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135:
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for a mean of 0 °C. Inland, the northern areas range from 0 °C to 10 °C in low areas, and from -5 °C to 5 °C on the plateaus (again, mean around 0 °C), while in the south, low areas range from -3 °C to 4 °C, and higher areas are clearly below 0 °C. The coldest spots usually register temperatures between -20 °C and -25 °C during cold waves, and the official record is -33.9 °C in Chubut province. However, some towns claim to have had records of around -35 °C.
342:
482:
in the Rio
Colorado region, a general 26 °C to 29 °C in the northern coast, and 24 °C to 28 °C in the northern plain, with nights around 12 °C to 15 °C in the coast and between 7 °C and 10 °C in the steppe. In the south, summer temperatures decrease from 22 °C to only 16 °C along the coast, and from 24 °C to 17 °C along the steppes, while nights go from 8 °C to 11 °C on the coast, and from 6 °C to 10 °C in the steppe.
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147:
25:
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Despite the harsh desert environment, a number of animals venture into and live in the
Patagonian. Some only live on the more habitable and geographically-varied outskirts of the desert, where food is more abundant and the environment less hostile, but all are found within the region encompassing the
485:
During the winter, the proximity to the coast and the altitude are the main factors: while northern coastal areas have mild winters, from 2 °C at night to about 11 °C during the day, southern Santa Cruz ranges from -2 °C to 5 °C, and Tierra del Fuego, from -3 °C to 3 °C,
469:
The
Patagonian Desert is the largest desert south of the 40° parallel and is a large cold winter desert, where the temperature rarely exceeds 12 °C and averages just 3 °C. The region experiences about seven months of winter and five months of summer. Frost is not uncommon in the desert but,
481:
Different climates can be distinguished: the coast north of the 45th parallel is much milder because of the warm currents from Brazil, and the entire northern half of the region is significantly warmer in the summer, when sunny weather predominates. Daily temperatures in the summer reach 31 °C
1135:
Folguera, Andrés; Encinas, Alfonso; Echaurren, Andrés; Gianni, Guido; Orts, Darío; Valencia, Víctor; Carrasco, Gabriel (2018). "Constraints on the
Neogene growth of the central Patagonian Andes at thelatitude of the Chile triple junction (45–47°S) using U/Pb geochronology insynorogenic strata".
907:
campaign, massively defeating
Mapuche warlords. The Conquest of the Desert was followed by a sharp decline in the indigenous population of the desert; some were chased into Chile and peripheral areas in the Andes. It is estimated that the Conquest of the Desert caused the death of about 1,000
927:
The area is sparsely populated today and those that do live here survive mainly by the raising of livestock such as sheep and goats. Resource mining, especially of oil, gas, and coal in parts of the region, is another way humans interact with and influence the desert environment.
519:
canyons and clay shapes dotting the landscape, sculpted by the desert wind. The region encompassing the desert, however, has many diverse features. Ephemeral rivers, lakes, and drainage deposits from the Andes' spring melt form annually, hosting a variety of
470:
due to the very dry condition year round, snow is rare. The Andes, to the desert's west, are the primary reason for the
Patagonian desert status as they inhibit the westerly flow of moisture from the southern Pacific from reaching inland. This creates a
524:
and aquatic grasses. A variety of glacial, fluvial, and volcanic deposits are also found in the region and have significantly affected the desert's climate over time, especially contributing to the gravel sediments covering parts of the
Patagonian.
507:. However, after the formation of the Andes, ash from nearby volcanoes covered the forests and mineral-saturated waters seeped into the logs, thus fossilizing the trees and creating one of the world's best preserved
1113:
Eric
Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
528:
The desert is quite windy as well, a result of the rain shadow effect and descending cool mountain air. This wind helps make the
Patagonian one of the largest sources of dust over the South Atlantic Ocean.
923:
In the few decades before and after 1900 the less dry parts of the
Patagonian steppe experienced a sheep farming boom, transforming the region into one of the world's greatest exporters of ovine products.
880:. Mapuches came to practise horse husbandry in the northern part of the Patagonian steppe. Mapuche tribes came to control trade across the desert and traded with the cities of southern Chile as well as
965:
474:
that accounts for the formation of the desert and is why, despite approximately half of the desert being only about 200 miles from the ocean, such a large desert is found in the region. The cold
955:
489:
Summer frost is common everywhere except for the northern coast, and even sleet and light snow can fall during the warm season. Winds are constant and very strong, from the west in most cases.
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From the mid-19th century onwards several Argentine and European settlements, some of them sporadic, appeared at the edges of the desert. The most important was established at
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913:
912:. Additionally 10,000 Native Americans were taken prisoner of whom 3,000 ended up in Buenos Aires separated by sexes to avoid their procreation. The
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and did not practise agriculture in lush valleys found in the desert. In the 18th and 19th centuries the northern part of the desert came under
183:
916:
bought most of the desert under definitive Argentine sovereignty; previously Chile had claimed varying now Argentine areas under claims of
1369:"20th-Century doubling in dust archived in an Antarctic Peninsula ice core parallels climate change and desertification in South America"
832:. Aquatic grasses and larger flora exist on the outskirts of the desert and around the ephemeral lakes that form from the Andes' runoff.
1125:
The Physical Geography of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Andrea M. J. Coronato, Fernando Coronato, Elizabeth Mazzoni and Mirian Vazquez
598:
89:
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by area, occupying approx. 673,000 square kilometres (260,000 mi). It is located primarily in Argentina and is bounded by the
61:
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68:
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Observations and Measurements of Dust Transport from the Patagonia Desert into the South Atlantic Ocean in 2004 and 2005
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909:
42:
1971:
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A 2017 assessment found that 70,970 km, or 12%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include:
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108:
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McConnell, Joseph R.; Aristarain, Alberto J.; Banta, J. Ryan; Edwards, P. Ross; Simo, Jefferson C. (2007).
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The flora of the region is quite common for its climate and includes several species of desert shrubs like
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405:. Topographically the deserts consist of alternating tablelands and massifs dissected by river valleys and
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Late Cenozoic Quaternary Volcanism in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Hugo Corbella and Luis E. Lara
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960:
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1991:
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Malloy, Richard; Brock, John; Floyd, Anthony; Livingston, Margaret; Webb, Robert H. (2016-04-19).
805:, and various species of eagle and hawk are a few of the variety of animals living in the region.
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82:
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8:
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1278:. Encyclopedia of Earth, National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC
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Volcanic rocks covers more than 120,000 km of the Patagonian Desert, mainly in the
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plant species albeit to the west, where precipitation is higher, bushes are replaced by
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Astronaut photography of the Patagonian Desert (most of the view) contrasted with the
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in the area. The earliest inhabitants of the desert known by name are those of the
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2014:
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explored the desert in the 1870s. In the 1870s the Argentine army undertook the
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off the Atlantic coast of South America also contributes to the area's aridity.
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since Pre-Hispanic times, the desert faced migration in the 19th century of
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852:, most of the larger settlements in the steppe are located along the coast.
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1264:. The Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System, Harvard University.
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1334:"Does dust from Patagonia reach the sub-Antarctic Atlantic ocean?"
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Design with the Desert: Conservation and Sustainable Development
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Before the Andes were formed, the region was likely covered by
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to an integral part of Argentina, with cattle, sheep and horse
406:
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1317:"Patagonian steppe". DOPA Explorer. Accessed 16 April 2022
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451:(14–12 million years ago) and came into existence as the
1193:, Arid Lands Information Center, University of Arizona.
432:, and other European peoples, transforming it from a
1260:
Gasso, S.; Gaiero, D. M.; Villoslada, B.; Liske, E.
914:
boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina
393:. The central parts of the steppe are dominated by
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2415:
536:portion of the Patagonian Desert are bounded by
361:, is the largest desert in Argentina and is the
1373:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
951:Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park
567:distributed mainly in two episodes: one in the
2459:Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
334:A satellite image of the Patagonian Desert by
184:Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
1435:
741:
1273:World Wildlife Fund; C.Michael Hogan. 2010.
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447:The Patagonian Desert has existed since the
409:. The more western parts of the steppe host
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1331:
748:
734:
385:. To the north the desert grades into the
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413:and grades into barren mountains or cold
230:572,883 km (221,191 sq mi)
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
839:
555:. Some other volcanic areas include the
509:petrified forests in the desert's center
491:
458:
340:
329:
563:. The volcanic rocks are the result of
551:(i.e. North Patagonian Massif) and the
511:. The Patagonian is mainly composed of
349:, seen flowing eastward from the Andes.
2416:
966:La Ascensión Wilderness Nature Reserve
151:Map of the Patagonian Steppe ecoregion
1423:
1310:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1021:Patagonia Wilderness Nature Reserve
1011:Patagonia National Park (Argentina)
956:El Rincón Wilderness Nature Reserve
575:and the other from Late Miocene to
13:
976:Laguna del Diamante Nature Reserve
931:
582:
498:Bosques Petrificados National Park
363:eighth-largest desert in the world
14:
2475:
1449:
1078:
835:
253:Falkland Islands / Islas Malvinas
941:Bernardo O'Higgins National Park
597:
496:Barren Patagonian Desert at the
145:
133:
23:
1332:Gasso, S.; Stein, A.F. (2007).
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1282:
1016:Patagonia National Park (Chile)
981:Laguna San Rafael National Park
34:needs additional citations for
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1254:
1235:
1223:
1196:
1176:
1128:
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1031:Sea Lion Island Nature Reserve
991:Leicester Falls Nature Reserve
876:influence during a process of
856:The desert has hosted various
373:to its east, in the region of
1:
1097:
868:complex. Tehuelches lived as
860:in its past, as evidenced by
2464:Deserts and xeric shrublands
946:Cerro Castillo National Park
180:Deserts and xeric shrublands
7:
1276:Magellanic subpolar forests
1160:10.1016/j.tecto.2018.06.011
1041:
1026:Perito Moreno National Park
996:Los Glaciares National Park
971:Laguna Blanca National Park
542:Magellanic subpolar forests
434:conflictive borderland zone
213:Valdivian temperate forests
202:Magellanic subpolar forests
139:Patagonian Steppe landscape
16:Largest desert in Argentina
10:
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1209:. CRC Press. p. 21.
1184:Climatology of Arid Lands
918:inherited colonial titles
724:Tierra del Fuego Province
515:plains and plateaus with
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268:
234:
226:
221:
189:
173:
161:
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144:
132:
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1036:Valdes Biosphere Reserve
1001:Monte León National Park
557:Pali-Aike Volcanic Field
2439:Ecoregions of Argentina
1483:List of deserts by area
1394:10.1073/pnas.0607657104
1073:Cold semi-arid climates
1006:Pali Aike National Park
682:Administrative division
417:forests along valleys.
411:lakes of glacial origin
369:, to its west, and the
2454:Neotropical ecoregions
2065:Gran Desierto de Altar
1306:. World Wildlife Fund.
1304:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1092:. World Wildlife Fund.
1090:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1053:Conquest of the Desert
961:Kawésqar National Park
905:Conquest of the Desert
853:
820:and tuft grasses like
500:
350:
338:
207:Southern Andean steppe
2364:North American Arctic
2105:North American Arctic
1297:World Wildlife Fund.
1063:Great American Desert
843:
534:Patagonian grasslands
495:
459:Geography and climate
344:
333:
2434:Deserts of Argentina
2424:Ecology of Patagonia
1359:10.1029/2006GL027693
1068:Cold desert climates
803:western ribbon snake
357:, also known as the
43:improve this article
2444:Ecoregions of Chile
2292:Los Médanos de Coro
2040:Channeled scablands
1663:Ramlat al-Sab'atayn
1385:2007PNAS..104.5743M
1350:2007GeoRL..34.1801G
1300:"Patagonian Steppe"
1182:McDonald, James E.
1152:2018Tectp.744..134F
1086:"Patagonian Steppe"
986:Lanín National Park
795:Patagonian gray fox
720:Santa Cruz Province
672:Alberto de Agostini
640:Magellanic moorland
316:Critical/endangered
312:Conservation status
286: /
58:"Patagonian Desert"
2085:Jornada del Muerto
1488:Desert exploration
1338:Geophys. Res. Lett
1248:2008-01-03 at the
1189:2007-06-16 at the
858:indigenous peoples
854:
712:Río Negro Province
636:Magellanic forests
565:back-arc volcanism
561:Strait of Magellan
501:
440:being the primary
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339:
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2410:
2384:
2383:
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2267:
1953:
1952:
1630:Arabian Peninsula
1586:Plaine des Sables
1379:(14): 5743–5748.
1216:978-1-4398-8138-5
1058:Magallanes Region
787:Patagonian weasel
758:
757:
700:Magallanes Region
656:Laguna San Rafael
644:Patagonian steppe
632:Valdivian forests
616:Western Patagonia
612:Eastern Patagonia
549:Somún Cura Massif
532:On the west, the
505:temperate forests
359:Patagonian Steppe
355:Patagonian Desert
328:
327:
128:
127:Patagonian Steppe
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118:
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93:
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2429:Deserts of Chile
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910:Native Americans
897:Welsh immigrants
870:hunter-gatherers
761:Patagonian. The
750:
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736:
708:Neuquén Province
676:Tierra del Fuego
668:Torres del Paine
620:Tierra del Fuego
601:
587:
586:
476:Falkland Current
422:hunter-gatherers
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2207:Nullarbor Plain
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2075:Great Salt Lake
2020:Baja California
1996:
1967:Bardenas Reales
1949:
1931:
1884:Iranian Plateau
1878:
1835:
1760:
1741:Saryesik-Atyrau
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1615:
1551:Farafra (White)
1492:
1478:List of deserts
1468:Desertification
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1326:Further reading
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932:Protected areas
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783:pygmy armadillo
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716:Chubut Province
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692:Palena Province
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583:Fauna and flora
540:forests of the
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336:NASA World Wind
324:70,970 km (12%)
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290:41.32°S 69.32°W
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2145:Tule (Arizona)
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2140:Tonopah Desert
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2115:Painted Desert
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465:Arid Diagonal
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455:to the west.
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420:Inhabited by
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2344:Meyer Desert
2301:
2202:Little Sandy
1972:Cabo de Gata
1854:Indus Valley
1774:Badain Jaran
1696:Aral Karakum
1688:Central Asia
1678:Wahiba Sands
1591:Richtersveld
1516:Black Desert
1473:Polar desert
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1089:
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893:Chubut River
890:
882:Buenos Aires
855:
827:
821:
817:Benthamiella
815:
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807:
759:
703:
696:Aysén Region
687:
664:Nahuel Huapi
643:
546:
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446:
419:
358:
354:
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306:Conservation
256:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2252:New Zealand
2232:Sturt Stony
2192:Great Sandy
2130:Smoke Creek
2095:Lechuguilla
2080:Great Sandy
2070:Great Basin
1711:Betpak-Dala
1169:11336/88399
1146:: 134–154.
886:Cuyo Region
767:lesser rhea
577:Pleistocene
472:rain shadow
387:Cuyo Region
377:, southern
347:Limay River
293: /
269:Coordinates
168:Neotropical
2418:Categories
2339:Antarctica
2302:Patagonian
2287:La Guajira
2227:Strzelecki
2120:Red Desert
2060:Forty Mile
2045:Chihuahuan
2025:Black Rock
1841:South Asia
1826:Taklamakan
1601:Tanezrouft
1098:References
846:Rada Tilly
626:Ecoregions
538:nothofagus
463:See also:
453:Andes rose
426:Argentines
399:herbaceous
69:newspapers
2449:Patagonia
2369:Greenland
2331:Antarctic
2179:Australia
2055:Escalante
1992:Deliblato
1849:Cholistan
1766:East Asia
1566:Moçâmedes
899:in 1860.
866:Tehuelche
848:, on the
775:tuco-tuco
704:Argentina
591:Patagonia
559:near the
522:waterfowl
517:sandstone
442:land uses
438:husbandry
415:temperate
379:Argentina
375:Patagonia
321:Protected
242:Argentina
235:Countries
222:Geography
99:June 2023
2398:Category
2050:Colorado
2030:Carcross
2015:Amargosa
1987:Tabernas
1977:Monegros
1927:Registan
1731:Moiynkum
1726:Kyzylkum
1638:Ad-Dahna
1556:Kalahari
1506:Algerian
1413:17389397
1246:Archived
1187:Archived
1042:See also
884:and the
389:and the
258:disputed
2403:Commons
2393:Project
2312:Tatacoa
2307:Sechura
2282:Atacama
2260:Rangipo
2222:Simpson
2217:Pedirka
2212:Painted
2170:Oceania
2135:Sonoran
1982:Oleshky
1859:Katpana
1831:Tengger
1756:Ustyurt
1746:Sarykum
1721:Karakum
1706:Barsuki
1701:Aralkum
1653:Judaean
1648:Arabian
1611:Western
1541:Eastern
1531:Danakil
1452:deserts
1404:1851562
1381:Bibcode
1346:Bibcode
1148:Bibcode
874:Mapuche
771:guanaco
606:Regions
573:Miocene
407:canyons
403:grasses
395:shrubby
281:69°19′W
278:41°19′S
190:Borders
157:Ecology
83:scholar
2356:Arctic
2242:Tirari
2237:Tanami
2187:Gibson
2125:Sevier
2110:Owyhee
2100:Mojave
2035:Carson
2010:Alvord
1959:Europe
1945:La Paz
1922:Polond
1917:Naomid
1864:Kharan
1821:Qaidam
1809:Kubuqi
1799:Kumtag
1751:Taukum
1673:Syrian
1606:Ténéré
1596:Sahara
1576:Nubian
1561:Libyan
1536:Djurab
1526:Chalbi
1511:Bayuda
1498:Africa
1463:Desert
1450:World
1411:
1401:
1213:
1048:Desert
569:Eocene
513:gravel
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2297:Monte
1912:Margo
1902:Leili
1897:Khash
1892:Kavir
1814:Mu Us
1804:Ordos
1658:Negev
1643:Nefud
1581:Nyiri
1571:Namib
1546:Ferlo
1243:Paian
1241:BBC.
1229:PBS.
844:Like
823:Stipa
688:Chile
430:Welsh
391:Monte
383:Chile
367:Andes
247:Chile
175:Biome
163:Realm
90:JSTOR
76:books
2160:Yuma
2155:Yuha
2090:Kaʻū
1874:Thar
1869:Thal
1789:Hami
1779:Gobi
1621:Asia
1521:Blue
1409:PMID
1211:ISBN
826:and
814:and
791:puma
779:mara
571:and
397:and
353:The
227:Area
62:news
1907:Lut
1794:Lop
1736:Ryn
1399:PMC
1389:doi
1377:104
1354:doi
1164:hdl
1156:doi
1144:744
829:Poa
45:by
2420::
1407:.
1397:.
1387:.
1375:.
1371:.
1352:.
1342:34
1340:.
1336:.
1302:.
1162:.
1154:.
1142:.
1106:^
1088:.
920:.
888:.
801:,
797:,
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769:,
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710:,
674:,
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579:.
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444:.
428:,
182:,
1443:e
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1391::
1383::
1362:.
1356::
1348::
1219:.
1172:.
1166::
1158::
1150::
749:e
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735:v
261:)
255:(
249:,
209:,
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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