105:"The Baroness Patience", "Czarina Patience", "Gateway Solitaire", "Missing Link Solitaire", etc. These tendencies have largely been dropped in modern sources, especially where books are aimed at a worldwide market. However, in a few instances they are sometimes retained, for example, where the name is an adjective e.g. "The Blind Patience" or the definite article seems more evocative or meaningful e.g. "The Plot". American sources sometimes change the names of games where the title has a European theme e.g. "British Constitution" is just "Constitution" and "Duchess of Luynes" is "Grand Duchess".
423:. Typically the aim of a simple builder is to build cards in suit sequence on the Aces which form the foundations. They are 'simple' in that the player has little or no choice in playing and just needs to watch for opportunities to build, any card that cannot be built being discarded to a wastepile where it may, of course, become inaccessible. Cards may be played from the wastepile or the hand and when the hand cards are exhausted it may be possible to 'redeal' by playing through the wastepile, usually for a limited number of times.
1837:
31:
570:
497:. These are games where the aim is to build up suit sequences without the help of packing in reverse order first. Unlike simple builders, there is no wastepile, but cards are added to the layout if they cannot be built until the game reaches a point where all the unbuilt cards are visible and the game becomes one of analysis.
400:
These games may be classified by the degree to which the cards are revealed. In "open games", all the cards are visible throughout the game and the player has to use powers of analysis to solve the patience. In "closed" games, cards are drawn from a face-down stock and the player has to use judgement
354:
measuring about 67 x 42 mm. However, packs labelled 'Patience' have also been produced in standard size (c. 88 x 58 mm) and are also marketed as mini-patience cards at 54 x 36 mm. Even smaller cards have been produced for at least a century and measuring about 45 x 32 mm. They are
104:
The earliest
English and American sources tended to use the definite article before the names of games e.g. "The Beleaguered Castle", "The Clock", "The Gathering of the Clans", "The House on the Hill", etc. The word "Patience" or, in American sources, "Solitaire" was also often appended to names e.g.
76:
American games authors Wood and
Goddard state that "Patience is any game played with playing cards in which the object is to arrange the cards... in some systematic order." They note that "there are excellent games of Patience for two or more players; but most... are designed for one player" and that
333:
It will be obvious that the endeavour to arrange, pair, or combine the cards of a whole pack is a difficult task, varying in degree according to the rules of the particular game. The player must therefore be prepared for a good many failures, sometimes when he or she has all but reached the goal of
415:
Closed games are those in which, throughout the game, not all the cards are visible. They require more judgment because the sequence of cards is unknown. As cards appear, if they cannot be played straight away they are put into a wastepile from which they may, potentially, not be accessible again.
237:
Patience or card solitaire games are usually intended for a single player, although a small number have been designed for two and, in rare cases, three or even four players. They are games of skill or chance or a combination of the two. There are three classes of patience grouped by aim or object.
296:
upon this card. In some cases, foundation cards are placed in position at the start; in others they are only laid down as they come to hand during the course of play. In some instances the cards of the sequence must be of the same suit as the foundation card; in others, suit is disregarded. Some
113:
Patience is probably of German or
Scandinavian origin, the earliest records appearing in there in the late 1700s and early 1800s. The game became popular in France in the early 19th century, reaching Britain and America in the latter half. The earliest known description of a game of patience
72:
notes that there are good reasons for preferring the name 'patience'. Firstly, a patience is a card game, whereas a solitaire is any one-player game, including those played with dominoes or peg and board games. Secondly, any game of patience may be played competitively by two or more players.
338:
580:
Patience and solitaire games have enjoyed a renaissance as a result of being readily transferable to a software format and playable on computers or other electronic media. Perhaps the most influential initially was
Microsoft's "Solitaire", actually the well known game of
56:
whose common feature is that the aim is to arrange the cards in some systematic order or, in a few cases, to pair them off in order to discard them. Most are intended for play by a single player, but there are also "excellent games of patience for two or more players".
593:
from 1990 onwards had an especially big impact in popularizing patience and solitaire games with the general public. A plethora of electronic versions of these games has been produced, some, like "Solitaire" under proprietary names different from the actual name.
140:(1674). Books were also reported to appear in Sweden and Russia in the early 1800s and the earliest book of patience games was published in Russia in 1826. More followed, especially in Sweden. There are additional references to Patience in French literature.
540:
Competitive patiences are games of a patience or card solitaire character that are not played solitarily, but by two or more players in competition with each other. The earliest ones go back to the late 19th century. Examples include
Conjugal Patience,
459:
In open games, the entire pack of cards is visible at the outset and continue to be visible throughout the game. Games of perfect information (like chess), they require careful analysis to achieve success. Open games may be divided into:
435:. Packers enable cards to be built in reverse sequences on the layout - sometimes called 'auxiliary sequences', before playing them to the foundations in the correct sequence. Building in reverse sequence is known as 'packing'.
847:
Cards and Card Tricks, Containing a Brief
History of Playing Cards: Full Instructions with Illustrated Hands, for Playing Nearly all Known Games of Chance or Skill; And Directions for Performing a Number of Amusing
83:
to refer to single-player card games, although sometimes the term 'card solitaire' is used for clarity. Meanwhile, in other countries 'solitaire' specifically refers to one-player board and table games, especially
447:
The aim of a non-builder is not to build suit sequences, but some other objective. In many of them the aim is to discard the entire pack or packs by pairing cards of the same rank or adding up to a given
355:
frequently sold as twin packs in a single box, since many patiences and solitaires require two full decks of cards. The two packs may have different back designs which, however, does not affect the play.
397:, and games using this technique are called "packers". Games that use neither technique are "non-builders". There are also special kinds of packer known as 'blockades', 'planners' and 'spiders'.
65:'Patience' is the earliest recorded name for this type of card game in both British and American sources. The word is French in origin, these games being "regarded as an exercise in patience."
943:
341:
Patience-sized playing cards (bottom) are smaller than regular playing cards (top); this is because a game where cards are laid out may take up a large amount of table space
513:. A large family of builders with a high skill level. Cards are played to the foundations or to several wastepiles, the top cards of which are always available to play.
96:. Authors writing internationally tend to include both "patience" and "solitaire" in the title, but sometimes the phrase "card games for one" is used instead.
441:
Reserved packers combine the features of having a reserve of cards and also the ability to pack in reverse sequence before laying off to the foundations.
389:
and all such games are, technically, builders. However, in many, the cards must be assembled in reverse order on that part of the layout called the
2384:
198:
More books on patience were written towards the end of the 19th century and into the early 20th century. The most prolific and original author was
229:
In the early 20th century the name "solitaire" became established in North
America, while "patience" continues to be used elsewhere in the world.
301:(descending or ascending), i.e. groups of cards in succession but not yet ready to be played to the families or sequences on the foundations.
77:"Solitaire...properly applies to any game that one player can play alone." In practice, in North America the name 'solitaire' is often used
429:. An elaboration of the simple builder is to deal a number of cards to a 'reserve', thus increasing the number of cards available to play.
1344:
122:
and describes a game between two players playing alternately. Before this, there were no literary mentions of such games in large game
17:
2683:
608:
147:
layouts were developed circa 1765, suggesting a connection between the two. This theory is supported by the name of the game in
68:
Although the name solitaire became common in North
America for this type of game during the 20th century, British games scholar
1262:
988:
856:
2377:
603:
490:
Half-open games are those which start 'closed' and become 'open' as the game progresses. They may be divided as follows:
393:. They can then be built in the right sequence on the foundations. This intermediate step of reverse building is called
1374:
329:
forms a particular total, say eleven or thirteen; the game is out if the player can get rid of all the cards this way.
2678:
1296:
1245:
1224:
1201:
1183:
1168:
1132:
1117:
1103:
1064:
1038:
973:
737:
2663:
1575:
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281:
519:. These are packers where, during the course of the game, all the remaining cards eventually become visible.
210:
by 1911. Together her works contain around 250 different games. Other authors of books on patience included
2658:
2165:
1807:
280:. Occasionally both are aimed at in the same game. The card starting the required sequence is known as the
373:
By starting information (closed, open, or half-open) and mechanism (building or packing, etc.) - see below
2579:
2569:
2519:
2011:
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1391:
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2195:
2031:
1873:
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1655:
790:
285:
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2092:
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2016:
1635:
1625:
1352:
807:
386:
250:
246:
2668:
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2149:
2006:
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1504:
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546:
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312:
35:
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or foundation on which a two of the same suit is placed, followed by a three and so on. This is
334:
success. Hence why the name 'patience games' has been given to recreations of this description.
2552:
2420:
2210:
2129:
2046:
1868:
1822:
1519:
1453:
1387:
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1007:
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because the sequence of cards is unknown until they appear. In between is a hybrid group which
378:
289:
269:
845:
178:
for by
William Henry Cremer, was published in London in 1860 and is listed in bibliographies.
2673:
2632:
2627:
2504:
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2144:
2051:
1899:
1802:
1747:
1660:
1645:
1630:
1615:
1595:
1499:
727:
370:
By family under their progenitor or best known variant e.g. Klondike or
Napoleon at St Helena
326:
293:
190:
163:
132:
2425:
2410:
2200:
2139:
2134:
2087:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1757:
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1681:
1650:
1640:
1605:
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1565:
1549:
1458:
1428:
1017:
582:
377:
Most patience or solitaire games involve building sequences of cards in suit in order in a
308:
265:
254:
211:
162:
The first collection of patience card games in the English language is often attributed to
93:
206:, appeared in 1888 and was followed by four more volumes by 1900 and another two entitled
8:
2326:
2316:
2240:
2124:
2036:
2001:
1960:
1945:
1925:
1889:
1711:
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1570:
1524:
1494:
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1318:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1084:
590:
316:
277:
199:
1338:
876:
761:
507:
in which the cards are only available if there is no card below (or sometimes above) it.
2602:
2509:
2452:
2296:
2215:
2180:
2175:
2097:
2061:
2021:
1955:
1940:
1812:
1762:
1701:
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1590:
1539:
1474:
573:
526:
273:
223:
215:
152:
2534:
2341:
2056:
2041:
1981:
1489:
1433:
1360:
1313:
1292:
1258:
1241:
1220:
1197:
1179:
1164:
1128:
1113:
1099:
1060:
1034:
984:
969:
852:
733:
586:
542:
529:
in which all the building takes place on the tableau and not to separate foundations.
1331:
2529:
2472:
2351:
2346:
2291:
2245:
1930:
1894:
1716:
1676:
1544:
1534:
1267:
1138:
697:
613:
558:
554:
504:
272:
on a tabletop. Cards are then moved and placed so as to eventually arrange them in
170:, published in about 1870 and reprinted several times. However, a lost book called
159:. An 1895 account describes a variant of the game exclusively used for cartomancy.
89:
1823:
Travellers (Four of a Kind, Hidden Cards, Hide & Seek, Spoilt, Wandering Card)
2617:
2574:
2557:
2462:
2321:
2255:
2170:
2077:
1935:
1920:
1529:
1484:
479:. A branch of open patiences in which the aim is other than build suit sequences.
148:
79:
473:. Likewise a family of packers in which all the cards are visible at the outset.
363:
Patience or solitaire games may be grouped together in various ways as follows:
315:
them. If the player is able to throw out all the cards in this way, the game is
2225:
1836:
1817:
1726:
1580:
1443:
1250:
1233:
127:
2652:
2607:
2544:
2393:
2026:
1950:
1797:
1787:
1782:
1327:
1212:
1189:
1110:
100 Best Solitaire Games: 100 Ways to Entertain Yourself with a Deck of Cards
705:
467:. A family of builders in which all the cards are faced at the start of play.
402:
85:
69:
2336:
2276:
1731:
1514:
550:
261:
219:
2457:
2447:
2362:
2250:
2185:
1767:
1449:
Musical (Betsy Ross, Fairest, Four Kings, Plus Belle, Quadruple Alliance)
1322:
1309:
2235:
2562:
2479:
2402:
1479:
144:
2622:
2496:
2435:
2415:
2260:
2190:
1965:
382:
185:
by Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney (1869), which was followed in 1870 by
175:
123:
53:
1382:
30:
2612:
2467:
2430:
2230:
2205:
258:
2586:
1772:
1752:
337:
92:. Solitaire is often used worldwide just to refer to the game of
1509:
1337:
1321:, by Mary Whitmore Jones, about 1898, original book-scan from
2331:
795:(2nd ed.). Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Lee and Shepherd.
633:
See e.g. Parlett (1979) and Morehead & Mott-Smith (2011).
367:
By aim or object (building, pairing or totalling) - see above
569:
325:. A third object is to discard any two cards whose combined
2484:
2281:
114:
appeared in the 1783 edition of the German game anthology
1310:
Lady Cadogan's Illustrated Games of Solitaire or Patience
918:
916:
914:
766:. London, England: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle.
143:
Patience was first mentioned in literature shortly after
1319:
Games of patience for one or more players, second series
889:
887:
911:
881:
at World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
616:, a computer algorithm named after the card game genre
1332:
Historic Card Games: Patience playing-card solitaires
899:
884:
809:
Dick's Games of Patience, or, Solitaire with Cards …
1161:The Complete Book of Solitaire and Patience Games.
784:
782:
381:running from ace to king. Normally the ace is the
812:. New York, New York, USA: Dick & Fitzgerald.
729:The Complete Book of Solitaire and Patience Games
576:, often called "Solitaire" by software producers.
2650:
226:), Basil Dalton, Ernest Bergholt and "Tarbart".
1091:. Routledge. English translation of Blanccoeur.
779:
1112:; New York, N. Y.: Cardoza Publishing, 2004. (
1059:). Willowdale, Ontario: Firefly Books, 2001. (
2378:
1368:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
187:Patience: A Series of Thirty Games with Cards
950:at solitaire365.com. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
948:The most popular 6 types of Solitaire games
830:
828:
2392:
2385:
2371:
1375:
1361:
668:
307:. A second object of many patiences is to
691:
689:
661:
659:
503:. A small family of builders named after
204:Games of Patience for One or More Players
1459:Quadrille (La Française; Captive Queens)
1123:Marks, Arnold & Harrod, Jacqueline.
825:
725:
609:Glossary of patience and solitaire terms
568:
535:
416:Closed games are subdivided as follows:
336:
99:
29:
1211:
1188:
922:
905:
893:
872:
870:
868:
843:
822:Morehead & Mott-Smith (2001), p. 8.
759:
345:
298:
297:games permit the temporary creation of
14:
2651:
792:Patience: A Series of Games with Cards
788:
686:
656:
525:. A small family of games named after
183:Patience: A Series of Games with Cards
2366:
1646:Napoleon at St Helena (Forty Thieves)
1356:
789:Cheney, Ednah Dow Littlehale (1869).
1108:Lee, Sloane & Packard, Gabriel.
1096:Bicycle Official Rules of Card Games
865:
834:Hoffmann, Professor (1892), pp. 1–6.
806:Dick, William Brisbane, ed. (1883).
805:
642:Cadogan's 2nd edition is dated 1874.
604:List of patience and solitaire games
350:The cards are normally smaller than
1000:Blanccoeur, Comtesse de (1860–70).
695:
24:
2322:Double Klondike (Double Solitaire)
1312:, by Adelaide Cadogan, 1914, from
1089:Illustrated Book of Patience Games
665:Wood & Goddard (1940), p. 241.
485:
181:The earliest American treatise is
116:Das neue Königliche L'Hombre-Spiel
25:
2695:
1490:Duchess of Luynes (Grand Duchess)
1303:
844:Heather, H. E. (6 October 2017).
564:
1835:
1758:Baroness (Five Piles, Thirteens)
1127:Surrey, England: Clarion, 1997 (
981:The Complete Book of Card Games.
726:Morehead, Albert (May 6, 2015).
545:, Pirate, Progressive Patience,
34:The layout of the game known as
2684:Double-deck patience card games
1002:Le Livre Illustré des Patiences
958:
937:
928:
837:
816:
799:
410:
1283:New Patience Games of Patience
1255:The Penguin Book of Card Games
1238:The Penguin Book of Card Games
1163:New York: Bantam Books, 1977 (
1079:Waddington's Family Card Games
1053:The Complete Book of Solitaire
1044:Cremer, William Henry (1860).
1033:. Simon & Schuster, 1995.
878:Patience Cards and their Boxes
770:
753:
719:
636:
627:
60:
13:
1:
1257:, London, New York: Penguin.
1147:The Complete Book of Patience
1012:Illustrated Games of Patience
763:Illustrated Games of Patience
649:
454:
168:Illustrated Games of Patience
2332:Nerts (Pounce, Racing Demon)
1289:The Little Book of Solitaire
1285:(1911), Upcott Gill, London.
1217:The Penguin Book of Patience
1057:Le Grand Livre des Patiences
995:A New Book of Patience Games
934:Parlett (2008), pp. 539–540.
683:Parlett (1991), pp. 157–161.
620:
136:(1674) and Abbé Bellecour's
7:
2580:Collectible miniatures game
2570:Constructible strategy game
1808:Perpetual Motion (Narcotic)
1540:Sultan (Emperor of Germany)
1094:Kansil, Joli Quentin (ed).
597:
245:. The most common involves
232:
52:(US/Canada), is a genre of
10:
2700:
2638:Tabletop role-playing game
1272:The Pan Book of Card Games
1072:The Complete Patience Book
1046:Patience by 'Perseverance'
760:Cadogan, Adelaide (1874).
108:
18:Patience or card solitaire
2595:
2543:
2495:
2401:
2309:
2269:
2158:
2117:
2110:
2070:
1974:
1908:
1882:
1851:
1844:
1833:
1740:
1669:
1558:
1467:
1406:
1399:
1087:(= Angelo Lewis) (1920).
993:Bergholt, Ernest (1941).
983:Hamlyn Publishing, 2010.
2679:Solitaire tabletop games
2515:Dedicated deck card game
1727:Queen of Italy (Terrace)
1240:, Treasure Press, 1987.
1022:(= Henry Jones) (1890).
358:
192:Dick's Games of Patience
2664:18th-century card games
2337:Russian Bank (Crapette)
2196:Flower Garden (Bouquet)
1495:Queen's/King's Audience
1439:Cotillion (Contradance)
1345:Encyclopædia Britannica
1291:, Running Press, 2002.
1194:A History of Card Games
1077:Harbin, Robert (1972).
1048:. London: E. C. Spurin.
2553:Abstract strategy game
2421:Cooperative board game
1348:(11th ed.). 1911.
1281:, Series 1-5 (1899) –
1277:Whitmore Jones, Mary.
1176:Hoyle's Rules of Games
1070:Dalton, Basil (1948).
1008:Cadogan, Lady Adelaide
968:London: Hamlyn, 2002 (
577:
342:
276:(e.g. Ace to King) or
38:
2633:Social deduction game
2628:Paper-and-pencil game
2505:Collectible card game
2441:Cross and circle game
1384:Patience or Solitaire
1125:Card Games Made Easy.
776:Jessel (1905), p. 58.
702:Historical Card Games
585:. Its inclusion with
572:
536:Competitive patiences
340:
208:New Games of Patience
174:by 'Perseverance', a
164:Lady Adelaide Cadogan
133:The Compleat Gamester
118:, where it is called
100:Individual game names
33:
2426:Deduction board game
2411:Adventure board game
1576:British Constitution
1178:(3rd edition) 2001.
1174:Morehead, Philip D.
1149:. Faber & Faber.
1031:The Playing Card Kit
346:Card size and format
288:and the sequence or
2659:Single-player games
2520:Shedding-type games
2327:Kings in the Corner
2317:Australian Patience
2211:Grandfather's Clock
1741:Closed non-builders
1219:. London: Penguin.
1157:Geoffrey Mott-Smith
1153:Morehead, Albert H.
1143:Geoffrey Mott-Smith
1085:Hoffmann, Professor
966:Card Games for One.
591:Microsoft Solitaire
405:calls "half-open".
299:auxiliary sequences
278:descending sequence
200:Mary Whitmore Jones
27:Genre of card games
2510:Deck-building game
2453:Running-fight game
2287:Gay Gordons (Exit)
2216:House in the Woods
2176:Beleaguered Castle
1956:Puss in the Corner
1941:Imaginary Thirteen
1055:(a translation of
851:. Read Books Ltd.
732:. Read Books Ltd.
578:
495:Half-open builders
343:
268:into a prescribed
243:Building sequences
224:Professor Hoffmann
202:whose first book,
39:
2646:
2645:
2535:Trick-taking game
2360:
2359:
2310:Competitive games
2305:
2304:
2270:Open non-builders
2106:
2105:
2042:Russian Solitaire
1831:
1830:
1651:Napoleon's Square
1468:Reserved builders
1314:Project Gutenberg
1279:Games of Patience
1263:978-0-141-03787-5
1051:Crépeau, Pierre.
1029:Craze, Richard.
989:978-0-600-62191-1
858:978-1-4733-4332-0
543:Cribbage Patience
517:Half-open packers
477:Open non-builders
427:Reserved builders
257:. The cards of a
138:Academie des Jeux
16:(Redirected from
2691:
2530:Tarot card games
2473:Chinese dominoes
2387:
2380:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2347:Spite and Malice
2251:Russian Patience
2115:
2114:
1961:Rosamund's Bower
1931:Cribbage Squares
1895:British Blockade
1849:
1848:
1839:
1670:Reserved packers
1535:Royal Rendezvous
1404:
1403:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1339:"Patience"
1268:Phillips, Hubert
1230:
1207:
1139:Morehead, Albert
951:
941:
935:
932:
926:
920:
909:
903:
897:
891:
882:
874:
863:
862:
841:
835:
832:
823:
820:
814:
813:
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786:
777:
774:
768:
767:
757:
751:
750:
748:
746:
723:
717:
716:
714:
712:
696:Parlett, David.
693:
684:
681:
666:
663:
643:
640:
634:
631:
614:Patience sorting
559:Spite and Malice
505:British Blockade
439:Reserved packers
90:marble solitaire
21:
2699:
2698:
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2689:
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2649:
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2618:Icehouse pieces
2591:
2575:Miniatures game
2558:Connection game
2539:
2491:
2463:Tile-based game
2397:
2391:
2361:
2356:
2301:
2265:
2256:Seahaven Towers
2154:
2102:
2078:German Patience
2066:
2012:Heads and Tails
1970:
1904:
1878:
1845:Half-open games
1840:
1827:
1736:
1665:
1621:Fortune's Favor
1554:
1530:Royal Cotillion
1463:
1407:Simple builders
1395:
1381:
1336:
1306:
1301:
1227:
1204:
1196:. Oxford: OUP.
979:Arnold, Peter.
964:Arnold, Peter.
961:
955:
954:
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929:
925:, pp. 7–9.
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311:cards and then
282:foundation card
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80:totum pro parte
63:
28:
23:
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1559:Simple packers
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1304:External links
1302:
1300:
1299:
1286:
1275:
1274:. Pan, London.
1265:
1251:Parlett, David
1248:
1234:Parlett, David
1231:
1225:
1213:Parlett, David
1209:
1202:
1190:Parlett, David
1186:
1172:
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1081:. Pan, London.
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433:Simple packers
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352:standard cards
347:
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331:
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292:is said to be
234:
231:
128:Charles Cotton
110:
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46:card solitaire
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2608:Matching game
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2166:Baker's Dozen
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2032:Mount Olympus
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2027:Miss Milligan
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1783:Good Thirteen
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1656:Red and Black
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1329:
1328:David Parlett
1326:
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1320:
1317:
1315:
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1308:
1307:
1298:
1297:0-7624-1381-6
1294:
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1246:1-85051-221-3
1243:
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1232:
1228:
1226:0-7139-1193-X
1222:
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1203:0-19-282905-X
1199:
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1184:0-451-20484-0
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1169:0-553-26240-8
1166:
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1104:1-889752-06-1
1101:
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1076:
1074:. John Baker.
1073:
1069:
1066:
1065:1-55209-597-5
1062:
1058:
1054:
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1040:
1039:0-7318-0526-7
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974:0-600-60727-5
971:
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963:
962:
949:
945:
944:"1. Klondike"
940:
931:
924:
919:
917:
915:
908:, p. 22.
907:
902:
896:, p. 19.
895:
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741:
739:9781473395381
735:
731:
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707:
706:David Parlett
703:
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465:Open builders
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418:
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403:David Parlett
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86:peg solitaire
82:
81:
74:
71:
70:David Parlett
66:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
37:
32:
19:
2674:Mobile games
2524:
2277:Fourteen Out
2171:Baker's Game
2159:Open packers
2093:Simple Simon
2017:Intelligence
2007:Four Corners
1864:Royal Parade
1788:Herz zu Herz
1732:Seven Devils
1636:Herring-Bone
1626:Four Seasons
1515:Odd and Even
1400:Closed games
1383:
1343:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1254:
1237:
1216:
1193:
1175:
1160:
1146:
1124:
1109:
1095:
1088:
1078:
1071:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1041:</ref>
1030:
1026:. De La Rue.
1023:
1018:
1011:
1001:
997:. Routledge.
994:
980:
965:
959:Bibliography
947:
939:
930:
923:Parlett 1979
906:Parlett 1979
901:
894:Parlett 1979
877:
846:
839:
818:
808:
801:
791:
772:
762:
755:
743:. Retrieved
728:
721:
709:. Retrieved
701:
638:
629:
579:
551:Russian Bank
547:Racing Demon
539:
532:
522:
516:
510:
500:
494:
489:
482:
476:
471:Open packers
470:
464:
458:
451:
445:Non-builders
444:
438:
432:
426:
420:
414:
411:Closed games
407:
399:
376:
362:
349:
332:
322:
304:
242:
236:
228:
220:Angelo Lewis
207:
203:
197:
191:
189:, and later
186:
182:
180:
171:
167:
166:through her
161:
156:
142:
137:
131:
119:
115:
112:
103:
78:
75:
67:
64:
49:
45:
41:
40:
2458:Tables game
2448:Legacy game
2221:King Albert
2186:Capricieuse
2150:Stalactites
1916:Calculation
1859:Interregnum
1813:Royal Flush
1793:Hit or Miss
1778:Frustration
1768:Eight Cards
1707:Crazy Quilt
1505:Monte Carlo
1444:Leoni's Own
1386:by type - (
1323:Archive.org
1004:. Brussels.
212:H. E. Jones
145:cartomantic
61:Genre names
36:Crazy Quilt
2653:Categories
2563:Tafl games
2480:Train game
2403:Board game
2130:Black Hole
2111:Open games
2047:St. Helena
1869:Tournament
1520:Patriarchs
1480:Eagle Wing
1454:Precedence
698:"Patience"
650:References
455:Open games
54:card games
44:(Europe),
2623:Piecepack
2603:Dice game
2497:Card game
2436:Race game
2416:Amerigame
2261:Shamrocks
2191:Eight Off
2145:Salic Law
2052:Stonewall
1966:Sir Tommy
1900:Labyrinth
1883:Blockades
1748:Accordion
1661:Westcliff
1631:Gargantua
1616:Following
1596:Deauville
1545:Tri Peaks
1500:Matrimony
1429:The Clock
1253:(2008).
1236:(1987).
1019:Cavendish
745:August 6,
711:7 January
621:Footnotes
501:Blockades
383:base card
323:Totalling
319:i.e. won.
286:base card
274:ascending
251:sequences
249:cards in
216:Cavendish
176:pseudonym
153:Norwegian
124:compendia
50:solitaire
2613:Megagame
2525:Patience
2468:Dominoes
2431:Eurogame
2236:Päckchen
2231:Mrs. Mop
2206:FreeCell
2201:Fortress
2140:Intrigue
2135:Crescent
2088:Scorpion
2037:Pyramide
1997:Box Kite
1992:Blockade
1987:Algerian
1921:Colorado
1909:Planners
1852:Builders
1722:The Plot
1697:Canfield
1692:Backbone
1682:Alhambra
1641:Klondike
1606:Diplomat
1586:Congress
1566:Batsford
1550:Windmill
1424:Birthday
1392:glossary
1270:(1960).
1215:(1979).
1192:(1991).
1145:(1950).
1098:. 1999.
1024:Patience
1010:(1870).
598:See also
583:Klondike
574:Klondike
511:Planners
387:building
259:shuffled
247:building
233:Overview
222:(a.k.a.
214:(a.k.a.
195:(1883).
172:Patience
157:kabal(e)
126:such as
120:Patience
94:Klondike
42:Patience
2587:Wargame
2396:by type
2246:Persian
2241:Penguin
2125:Archway
2071:Spiders
2002:Bristol
1975:Packers
1946:Jubilee
1926:Colours
1890:Babette
1773:Elevens
1753:Aces Up
1712:Duchess
1611:Emperor
1571:Big Ben
1525:Pyramid
1414:Amazons
587:Windows
523:Spiders
448:number.
395:packing
391:tableau
313:discard
305:Pairing
109:History
2297:Nestor
2181:Bisley
2098:Spider
2062:Zodiac
2022:Martha
1763:Decade
1702:Casket
1601:Deuces
1591:Corona
1510:Moojub
1475:Carpet
1295:
1261:
1244:
1223:
1200:
1182:
1167:
1131:
1116:
1102:
1063:
1037:
987:
972:
855:
848:Tricks
736:
527:Spider
379:family
290:family
270:layout
149:Danish
2596:Other
2342:Speed
2057:Yukon
1982:Agnes
1434:Clock
359:Types
327:value
294:built
266:dealt
2485:18XX
2352:Spit
2292:Maze
1936:Frog
1717:Gate
1677:Acme
1485:Golf
1388:list
1293:ISBN
1259:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1221:ISBN
1198:ISBN
1180:ISBN
1165:ISBN
1155:and
1141:and
1129:ISBN
1114:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1061:ISBN
1035:ISBN
985:ISBN
970:ISBN
853:ISBN
747:2020
734:ISBN
713:2016
557:and
555:Spit
309:pair
264:are
262:pack
255:suit
151:and
88:and
946:in
589:as
317:out
284:or
218:),
130:'s
48:or
2655::
1390:,
1342:.
1330:.
1159:.
913:^
886:^
867:^
827:^
781:^
704:.
700:.
688:^
670:^
658:^
561:.
553:,
549:,
155:,
2386:e
2379:t
2372:v
1394:)
1376:e
1369:t
1362:v
1229:.
1208:.
1206:.
1171:)
1135:)
1120:)
1067:)
1014:.
976:)
861:.
749:.
715:.
20:)
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