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Penny Red

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were used for the paper, small crown (on the early issues) and large crown, introduced on 15 May 1855. The first stamps printed on the large crown watermarked paper showed two small vertical lines in the central portion of the crown (Type 1). Later printings showed a revised watermark on which these
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16, first came into use in 1850 and were officially adopted in 1854, also in gauge 16. The experimental perforated issue can be distinguished from the general issue as the latter was applied to a stamp that used a different alphabet type for the identifying letters. In January 1855, the perforation
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size was changed from 16 to 14 as it was found that the sheets were coming apart too easily; the reduced size allowed the sheets to remain intact until pressure was applied to force the separation. The upper corners of each stamp were now occupied by the same identifying letters in reverse.
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On 1 April 1864, the stamp was issued with the plate number engraved in the design, in the left and right side lace work. At this time, the stars in the top corners were also replaced with the same check letters as used in the lower corners, but in reverse order.
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until 1879, with only minor changes to the design during that time. The colour was changed from black to red because of difficulty in seeing a cancellation mark on the Penny Black; a black cancellation mark was readily visible on a Penny Red.
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in 1971, when the sheet size was changed to 200 (20 rows of 10 stamps), making the lowest value denomination (half new penny) one pound per sheet. The sheets had no
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Initially, some of the same plates used to print the Penny Black were used to print the Penny Red. About 21 billion Penny Reds were printed by Messrs.
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Stamps from some of the individual plate numbers, such as plate 77, are very rare and in 2016, an example from this plate was auctioned for £495,000.
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The era of the Penny Red came to its close at the end of 1879, along with Perkins Bacon's contract. It was superseded by the
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Each stamp had unique letters AA, AB etc. in its lower corners, so that its position on the plate could be identified:
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and stamps had to be cut from the sheet using scissors, as with the Penny Black and the early printings of the
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1 April 1864 – Letters in all four corners and plate number engraved on each stamp from plate 71 onwards.
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SG7, Stanley Gibbons Stamp Catalogue, Commonwealth & British Empire Stamps 1840–1970, issued in 2009
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A perforated Penny Red with letters in four corners and plate 148, therefore printed 1871 or later
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Because of wear, over 400 different plates were used to print the Penny Red. Two different basic
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10 February 1841 – first issue: colour of 1d stamp changed from black to red-brown.
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This article is about the postage stamp. For British columnist and blogger, see
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The plate number, 148 in this case, may be found in the margin of the stamp.
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24 February 1854 – perforations 16 introduced on all Alphabet II plates.
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3 December 1879 – contract to print the Penny Red formally ended.
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15 May 1855 – watermark changed from small crown to large crown.
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1850 – Some Alphabet 1 plates were perforated 16 by Henry Archer
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Part 1 (Royal Philatelic Society London, 3rd. edition, 1967)
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Part 2 (Royal Philatelic Society London, 2nd edition, 1962)
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January 1855 – perforation size changed from 16 to 14.
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1848 – Plates 70 and 71 were rouletted by Henry Archer
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Specialised Stamp Catalogue Volume 1: Queen Victoria
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Specialised Stamp Catalogue Volume 1: Queen Victoria
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Examples of Penny Reds from the Phillips Collection
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Retrieved 10 November 11. 910:Article by Robert Murray, aimed at novices. 698: 696: 216:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1236:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 1194:Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine 937: 923: 536:The upper corners were occupied by stars. 1248:Feodora, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 1242:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 1038:Adelaide Jubilee International Exhibition 76:Learn how and when to remove this message 693: 561:central lines are not present (Type 2). 189: 181: 39:This article includes a list of general 2084: 1230:Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg 1176:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1200:Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 918: 615:August 1855 – Alphabet III introduced 2097:Postage stamps of the United Kingdom 25: 877:The Postage Stamps of Great Britain 867:The Postage Stamps of Great Britain 675:"1840 2d and 1841 2d a plating aid" 206:, issued in 1841. It succeeded the 13: 1212:Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll 944: 210:and continued as the main type of 45:it lacks sufficient corresponding 16:19th-century British postage stamp 14: 2113: 883: 539:Perforations, in an experimental 1803:The Coronation of Queen Victoria 547: 93: 30: 824: 1983:Mauritius "Post Office" stamps 1810:The Marriage of Queen Victoria 1224:Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany 831:http://www.pennystars.comPenny 815: 806: 797: 788: 760: 734: 721: 645:List of notable postage stamps 640:List of British postage stamps 1: 1827:"The Widow at Windsor" (1892) 1254:Carl, 3rd Prince of Leiningen 655: 591: 567: 848:General and cited references 660: 7: 1973:India Inverted Head 4 annas 1546:Victoria and Merrie England 955:Queen of the United Kingdom 628: 10: 2118: 1709:Victoria, British Columbia 222: 18: 2057: 2012:Queen Victoria's journals 1999: 1945: 1872: 1865: 1840: 1819: 1794: 1572: 1537: 1519:Royal Upstairs Downstairs 1470: 1379: 1370: 1324: 1273: 1168: 1095: 966: 952: 235:and a complete sheet one 172: 161: 134: 124: 101: 92: 2102:Queen Victoria on stamps 1182:Victoria, German Empress 1352:Victoria Day (Scotland) 1153:Death and state funeral 865:& C. Gardiner-Hill 837:10 January 2016 at the 708:The Penny Red Collector 229:Perkins, Bacon & Co 129:Perkins, Bacon & Co 60:more precise citations. 1978:Malta Halfpenny Yellow 1080:Cunningham Clock Tower 731:(8th ed. 1985) p. 207. 195: 187: 1963:Canada 2c Large Queen 1932:Lilac and Green Issue 1503:Victoria & Albert 1085:Devonshire House Ball 1028:Clock Tower, Brighton 1023:Clock Tower, Weymouth 727:Stanley Gibbons Ltd, 204:British postage stamp 193: 185: 1832:"Recessional" (1897) 1511:Looking for Victoria 1444:Victoria & Abdul 1412:Sixty Glorious Years 1143:Visits to Manchester 1917:Three Halfpence Red 1388:Sixty Years a Queen 1301:Lady Flora Hastings 984:Hackpen White Horse 900:Penny Red Collector 854:Stanley Gibbons Ltd 263: 261:Plate configuration 2092:1841 introductions 1922:Penny Venetian Red 1912:Halfpenny Rose Red 1495:The Young Victoria 1479:Happy and Glorious 1436:The Young Victoria 1404:Victoria the Great 1342:Royal Family Order 1138:Victorian morality 1075:Recessional (poem) 574:Penny Venetian Red 259: 196: 188: 102:Date of production 2079: 2078: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1420:Victoria in Dover 1396:Victoria in Dover 1281:Kensington System 1265:Royal descendants 1128:John William Bean 1103:Bedchamber crisis 532: 531: 180: 179: 86: 85: 78: 2109: 1968:Ceylon Dull Rose 1958:Canada 12d black 1870: 1869: 1452:The Black Prince 1377: 1376: 1362:Victoria (plant) 1123:Empress of India 1070:Cherries jubilee 959:Empress of India 939: 932: 925: 916: 915: 841: 828: 822: 819: 813: 810: 804: 801: 795: 792: 786: 785: 783: 781: 764: 758: 757: 755: 753: 748:on 19 March 2018 738: 732: 725: 719: 718: 716: 714: 700: 691: 690: 688: 686: 671: 586:stamp collectors 264: 258: 120: 118: 112: 110: 97: 90: 89: 81: 74: 70: 67: 61: 56:this article by 47:inline citations 34: 33: 26: 2117: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2053: 2049:Victoria sponge 1987: 1941: 1907:Embossed stamps 1861: 1836: 1815: 1790: 1662:Balmoral cairns 1582:List of statues 1574: 1568: 1554:Victoria Regina 1533: 1487:Victoria Regina 1466: 1366: 1320: 1306:Charlotte Percy 1291:Victoire Conroy 1269: 1164: 1108:Prime ministers 1091: 1060:Jubilee Diamond 1045:Diamond Jubilee 962: 948: 943: 894:Wayback Machine 886: 850: 845: 844: 839:Wayback Machine 829: 825: 820: 816: 811: 807: 802: 798: 793: 789: 779: 777: 776:. 11 March 2016 766: 765: 761: 751: 749: 740: 739: 735: 726: 722: 712: 710: 704:"The Penny Red" 702: 701: 694: 684: 682: 681:on 29 June 2014 673: 672: 668: 663: 658: 635:Archer Roulette 631: 594: 570: 550: 225: 157: 116: 114: 108: 106: 82: 71: 65: 62: 52:Please help to 51: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2115: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2073: 2066: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1942: 1940: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1897:Two penny blue 1894: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1876: 1874: 1867: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1859: 1852: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1834: 1829: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1813: 1806: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1705: 1704: 1694: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1682: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1584: 1578: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1567: 1566: 1558: 1550: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1531: 1523: 1515: 1507: 1499: 1491: 1483: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1464: 1456: 1448: 1440: 1432: 1424: 1416: 1408: 1400: 1392: 1383: 1381: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1357:Victoria Cross 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1256:(half-brother) 1251: 1245: 1239: 1233: 1227: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1185: 1179: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1165: 1163: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1150: 1148:Foreign visits 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1003:Golden Jubilee 1000: 999: 998: 988: 987: 986: 981: 970: 968: 964: 963: 953: 950: 949: 946:Queen Victoria 942: 941: 934: 927: 919: 913: 912: 907: 902: 897: 885: 884:External links 882: 881: 880: 873:W.R.D. 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Seymour 857: 826: 817: 808: 799: 790: 778:. Retrieved 771: 762: 750:. Retrieved 746:the original 736: 728: 723: 711:. Retrieved 707: 683:. 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Index

Laurie Penny
references
inline citations
improve
introducing
Learn how and when to remove this message
An unperforated Penny Red, position 2, row 2
Perkins, Bacon & Co
gauge
Queen Victoria


British postage stamp
Penny Black
postage stamp
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Perkins, Bacon & Co
shilling
pound
decimalisation
perforations
Two pence blue
gauge
watermarks
Penny Venetian Red
De La Rue
Penny Lilac
stamp collectors
Archer Roulette
List of British postage stamps

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