South Yemen - Knowledge

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not want to make major changes in the prevailing social and economic structure and took a conservative stance toward “liberating all Arab lands from colonialism, supporting the resistance of the Palestinian people, and supporting socialist regimes around the world to resist imperialism and colonial forces in the Third World.” The leftist section of the Liberation Front was also promoting and opposed the establishment of popular forces and proposals to nationalize lands, and they were not preoccupied with the struggle of social classes. Qahtan wanted the continuation of existing institutions and their development. The leftist section “wanted a social and economic transformation that would serve the broad segment of the working people instead of the wealthy minority,” as they put it. on March 20 1968, Qahtan dismissed all leftist leaders from the government and party membership and was able to put down a rebellion led by leftist factions in the army in May of the same year. On another level, in the months of July, August and December of 1968, the popular Qahtan faced new rebellions from leftist parties because all Arab countries welcomed the front. The National Liberation Front received a cold reception, as regimes like Egypt wanted to merge the National Front with the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen. The leftist section was more numerous than the supporters of the popular Qahtan, and they wanted a regime that would lead the masses and face the great challenges facing the new state, the most important of which was the bankruptcy of the treasury.

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aid double what it proposed to the union, and that all the islands associated with the Aden Protectorate be part of the new state. While the British demands were an orderly handover to the authorities, and that the new state not interfere in the affairs of any country in the Arabian Peninsula. The British were surprised by the presence of people they thought were loyal to them alongside the popular Qahtan. The NLF was invited to the Geneva Talks to sign the independence agreement with the British. During its occupation of

1755: 1247:. West Germany severed its relationship with the state due to its recognition of East Germany. The United States also severed its relationship in October 1969. The new powers issued a new constitution, nationalized foreign banks and insurance companies, and changed the name of the state to The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen in line with the Marxist-Leninist approach they followed. A centrally planned economy was established. The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen established close ties with the 262: 2279: 715: 144: 1147:

left Aden on November 30, 1967, and the sheikhdoms of the Eastern Protectorate in Hadhramaut were annexed to the new country. The lands of South Yemen are rugged and barren, a fact that played a role in the social, cultural and economic development of the south, unlike the northern regions of Yemen. Their population in 1967 did not exceed two million people, while northern Yemen exceeded six million. Most of the population of the south was concentrated in the western regions of

1094: 4886: 5066: 1452: 1138:, the British had signed several treaties of protection with the local sheikhdoms and emirates of the Federation of South Arabia; however, these parties were excluded from the talks, and thus the agreement stated . Southern Yemen became independent as the People's Republic of Southern Yemen on 30 November 1967, and the National Liberation Front consolidated its control in the country. On 14 December 1967, the PDRY was admitted into the 2265: 740: 1027:, because they feared for their future from the sheikhdoms. On the other hand, the leaders of the sheikhdoms feared that they would be overthrown later or that their influence would remain limited due to the dominance of the educated Aden elite, which was made up of a large number of non-Arabs and non-Muslims. In addition to all that was the sheikhdoms' differences over the who should be the president of the federation. 5081: 1185: 1577: 43: 4807: 1090:, which made it appear as a follower of the Egyptians promoting Nasser’s agendas inside the country, the operations of these factions against the British were known to them as the Aden Emergency. The British tried to reach a compromise with these groups and found themselves waging a war on two fronts, trying to thwart the Republic in the north and the anti-English factions in the south. 1889:. The state changed this practice in the mid-1980s but gave the governorates geographical or historical names and ensured that their borders did not coincide with tribal allegiances. Today, this legacy contributes to misunderstanding and confusion when discussing political issues and allegiances in Yemen. The islands of 2204:

The Soviet involvement in the discovery, estimated to have cost over half a billion dollars and add to South Yemen's already staggering debt, raised concerns about potential political and economic influence in the region. Additionally, the oil find added a layer of complexity to the already intricate

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In 1980s, Technoexport contracted with the PDRY to search for oil in a 13,500-square-mile area in Shabwa, and, in 1984, launched a program of exploratory drilling. This Soviet effort yielded only traces of oil over the next two years, a sharp contrast to the discovery and rapid exploitation of oil in

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and its environs, and these alone constituted more than 60% of the population, 10% were nomads. Qahtan al-Shaabi assumed the presidency of a state that had never existed before, with a collapsed economy. Civilian workers and businessmen left, British support stopped, and the closure of the Suez Canal

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Within the industrial sector, the state implemented welfarist labor laws that were widely enforced. These laws included regulations aimed at safeguarding women in the workforce by prohibiting night shifts and hazardous occupations. Additionally, the legislation ensured that workers received salaries

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The National Liberation Front had approximately 4,000 members, a small number of university-educated leaders, and all of them, without exception, had no experience in government. The front was divided into two right-wing and left-wing sections. The right-wingers and their popular leader, Qahtan, did

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was the only person the British knew because he was an agricultural engineer in his city of Lahij. When the British tried to negotiate with the National Liberation Front, Qahtan demanded immediate withdrawal and recognition of the legitimacy of his government, and that the British government provide

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Over time, economic policies in the PDRY underwent a transformation, shifting from an initial focus on developing the state sector to promoting cooperative and joint private-public enterprises. By the late 1980s, there was a notable presence of industries in Aden and around Al Mukalla in Hadramawt,

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late 1987 that eight Western and Arab companies were engaged in exploration efforts in several areas in the PDRY. This count seems about right. Although Italy's Agip stopped work in late 1985, Brazil's Braspetrol, France's Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (Elf) and Compagnie Franqaise des Petroles (

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already had a productive capacity of 10,000 barrels per day (bpd), that between 5,000-10,000 bpd were being trucked to the Aden refinery, and that there were plans to increase the number of trucks on the oil run to bring deliveries up to 25,000 bpd, considerably more than the PDRY's total domestic

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Limited natural resources posed challenges to the economic development of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY). Despite this constraint, significant, albeit modest, oil reserves were discovered shortly after the country's unification in 1990. However, the YSP government did not benefit

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The executive body was known as the Council of Ministers, and was formed by the Supreme People's Council. Local representative bodies were the people's councils, and their decisions were taken into account when the members of the Supreme People's Council were governing. Local executive bodies were

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and PDRY governments came to an understanding that considerably reduced tensions, including agreement to renew discussions concerning unification, to establish a joint oil exploration area along their undefined border, to demilitarise the border, and to allow Yemenis unrestricted border passage on

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On December 11, 1967, the lands of “feudal symbols and British agents” were confiscated, and the state was divided into six governorates. The aim of the move was to end tribal aspects in the state and ignore the tribal borders between the defunct sheikhdoms. On June 16, 1969, Qahtan fired Interior

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due to his old age. The commander of the Hadhrami Bedouin Legion was killed by one of his men in the same year, and Ali Salem Al-Beidh and Muhammad Salem Akash played a major role in gathering supporters in favor of the National Liberation Front, taking advantage of the near absence of the English

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Western Shabwa was not the only exploration area, and the Soviet Union was not the only explorer in the second half of the 1980s. Replying to a claim that the PDRY had put all of its eggs in one basket, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Energy and Minerals Salih Abu-Bakr ibn Husaynun noted in

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The National Liberation Front had the upper hand at the expense of the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen, whose members were divided between joining the National Front or leaving for North Yemen. Abdullah Al-Asanj and Muhammad Basindwa left for North Yemen. The last British soldier

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Furthermore, South Yemen grappled with internal political struggles and social unrest at the time of the discovery. The violent leadership struggle within the ruling communist party, culminating in the January 1986 "blood bath" in Aden, further destabilized the nation. This volatile political

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in late 1986, marking a turning point for the resource-scarce nation. Decades of unsuccessful exploration efforts, hampered by the harsh desert environment and political instability, had left South Yemen heavily reliant on foreign aid, primarily from the Soviet Union, and remittances from its

1164:, but the latter withdrew his ties to With the tribes and the army, he was able to ally himself with Muhammad Saleh Al-Awlaki, and they reassembled the leftist forces that had been dispersed by President Qahtan Al-Shaabi. They were able to arrest him and place him under house arrest. 1858:

Women's rights under the socialist government were considered the best in the region. Women became legally equal to men and were encouraged to work in public; polygamy, child marriage, and arranged marriage were all banned; and equal rights in divorce received legal sanction.

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citizens working abroad, estimated to be around half of government revenue by the mid-1980s. The discovery, made by the Soviet oil company Technoexport, emerged amidst the Cold War, with the Soviet Union playing a crucial role in the exploration and discovery process.

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as a member state. the British announced that they would withdraw from 1968, which sparked the battles between the National Liberation Front and the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen to monopolize the right to self-determination after the British left.

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need at the time. The discovery was viewed as a potential pathway to reduce dependence on external sources of income and improve the lives of South Yemen's roughly 2.4 million citizens. However, the joy of discovery was accompanied by a multitude of challenges.

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By late March, Initial estimates placed the oil reserves at around 1 billion barrels, sparking plans for pipeline construction and full-scale production of the oil fields. events moved swiftly, and industry sources reported in mid-1987 that the three fields -

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from storming Aden than a desire to annex the small sheikhdoms to the empire. In the mid-1950s, the British realized that they would not be able to manage the colonies and needed a stable political unit that would distance Aden from the wave of

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between 1979 and the Yemeni reunification. Diplomatic relations with the United States had been broken on 24 October 1969 because of disagreements with US policy in the Middle East. They were not restored until shortly before reunification.

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that enabled them to maintain reasonable living standards. Trade unions in the PDRY primarily functioned as state entities rather than as negotiating bodies, playing a significant role in upholding labor regulations and standards.

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The leaders of the NLF came from within the protected sheikhdoms and were not supported by the Egyptians at first, while the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen ran its operations from Aden and received support from

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By 1965, most of the western protectorates had fallen to the National Liberation Front. As for Hadhramaut, it seemed calm until 1966 because the English presence there was less than its counterpart in the western protectorates.

1613:, was elected by the people for a period of five years. The collective head of state, also known as the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council, was elected by the Supreme People's Council for a period of five years as well. 1620:

The highest court was the Supreme Court of South Yemen, other courts in the country included courts of appeal and the provincial courts, and the courts of first instance were known as the district courts or magistrate courts.

1239:. This radical wing reorganised the country into the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY) on 30 November 1970. Subsequently, all political parties were amalgamated into the National Liberation Front, renamed the 1014:

in 1959. The federation did not succeed for several reasons, the first of which was the British insistence that Aden would be part of the entity, which was rejected by the commercial elite of Aden, most of whom were

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relationship between South and North Yemen, both of which desired unification and saw the resource, estimated to hold the potential for substantial economic benefits, as a potential driver of economic prosperity.

4053:"اخبار وتقارير - اعتراف جميع دول العالم ومنظمة اليونسكو بان التعليم بمختلف مراحله بجمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية من الدول المتقدمه بالعالم ماقبل العام 90م, وان نسبة الامية لاتتجاوز 2% فقط من اجمالي السكان" 247: 219: 249: 2107:, cattle and sheep, and fishing. The government guaranteed full employment in agriculture for rural citizens, and established a number of collective farms, however, those set up following the 4134: 997:

to India making Aden a part of British colonial rule from 1839 until 1937. In the 1920s, the British began expanding and annexing the multiple sheikhdoms surrounding Aden under the claim of

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basin, an area just to the west of Shabwa. Then, in late 1986, the Soviets struck very high quality oil in western Shabwa, an occurrence confirmed by authorities in Aden in early 1987.

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landscape cast a shadow over the potential benefits of the newfound oil wealth and raised questions about how the resources would be managed and distributed fairly within the nation.

1746:. Income equality improved, corruption was reduced, and health and educational services expanded. Overall, the population was assured of a basic but adequate living standard for all. 2311:

While, according to the Constitution of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Islam was "the state religion", the government discouraged the practice of Islamic traditions like

5005: 1235:, who became president, Muhammad Saleh Al-Awlaki, Ali Antar, Abdel Fattah Ismail, and Muhammad Ali Haitham, who became prime minister. they gained power in an event known as the 212: 3449: 4852: 1344:

gaining access to naval facilities in South Yemen. The most significant among them, a Soviet naval and air base on the island of Socotra for operations in the Indian Ocean.

3281: 4388: 4362: 4336: 4282: 3902: 906:. The official name of the state was changed a year after the reforms to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY), and was able to establish strong relations with 839:, which consisted of two-thirds of present-day Yemen. Prior to 1937, what was to become the Colony of Aden had been governed as a part of British India, originally as the 1394:(North Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) remained relatively friendly throughout most of their existence, although conflicts did arise. 2630: 2252:

was formed by Sayid Zein A. Baharoon who used the “Brothers” nomenclature in his merchant enterprises. Known as BASCO, this fledgling airline lasted only a short time.

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The former South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, PDRY) was on the U.S. terrorism list during 1979-1990 for supporting left-wing Arab terrorist groups

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only established diplomatic relations in 1976, initially hosting pro-British exiles and supporting armed clashes in the border regions of South Yemen.

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were released, political parties were formed, and the system of justice was reckoned to be more equitable than in the North. In May 1988, the

1082:, while the supporters of the FLOSY were mainly from Aden; This is because tribal affiliations played a major role in attracting supporters. 3703: 2522: 2201:), Kuwait's Independent Petroleum Group, and Canadian Occidental were among the firms actively searching for oil in the years that followed. 5557: 5121: 2076:, focused mainly on the port and on the British military bases. As a result, following the British withdrawal, there here was little to no 4546: 3161:

Molyneux, Maxine; Yafai, Aida; Mohsen, Aisha; Ba'abaad, Noor (1979). "Women and Revolution in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen".

1668:. The East Germans did not leave until 1990, when the Yemeni government declined to pay their salaries which had been terminated with the 5770: 5450: 3882:(1978). "Report of Congressman Paul Findley on Visit to South Yemen". Peace in the Mideast: A Delicate Balance (Report). pp. 38–39. 3840:

Katzman, Kenneth (13 February 2002). "Terrorism: Near Eastern Groups and State Sponsors". CRS Report for Congress (Report). p. 21.

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producing a range of essential goods such as plastics, batteries, cigarettes, matches, tomato paste, dairy products, and fish canning.

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were discovered. Foreign aid was minimal, as the British government did not fulfill promises of aid and the Soviet Union offered only

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and arranged marriage were all banned by law and equal rights in divorce were sanctioned; all of supported and protected by the state

5702: 5437: 4990: 1720: 1610: 505: 5916: 3595: 3460: 5840: 5805: 5754: 5539: 5000: 4449: 3927:"The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen: Unique Socialist Experiment in The Arab World at a Time of World Revolutionary Fervour" 3790:"The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen: Unique Socialist Experiment in the Arab World at a Time of World Revolutionary Fervour" 1692: 1243:, which became the only legal party. This group took an extreme leftist line and declared its support for the Palestinians and the 1200: 5990: 5187: 5015: 4752: 3273: 1829: 1806: 1724: 1594: 852: 4384: 4358: 4332: 4274: 3894: 5980: 5828: 5462: 5355: 5192: 4598: 1179: 1010:

that had swept the region and preserve for them influence and the ability to manage Aden from London, so they established the

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Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p. 352

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Müller, Miriam Manuela (2015). "A Spectre Is Haunting Arabia: How the Germans Brought Their Communism to Yemen" (Interview).

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between Ali Nasir's supporters and supporters of the returned Ismail, who wanted power back. This conflict, known as the

541: 5457: 1840:. Sending only eight athletes, the country won no medals. This was the only time the country went to the Olympics until 5845: 5534: 5472: 4985: 4095: 3680: 2702:"Yemen". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 22 Sep. 2013 2693:"Yemen". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 22 Sep. 2013 2675:"Yemen". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 22 Sep. 2013 2663:"Yemen". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 22 Sep. 2013 2654:"Yemen". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 22 Sep. 2013 2574: 1786: 1482:, and Ismail's disappearance and presumed death. Some 60,000 people, including the deposed Ali Nasir, fled to the YAR. 2904:

Encyclopedia of the Cold Waredited by Ruud van Dijk, William Glenn Gray, Svetlana Savranskaya, Jeremi Suri, Qiang Zhai

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intervention. The goal of unity was reaffirmed by the northern and southern heads of state during a summit meeting in

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The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen: Politics, Economics, and Society; The Politics of Socialist Transformation

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Despite a poor economy, the government ensured a basic level of living standard for all citizens and established a

1684: 4700: 4649: 4515: 3529: 2496: 1219: 53: 5712: 3074: 1936: 1550: 3034: 5734: 5632: 5584: 5417: 5345: 5020: 4170: 1810: 994: 5427: 5744: 5642: 5422: 5050: 5030: 1853: 1818: 1306: 669: 460: 1066:. The British had announced that they would withdraw by 1968 as a result of the revolution. The NLF and the 5788: 5487: 5477: 5246: 4965: 4811: 2596: 2229: 1814: 864: 720: 637: 31: 5970: 5833: 5739: 5513: 5107: 5085: 4722: 3380: 1798: 1794: 1707: 5885: 3744:

Stokes, Lee (11 May 1990). "East German Security Quit South Yemen" (Press release). United Press Agency.

2061: 5599: 5482: 5281: 3987: 3618: 2225: 1252: 1031: 978: 860: 706: 3372: 1821:, to whom they lost 1–0. The team stopped playing when the North and South united in 1990 to form the 1817:, to whom they lost 14–0. On 5 November 1989, South Yemen played its last international match against 5975: 5850: 5722: 4867: 3926: 1130: 887: 3789: 5793: 5717: 5350: 5251: 5025: 4840: 4782: 4231: 4200: 4119:"Marxist Regime in South Yemen Showing Improvement in Quality of Life in Villages (Published 1979)" 1688: 1546: 1111: 448: 416: 240: 60: 3711: 2518: 143: 5657: 5162: 1326: 1059: 183: 5875: 5870: 5810: 5261: 5204: 5150: 5145: 4980: 4538: 3879: 2119: 2022: 1598: 1491: 1240: 895: 867:

were overthrown to become the People's Republic of Southern Yemen (PRSY) on 30 November 1967.

3573: 1267:'s constitution of 1968 even served as a kind of blueprint for the PDRY's first constitution. 5385: 5256: 4949: 3407: 2249: 2040: 1886: 1700: 1530: 1529:

the basis of only a national identification card. In November 1989, after returning from the

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refused to join either of the federations. Several resistance movements emerged, such as the

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assisted in the building of the PDRY's armed forces. Strong support from Moscow resulted in

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declined through the 1970s as the South Yemeni government supported the insurgent Marxist

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resigned and went into exile in Moscow, having lost the confidence of his sponsors in the

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This article is about the 1967–1990 state. For the 1994 breakaway unrecognised state, see

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During British rule, economic development in South Yemen was restricted to the city of

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found the plan reckless and declined. In 1990, the parties reached a full agreement on

1503: 1483: 1439: 1429: 1399: 1188: 1107: 1087: 966: 931: 625: 577: 405: 393: 355: 4760: 4232:"'We Are Willing to Die Here': The Fight for Women's Rights in Yemen (Published 2018)" 1813:. On 2 September 1965, South Yemen played their first international match against the 1669: 847:

and then as a Chief Commissioner's province. After the collapse of Aden Protectorate,

5569: 5335: 5236: 4684: 4633: 4590: 4499: 4433: 4312: 4239: 4126: 4085: 4001:"مقال : سعيدة الشيبة - يوم العلم والمعلم في 10 سبتمبر .. مناسبة منسية في بلادنا" 3959: 3947: 3859: 3814: 3760: 3672: 3664: 3537: 3498: 3488: 3413: 3342: 3241: 3120: 3080: 2566: 2445: 2077: 1986: 1968: 1841: 1770: 1696: 1677: 1554: 1398:, and the short-lived conflict was resolved with negotiations, where it was declared 1310: 1098: 1051: 939: 844: 836: 809: 291: 5815: 3335:"Soviets bolster an Arab ally. Military buildup in South Yemen worries US officials" 3274:"Jimmy Carter and the Second Yemenite War: A Smaller Shock of 1979? | Wilson Center" 1479: 1478:, lasted for more than a month and resulted in thousands of casualties, Ali Nasir's 1405:

However, these plans were put on hold in 1979, as the PDRY funded Red rebels in the

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joined the National Liberation Front in Hadhramaut and prevented the sultans of the

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The Rise of Militant Islam: An Insider's View of the Failure To Curb Global Jihad

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Stephen W. Day,Regionalism and Rebellion in Yemen: A Troubled National Union p.39

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Stephen W. Day,Regionalism and Rebellion in Yemen: A Troubled National Union p.39

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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

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United States. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs (December 1989).

3588:"Middle East :: Yemen — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency" 2484: 1917:) of the First/Aden Governorate being under the Prime Minister's supervision. 1432:, took a less interventionist stance toward both North Yemen and neighbouring 5949: 5931: 5918: 5855: 5609: 5365: 5276: 5155: 4931: 4836: 4688: 4637: 4594: 4503: 4437: 4243: 4130: 3951: 3668: 3541: 3346: 3076:

A Spectre is haunting Arabia – How the Germans brought their Marxism to Yemen

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South Yemen's origins can be traced to 1874 with the creation of the British

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People celebrating the 14th October Revolution next to the Freedom Statue

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The Counter-Insurgency Myth: The British Experience of Irregular Warfare

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The Counter-Insurgency Myth: The British Experience of Irregular Warfare

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Towards Korean Reconciliation: Socio-cultural Exchanges and Cooperation

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in 1985, education in Democratic Yemen was considered the best in the

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United States. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs (1989).

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on 1965, four sheikhdoms out of twenty-one had joined the union. The

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https://himyar.net/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85

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and others uninhabited from the Socotra archipelago were districts (

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Administrative divisions of Yemen § Governorates of South Yemen

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Revolution without Revolutionaries: Making Sense of the Arab Spring

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Revolution without Revolutionaries: Making Sense of the Arab Spring

1994: 1683:

Relations between South Yemen and several nearby states were poor.

1538: 1298: 1020: 657: 629: 515: 207:

An-Našid al-Waṭani li-Jomhuriyat al-Yaman ad-Dimoqrâṭiya aš-Šaʿbiya

5604: 3856:

Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987

3435:

Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen, 1967–1987

3409:

Saudi-Yemeni relations: domestic structures and foreign influence

3037:. United Nations Office of Public Information. 31 December 1970. 3022:

Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987

3009:

Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987

2996:

Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987

2941:

Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987

2893:

Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987

2880:

Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987

2787:

Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen, 1967-1987

2312: 2239: 2235: 2093: 2030: 1898: 1890: 1641: 1228: 1167: 1115: 1054:

on December 10, 1963 using a grenade, an event that sparked the "

1039: 894:. The Marxist–Leninist takeover later led to the creation of the 813: 337: 282:

Location of claimed territory of South Yemen (red)

1231:

wing of the NLF formed a presidential committee of five people,

1184: 5380: 5172: 3160: 2115: 2089: 2081: 1910: 1906: 1766: 1762:

Democratic Yemen had a "National Science Day" on 10 September.

1414: 1071: 990: 962: 320: 5594: 5564: 2173: 1976: 1894: 1837: 1822: 1653: 1576: 1362:

Unlike the early decades of other partitioned states such as

1148: 1079: 919: 758: 733: 650: 330: 4117:

Times, Marvine Howe; Special to The New York (26 May 1979).

3142:

Mapping Arab Women's Movements: A Century of Transformations

2468:"Islam and the State in South Yemen: The Uneasy Coexistence" 1699:

were also low, as South Yemen offered asylum to a number of

1565:

South Yemen's ethnic groups were, as of 2000, ethnic Yemeni

213:

National Anthem of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen

5579: 5503: 5445: 3858:. Cambridge Middle East Library. Vol. 21. p. 81. 2839:

Politics and Government in the Middle East and North Africa

2127: 2103:

The main sources of income were agriculture, mostly fruit,

2073: 2012: 1958: 1566: 1513: 1471: 1433: 1256: 1135: 1001:

them. This was more a precautionary measure to prevent the

986: 907: 825: 308: 285: 4303: 2983: