncephalastrum racemosum
4485:
4470:
4430:
4319:
4174:
4083:
3967:
3956:
3947:
3927:
3877:
3834:
3763:
3657:
3642:
3633:
3587:
3464:
3431:
3375:
3360:
3351:
3308:
3279:
3258:
3249:
3202:
3161:
3130:
3119:
3101:
3046:
2988:
2930:
2867:
2787:
2716:
2705:
2696:
2611:
2575:
2507:
2500:
2413:
2343:
2301:Ottier M (3 March 2017).
1796:10.1002/14651858.CD013594
1007:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
874:Dermatology: 2-Volume Set
817:of the television series
804:of the television series
791:of the television series
677:St. Lawrence River Valley
392:polymerase chain reaction
87:
73:
64:
31:
26:
4530:Apophysomyces variabilis
4092:Blastomyces dermatitidis
3807:Trichophyton schoenleini
3772:Epidermophyton floccosum
3266:Thrombocytopenic purpura
2912:Dermatitis herpetiformis
2897:Acute contact dermatitis
2849:Pityriasis rubra pilaris
2774:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
2744:Lichen simplex chronicus
2624:Epidermal inclusion cyst
2252:Kroll D (6 March 2014).
1611:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2005109
1121:10.1136/bmj.287.6395.822
444:
183:. Histoplasmosis mimics
4611:Enterocytozoon bieneusi
4574:Conidiobolus incongruus
4516:Lichtheimia corymbifera
4441:Cryptococcus neoformans
4410:Pseudallescheria boydii
3899:Malassezia folliculitis
3821:Trichophyton verrucosum
3531:Squamous-cell carcinoma
3526:Systemic histoplasmosis
2917:Porphyria cutanea tarda
2547:Squamous-cell carcinoma
1109:British Medical Journal
802:episode 4 of season one
169:fibrosing mediastinitis
4738:Animal fungal diseases
4639:Rhinosporidium seeberi
4570:Conidiobolus coronatus
4309:Pneumocystis pneumonia
4298:Pneumocystis jirovecii
4227:Candidal onychomycosis
4217:Antibiotic candidiasis
4073:Paracoccidioidomycosis
4045:African histoplasmosis
4010:Histoplasma capsulatum
3982:Coccidioides posadasii
3800:Trichophyton tonsurans
3506:Cicatricial pemphigoid
3423:Acne keloidalis nuchae
3418:Folliculitis decalvans
1833:Infections in Medicine
1496:Histoplasma capsulatum
1156:Histoplasma capsulatum
724:oil and gas extraction
596:Antifungal medications
556:Histoplasma capsulatum
536:Histoplasma capsulatum
517:Histoplasma capsulatum
489:Histoplasma capsulatum
471:African histoplasmosis
418:paracoccidioidomycosis
400:African histoplasmosis
380:bronchoalveolar lavage
374:
216:
173:interstitial nephritis
140:patients due to their
132:has a one to two week
111:Histoplasma capsulatum
76:Histoplasma capsulatum
4382:Phialophora verrucosa
4212:Chronic mucocutaneous
4130:Talaromyces marneffei
3786:Microsporum audouinii
3408:Loose anagen syndrome
3335:Necrobiosis lipoidica
3271:Actinic/solar purpura
2945:Insect bite reactions
2734:Seborrheic dermatitis
2557:Merkel-cell carcinoma
2537:Molluscum contagiosum
1581:. Saunders Elsevier.
1162:Bull Soc Fr Mycol Med
1001:Pendergast M (2010).
652:valley and the lower
369:
210:
161:adrenal insufficiency
48:Reticuloendotheliosis
4556:Basidiobolus ranarum
4546:Entomophthoramycosis
4360:Exophiala jeanselmei
4257:Systemic candidiasis
4252:Perianal candidiasis
4116:Sporothrix schenckii
4039:Histoplasma duboisii
3978:Coccidioides immitis
3231:Annulare centrifugum
2754:Glucagonoma syndrome
2552:Basal-cell carcinoma
2527:Seborrheic keratosis
2290:on October 26, 2007.
2177:www.idph.state.il.us
1235:Medicine (Baltimore)
1197:10.1128/CMR.00027-06
876:. St. Louis: Mosby.
554:Macroconida form of
405:Histoplasma duboisii
267:macular degeneration
4668:Fungal folliculitis
4396:Geotrichum candidum
4388:Chromoblastomycosis
4232:Candidal paronychia
4222:Candidal intertrigo
3814:Trichophyton rubrum
3476:Aphthous stomatitis
3413:Lichen planopilaris
3388:Androgenic alopecia
3194:Fixed drug eruption
2769:Pemphigus foliaceus
2669:Granular cell tumor
2196:Darling ST (1906).
770:Society and culture
602:, followed by oral
590:In the majority of
329:thermally dimorphic
287:respiratory failure
44:Ohio valley disease
4580:Conidiobolomycosis
4562:Basidiobolomycosis
4378:Fonsecaea compacta
4374:Fonsecaea pedrosoi
4242:Diaper candidiasis
3988:Coccidioidomycosis
3496:Pemphigus vulgaris
3325:Granuloma annulare
3189:Carcinoid syndrome
3074:Tuberous sclerosis
3033:Coccidioidomycosis
2907:Bullous pemphigoid
2902:Pemphigus vulgaris
2834:Secondary syphilis
2724:Contact dermatitis
2414:External resources
2116:10.3390/jof7070510
1009:. pp. 13–14.
833:Monsters Inside Me
515:Histopathology of
487:Histopathology of
414:coccidioidomycosis
375:
241:hepatosplenomegaly
217:
203:Signs and symptoms
94:Infectious disease
4715:
4714:
4707:Phaeohyphomycosis
4692:Hyalohyphomycosis
4624:
4623:
4590:
4589:
4426:
4425:
4170:
4169:
3923:
3922:
3888:Malassezia furfur
3873:
3872:
3843:Hortaea werneckii
3830:
3829:
3779:Microsporum canis
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3383:Telogen effluvium
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3245:
3244:
3097:
3096:
2965:Lichen spinulosus
2960:Keratosis pilaris
2839:Mycosis fungoides
2739:Stasis dermatitis
2729:Atopic dermatitis
2692:
2691:
2567:Trichoepithelioma
2542:Actinic keratosis
2462:
2461:
2238:978-1-4557-4801-3
1839:on March 14, 2010
1588:978-0-7216-2921-6
1044:978-0-7216-0187-8
987:978-0-8385-8529-0
910:978-0-7020-6830-0
883:978-1-4160-2999-1
764:Samuel T. Darling
654:Mississippi River
398:with antigens of
327:). The fungus is
283:immunocompromised
142:immunosuppression
134:incubation period
99:
98:
40:Darling's disease
21:Medical condition
4765:
4645:Rhinosporidiosis
4601:Microsporidiosis
4541:Entomophthorales
4483:
4482:
4460:Trichosporonosis
4186:Candida albicans
4160:Adiaspiromycosis
3965:
3964:
3954:
3953:
3945:
3944:
3894:Tinea versicolor
3655:
3654:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3630:
3577:Fungal infection
3570:
3563:
3556:
3547:
3546:
3481:Oral candidiasis
3358:
3357:
3256:
3255:
3184:Erythema nodosum
3128:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3054:Tinea versicolor
2892:Bullous impetigo
2829:Pityriasis rosea
2764:Lichen sclerosus
2749:Darier's disease
2714:
2713:
2703:
2702:
2659:Kaposi's sarcoma
2505:
2504:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2341:
2340:
2330:CDC Disease Info
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2286:. Archived from
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2118:
2103:Journal of Fungi
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2069:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2042:"Histoplasmosis"
2038:
2029:
2028:
2018:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1907:
1897:
1888:(1): 1139–1145.
1873:
1867:
1866:
1859:"Histoplasmosis"
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1835:. Archived from
1824:
1818:
1817:
1807:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1732:
1726:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1638:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1547:
1541:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1513:"Histoplasmosis"
1509:
1503:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1267:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1132:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1081:. Archived from
1074:
1068:
1067:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1030:
1021:
1020:
998:
992:
991:
975:
965:
950:
949:
921:
915:
914:
894:
888:
887:
869:
845:Call The Midwife
693:H. c. capsulatum
683:, In India, the
551:
532:
512:
484:
297:with structural
177:lymphangiectasia
106:fungal infection
69:
24:
23:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4758:Fungal diseases
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4651:
4620:
4598:
4586:
4543:
4535:
4502:Rhizopus oryzae
4489:
4474:
4466:
4422:
4315:
4166:
4079:
3960:
3937:
3932:
3919:
3869:
3857:Piedraia hortae
3826:
3759:
3750:Tinea incognito
3745:Tinea imbricata
3649:Dermatophytosis
3646:
3620:
3611:
3602:
3596:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3544:
3535:
3467:
3460:
3427:
3393:Alopecia areata
3371:
3353:
3339:
3296:
3275:
3251:
3241:
3198:
3157:
3143:Viral exanthems
3121:
3105:
3103:
3093:
3064:Pityriasis alba
3042:
2984:
2926:
2863:
2783:
2779:Zinc deficiency
2709:
2707:
2688:
2616:
2607:
2571:
2562:Nevus sebaceous
2496:
2493:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2409:
2408:
2352:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2311:
2309:
2299:
2295:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2262:
2260:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2225:
2221:
2194:
2190:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2154:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2095:
2091:
2082:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2059:
2050:
2048:
2046:medlineplus.gov
2040:
2039:
2032:
1979:
1975:
1952:
1948:
1925:
1921:
1874:
1870:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1825:
1821:
1790:(4): CD013594.
1776:
1772:
1733:
1729:
1715:
1711:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1575:
1571:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1407:
1403:
1371:
1367:
1328:
1324:
1285:
1281:
1226:
1222:
1177:
1173:
1150:
1146:
1115:(6395): 822–3.
1101:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1075:
1071:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1031:
1024:
1017:
999:
995:
988:
966:
953:
922:
918:
911:
895:
891:
884:
870:
859:
854:
772:
757:
704:
675:In Canada, the
639:
631:
592:immunocompetent
588:
572:bat droppings.
565:
558:
552:
543:
533:
524:
513:
504:
499:of epithelioid
485:
447:
432:in the blood.
394:. Antigens can
364:
314:
279:
255:chorioretinitis
245:lymphadenopathy
205:
59:Caver's disease
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4771:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4634:
4632:
4630:Mesomycetozoea
4626:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4606:
4604:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4551:
4549:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4497:
4495:
4480:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4449:
4447:Cryptococcosis
4436:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4416:Allescheriasis
4406:
4405:
4404:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4326:
4324:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4304:Pneumocystosis
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4181:
4179:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4154:Emmonsia parva
4150:
4145:
4143:Scedosporiosis
4140:
4139:
4138:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4122:Sporotrichosis
4112:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4016:Histoplasmosis
4006:
4005:
4004:
3995:
3990:
3973:
3971:
3962:
3951:
3942:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3883:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3691:Dermatophytids
3688:
3681:Tinea corporis
3678:
3677:
3676:
3661:
3659:
3652:
3637:
3628:
3599:dermatomycosis
3585:
3584:
3581:mesomycetozoea
3573:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3516:Coxsackievirus
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3233:
3228:
3226:Gyratum repens
3223:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3148:Toxic erythema
3145:
3140:
3138:Drug eruptions
3134:
3132:
3125:
3114:
3107:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2975:Lichen nitidus
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2877:Herpes simplex
2873:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2711:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2444:
2430:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2395:
2384:
2369:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:Classification
2338:
2337:
2334:histoplasmosis
2325:
2324:External links
2322:
2319:
2318:
2293:
2269:
2244:
2237:
2219:
2208:(17): 1283–5.
2202:J Am Med Assoc
2188:
2161:
2140:
2089:
2057:
2030:
1993:(4): 307–334.
1987:Mycopathologia
1973:
1946:
1919:
1868:
1850:
1819:
1770:
1727:
1709:
1688:10.1086/521259
1665:
1647:(4): 155–159.
1624:
1594:
1587:
1569:
1542:
1529:
1504:
1487:
1462:
1437:
1401:
1382:(8): 1159–64.
1365:
1322:
1279:
1242:(17): e15264.
1220:
1171:
1144:
1095:
1069:
1050:
1043:
1022:
1015:
993:
986:
951:
916:
909:
889:
882:
856:
855:
853:
850:
849:
848:
837:
828:
811:
798:
785:
779:
771:
768:
756:
753:
703:
700:
681:Southeast Asia
638:
635:
630:
627:
600:amphotericin B
587:
584:
564:
561:
560:
559:
553:
546:
544:
534:
527:
525:
514:
507:
505:
486:
479:
476:
475:
474:
473:
468:
463:
458:
446:
443:
438:Sabouraud agar
363:
360:
313:
310:
278:
275:
204:
201:
151:, victims had
102:Histoplasmosis
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
79:. Methenamine
71:
70:
62:
61:
33:
29:
28:
27:Histoplasmosis
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4770:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:Bird diseases
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4702:Keratomycosis
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4663:Alternariosis
4661:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4597:
4596:Microsporidia
4593:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4509:Mucor indicus
4506:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4473:
4469:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4432:Basidiomycota
4429:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4337:Aspergillosis
4335:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4291:C. tropicalis
4288:
4286:
4285:
4284:C. lusitaniae
4281:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4136:Talaromycosis
4134:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4098:Blastomycosis
4096:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4053:Lacazia loboi
4050:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3940:opportunistic
3935:
3930:
3926:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3879:Basidiomycota
3876:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3669:tinea capitis
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3566:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Lichen planus
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:Onychomycosis
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3403:Tinea capitis
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3352:Miscellaneous
3350:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3250:Nonblanchable
3248:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3100:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:Hypopigmented
3045:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2998:Acne vulgaris
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:Lichen planus
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:Herpes zoster
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Parapsoriasis
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1935:(7): 1020–8.
1934:
1930:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1743:(3): 361–92.
1742:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1682:(7): 807–25.
1681:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1558:(6): 439–45.
1557:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1533:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:Ophthalmology
1405:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:Ophthalmology
1369:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1338:(3): 468–72.
1337:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1295:(6): 508–12.
1294:
1290:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:(1): 115–32.
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1085:on 2016-03-03
1084:
1080:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1018:
1016:9780151011209
1012:
1008:
1004:
997:
989:
983:
979:
974:
973:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
920:
912:
906:
902:
901:
893:
885:
879:
875:
868:
866:
864:
862:
857:
846:
842:
838:
835:
834:
829:
826:
822:
821:
816:
812:
809:
808:
807:New Amsterdam
803:
799:
796:
795:
790:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:
767:
765:
761:
752:
749:
745:
741:
736:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
707:H. capsulatum
699:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
670:H. capsulatum
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:H. capsulatum
634:
626:
624:
620:
616:
611:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
583:
581:
576:
573:
570:
569:H. capsulatum
557:
550:
545:
541:
537:
531:
526:
522:
518:
511:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:H&E stain
490:
483:
478:
477:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
451:
450:
442:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:talaromycosis
419:
415:
411:
410:blastomycosis
407:
406:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
372:
368:
359:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:H. capsulatum
309:
307:
302:
300:
296:
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288:
284:
277:Complications
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:, where the
256:
252:
248:
246:
242:
238:
237:mediastinitis
233:
231:
227:
223:
214:
213:H. capsulatum
209:
200:
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178:
175:, intestinal
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130:H. capsulatum
127:
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122:H. capsulatum
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63:
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4753:Dog diseases
4748:Cat diseases
4672:
4637:
4609:
4568:
4554:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4492:Mucormycosis
4453:Trichosporon
4451:
4439:
4408:
4402:Geotrichosis
4394:
4372:
4358:
4342:Aspergilloma
4329:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4207:Vulvovaginal
4184:
4152:
4128:
4114:
4090:
4065:
4051:
4037:
4015:
4008:
3976:
3961:(yeast+mold)
3929:Subcutaneous
3913:White piedra
3907:Trichosporon
3905:
3886:
3863:Black piedra
3855:
3841:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3740:Tinea faciei
3703:Tinea manuum
3698:Tinea cruris
3665:Tinea barbae
3644:Dermatophyte
3525:
3456:Ingrown nail
3028:Dermatophyte
3023:Gonococcemia
3008:Folliculitis
2649:Neurofibroma
2617:subcutaneous
2446:
2432:
2421:
2397:
2386:
2371:
2356:
2332:
2310:. Retrieved
2306:
2296:
2288:the original
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2180:. Retrieved
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2081:. Retrieved
2079:. 2022-08-17
2076:
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2045:
1990:
1986:
1976:
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1959:
1955:
1949:
1932:
1928:
1922:
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1881:
1871:
1863:www.ccohs.ca
1862:
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1841:. Retrieved
1837:the original
1832:
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1725:Home Edition
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1516:
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1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1474:
1465:
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1449:
1446:"Hemoptysis"
1440:
1418:(4): 725–9.
1415:
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1087:. Retrieved
1083:the original
1072:
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971:
932:(2): 181–3.
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825:Vince Masuka
818:
805:
792:
759:
758:
737:
706:
705:
697:
692:
674:
669:
657:
641:
640:
637:Epidemiology
632:
619:voriconazole
615:posaconazole
612:
608:
604:itraconazole
589:
579:
577:
574:
568:
566:
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539:
535:
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488:
448:
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349:
341:microconidia
316:
315:
303:
299:lung disease
280:
270:
249:
234:
230:tuberculosis
218:
212:
181:epididymitis
153:pericarditis
149:Indianapolis
146:
129:
121:
120:
109:
101:
100:
81:silver stain
74:
58:
51:
47:
43:
39:
36:Cave disease
35:
18:
4477:Zygomycosis
4331:Aspergillus
4277:C. glabrata
4192:Candidiasis
4148:Emmonsiosis
4059:Lobomycosis
3849:Tinea nigra
3764:By organism
3658:By location
3589:Superficial
3511:Herpesvirus
3491:Leukoplakia
3316:Scleroderma
3203:Specialized
3131:Generalized
3106:involvement
3018:Candidiasis
2710:involvement
2684:Myxoid cyst
2532:Acrochordon
2423:MedlinePlus
2077:www.cdc.gov
1517:Mayo Clinic
1498:depends on
1168:(1): 87–90.
776:Johnny Cash
760:Histoplasma
728:agriculture
712:landscaping
666:East Africa
658:Histoplasma
623:fluconazole
580:Histoplasma
501:histiocytes
434:Histoplasma
430:Histoplasma
402:(caused by
396:cross-react
371:Chest X-ray
271:Histoplasma
226:Chest X-ray
197:their feces
32:Other names
4722:Categories
4697:Otomycosis
4680:Fusariosis
4472:Zygomycota
4366:Eumycetoma
4202:Esophageal
3969:Onygenales
3949:Ascomycota
3635:Ascomycota
3451:Paronychia
3292:Vasculitis
3216:Multiforme
3214:Erythema (
3169:Cellulitis
3120:Blanchable
2869:Blistering
2859:Ichthyosis
2717:Eczematous
2629:Hemangioma
2399:DiseasesDB
2312:2022-10-30
2263:2017-11-04
2182:2023-12-04
2155:2023-12-04
2109:(7): 510.
2083:2023-12-04
2051:2023-12-04
1089:2007-07-27
852:References
794:House M.D.
650:Ohio River
563:Prevention
426:antibodies
312:Mechanisms
306:hemoptysis
191:, and the
108:caused by
4656:Ungrouped
4487:Mucorales
3958:Dimorphic
3622:endothrix
3594:cutaneous
3446:Psoriasis
3354:disorders
3309:Indurated
3210:Urticaria
3162:Localized
3104:epidermal
2887:Varicella
2797:Psoriasis
2708:epidermal
2674:Leiomyoma
2576:Pigmented
2509:Epidermal
2434:eMedicine
2007:0301-486X
1617:13 August
1256:1536-5964
782:Bob Dylan
720:quarrying
629:Prognosis
586:Treatment
521:GMS stain
497:granuloma
362:Diagnosis
345:phagosome
325:starlings
215:infection
189:pneumonia
157:parotitis
89:Specialty
53:Spelunker
4733:Zoonoses
4674:Fusarium
4270:C. auris
4237:Candidid
3934:systemic
3686:Ringworm
3617:exothrix
3521:Syphilis
3468:membrane
3123:Erythema
3059:Vitiligo
3013:Impetigo
2990:Pustular
2955:Miliaria
2803:Corporis
2654:Xanthoma
2603:Melanoma
2583:Freckles
2448:Orphanet
2442:ped/1017
2439:med/1021
2135:34206791
2025:37294504
2016:10386973
1968:28218139
1914:31364950
1843:July 15,
1814:32343003
1765:34340503
1757:19275278
1696:17806045
1653:15538817
1564:14700213
1432:10768335
1360:25507234
1352:21817958
1317:43761401
1309:25237930
1274:31027078
1215:17223625
946:13834312
732:forestry
685:Gangetic
662:Southern
540:duboisii
428:against
384:antigens
352:thiamine
333:mycelium
3320:morphea
3280:Papular
3259:Macular
3252:Purpura
3236:Ab igne
3221:Migrans
3174:Abscess
3102:Without
3084:Leprosy
3003:Rosacea
2940:Scabies
2932:Papular
2801:Tinea (
2789:Scaling
2593:Melasma
2588:Lentigo
2501:Growths
2393:D006660
2126:8306883
1941:1213788
1905:6711083
1805:7192368
1704:7182568
1522:24 July
1500:de novo
1480:24 July
1455:24 July
1396:2413418
1265:6831385
1206:1797635
1139:6412842
1130:1549119
839:In the
755:History
646:endemic
295:Smokers
259:choroid
253:causes
165:uveitis
55:'s lung
3674:Kerion
3613:Piedra
3466:Mucous
3362:Ulcers
2823:Faciei
2818:Manuum
2808:Cruris
2698:Rashes
2644:Lipoma
2639:Keloid
2613:Dermal
2522:Callus
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2258:Forbes
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820:Dexter
716:mining
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621:, and
420:, and
263:retina
179:, and
4323:-like
4178:-like
4176:Yeast
4084:Other
3835:Other
3755:Favus
3604:Tinea
2813:Pedis
2598:Nevus
1761:S2CID
1737:Drugs
1700:S2CID
1637:(PDF)
1552:Cutis
1356:S2CID
1313:S2CID
687:West
538:var.
445:Types
388:ELISA
337:yeast
321:guano
222:acute
185:colds
126:guano
116:lungs
104:is a
4321:Mold
4197:Oral
3938:and
3626:hair
3624:) =
3608:skin
3579:and
3433:Nail
3376:Hair
3179:Boil
2706:With
2517:Wart
2404:5925
2388:MeSH
2377:9-CM
2307:KWQC
2233:ISBN
2131:PMID
2021:PMID
2003:ISSN
1964:PMID
1937:PMID
1910:PMID
1845:2009
1810:PMID
1753:PMID
1692:PMID
1649:PMID
1619:2017
1583:ISBN
1560:PMID
1524:2021
1482:2021
1457:2021
1428:PMID
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1348:PMID
1305:PMID
1270:PMID
1252:ISSN
1211:PMID
1135:PMID
1039:ISBN
1011:ISBN
982:ISBN
980:–6.
942:PMID
905:ISBN
878:ISBN
730:and
664:and
261:and
138:AIDS
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3591:and
3113:Red
2615:and
2453:390
2382:115
2373:ICD
2367:B39
2358:ICD
2283:CNN
2210:doi
2121:PMC
2111:doi
2011:PMC
1995:doi
1991:188
1900:PMC
1890:doi
1800:PMC
1792:doi
1745:doi
1719:at
1684:doi
1607:doi
1420:doi
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1340:doi
1297:doi
1260:PMC
1244:doi
1201:PMC
1193:doi
1125:PMC
1117:doi
1113:287
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930:105
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