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has constructed palaces, temples, houses, yards and hotels for foreigners, with jewels. The natural beauty of Patala is said to surpass that of Svarga. There is no sunlight in the lower realms, but the darkness is dissipated by the shining of the jewels that the residents of Patala wear. There is no
575:
to Patala. Narada describes Patala as more beautiful than Svarga. Patala is described as filled with splendid jewels, beautiful groves and lakes and lovely asura maidens. Sweet fragrance is in the air and is fused with sweet music. The soil here is white, black, purple, sandy, yellow, stony and also
893:
In early
Vajrayana, Patala (Tibetan: sa 'og ས་འོག་ "the Underground") is understood as a grouping of underground paradises inhabited by nāgas and asuras above the Naraka realm. While the story of the establishment of Patala as an asura realm is attributed to the defeat of the asuras on
589:
s ("subterranean heavens") and they are regarded as planets or planetary systems below the earth. These regions are described as being more opulent than the upper heavenly regions of the universe. The life here is of pleasure, wealth and luxury, with no distress. The asura architect
762:, as the progenitor of living beings and their sexual fluids flow as river Hataki here. When fire – fanned by wind – drinks from this river, it spits the water out as a type of gold called Hataka. The residents of this realm are adorned with gold from this region.
801:, the deva-king of heaven. Bali still prays to Vishnu in this realm. Highly impressed by the devotion of Bali, Vishnu gave him a boon that He Himself would perpetually stand as the watchman to Bali's palace.
743:
drink that induces sexual energy in the man. Then, these women enjoy sexual play with the traveller, who feels to be stronger than ten thousand elephants and forgets impending death.
885:(the snake that hangs around Shiva's neck). Here live several Nagas with many hoods. Each of their hoods is decorated by a jewel, a source of light of which illuminates this realm.
974:
and enjoyment, particularly the opportunity for the (male) vidyādhara to have intercourse with female non-humans. It was also viewed as a source of flowing waters.
636:
calls them
Rasatala, Sutala, Vitala, Gabhastala, Mahatala, Sritala and Patala. The seven Patalas as well as the earth above them is supported on the head of the
1345:"The Importance of the Underworlds: Asuras' Caves in Buddhism, and Some Other Themes in Early Buddhist Tantras Reminiscent of the Later Padmasambhava Legends"
739:
s ("those who wholly give themselves up"), who keep changing their partners. When a man enters Atala, these women enchant him and serve him an intoxicating
910:
instead of by their defeat by Vishnu; this is the explanation given for the appearance of Śakra wielding the banner of Mañjuśrī in iconic imagery.
797:
sent Bali to Sutala, but when Bali surrendered to Vishnu and gave away all his belongings to him, Vishnu in return made Bali richer than
793:, sent Bali – who had conquered the three worlds – by requesting three paces of land and acquired the three worlds in his three paces.
1096:. Translated by Dimmitt, Cornelia; van Buitenen, Johannes Adrianus Bernardus. Temple University Press. 1978. pp. 48–49, 348–350.
552:
82:(subtle dimensions, loosely translated as heaven). Patala is described as filled with splendid jewels, beautiful groves and lakes.
74:), denotes the subterranean realms of the universe – which are located under the earthly dimension. Patala is often translated as
614:, they are named as from the highest to the lowest as: Atala, Vitala, Nitala, Garbhastimat, Mahatala, Sutala and Patala. In the
1021:
2201:
1371:
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presents a detailed description of the seven lower realms. A similar description of the seven
Patalas also appears in the
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843:(Irascible) band of Kuhaka, Takshaka, Kaliya and Sushena. They live here with their families in peace but always fear
1309:
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is ruled by Bala – a son of Maya – who possesses mystical powers. By one yawn, Bala created three types of women –
1778:
1124:
1439:
667:
records each realm of Patala has cities in it. The first region has the cities of the daitya
Namuchi and Naga
652:
is described as residing in the lowest region of Patala instead of below it. Below the regions of Patala lies
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1344:
1325:
Purāṇic
Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Purāṇic Literature
1301:
Puranic
Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature
1033:
gives results: "1. one of the 7 regions under the earth and the abode of the Nagas or serpents and asuras"
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Different realms of Patala are ruled by different asura and Nagas; usually with the Nagas headed by
1483:
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93:
are entrances to Patala; these asuras, particularly female asuras, are often "tamed" (converted to
1046:
1969:
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602:, states the seven realms of Patala, which are located one above the other, are seventy thousand
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is ruled by the god Hara-Bhava (possibly a form of Shiva), who dwells with attendant
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606:(a unit of measurement) below the Earth's surface. Each of them extends ten thousand
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including ghosts and goblins as the master of gold mines along with his consort
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The importance of Patala to esoteric
Buddhism lay in its role as the source of
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951:) status. These practices have been largely ignored after the early period of
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Nagas are believed to live in the lowest realm of Patala, called Naga-loka.
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at the sole of the feet of the universe form of Vishnu is the home of the
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1127:. The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust International, Inc. Archived from
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or Martya (earth/mortal plane) and Patala (gross dimensions, the
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depict earth and the six realms of Patala. The feet rest on
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Classical Hindu
Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas
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Classical Hindu mythology: a reader in the
Sanskrit Purāṇas
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is the abode of many-hooded Nagas (serpents) – the sons of
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or netherworld. Patala is described as more beautiful than
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is the lowest realm and the region of the Nagas, ruled by
132:, the seventh and lowest of them is also called Patala or
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s ("lustful"), who marry men from any group, and the
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128:). Patala is composed of seven realms/dimensions or
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116:, the universe is divided into the three worlds:
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866:(the gods). They live in holes like serpents.
571:tells of a visit by the divine wandering sage
1970:
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1394:. London: Trübner & Co. pp. 209–213.
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929:and water magic and with the attainment of
816:, who is well-versed in sorcery. Shiva, as
1977:
1963:
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16:Indian subterranean realms of the universe
777:, is the kingdom of the pious asura king
595:old age, no sweat, no disease in Patala.
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703:rules as the sovereign king of Patala.
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812:is the realm of the asura-architect
2181:List of numbers in Hindu scriptures
1984:
1363:Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas
630:, replaces Mahatala with Tala. The
105:by famous Buddhist figures such as
13:
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1399:
164:), live in the realms of Patala.
1600:
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917:, which are associated with the
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1391:The Vishnu Purana (Translation)
1267:
687:and Vainateya; in the fifth of
136:, the region of the Nagas. The
1304:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
1084:
1013:
947:
913:Patala is associated with the
663:assigned to the lowest realm.
585:calls the seven lower regions
160:(serpent-human formed sons of
1:
977:
959:but originally were popular.
683:and Hemaka; in the fourth of
2202:Locations in Hindu mythology
1022:"Sanskrit Dictionary Search"
72:that which is below the feet
7:
1280:. Temple University Press.
888:
850:
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804:
644:, the thousand-headed nāga
167:
10:
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1274:Dimmitt, Cornelia (2012).
422:Personalities of the Epics
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1360:Parmeshwaranand (2001).
1019:Search for "patala" in:
921:, the phenomenon of the
719:
1328:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1125:"Bhagavata Purana 5.24"
966:and magical science or
21:Patala (disambiguation)
1343:Mayer, Robert (2007).
51:
43:
1382:Wilson, Horace Hayman
713:Devi-Bhagavata Purana
695:and in the sixth, of
156:and the snake-people
89:, caves inhabited by
49:
29:
1414:at Wikimedia Commons
1366:. Sarup & Sons.
1079:Parmeshwaranand 2001
822:three cities of Maya
30:The legs of the god
19:For other uses, see
1922:Davy Jones's locker
1200:, pp. 580–581.
1173:, pp. 348–350.
1081:, pp. 762–763.
1010:, pp. 209–213.
175:Part of a series on
1666:Gate of the Ghosts
87:Vajrayana Buddhism
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1410:Media related to
1373:978-81-7625-226-3
1335:978-81-208-0597-2
1287:978-1-4399-0464-0
1260:, pp. 11–12.
1131:on 4 January 2010
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1311:0-8426-0822-2
1307:
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1302:
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1279:
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1259:
1254:
1248:, p. 10.
1247:
1242:
1235:
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1199:
1194:
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1103:9781439904640
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1009:
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983:
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944:
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682:
678:
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670:
666:
662:
657:
655:
651:
648:. Sometimes,
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:
629:
628:
623:
622:
617:
613:
612:Vishnu Purana
609:
605:
601:
600:Vishnu Purana
596:
593:
588:
584:
583:
577:
574:
570:
569:
568:Vishnu Purana
556:
551:
549:
544:
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537:
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311:Hiranyagarbha
309:
307:
304:
303:
302:
301:
298:
295:
294:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
276:Matsya Purana
274:
272:
269:
267:
266:Skanda Purana
264:
262:
259:
257:
256:Vishnu Purana
254:
252:
251:Garuda Purana
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
236:Brahma Purana
234:
233:
232:
231:
228:
225:
224:
219:
216:
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148:(children of
147:
143:
140:(children of
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
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115:
110:
108:
107:Padmasambhava
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
48:
41:
37:
33:
28:
22:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2115:Dvapara Yuga
2036:
1774:Mesopotamian
1729:
1494:Lake of fire
1474:Christianity
1390:
1362:
1352:
1348:
1324:
1320:Māṇi, Veṭṭaṃ
1300:
1296:Māṇi, Veṭṭaṃ
1276:
1268:Bibliography
1253:
1241:
1236:, p. 2.
1229:
1224:, p. 7.
1217:
1212:, p. 3.
1205:
1171:Dimmitt 2012
1133:. Retrieved
1129:the original
1092:
1086:
1066:, p. 1.
1038:
1025:. Retrieved
1015:
961:
946:
915:Kriyātantras
912:
892:
878:
874:
873:
855:
854:
840:
832:
831:
818:Tripurantaka
809:
808:
781:. The dwarf
770:
769:
751:
750:
736:
732:
728:
724:
723:
711:
707:
705:
699:and Vasuki.
664:
658:
631:
627:Shiva Purana
625:
621:Padma Purana
619:
615:
611:
607:
599:
597:
586:
580:
578:
566:
564:
325:
281:Padma Purana
261:Shiva Purana
133:
111:
84:
71:
59:
53:
1449:Underworlds
1386:"Chapter V"
1045:, pp.
1008:Wilson 1865
972:immortality
841:Krodhavasha
775:Vishvakarma
689:Hiranyaksha
665:Vayu Purana
633:Vayu Purana
587:bila-svarga
286:Vayu Purana
218:Mahabharata
2207:Underworld
2196:Categories
2142:Literature
2110:Treta Yuga
2105:Satya Yuga
2086:Manvantara
2007:Brahmaloka
1796:Hamistagan
1648:East Asian
1258:Mayer 2007
1246:Mayer 2007
1234:Mayer 2007
1222:Mayer 2007
1210:Mayer 2007
1121:Prabhupada
1064:Mayer 2007
978:References
931:vidyādhara
896:Mount Meru
737:punshchalī
435:Saptarishi
126:underworld
99:dharmapala
76:underworld
2120:Kali Yuga
2022:Manidvipa
2012:Vaikuntha
1754:Near East
1585:Mandaeism
1509:Purgatory
1466:Abrahamic
1198:Māṇi 1998
1043:Māṇi 1975
1027:7 January
675:and Naga
673:Hayagriva
576:of gold.
510:Lakshmana
465:Vashistha
414:Kartikeya
394:Saraswati
351:Manidvipa
341:Vaikuntha
336:Satyaloka
297:Cosmology
134:Naga-loka
66:: पाताल,
2017:Kailasha
1880:Tartarus
1829:Niflheim
1824:Náströnd
1807:European
1762:Egyptian
1720:Hinduism
1703:Buddhism
1611:American
1526:Jahannam
1384:(1865).
1322:(1998).
1298:(1975).
908:Mañjuśrī
902:using a
889:Buddhism
879:Nagaloka
856:Rasātala
851:Rasātala
833:Mahātala
828:Mahātala
810:Talātala
805:Talātala
741:cannabis
729:svairiṇī
685:Kalanemi
681:Prahlada
677:Takshaka
618:and the
495:Pandavas
490:Kauravas
460:Kashyapa
369:Trimurti
346:Kailasha
213:Ramayana
168:Hinduism
95:Buddhism
64:Sanskrit
2174:Related
2127:Pralaya
1904:Tuonela
1855:Elysium
1834:Niflhel
1779:Irkalla
1737:Jainism
1656:Chinese
1636:Xibalba
1624:Mictlān
1563:Gehenna
1543:Abaddon
1538:Judaism
1521:Barzakh
1047:580–581
964:alchemy
935:Chinese
760:Bhavani
697:Puloman
693:Kirmira
638:tamasic
604:yojanas
515:Hanuman
485:Krishna
480:Bharata
470:Agastya
455:Gautama
409:Ganesha
404:Parvati
399:Lakshmi
389:Tridevi
360:Deities
321:Prithvi
306:Brahman
227:Puranas
204:Itihasa
196:Sources
154:Rakshas
146:Daityas
138:Danavas
103:dakinis
36:purusha
34:as the
2081:Brahma
2042:Naraka
2037:Patala
2032:Svarga
2027:Goloka
1937:Turkic
1932:Naraka
1915:Others
1899:Finnic
1860:Erebus
1791:Duzakh
1742:Naraka
1730:Patala
1725:Naraka
1713:Naraka
1695:Indian
1678:Shinto
1558:Dudael
1548:Azazel
1531:Sijjin
1412:Pātāla
1370:
1332:
1308:
1284:
1135:1 July
1100:
957:Tangmi
945::
943:pinyin
937::
923:tertön
904:mantra
883:Vasuki
875:Patala
870:Patala
860:Asuras
845:Garuda
795:Vamana
791:Vamana
787:Vishnu
783:Avatar
771:Sutala
766:Sutala
752:Vitala
747:Vitala
733:kāmiṇī
669:Kaliya
661:Vasuki
654:Naraka
650:Shesha
646:Shesha
642:Vishnu
610:s. In
608:Yojana
573:Narada
445:Angira
440:Bhrigu
379:Vishnu
374:Brahma
331:Naraka
326:Patala
316:Svarga
118:Svarga
91:asuras
80:Svarga
60:Patala
40:Shesha
32:Vishnu
2212:Nāgas
2100:Cycle
2077:Kalpa
1994:Space
1942:Tamag
1892:Annwn
1887:Welsh
1875:Orcus
1870:Hades
1845:Roman
1841:Greek
1814:Norse
1708:Bardo
1671:Youdu
1619:Aztec
1573:Tehom
1568:Sheol
1516:Islam
1499:Limbo
1484:Hades
1479:Abyss
968:vidyā
927:terma
900:Śakra
864:Devas
837:Kadru
799:Indra
756:ganas
725:Atala
720:Atala
475:Pitrs
384:Shiva
162:Kadru
158:Nagas
130:lokas
122:Bhumi
97:) as
2096:Yuga
2090:Manu
2064:Time
2049:Aṇḍa
2002:Loka
1927:Hell
1767:Duat
1683:Yomi
1661:Diyu
1631:Maya
1489:Hell
1368:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1306:ISBN
1282:ISBN
1137:2010
1098:ISBN
1029:2018
955:and
948:xiān
939:仙, 仚
925:and
919:kīla
814:Maya
779:Bali
706:The
701:Bali
691:and
598:The
592:Maya
579:The
565:The
520:Wars
505:Sita
500:Rama
450:Atri
150:Diti
142:Danu
68:IAST
2088:of
2079:of
1819:Hel
906:of
877:or
785:of
152:),
144:),
112:In
101:or
85:In
54:In
2198::
2098:/
1843:/
1388:.
1351:.
1347:.
1178:^
1145:^
1123:.
1112:^
1071:^
1054:^
986:^
970:,
941:;
847:.
789:,
716:.
120:,
109:.
58:,
1978:e
1971:t
1964:v
1441:e
1434:t
1427:v
1376:.
1355:.
1353:3
1338:.
1314:.
1290:.
1139:.
1106:.
1049:.
1031:.
933:(
554:e
547:t
540:v
62:(
42:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
